DOCSLIB.ORG

N13: Madimba-Cuamba-Lichinga, Niassa Province, Mozambique - Resettlement Action Plan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
N13: Madimba-Cuamba-Lichinga, Niassa Province, Mozambique - Resettlement Action Plan 1 N13: MADIMBA-CUAMBA-LICHINGA, NIASSA PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE - RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN N13: MADIMBA-CUAMBA-LICHINGA, NIASSA PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE - RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 N13: MADIMBA-CUAMBA-LICHINGA, NIASSA PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE - RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................................... 1 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................................. 4 DEFINITION OF TERMS USED IN THE REPORT ........................................................................... 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................... 8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................... 8 1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION .......................................................................................................... 12 1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................. 12 1.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT SITE ............................................................................................. 12 1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN ..................................................................... 13 1.4 METHODOLOGY FOR PREPARATION OF THE RAP .......................................................................... 13 1.4.1 PRELIMINARY DISCUSSIONS AND LITERATURE GATHERING ....................................................... 13 1.4.2 PRELIMINARY FIELD INVESTIGATIONS ........................................................................................ 14 1.4.3 Consultations with the stakeholders and PAPs .................................................................. 14 1.4.4 Site investigations .............................................................................................................. 15 1.4.5 Socioeconomic Study ......................................................................................................... 15 1.5 CONSTRAINTS AND LIMITATIONS TO THE PREPARATION OF THE RAP ......................................... 16 2.0 DETAILS OF THE AFFECTED AREA...................................................................................... 17 2.1 PROJECT ZONE OF IMPACT ........................................................................................................... 17 2.2 POPULATION ................................................................................................................................ 18 2.3 FLORA AND FAUNA ...................................................................................................................... 18 2.4 LAND ADMINISTRATION AND LAND TENURE ................................................................................ 18 2.5 LAND USES .................................................................................................................................. 18 2.6 SOURCES OF LIVELIHOOD AND LIVING STANDARDS .................................................................... 19 2.7 HOUSEHOLD ORGANIZATION, COMMUNITY STRUCTURES AND PATTERNS OF SOCIAL INTERACTION ......................................................................................................................................... 19 3.0 AFFECTED PERSONS AND PROPERTY ................................................................................ 20 3.1 AFFECTED PERSONS ..................................................................................................................... 20 3.2 VULNERABLE GROUPS ................................................................................................................. 20 3.3 AFFECTED PROPERTY ................................................................................................................... 20 3.3.1 Affected Buildings and Structures ...................................................................................... 20 3.3.2 Affected Farm Land and Compounds ................................................................................ 21 3.3.3 Affected Trees .................................................................................................................... 21 3.3.4 Affected Graves .................................................................................................................. 21 4.0 MECHANISMS TO MINIMIZE LOSS OF ASSETS AND LIVELIHOODS ......................... 22 4.1 ISSUES RAISED BY THE PAPS AND WAYS TO ADDRESS THEM ..................................................... 22 4.2 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS TO MINIMIZE LOSS OF ASSETS AND LIVELIHOODS .......................... 