21St Century Technologies, Geopolitics, and the US-Japan Alliance: Recognizing Game

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21St Century Technologies, Geopolitics, and the US-Japan Alliance: Recognizing Game 21st Century Technologies, Geopolitics, and the US-Japan Alliance: Recognizing Game- changing Potential Edited by Brad Glosserman, Crystal Pryor, and Riho Aizawa Japanese translations by Harunari Soeda, Yu Inagaki, and Erika Hongo ISSUES & INSIGHTS SPECIAL REPORT VOL. 21, SR 1 | April 2021 Pacific Forum Based in Honolulu, the Pacific Forum (www.pacforum.org) is a foreign policy research institute focused on the Asia-Pacific Region. Founded in 1975, the Pacific Forum collaborates with a broad network of research institutes from around the Pacific Rim, drawing on Asian perspectives and disseminating project findings and recommendations to global leaders, governments, and members of the public throughout the region. The Forum’s programs encompass current and emerging political, security, economic, and maritime policy issues, and works to help stimulate cooperative policies through rigorous research, analyses and dialogues. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABOUT THE AUTHORS .................................................................................................................................... IV KEY FINDINGS......................................................................................................................................................IX 要旨...............................................................................................................................................................................XIV ECONOMIC SECURITY AND JAPANESE ECONOMIC STATECRAFT ..................................................... 1 経済安全保障と日本のエコノミック・ステイトクラフト ............................................................................ 6 ECONOMIC SECURITY CHALLENGES AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGICAL OPPORTUNITIES IN THE US-JAPAN ALLIANCE .............................................................................................................................. 13 日米同盟における経済安全保障課題と先端技術の可能性 .......................................................................... 18 THE SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY AND SUPPLY CHAINS: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE .... 23 半導体産業とサプライチェーン:歴史的な観点からの考察 ...................................................................... 28 GAME-CHANGING BIOTECHNOLOGY: SECURITY, PROLIFERATION & GOVERNANCE CHALLENGES ............................................................................................................................................................. 34 革新的なバイオテクノロジーにおける安全保障、拡散 ............................................................................... 41 とガバナンスの課題 .................................................................................................................................................. 41 JAPAN AND THE UNITED STATES NEED TECHNONATIONAL SECURITY AND STRATEGIC POLICIES TARGETING BIOMEDICAL INNOVATION IN ASIA ............. 49 日米が必要としているアジアにおけるバイオメディカル分野でのイノベーションのための技術国 家安全保障と戦略的政策 ......................................................................................................................................... 56 A DIGITAL FABRICATION PERSPECTIVE: REFLECTING ON THE PAST DECADE OF THE ‘MAKER MOVEMENT’ DIGITAL FABRICATION ECOSYSTEM AND ESTIMATING POTENTIAL FUTURES ....................................................................................................................................................................... 64 デジタルファブリケーションエコシステムと ................................................................................................. 72 可能性がある未来の予測 ......................................................................................................................................... 72 SECURITY IMPLICATIONS OF QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTING ................... 80 量子コンピューティングと量子通信におけるセキュリティ ...................................................................... 87 CHINA'S AIM FOR QUANTUM HEGEMONY AND THE JAPAN-US ALLIANCE ............................... 95 「量子覇権」を目指す中国と日米協力 ............................................................................................................ 101 LEVERAGING THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN JAPAN’S ECONOMIC SECURITY POLICY ................. 107 日本の経済安全保障政策における民間セクターの活用 ............................................................................. 114 KEEPING THE LAST FRONTIER FREE AND OPEN: US- JAPAN SPACE COOPERATION AND PROSPECTS FOR GREATER ENGAGEMENT WITH SOUTHEAST ASIA............................................................................................................................................. 122 自由で開かれた最後のフロンティア:日米の宇宙協力と 東南アジアとの関係強化につい ての展望 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 128 UNIFYING SMALL-SCALE UAV REGULATIONS: TRILATERAL COORDINATION TO COMBAT UAV TERRORISM AND PROMOTE CIVIL UAV DEVELOPMENT ........................................................ 