Münzkabinett – Museum

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Münzkabinett – Museum 030-037 29.04.2005 9:57 Uhr Seite 30 Das Münzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen zu Bernd Kluge Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz ist mit über Rainer Fisch einer halben Million Münzen, Medaillen und weiteren Zeugnissen aus 2500 Jahren Mensch- heitsgeschichte von Erfindung der Münzen im 7. Jahrhundert v. Chr. bis zur Gegenwart eine der Münzkabinett – Museum der Kaiserzeit Instandsetzung und Restaurierung Bauherr client Nutzer occupant Planungstermine project stages Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Münzkabinett Entwurfsbeginn start of design 1998 Bundesamt für Bauwesen und Raumordnung Architekt architect Atelier Fischer, Berlin Baubeginn start of construction 1998 Rainer Fisch, Wolf Dietrich Werner, Projektsteuerung project management Fertigstellung completion 2004 Barbara Große-Rhode ibb-ingenieurbüro, Berlin 30 030-037 29.04.2005 9:57 Uhr Seite 31 Zugang zum Tresorraum. Massive Stahltresortür. Entrance to the vault room. Solid steel vault door. Seite 30: Detail der Stahltresortür. Drehrad und Türgriff aus Messing. Page 30: Detail of steel vault door. Brass locking wheel and door handle. 31 030-037 29.04.2005 9:57 Uhr Seite 32 Bode-Museum. Grundriss Erdgeschoss mit Münzkabinett (gelb) im Südwestflügel. The Bode Museum. Ground level floor plan showing the Münzkabinett (yellow) in the southwest wing. international bedeutendsten numismatischen für den beinahe sechzig Meter langen, an Türen Seit dem Jahr 2000 wird das Bode-Museum Sammlungen. Seine Wurzeln liegen im frühen und Fenstern bankmäßig gesicherten großen generalsaniert und wird 2006 seine Pforten für 17. Jahrhundert in den Kunst- und Antiken- Tresor mit seiner über die gesamte Länge lau- das Publikum wieder öffnen. Bereits zwei Jahre sammlungen der Kurfürsten von Brandenburg. fenden und von einer Bibliotheksgalerie über- früher und pünktlich zur Hundertjahrfeier des Im Berliner Schloss bildete es um 1700 neben wölbten Flucht von achtundvierzig eigens kon- am 18. Oktober 1904 eingeweihten Hauses Antikensammlung, Kunstkammer und Natura- struierten Stahlschränken zur Aufnahme der kehrt das restaurierte Münzkabinett mit Biblio- lienkabinett eine von vier Abteilungen des bran- Münzen und Medaillen. Die dafür 1904 ge- thek, Studiensälen, Depots und Diensträumen in denburg-preußischen Kunstbesitzes. 1830 zog planten Kosten von einer halben Million Gold- die Öffentlichkeit zurück. es als Teil des Antiquariums, der Sammlung der mark wurden fast auf den Pfennig eingehalten. Auf Grund seiner Lage im Sockelgeschoss des antiken Kleinkunst (Vasen, Gemmen, Bronzen, Die Kriegsschäden haben das im Untergeschoss Museums, direkt über der Wasserlinie, von der Münzen), in das von Karl Friedrich Schinkel liegende Münzkabinett in vergleichsweise ge- Spree als natürlichem Festungsgraben geschützt erbaute Museum am Lustgarten. 1868 wurde es ringerem Umfang als andere Abteilungen ge- und auch sonst gut gesichert, hat sich im Münz- ein eigenes Museum innerhalb der Königlichen, troffen. Die während des Krieges in den Luft- kabinett von der Tresorausstattung über die später Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin. Zunächst schutzkeller des Pergamonmuseums ausgelagerte, Raumfluchten bis hin zum Sammlungs-, Biblio- untergebracht im Erdgeschoss des Alten Mu- 1945 durch die Rote Armee beschlagnahmte und theks- und Büromobiliar die Einrichtung der seums, wurden diese Räume durch das gewaltige in die Sowjetunion verbrachte Sammlung kehrte Kaiserzeit in einem sonst auf der Museumsinsel Wachstum der Sammlung bald zu klein. Betrug 1958 zurück. Im Unterschied zu den meisten an- kaum anzutreffenden Vollständigkeitsgrad er- die Zahl der Münzen und Medaillen 1830 etwa deren Museen der Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbe- halten und auch die DDR-Zeit überdauert. Es ist 60.000, so war sie um 1900 auf über 200.000 sitz existierte das Münzkabinett nur auf der Ost- ein Stück Kaiser-Friedrich-Museum im Original. angewachsen. berliner Seite der Staatlichen Museen und hat als Das liegt vor allem daran, dass die 1904 für das 1904 wurde die ungenügende Raumsituation einziger der ursprünglichen Hausherren des Münzkabinett entworfenen Räume und ihre des Münzkabinetts im Alten Museum durch eine Kaiser-Friedrich-Museums über die gesamte Zeit Ausstattung noch heute in hervorragender glänzende Lösung im neu erbauten Kaiser-Fried- ungeteilt in diesem – und nur in diesem – Hause Weise die Anforderungen erfüllen, die man an rich-Museum (seit 1956 Bode-Museum) ersetzt. logiert. eine Münzsammlung stellt. Dazu hatte man – übrigens gegen den ausdrück- Die zu DDR-Zeiten erfolgte Wiederherstellung Die Bauaufgabe des Architekturbüros Atelier lichen Widerstand Wilhelm Bodes – das Unter- des Kaiser-Friedrich-Museums, konnte die Fischer bestand daher auch nicht in der Ent- geschoss des Kupfergraben-Flügels kurzfristig Kriegsschäden nur vorläufig beheben. 