24 4.3 LEGAL, POLICY AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK .................................................................. 24 4.3.1 National Laws, Legislation and Policies ........................................................................... 24 4.3.2 National Administrative Framework ................................................................................. 25 4.3.3 International Policies and Guidelines ............................................................................... 26 4.3.4 Discrepancies with international good practice requirements for resettlement and compensation ................................................................................................................................... 28 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3 N13: MADIMBA-CUAMBA-LICHINGA, NIASSA PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE - RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN 4.4 ELIGIBILITY FOR COMPENSATION ................................................................................................ 38 4.5 VALUATION OF ASSETS AND COMPENSATION FOR LOSSES .......................................................... 40 4.5.1 Valuation of Physical Assets .............................................................................................. 40 4.5.2 Cost and Consolation for Relocation of Affected Graves .................................................. 40 4.5.3 Valuation for Fruit, Plantation and Indigenous Trees ....................................................... 40 4.5.4 Cost for Gardens and farmland ......................................................................................... 40 4.6 COMPENSATION AND RELOCATION MEASURES ....................................................................... 41 4.7 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT .................................................................... 41 4.8 COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ....................................................................................................... 42 5.0 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ............................................................................................. 42 5.1 UPDATING INFORMATION OF THE AFFECTED PERSONS AND ASSETS ............................................ 42 5.2 GRIEVANCE REDRESS PROCEDURES ............................................................................................. 42 5.3 INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RAP ...................................... 44 5.4 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ...................................................................................................... 46 5.4.1 Elements of the Implementation Schedule ......................................................................... 46 5.4.2 Time Frames ...................................................................................................................... 47 5.4.3 Linking Resettlement Implementation to Civil Works ........................................................ 47 6.0 MONITORING AND EVALUATION ......................................................................................... 50 7.0 COST FOR THE RAP ................................................................................................................... 55 7.1 COST SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... 55 7.2 COMPENSATION FOR THE AFFECTED BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES .............................................. 55 7.3 ASSISTANCE TOWARDS OPENING OF NEW GARDENS ..................................................................... 55 7.4 COSTS FOR EXHUMATION AND CONSOLATION FOR AFFECTED GRAVES ......................................... 55 7.5 DISTURBANCE ALLOWANCE ......................................................................................................... 55 7.6 ALLOWANCE FOR VULNERABLE GROUPS ..................................................................................... 56 7.7 COMPENSATION FOR LOSS OF INCOME ......................................................................................... 56 8.0 CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................... 57 9.0 RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................... 59 APPENDICES .......................................................................................................................................... 60 APPENDIX 7.1 AFFECTED HOUSES ..................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Human-Elephant Conflict and Community Development in Niassa Province, Mozambique
