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View the 2020 Index Index A Abruptio placentae, 640 for osteoarthritis, 466 Acid phosphatase in neutrophils, 406 A-a gradient cocaine use, 614 toxicity effects, 485 Acid reflux by age, 668 preeclampsia, 643 toxicity treatment for, 248 H2 blockers for, 399 with oxygen deprivation, 669 Abscesses, 479 Acetazolamide, 252, 552, 608 proton pump inhibitors for, 399 restrictive lung disease, 675 acute inflammation and, 214 pseudotumor cerebri, 521 Acid suppression therapy, 398 Abacavir, 203 brain, 156, 177, 180 Acetoacetate metabolism, 90 Acinetobacter baumannii Abciximab calcification with, 211 Acetone breath, 347 highly resistant bacteria, 198 Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, cold staphylococcal, 116 Acetylation nosocomial infections, 142 438 frontal lobe, 153 chromatin, 34 Acinetobacter spp therapeutic antibodies, 122 Klebsiella spp, 145 drug metabolism, 232 nosocomial infections, 185 thrombogenesis and, 411 liver, 155, 179 histones, 34 Acne, 475, 477 Abdominal aorta lung, 685 posttranslation, 45 danazol, 658 atherosclerosis in, 302 necrosis with, 209 Acetylcholine (ACh) tetracyclines for, 192 bifurcation of, 663 Staphylococcus aureus, 135 anticholinesterase effect on, 240 Acquired hydrocele (scrotal), 652 branches, 363 Toxoplasma gondii, 177 change with disease, 495 Acrodermatitis enteropathica, 71 Abdominal aortic aneurysm, 302 treatment of lung, 192 Clostridium botulinum inhibition Acromegaly, 339 Abdominal pain in unvaccinated children, 186 of release, 138 carpal tunnel syndrome, 459 bacterial peritonitis, 390 Absence seizures opioid analgesics, 551 GH, 329 Budd-Chiari syndrome, 392 characteristics of, 517 pacemaker action potential and, octreotide for, 400 diabetic ketoacidosis and, 347 drug therapy for, 544 292 somatostatin analogs for, 328 ectopic pregnancy, 641 Absolute risk reduction (ARR), 258 Acetylcholine (ACh) receptor Actin Henoch-Schönlein purpura, 315 AB toxin, 132 agonists, 551 cytoskeleton, 48 hypercalcemia, 591 Abuse Acetylcholine receptors, 228, 236 muscular dystrophies, 61 hyperparathyroidism, 345 child, 269, 556 Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Acting out, 554 intussusception, 385 intimate partner violence, 269 in amniotic fluid, 491 Actinic keratosis, 482 irritable bowel syndrome, 383 Acalculia, 511 malathion and, 200 squamous cell carcinoma, 484 Meckel diverticulum, 618 Acalculous cholecystitis, 396 neural tube defects and, 491 Actinomyces israelii Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) pancreas divisum, 360 Acanthocytes, 414 culture requirements of, 127 Acantholysis, 475, 480 inhibitors pancreatic cancer, 398 oral infections, 186 Acanthosis, 475 naming convention for, 253 polyarteritis nodosa, 314 pigment production, 128 psoriasis, 477 for neuromuscular junction porphyria, 425 Actinomyces spp Acanthosis nigricans, 228, 482 disease, 472 postprandial, 363 effects and treatment of, 139 stomach cancer, 379 toxicity treatment for, 248 RLQ pain, 384 penicillin G/V for, 187 Acarbose, 353 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase RUQ pain, 396 Action/willpower stage, substance Abdominal wall Accessory nerve (CN XI), 506 fatty acid synthesis, 73 addiction, 568 anatomy, 369 arm abduction, 446 vitamin B and, 68 7 Activated carrier molecules and inguinal hernias, 369 lesion of, 532 Achalasia, 376 form, 75 ventral defects, 358 Accessory pancreatic duct, 360, 368 esophageal cancer and, 378 Active errors, 274 Abducens nerve (CN VI), 506 Accommodation, eye, 506, 535 LES tone in, 371 Active immunity, 110 ocular motility, 540 Accuracy (validity), 259 Achilles reflex, 510 palsy, 541 Acebutolol, 245, 319 Achilles tendon xanthomas, 301 Acute chest syndrome, 422 Abduction ACE inhibitors, 610 Achlorhydria Acute cholestatic hepatitis arm, 446 acute coronary syndromes, 307 stomach cancer, 379 drug reactions and, 249 hand, 450 C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency, VIPomas, 371 macrolides, 193 hip, 451, 453 107 Achondroplasia, 462 Acute coronary syndrome passive, abnormal, 454 dilated cardiomyopathy, 308 chromosome disorder, 64 ADP receptor inhibitors for, 437 Abductor digiti minimi muscle, 450 dry cough, 251 endochondral ossification in, 458 heparin for, 436 Abductor pollicis brevis muscle, 450 heart failure, 309 inheritance, 60 nitrates for, 318 Abetalipoproteinemia, 94, 414 hypertension, 316 Acid-base physiology, 592 treatments for, 307 Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) naming convention for, 253 Acid-fast oocysts, 177 Acute cystitis, 594, 600 non-structural causes (COEIN), preload/afterload effects, 284 Acid-fast organisms, 125, 155 Acute disseminated (postinfectious) 633 teratogenicity, 614 Acidic amino acids, 81 encephalomyelitis, 524 structural causes (PALM), 633 Acetaldehyde, 72 Acid maltase, 86 Acute dystonia, 569 ABO blood classification, 405 Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, 72 Acidosis, 592 treatment of, 241 hemolytic disease of the