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Processo De Avaliação De Impacto Ambiental Contrato Nº: Mz- Mimaip- 26547-Cs-Cqs/2018

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Processo De Avaliação De Impacto Ambiental Contrato Nº: Mz- Mimaip- 26547-Cs-Cqs/2018 Public Disclosure Authorized PROCESSO DE AVALIAÇÃO DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL CONTRATO Nº: MZ- MIMAIP- 26547-CS-CQS/2018 PROJECTO DE CONECTIVIDADE RODOVIÁRIA E COMÉRCIO REGIONAL NO CORREDOR DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DE NACALA PARA A PROVÍNCIA Public Disclosure Authorized DE NIASSA REABILITAÇÃO DAS ESTRADAS CUAMBA-INSACA E CUAMBA-METARICA VOLUME I: RELATÓRIO DO ESTUDO DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL E SOCIAL (EIAS) Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Maputo, Dezembro de 2020 i ESTUDO DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL E SOCIAL DESCRIÇÃO DO DOCUMENTO Título do Documento: Relatório do Estudo de Impacto Ambiental e Social (EIAS) do Projecto de Reabilitação das Estradas Cuamba-Insaca e Cuamba-Metarica, Província de Niassa. Preparado para: Administração Nacional de Estradas (ANE) Preparado por: Eduardo Langa Data: Dezembro, 2020 Local: Maputo, Moçambique Projecto de Conectividade Rodoviária e Comércio Regional da África Austral para o Corredor de Nacala RESUMO NÃO TÉCNICO 1 Introdução e Objectivos do Estudo O presente Resumo-não-Técnico (RNT) sintetiza a informação contida no relatório do Estudo de Impacto Ambiental e Social do Projecto de Reabilitação das Estradas Cuamba-Insaca e Cuamba- Metarica, na Província de Niassa, e é elaborado na sequência da sua classificação na categoria A pelos Serviços Provinciais do Ambiente de Niassa (SPA-N), em cumprimento ao Decreto no. 54/2015, de 31 de Dezembro que regula o Processo de Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (AIA) no país. O EIA é elaborado na sequência da aprovação do EPDA & TDR pela Direcção Nacional do Ambiente (DINAB). O presente estudo destina-se à obtenção da licença ambiental do projecto em causa mediante a aprovação do EIAS pelo MTA, constituindo assim um compromisso, por parte da ANE (Proponente), em assegurar a aplicação das medidas de gestão e protecção ambiental através de uma estrutura organizacional adequada à implementação dessas medidas de e à respectiva verificação, assim como a repartição de responsabilidades pelos diferentes intervenientes no processo e no âmbito da gestão ambiental do projecto. Isto é, este documento está concebido para providenciar à autoridade licenciadora confiança de que os impactos associados à actividade proposta serão geridos de forma correcta e a um nível adequado para sua execução sustentável. O projecto é promovido pela Administração Nacional de Estradas (ANE) no âmbito do Projecto de Conectividade Rodoviária e Comércio Regional da África Austral, proposto para o Corredor de Nacala que o Governo de Mocambique está a implementar com o apoio financeiro do Banco Mundial (BM). A duração das obras poderá ser de aproximadamente 2 anos, isto é, de 2022 a 2024. O EIAS do presente RNT foi preparado pelo Consultor Ambiental Independente o Sr. Eduardo Langa, no âmbito do Contrato de Prestação de Serviços de Consultoria para a reabilitação das estradas em causa, celebrado com a ANE. O Sr Eduardo Langa está devidamente credenciado pelo Ministério da Terra e Ambiente (MTA), como consultor em AIA, nos termos do Artigo 23 do Regulamento sobre o Processo de AIA (Decreto no. 54/2015, de 31 de Dezembro). Para a realização do estudo, o consultor mobilizou uma equipa multidisciplinar de especialistas formada por Eduardo Macuácua (Especialista em Socioeconomia e reassentamento), Arcangelo Passela (geólogo ambiental), Salomão Bandeira (ecologista), Jaime Kiril Chivangue (hidrólogo), Osvaldo Matessane (especialista em GIS), António Cumbane (especialista na qualidade do ar, ruído e vibrações), Viriato Uamusse (Assistente Ambiental de Campo) e Mirela Romão Langa (Assistente Social de Campo). A realização deste EIAS foi baseada em investigações de campo, encontros com o Proponente e o Consultor, assim como a nível dos integrantes da equipa técnica e com as PI&As e representantes de instituições-chaves, assim como lideranças comunitárias e consulta pública. A abordagem metodológica incluiu a revisão da literatura, assim como referências à legislação pertinentes, Estudo de Impacto Ambiental e Social para a reabilitação das Estradas Cuamba-Insaca e Cuamba –Metarica i Projecto de Conectividade Rodoviária e Comércio Regional da África Austral para o Corredor de Nacala incluindo do sector de estradas sobre o processo de AIA no país, e ainda as directrizes ambientais e sociais do BM. Este relatório comporta o presente Resumo Não Técnico, Relatório Principal do Estudo de Impacto Ambiental e Social (EIAS), assim como Plano de Gestão Ambiental (PGA) e o Relatório do processo de Participação Pública. Foram realizadas reuniões de auscultação do público com incidência ao longo do troço do projecto, em particular. Segundo o Regulamento sobre o Processo de AIA (Decreto no. 54/2015, de 31 de Dezembro), as consultas públicas para os projectos de categoria A são obrigatórias e foram orientadas pela Directiva Geral para o Processo de Participação Pública (Diploma Ministerial nº 130/2006). As consultas públicas tiveram como objectivos a apresentação prévia do projecto, assim como dos resultados do EIAS e assim colher as opiniões e contribuições das Partes Interessadas e Afectadas (PI&As). 