    Human-Elephant Conflict and Community Development in Niassa Province, Mozambique Report on Field Training and Implementation of Community-based Crop Protection Methods, Matchedje Village, Sanga District, Niassa Province Consultancy for WWF/SARPO August 2002 G.E. Parker S.G. Anstey Mid-Zambezi Elephant Project 37 Lewisam Avenue Chisipite Harare Zimbabwe Field Training in Community-Based Crop Protection MZEP Report to WWF SARPO Table of Contents List of Acronyms…………………………………………………………………………….1 Terms of Reference…………………………………………………………………………..2 Summary……………………………………………………………………………………..3 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………..4 Matchedje Village …………………………………………………………………………...5 Problem Animal Control……………………………………………………………………..8 Training in Community-Based PAC…………………………………………………………9 Monitoring……………………………………………………………………………….….11 Chilli Pepper Crop Demonstration……………………………………………………….....12 Future Actions………………………………………………………………………………13 Recommendations…………………………………………………………………………..14 Appendix 1 - PAC report form……………………………………….…………………….15 Appendix 2 – Trip log……………...……………………………………………………….16 List of Acronyms GOM Government of Mozambique HEC Human-elephant conflict IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature MZEP Mid Zambezi Elephant Project PAC Problem Animal Control PCC Programa Chipanje Chetu PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal SARPO Southern African Regional Programme Office SPFFB Provincial Services for Forestry and Wildlife SGDRN Society for the Management and Development of Niassa Reserve WWF World Wide Fund for Nature 1
    [Show full text]
  • Preparatory Study on Triangular Cooperation Programme For
    No. Ministry of Agriculture Republic of Mozambique Preparatory Study on Triangular Cooperation Programme for Agricultural Development of the African Tropical Savannah among Japan, Brazil and Mozambique (ProSAVANA-JBM) Final Report March 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. A FD JR 10-007 No. Ministry of Agriculture Republic of Mozambique Preparatory Study on Triangular Cooperation Programme for Agricultural Development of the African Tropical Savannah among Japan, Brazil and Mozambique (ProSAVANA-JBM) Final Report March 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. F The exchange rate applied in the Study is US$1.00 = MZN30.2 US$1.00 = BRL1.727 (January, 2010) Preparatory Study on ProSAVANA-JBM SUMMARY 1. Background of the Study In tropical savannah areas located at the north part of Mozambique, there are vast agricultural lands with constant rainfall, and it has potential to expand the agricultural production. However, in these areas, most of agricultural technique is traditional and farmers’ unions are weak. Therefore, it is expected to enhance the agricultural productivity by introducing the modern technique and investment and organizing the farmers’ union. Japan has experience in agricultural development for Cerrado over the past 20 years in Brazil. The Cerrado is now world's leading grain belt. The Government of Japan and Brazil planned the agricultural development support in Africa, and considered the technology transfer of agriculture for Cerrado development to tropical savannah areas in Africa. As the first study area, Mozambique is selected for triangular cooperation of agricultural development. Based on this background, Japanese mission, team leader of Kenzo Oshima, vice president of JICA and Brazilian mission, team leader of Marco Farani, chief director visited Mozambique for 19 days from September 16, 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • Part 4: Regional Development Plan
    PART 4: REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN Chapter 1 Overall Conditions of the Study Area The Study on Upgrading of Nampula – Cuamba Road FINAL REPORT in the Republic of Mozambique November 2007 PART 4: REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN Chapter 1 Overall Conditions of the Study Area 1.1 Existing Conditions of the Study Area The Study area consists of the two provinces of Niassa and Nampula. The total length of the Study road is approximately 350 km. In this chapter, overall conditions of the study area are described in order to prepare a regional development plan and to analyze economic, social and financial viability. The Nacala Corridor, which extends to Malawi through the Nampula and Niassa Provinces of Mozambique from Nacala Port, serves as a trucking route that connects northern agricultural zones with important cities and/or towns. In the rainy season, which is from November to April, the region has a high rainfall ranging from 1,200 to 2,000 mm. As the Study road is an unpaved road, it is frequently impassable during the rainy season, affecting the transportation of crops during this period. Looking at the 3 regions in Mozambique, results of the economic performance study conducted by UNDP over the period under analysis continue to show heavy economic concentration in the southern region of the country, with an average of about 47% of real production as can be seen in Figure 1.1.1. Within the southern region, Maputo City stands out with a contribution in real terms of about 20.8%. The central region follows, with a contribution of 32%, and finally, the northern region with only 21% of national production.
    [Show full text]
  • Projectos De Energias Renováveis Recursos Hídrico E Solar