newborn, Acetaminophen, 485 acidemia diuretic effect on, 609 Acute gastritis, 379 405 vs aspirin for pediatric patients, cardiac contractility in, 284 Acute hemolytic transfusion Abortion 485 hyperkalemia with, 590 reactions, 114 ethical situations, 268 free radical injury and, 210 metabolic, 85, 349 Acute hemorrhagic cystitis, 164 methotrexate for, 440 hepatic necrosis from, 249 renal tubular, 592 Acute inflammation, 214 © First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 750 INDEX Acute inflammatory demyelinating Adenomas secretion of, 327 ALA dehydratase, 419, 425 polyradiculopathy, 524 bone, 464 signaling pathways of, 337 Alanine Acute intermittent porphyria, 425 colorectal, 389 Adrenoleukodystrophy, 47, 524 ammonia transport, 82 Acute interstitial nephritis, 601 nomenclature for, 220 Adults gluconeogenesis in starvation, 91 Acute kidney injury, 601 salivary gland, 376 common causes of death, 272 pyruvate dehydrogenase complex Acute laryngotracheobronchitis, thyroid, 342 primary brain tumors, 526 deficiency, 77 170 Adenomatous colonic polyps, 387 Adult T-cell leukemia, 226 Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), 77 Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), Adenomyosis (endometrial), 648 Adult T-cell lymphoma, 430 hepatitis viruses, 172 432 uterine bleeding from, 633 Advance directives, 266 in liver damage, 390 methotrexate for, 440 Adenopathy Aedes mosquitoes toxic shock syndrome, 135 oncogenes and, 224 Kawasaki disease, 314 yellow fever transmission, 168 Alar plate, 490 Acute mesenteric ischemia, 386 Adenosine Aerobes, 126 Albendazole Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), as antiarrhythmic drug, 324 Aerobic metabolism cestodes, 160 432 blood flow regulation, 297 ATP production, 74 Albinism, 476 chromosomal translocations, 434 pacemaker action potential and, 292 fed state, 91 locus heterogeneity, 57 cytarabine for, 440 Adenosine deaminase deficiency, vitamin B1 (thiamine), 66 ocular, 61 myelodysplastic syndromes, 432 37, 117 Aerobic organisms Albumin, 213 Acute pancreatitis, 397 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) culture requirements, 126 calcium and, 333 hyperparathyroidism, 345 electron transport chain, 78 Afferent arteriole, 580 as liver marker, 390 necrosis and, 209 production of, 74, 78 ANP/BNP effect on, 588 Albuminocytologic dissociation Acute pericarditis, 313 in TCA cycle, 77 constriction of, 583 (CSF), 524 Acute-phase proteins, 108, 213 in urea cycle, 82 Afferent nerves, 296 Albuterol, 242 Acute-phase reactants, 213 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Aflatoxins, 153 asthma, 687 IL-6, 108 synthase inhibitors, 78 as carcinogen, 225 Alcohol dehydrogenase, 72 Acute poststreptococcal Adenoviruses AFP, 117, 653 Alcohol exposure glomerulonephritis, 596 characteristics of, 164 African sleeping sickness, 156 in utero, 300 Acute promyelocytic leukemia conjunctivitis, 534 Afterload Alcoholic cirrhosis, 391 vitamin A for, 66 pneumonia, 683 cardiac output, 284 cholelithiasis and, 396 Acute pulmonary edema Adherens junctions, 474 hydralazine, 318 Alcoholic hepatitis, 391 opioid analgesics, 551 Adhesions, 386 in shock, 310 Alcoholic liver disease, 391 Acute pyelonephritis, 600 Adipose lipolysis, 320 Agammaglobulinemia Alcoholism, 145 WBC casts in, 594 Adipose tissue chromosome affected, 64 anemia, 420 Acute respiratory distress syndrome estrogen production, 630 Agars (bacterial culture), 126 cataracts and, 535 (ARDS), 678 in starvation, 91 Agenesis, 613 cirrhosis and, 389 eclampsia and, 643 Adjustment disorder, 564 Müllerian, 622 common organisms affecting, 179 Acute stress disorder, 564 Adnexal (ovarian) torsion, 625 uterovaginal, 639 esophageal cancer, 378 Acute transplant rejection, 119 Adoption studies, 256 Age-related amyloidosis, 212 ethanol metabolism and, 72 Acute tubular necrosis, 602 ADPKD (Autosomal dominant Age-related macular degeneration folate deficiency, 420 Acyclovir, 201 polycystic kidney disease) (ARMD), 536 gastritis in, 379 Adalimumab, 122, 487 saccular aneurysms and, 516 Aging changes, 270 hepatitis, 367 for Crohn disease, 382 ADP receptor inhibitors, 437 Agnosia, 511 hypertension and, 300 Adaptive immunity, 99 ADP ribosyltransferases, 132 Agonists ketone bodies in, 90 Addiction, stages of change in Adrenal adenomas indirect cholinomimetic, 234 Korsakoff syndrome, 558 overcoming, 568 Cushing syndrome, 348 indirect general, 242 liver serum markers in, 390 Addison disease, 349 hyperaldosteronism, 349 indirect sympathomimetics, 242 magnesium levels in, 332 HLA subtype association, 100 Adrenal carcinomas partial, 234 Mallory-Weiss syndrome in, 377 Additive effect Li-Fraumeni syndrome, 224 potency and efficacy, 234 osteonecrosis in, 463 of drugs, 235 P-glycoprotein in, 227 Agoraphobia, 563 pancreatitis, 249, 397 Adduction Adrenal cortex, 327 Agranulocytosis, 573 porphyria, 425 arm (rotator cuff), 446 progesterone production, 630 drug reaction and, 250 sideroblastic anemia, 419 hand,
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