1956 ist wicklung einer neuen architektonischen Kon- umgeplant und die hier ursprünglich vorgese- das Haus wieder eröffnet und bei dieser Gele- zeption sondern in der Wiederherstellung der henen Werkstätten und Magazine an andere genheit zu Ehren des in besonderer Weise um Authentizität der Räume. Gleichzeitig musste Stellen verlegt. Das Raumensemble des Münz- dieses Museum verdienten Wilhelm von Bode – die technische Ausrüstung an die Erfordernisse kabinetts im Kaiser-Friedrich-Museum bietet 1905-1920 Generaldirektor der Königlichen eines modernen Museums angepasst werden. ein beeindruckendes Beispiel einer zweckmä- Museen – in Bode-Museum umbenannt worden. So wurden bei der Instandsetzung und Restau- ßigen Münzkabinettseinrichtung, das interna- Ein nach einem Hohenzollern-Kaiser benanntes rierung abgehangene Decken und eingezogene tional ohne Parallele ist. Dies gilt insbesondere Museum war in der DDR untragbar. Trockenwände zurückgebaut, Stuck ergänzt und 32 Berliner Museumsbauten 030-037 29.04.2005 9:57 Uhr Seite 33 Bode-Museum mit seinen beiden Brücken über Spree und Kupfergraben. Foto um 1930. The Bode Museum with the two bridges across the Spree and the Kupfergraben. Photo c. 1930. Bernd Kluge The “Münzkabinett” – Museum of the Imperial Age Rainer Fisch Repair and Restoration With more than half a million coins, medallions and other a functional numismatic exhibit that is unparalleled in the By virtue of its location on the basement level of the mu- objects representing 2,500 years of human history – from world. This is true in particular of the nearly sixty-meter- seum, directly above the waterline, protected by the natural the invention of the coin in the seventh century B.C. to the long vault with windows and doors secured in typical bank moat formed by the River Spree and otherwise well secured, present, the Münzkabinett of the Staatliche Museen Berlin fashion and its row of forty-eight specially constructed steel the Münzkabinett has survived intact to a degree that is – Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz (Numismatic Collection cabinets for coins and medallions which runs along the en- found nowhere else on the Museum Island – complete with of the Berlin State Museums – Prussian Cultural Heritage tire length of the room beneath a library gallery. The budget its vault system, its spatial configuration, the collection, li- Foundation) is one of the most outstanding numismatic col- target of 500 thousand gold marks set for the project in brary and office furnishings of the Imperial Age – and even lections in the world. Its roots can be traced to the early sev- 1904 was met practically to the last penny. outlasted the GDR era. It is truly a bit of the Kaiser- enteenth century and to the art and antiquity collections of Situated on the basement level, the Münzkabinett suffered Friedrich-Museum in original form. This is attributable pri- the Prince Electors of Brandenburg. It was once (c. 1700) one less damage during wartime bombing than other museum marily to the fact that the rooms and furnishings designed of four departments of the Brandenburg-Prussian Art Col- departments. Moved to the underground air-raid shelters for the Münzkabinett in 1904 still meet all of the require- lections at the Berlin Palace, which also comprised the An- beneath the Pergamon Museum, seized by the Red Army and ments posed by a numismatic collection in a truly out- tiquities Collection, the Art Gallery and the Natural History taken to the Soviet Union in 1945, the collection returned standing manner. Collection. In 1830, it was moved as a part of the Anti- to Berlin in 1958. Unlike most of the other museums of the Thus the objective pursued by the architects of Atelier Fis- quarium, a collection of art objects from classical antiquity Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation, the Münzkabinett cher was not to develop a new architectural concept but in- (vases, jewels, bronze objects, coins) to the Museum am Lust- existed only on the East Berlin side of the State Museums stead to restore the authenticity of the rooms while adapting garten erected by Karl Friedrich Schinkel. In 1868, it became and is the only original occupant of the Kaiser-Friedrich- the technical facilities to the needs of a modern museum at an autonomous museum within the complex of the Royal Museum to have remained intact in this – and only this – the same time. Berlin Museums, which have since been renamed as the building during the entire period. The suspended ceilings and drywall partitions installed Berlin State Museums. Originally housed on the ground floor The restoration of the Kaiser-Friedrich-Museum completed during earlier repair and restoration work were removed. of the Altes Museum, the collection expanded so rapidly
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