    FUNDO DE ENERGIA Energia para todos para Energia CARTEIRA DE PROJECTOS DE ENERGIAS RENOVÁVEIS RECURSOS HÍDRICO E SOLAR RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS PORTFÓLIO HYDRO AND SOLAR RESOURCES Edition nd 2 2ª Edição July 2019 Julho de 2019 DO POVO DOS ESTADOS UNIDOS NM ISO 9001:2008 FUNDO DE ENERGIA CARTEIRA DE PROJECTOS DE ENERGIAS RENOVÁVEIS RECURSOS HÍDRICO E SOLAR RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS PORTFOLIO HYDRO AND SOLAR RESOURCES FICHA TÉCNICA COLOPHON Título Title Carteira de Projectos de Energias Renováveis - Recurso Renewable Energy Projects Portfolio - Hydro and Solar Hídrico e Solar Resources Redação Drafting Divisão de Estudos e Planificação Studies and Planning Division Coordenação Coordination Edson Uamusse Edson Uamusse Revisão Revision Filipe Mondlane Filipe Mondlane Impressão Printing Leima Impressões Originais, Lda Leima Impressões Originais, Lda Tiragem Print run 300 Exemplares 300 Copies Propriedade Property FUNAE – Fundo de Energia FUNAE – Energy Fund Publicação Publication 2ª Edição 2nd Edition Julho de 2019 July 2019 CARTEIRA DE PROJECTOS DE RENEWABLE ENERGY ENERGIAS RENOVÁVEIS PROJECTS PORTFOLIO RECURSOS HÍDRICO E SOLAR HYDRO AND SOLAR RESOURCES PREFÁCIO PREFACE O acesso universal a energia em 2030 será uma realidade no País, Universal access to energy by 2030 will be reality in this country, mercê do “Programa Nacional de Energia para Todos” lançado por thanks to the “National Energy for All Program” launched by Sua Excia Filipe Jacinto Nyusi, Presidente da República de Moçam- His Excellency Filipe Jacinto Nyusi, President of the
    [Show full text]
  • International Development Association
    FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Report No: PAD2873 Public Disclosure Authorized INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT ON A PROPOSED GRANT IN THE AMOUNT OF SDR 58.6 MILLION (US$82.0 MILLION EQUIVALENT) AND A GRANT Public Disclosure Authorized FROM THE MOZAMBIQUE ENERGY FOR ALL MULTI-DONOR TRUST FUND IN THE AMOUNT OF US$66 MILLION TO THE REPUBLIC OF MOZAMBIQUE FOR THE MOZAMBIQUE ENERGY FOR ALL (ProEnergia) PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized March 7, 2019 Energy and Extractives Global Practice Africa Region This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. Public Disclosure Authorized CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate Effective January 31, 2019) Currency Unit = Mo zambique Metical (MZN) MZN 62.15 = US$1 SDR 0.71392875 = US$1 FISCAL YEAR January 1 - December 31 Regional Vice President: Hafez M. H. Ghanem Country Director: Mark R. Lundell Senior Global Practice Director: Riccardo Puliti Practice Manager: Sudeshna Ghosh Banerjee Task Team Leaders: Zayra Luz Gabriela Romo Mercado, Mariano Salto ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AECF Africa Enterprise Challenge Fund ARAP Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan ARENE Energy Regulatory Authority (Autoridade Reguladora de Energia) BCI Commercial and Investments Bank (Banco Comercial e de Investimentos) BRILHO Energy Africa CAPEX Capital Expenditure CMS Commercial Management System CPF Country Partnership Framework CTM Maputo Thermal Power
    [Show full text]
  • Emergency Appeal Operations Update Mozambique: Floods
    Emergency appeal operations update Mozambique: Floods Emergency appeal n° MDRMZ011 Operations update n° 2 Date Issued: 20 February 2015 Timeframe covered by this update: 22 January – 18 February 2015 Emergency Appeal operation start date: Timeframe: 6 months (End date: 21 July, 2015) 22 January 2015 Appeal budget: CHF 847,607 Appeal coverage: 11% Disaster Relief Emergency Fund (DREF) allocated: CHF 120,000 N° of people being assisted: 15,000 people (3,000 households) Host National Society(ies) presence (n° of volunteers, staff, branches): 250 volunteers, 18 NDRT Staff members Zambezia Provincial Branch and 10 CVM staff members at the Headquarters Red Cross Red Crescent Movement partners actively involved in the operation: Danish Red Cross and Spanish Red Cross. Other partner organizations actively involved in the operation: National Disaster Management Institute (INGC), UN-Habitat, IOM, World Health Organisation, UNICEF, Ministry of Health, COSACA, (CONCERN, CARE, Save the Children) KUKUMI, ADRA, WFP, World Vision International and other stakeholders. Appeal History: This Emergency Appeal was launched on 22 January for CHF 847,607 for 6 months to support Mozambique Red Cross Society (CVM) provide assistance to 15,000 people (3,000 households) affected by floods. Disaster Relief Emergency Fund (DREF): CHF 120,000 was initially allocated from the Federation’s DREF to support the national society to start up the operations by meeting immediate needs of affected people in Zambezia province. Operation Update no. 1 was issued on 10 February to give progress on the operation. This update provides information regarding the first 30 Kitchen sets for distribution to affected people in Mocuba district of Zambezia province.