135 小型 UAV 規制の統一化:UAV テロリズムとの戦い及び民間 UAV 開発促進の為の三者間連携 141 iii ABOUT THE AUTHORS Kathryn Ibata-Arens is Vincent de Paul Professor of Political Economy, DePaul University. A scholar of innovation and entrepreneurship, science and technology policy, and economic development, her most recent book published in 2019 by Stanford University Press, is Beyond Technonationalism: Biomedical Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Asia. Using the lens of venture start-up firms in China, India, Japan, and Singapore, Beyond Technonationalism finds a new “networked techno-nationalism” guiding national policy and firm-level strategy supporting competitive growth in frontier technologies. Her 2021 book Pandemic Medicine: Why the Global Innovation System is Broken and How We Can Fix It (Lynne Rienner Publishers) analyzes international competition in new drug discovery and access to essential medicines. Ibata-Arens is also researching emergent organizations supporting sustainability of natural medicine and the plant biodiversity upon which it depends. Ibata-Arens earned a doctorate in political economy from Northwestern University while a Fulbright Doctoral Fellow at the Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST) at Tokyo University. She served on the METI-State Department Japan-US Innovation and Entrepreneurship Council, and serves currently on the Board of Directors of the Japan- America Society of Chicago, on U.S.-Japan bilateral advisory boards for the American Council on Education (ACE) and the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) Foundation, and as a member of the U.S.-Japan Council (USJC). キャサリン・イバタ=アレンスは、デポール大学ヴァンサン・ド・ポール教授 (政治経済学)です。イノベーションと起業家精神、科学技術政策、経済開発の 研究者であり、2019 年にスタンフォード大学出版局から出版された最新の著書は 『Beyond Technonationalism: Biomedical Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Asia』(邦 題:科学技術立国の彼方に:アジアにおけるバイオメディカルイノベーションと アントレプレナーシップ)です。『Beyond Technonationalism』では、中国、イン ド、日本、シンガポールのベンチャー・スタートアップ企業の視点をもとに、フ ロンティア技術における競争的成長を支える国家政策や企業レベルの戦略を導く 新しい「ネットワーク化されたテクノナショナリズム」を発見しています。2021 年に出版された『Pandemic Medicine: Why the Global Innovation System is Broken and How We Can Fix It』(邦題:パンデミック医学・薬剤:なぜ私たちの世界技術革 新システムが壊れた?直せる方法へ)(Lynne Rienner Publishers)では、新薬開発 における国際競争と必須医薬品へのアクセスについて分析しています。また、イ バタ=アレンスは、自然療法の持続可能性とそれが依存する植物の生物多様性を サポートする新興の組織についても研究しています。イバタ=アレンスは、東京 大学先端科学技術研究センター(RCAST)でフルブライト博士研究員を務める中、 ノースウェスタン大学で政治経済学の博士号を取得しました。彼女は「経済産業 省・米国国防省より日米イノベーション・アントレプレナーシップ・カウンシル (IEC) 」に任命。現在はシカゴ日米協会の理事、アメリカ教育協会および沖縄科 学技術大学院大学財団の日米諮問委員会委員、米日カウンシルのメンバーを務め ています。 iv Akira Igata is currently the Executive Director and Visiting Professor at the Center for Rule- making Strategies, Tama University. He is also a Senior Adjunct Fellow at Pacific Forum, a US- based think tank. He advises the Japanese government, bureaucracy, and the private sector in various capacities. His research expertise includes: Economic statecraft; Influence operations; International Politics in the Indo-Pacific; and Japan-US relations. 井形彬 多摩大学ルール形成戦略研究所 事務局長・客員教授 多摩大学ルール形成戦略研究所客員教授・事務局長。米国シンクタンクのパシフ ィック・フォーラム Senior Adjunct Fellow や、国際議員連盟の「対中政策に関する 列国議会連盟(IPAC)」経済安保政策アドバイザーを兼務。その他様々な立場か ら日本の政府、省庁、民間企業に対してアドバイスを行う。専門分野は、エコノ ミック・ステイトクラフト、インフルエンス・オペレーション、インド太平洋に おける国際政治、日米関係。 Keisuke Inoue Director of FabLab KandaNishikicho Part-time lecturer at Tama Art University After working as a research assistant in Tama Art University, Inoue joined to FabLab Shibuya as one of its founding members. With a background in media art and installation skills, Inoue specializes in creation utilizing both digital and analog techniques. He is responsible for both Planning & Production and human resources development for Digital Fabrication Association (DFA). 井上恵介 ファブラボ神田錦町ディレクター 多摩美術大学非常勤講師 多摩美術大学で研究助手を務めた後、創立メンバーの一人としてファブラボ渋谷 に参加。メディアアートとインストール技術の経験から、井上はデジタルとアナ ログの両方の技術を利用して作成することに特化している。主にデジタルファブ リケーション協会(DFA)の企画・制作と人材育成の両方を担当。 Erick Nielson C Javier is a Defense Research Officer II of the National Defense College of the Philippines. Previously, he served as a Defense Analyst of the Office of Strategic Studies and Strategy Management, Armed Forces of the Philippines from 2015-2021. He completed his Master of Arts in Political Science, Major in Global Politics at the Ateneo de Manila University in 2017. His research interests include geopolitics, geoeconomics, great power competition, revolutions in military affairs and the future of warfare. His work experience includes Track II defense diplomacy, strategic studies research, scenario building and military wargaming. エリック・ニールソン・C・ハビエルは、フィリピン国防大学の第二種防衛研究 員です。以前は、2015 年から 2021 年まで、フィリピン国軍の戦略研究・戦略管理 室の防衛アナリストを務めていました。2017 年にアテネオ・デ・マニラ大学でグ ローバル政治を専攻し、政治学修士号を取得。 研究テーマは、地政学、地経学、 v 大国間競争、軍事問題における革命、戦争の未来など。実務経験としては、トラ ックⅡ防衛外交、戦略研究調査、シナリオ構築、軍事作戦演習などがあります。
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