2 Enquadramento Legal O projecto aplica-se a um conjunto de leis e directivas nacionais e internacionais destacando a Constituição da República de Moçambique, a legislação e regulamentos ambientais gerais e especificas para o sector de estradas designadamente a Directiva Ambiental para o Sector de Estradas de 2002, Documento Draft de 2007 sobre a Política de Reassentamento para o Sector de Estradas e a Directiva nº. 14/99, de 27 de Abril, confinada ao Quadro Legal, Institucional e Financeiro para o Sector de Estradas. Uma vez que o projecto proposto conta com apoio financeiro do Banco Mundial, a execução do projecto deverá estar em conformidade também com as Políticas de Salvaguarda do BM que contribuem para a gestão do ambiente e dos recursos naturais. 3 Localização do Projecto A Figura abaixo ilustra a localização do Projecto na Província de Niassa, abarcando os Distritos de Cuamba, Mecanhelas e Metarica. A província do Niassa é a maior do país com uma superfície de aproximadamente 129 mil km2. Niassa situa-se no extremo Noroeste do país, entre as latitudes de 11° 25’ Norte e 15° 26’ Sul e as longitudes 35° 58’ Este e 34° 30’ Oeste. A província faz fronteira a Norte com a Tanzânia, a Oeste, com a República do Malawi, a Leste com a Província de Cabo Delgado e a Sul com as Províncias de Nampula e Zambézia. A província de Niassa tem como Capital a Cidade de Lichinga e possui 16 Distritos (Lago, Sanga, Chimbunila, Cidade de Lichinga, Ngaúma, Mandimba, Mavago, Muembe, Mecula, Majune, Marrupa, Cuamba, Metarica, Maúa, Nipepe e Mecanhelas), 39 Postos Administrativos, 79 Localidades e 5 cidades ou vilas Municipais (Lichinga, Cuamba, Marrupa, Metangula e Mandimba). Em língua Nyanja, "Niassa" significa "Lago". Estudo de Impacto Ambiental e Social para a reabilitação das Estradas Cuamba-Insaca e Cuamba –Metarica ii Projecto de Conectividade Rodoviária e Comércio Regional da África Austral para o Corredor de Nacala O distrito de Cuamba é onde convergem os troços a serem reabilitados (nomeadamente Cuamba- Insaca e Cuamba-Metarica), o mesmo está localizado no sul da província de Niassa e faz fronteira com o norte pelos distritos de Mandimba e Metarica, ao sul pelos distritos de Mecanhelas e Gurúe (esta na província do Zambeze), a leste pelos distritos de Lalaua e Malema na província de Nampula e Distrito de Gurúe finalmente a oeste pelo distrito de Mecanhelas. O distrito de Cuamba tem uma superfície total de 5.345 km2 e, de acordo com o Censo 2017, possui uma população de 267.928 habitantes e uma densidade populacional de 30,1 hab / km2. A maioria da população é jovem (45%, com menos de 15 anos). O distrito de Mecanhelas, que é abrangido pelo projecto, localiza-se no sul da província de Niassa, é limitado a norte com o distrito de Mandimba, a sul com o distrito de Milange na província da Zambézia, a leste com o distrito de Cuamba e a Oeste com o Malawi por Lagos Chirua e Chiuta. O distrito de Mecanhelas possui uma área de 5 029 km2 e uma população de 343 mil habitantes. O Distrito de Metarica, que também é abrangido pelo projecto, localiza-se no sul da província de Niassae é limitado a norte pelo distrito de Maúa, ao sul pelo distrito de Cuamba, a leste pelo distrito de Malema e a Oeste pelo distrito de Mandimba. O distrito de Metarica tem uma área geográfica de 4 877 km2 e uma população de 89 mil habitantes. A agricultura é uma actividade dominante baseada nos pequenos agricultores. Mapa da localização do projecto, Distrito de Cuamba, Mecanhelas e Metarica Província do Niassa em Moçambique Estudo de Impacto Ambiental e Social para a reabilitação das Estradas Cuamba-Insaca e Cuamba –Metarica iii Projecto de Conectividade Rodoviária e Comércio Regional da África Austral para o Corredor de Nacala 4 Descrição do Projecto 4.1 Justificação e Objectivos do Projecto O Malawi e Moçambique solicitaram o apoio do BM através do Projecto de Conectividade Rodoviária e Comércio na África Austral para reduzir os custos comerciais bem como, reduzir os custos de transporte e aumentar acima de tudo o investimento privado. Este projecto apoia o potencial de Moçambique de se tornar um centro de comércio e logística na região. Fortalecendo também a rede de transportes e o comércio no Malawi, que é uma prioridade importante para um país sem litoral que enfrenta numerosos desafios para diversificar as suas exportações e integrar-se na economia regional e global. As estradas R720: Cuamba – Insaca e N360: Cuamba – Metarica, fazem parte da rede de estradas importantes no contexto do Projecto de Comércio Regional proposto para o Desenvolvimento do Corredor de Nacala, cujo foco será inicialmente o Malawi e Moçambique (e pode incluir mais tarde a Zâmbia), uma operação mais avançada no próximo Plano de Negócios Regional do Programa Acelerado de Integração Económica (PAIE) envolvidos os governos de Malawi, Moçambique e Zâmbia para o desenvolvimento do Corredor de Nacala, e oferece uma oportunidade para colocar em prática uma “infra-estrutura” de integração regional na África Austral.
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