    [Show full text]
  • Bds Needs Assessment in Nacala and Beira Corridor
    USAID AgriFUTURO Mozambique Agribusiness and Trade Competitiveness Program Business Development Services Needs Assessment FINAL REPORT June 2010 By: Carlos Fumo (Senior Expert) TABLE OF CONTENTS 0. Note of Thanks .............................................................................................. 3 1. Acronyms and abbreviations.......................................................................... 4 2. General introduction ...................................................................................... 6 2.1. Background and introduction ................................................................. 6 3. Overall objectives of the Assessment ............................................................ 7 4. Deliverables ................................................................................................... 8 5. Methodology .................................................................................................. 8 5.1. Secondary Research .................................................................................. 9 5.2. Primary Research ................................................................................... 9 5.3. Data analysis and report writing ........................................................... 11 5.4. Sampling ............................................................................................... 11 6. The needs assessment process .................................................................. 13 7. The limitations of the study .........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Livelihood Interactions Between Northern Mozambique and Southern Malawi
    NEIGHBOURS IN DEVELOPMENT: Livelihood Interactions between Northern Mozambique and Southern Malawi A report for DFID by Martin Whiteside With case studies by Donata Saiti, Guilherme Chaliane and the Women’s Border Area Development Programme January 2002 Martin Whiteside – Environment & Development Consultant Hillside, Claypits lane, Lypiatt, Stroud, Glos., UK. GL6 7LU Tel: 44 (0) 1453-757874. Email: [email protected] With: Research Based Consultantcies This study was funded by the Department for International Development (DFID), however the report does not necessarily reflect the official views of the British Government. SARPN gratefully acknowledges permission from DFID to post this report on our web. Neighbours in Development: Livelihood Interactions between Southern Malawi and Northern Mozambique 1 CONTENTS GLOSSARY...................................................................................................................................3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.........................................................................................................4 RECOMMENDATIONS ...........................................................................................................12 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................15 1.1 OVERALL SITUATION ....................................................................................................15 1.2 BACKGROUND ...............................................................................................................15
    [Show full text]
  • A Qualitative Study on the Role and Perception of Different Actors on Malaria Social Behaviour Change
    de Sousa Pinto da Fonseca et al. Malar J (2020) 19:420 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03485-1 Malaria Journal RESEARCH Open Access Are we interconnected? A qualitative study on the role and perception of diferent actors on malaria social behaviour change interventions in rural Mozambique Liliana de Sousa Pinto da Fonseca1* , Jorge A. H. Arroz2, Maria do Rosário O Martins3 and Zulmira Hartz3 Abstract Background: Interconnecting institutions (health and education sector) and community (through a network of community structures) in social and behaviour change (SBC) activities can add value in an efort for malaria preven- tion towards a long-term objective of elimination. This approach has been implemented since 2011 in some rural districts of Mozambique. The objective of this study is to describe the perceptions of community and institutional actors on malaria prevention interventions in rural Mozambique. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study with a constructivist research paradigm was conducted in October 2018 in two rural districts of Zambezia Province with high malaria burden in Mozambique. Key-informant sampling was used to select the study participants from diferent actors and layers: malaria community volunteers, health professionals, non-governmental actors, and education professionals. In-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) were used to explore the perceptions of these actors. Classic content analysis looking for themes and semantics was used, and saturation guided the sample size recruitment. Results: A total of 23 institutional actor IDIs took place, and 8 FGDs were held. Four themes emerged from the content analysis: (1) organizational and functional aspects; (2) knowledge about malaria; (3) perception of institutional actors on SBC and community involvement; and, (4) perception of institutional actors on the coordination and leader- ship on SBC malaria interventions.
    [Show full text]
  • Attitudes to Maize As a Cash Crop
    Enhancing the Role of Informal Maize Imports in Malawi Food Security Annex 4 A Case Study Of Informal Cross Border Maize Trade MOZAMBIQUE SUB-COMPONENT A report for DFID-Malawi By Martin Whiteside and Armindo dos Santos Almeida (Manel) November 2003 CONTENTS 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 3 2. Attitudes to maize as a cash crop ................................................................................................ 3 3. Probable Impact of Mozambique Leaf Tobacco (MLT) concession in Tete Province ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 4. Production consumption and trade estimates ...................................................................... 5 5. Transaction costs of trade from Tete to Malawi ................................................................. 6 6. Tete Province Frontier Experiences .......................................................................................... 7 7. Production and trade from Zambezia Province ................................................................... 8 8. Southern Niassa-Malawi Border ............................................................................................... 11 9. Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................... 12 Abbreviations
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    The World Bank Report No: ISR16780 Implementation Status & Results Mozambique MZ - Spatial Development Planning Technical Assistance Project (P121398) Operation Name: MZ - Spatial Development Planning Technical Assistance Project Stage: Implementation Seq.No: 8 Status: ARCHIVED Archive Date: 01-Dec-2014 Project (P121398) Public Disclosure Authorized Country: Mozambique Approval FY: 2011 Product Line:IBRD/IDA Region: AFRICA Lending Instrument: Technical Assistance Loan Implementing Agency(ies): Key Dates Public Disclosure Copy Board Approval Date 30-Sep-2010 Original Closing Date 31-Dec-2015 Planned Mid Term Review Date 31-Mar-2014 Last Archived ISR Date 30-May-2014 Effectiveness Date 15-Feb-2011 Revised Closing Date 31-Dec-2015 Actual Mid Term Review Date 30-Apr-2014 Project Development Objectives Project Development Objective (from Project Appraisal Document) To improve national social and economic development planning through the introduction, institutionalization and mainstreaming of multi-sectorial spatial development planning methodologies and practices. Has the Project Development Objective been changed since Board Approval of the Project? Public Disclosure Authorized Yes No Component(s) Component Name Component Cost Institutional and capacity development component 6.27 Spatial development initiative component 5.68 Overall Ratings Previous Rating Current Rating Progress towards achievement of PDO Moderately Unsatisfactory Moderately Unsatisfactory Overall Implementation Progress (IP) Moderately Unsatisfactory Moderately Satisfactory Overall Risk Rating Public Disclosure Authorized Implementation Status Overview - A Mid Term Review was carried out in April 2014, and was followed by a Level Two project Restructuring, scaling down project activities to those activities that can be completed by December 2015, and adjusting the project results framework accordingly. In addition, approx. $8 million were canceled, with remaining funds totaling US$10.77 million.
    [Show full text]
  • Open Dissertation Final - Luis Sevilla.Pdf
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of Agricultural Sciences SOCIAL NETWORKS AND THE EXCHANGE ECONOMY IN RURAL MOZAMBIQUE: A STUDY OF OFF-FARM LABOR AND CROP MARKETING BEHAVIORS A Dissertation in Agricultural, Environmental and Regional Economics & Demography by Luis Sevilla © 2013 Luis Sevilla Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2013 The dissertation of Luis Sevilla was reviewed and approved* by the following: Jill L. Findeis Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Agricultural, Environmental and Regional Economics & Demography Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee David Abler Professor of Agricultural, Environmental and Regional Economics & Demography Stephan Goetz Professor of Agricultural, Environmental and Regional Economics & Demography Gary King Professor of Biobehavioral Health Rhonda BeLue Associate Professor of Health Policy and Administration Ann Tickamyer Professor and Head of Department of Agricultural Economics, Sociology, and Education *Signatures on file in the Graduate School. ii ABSTRACT Of the 3 billion living in rural areas in less developed regions of the world, approximately 1.2 billion people live in extreme poverty (The Economist, 2013; World Bank, 2013), and 70% of the 1.2 billion people have some dependency on agriculture (Cleaver, 2012). In sub-Saharan Africa, 47% of the population lives in extreme poverty (United Nations, 2012), 66% of the total population lives in rural areas, and more than 90% depend on agriculture for their livelihoods (Asfaw et al., 2010). Unfortunately, subsistence agriculture operates as a safety net for the poor population rather than as a driver of economic growth (World Bank, 2005). To combat extreme poverty, greater economic growth and income equality will be required (Chandy et al., 2013) and this may be achieved through poverty reduction strategies that target the productivity, profitability, and sustainability of poor farm households (Asfaw et al., 2010).
    [Show full text]