DOCSLIB.ORG

View the 2020 Index

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Index A Abruptio placentae, 640 for osteoarthritis, 466 Acid phosphatase in neutrophils, 406 A-a gradient cocaine use, 614 toxicity effects, 485 Acid reflux by age, 668 preeclampsia, 643 toxicity treatment for, 248 H2 blockers for, 399 with oxygen deprivation, 669 Abscesses, 479 Acetazolamide, 252, 552, 608 proton pump inhibitors for, 399 restrictive lung disease, 675 acute inflammation and, 214 pseudotumor cerebri, 521 Acid suppression therapy, 398 Abacavir, 203 brain, 156, 177, 180 Acetoacetate metabolism, 90 Acinetobacter baumannii Abciximab calcification with, 211 Acetone breath, 347 highly resistant bacteria, 198 Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, cold staphylococcal, 116 Acetylation nosocomial infections, 142 438 frontal lobe, 153 chromatin, 34 Acinetobacter spp therapeutic antibodies, 122 Klebsiella spp, 145 drug metabolism, 232 nosocomial infections, 185 thrombogenesis and, 411 liver, 155, 179 histones, 34 Acne, 475, 477 Abdominal aorta lung, 685 posttranslation, 45 danazol, 658 atherosclerosis in, 302 necrosis with, 209 Acetylcholine (ACh) tetracyclines for, 192 bifurcation of, 663 Staphylococcus aureus, 135 anticholinesterase effect on, 240 Acquired hydrocele (scrotal), 652 branches, 363 Toxoplasma gondii, 177 change with disease, 495 Acrodermatitis enteropathica, 71 Abdominal aortic aneurysm, 302 treatment of lung, 192 Clostridium botulinum inhibition Acromegaly, 339 Abdominal pain in unvaccinated children, 186 of release, 138 carpal tunnel syndrome, 459 bacterial peritonitis, 390 Absence seizures opioid analgesics, 551 GH, 329 Budd-Chiari syndrome, 392 characteristics of, 517 pacemaker action potential and, octreotide for, 400 diabetic ketoacidosis and, 347 drug therapy for, 544 292 somatostatin analogs for, 328 ectopic pregnancy, 641 Absolute risk reduction (ARR), 258 Acetylcholine (ACh) receptor Actin Henoch-Schönlein purpura, 315 AB toxin, 132 agonists, 551 cytoskeleton, 48 hypercalcemia, 591 Abuse Acetylcholine receptors, 228, 236 muscular dystrophies, 61 hyperparathyroidism, 345 child, 269, 556 Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Acting out, 554 intussusception, 385 intimate partner violence, 269 in amniotic fluid, 491 Actinic keratosis, 482 irritable bowel syndrome, 383 Acalculia, 511 malathion and, 200 squamous cell carcinoma, 484 Meckel diverticulum, 618 Acalculous cholecystitis, 396 neural tube defects and, 491 Actinomyces israelii Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) pancreas divisum, 360 Acanthocytes, 414 culture requirements of, 127 Acantholysis, 475, 480 inhibitors pancreatic cancer, 398 oral infections, 186 Acanthosis, 475 naming convention for, 253 polyarteritis nodosa, 314 pigment production, 128 psoriasis, 477 for neuromuscular junction porphyria, 425 Actinomyces spp Acanthosis nigricans, 228, 482 disease, 472 postprandial, 363 effects and treatment of, 139 stomach cancer, 379 toxicity treatment for, 248 RLQ pain, 384 penicillin G/V for, 187 Acarbose, 353 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase RUQ pain, 396 Action/willpower stage, substance Abdominal wall Accessory nerve (CN XI), 506 fatty acid synthesis, 73 addiction, 568 anatomy, 369 arm abduction, 446 vitamin B and, 68 7 Activated carrier molecules and inguinal hernias, 369 lesion of, 532 Achalasia, 376 form, 75 ventral defects, 358 Accessory pancreatic duct, 360, 368 esophageal cancer and, 378 Active errors, 274 Abducens nerve (CN VI), 506 Accommodation, eye, 506, 535 LES tone in, 371 Active immunity, 110 ocular motility, 540 Accuracy (validity), 259 Achilles reflex, 510 palsy, 541 Acebutolol, 245, 319 Achilles tendon xanthomas, 301 Acute chest syndrome, 422 Abduction ACE inhibitors, 610 Achlorhydria Acute cholestatic hepatitis arm, 446 acute coronary syndromes, 307 stomach cancer, 379 drug reactions and, 249 hand, 450 C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency, VIPomas, 371 macrolides, 193 hip, 451, 453 107 Achondroplasia, 462 Acute coronary syndrome passive, abnormal, 454 dilated cardiomyopathy, 308 chromosome disorder, 64 ADP receptor inhibitors for, 437 Abductor digiti minimi muscle, 450 dry cough, 251 endochondral ossification in, 458 heparin for, 436 Abductor pollicis brevis muscle, 450 heart failure, 309 inheritance, 60 nitrates for, 318 Abetalipoproteinemia, 94, 414 hypertension, 316 Acid-base physiology, 592 treatments for, 307 Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) naming convention for, 253 Acid-fast oocysts, 177 Acute cystitis, 594, 600 non-structural causes (COEIN), preload/afterload effects, 284 Acid-fast organisms, 125, 155 Acute disseminated (postinfectious) 633 teratogenicity, 614 Acidic amino acids, 81 encephalomyelitis, 524 structural causes (PALM), 633 Acetaldehyde, 72 Acid maltase, 86 Acute dystonia, 569 ABO blood classification, 405 Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, 72 Acidosis, 592 treatment of, 241 hemolytic disease of the newborn, Acetaminophen, 485 acidemia diuretic effect on, 609 Acute gastritis, 379 405 vs aspirin for pediatric patients, cardiac contractility in, 284 Acute hemolytic transfusion Abortion 485 hyperkalemia with, 590 reactions, 114 ethical situations, 268 free radical injury and, 210 metabolic, 85, 349 Acute hemorrhagic cystitis, 164 methotrexate for, 440 hepatic necrosis from, 249 renal tubular, 592 Acute inflammation, 214 © First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 750 INDEX Acute inflammatory demyelinating Adenomas secretion of, 327 ALA dehydratase, 419, 425 polyradiculopathy, 524 bone, 464 signaling pathways of, 337 Alanine Acute intermittent porphyria, 425 colorectal, 389 Adrenoleukodystrophy, 47, 524 ammonia transport, 82 Acute interstitial nephritis, 601 nomenclature for, 220 Adults gluconeogenesis in starvation, 91 Acute kidney injury, 601 salivary gland, 376 common causes of death, 272 pyruvate dehydrogenase complex Acute laryngotracheobronchitis, thyroid, 342 primary brain tumors, 526 deficiency, 77 170 Adenomatous colonic polyps, 387 Adult T-cell leukemia, 226 Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), 77 Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), Adenomyosis (endometrial), 648 Adult T-cell lymphoma, 430 hepatitis viruses, 172 432 uterine bleeding from, 633 Advance directives, 266 in liver damage, 390 methotrexate for, 440 Adenopathy Aedes mosquitoes toxic shock syndrome, 135 oncogenes and, 224 Kawasaki disease, 314 yellow fever transmission, 168 Alar plate, 490 Acute mesenteric ischemia, 386 Adenosine Aerobes, 126 Albendazole Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), as antiarrhythmic drug, 324 Aerobic metabolism cestodes, 160 432 blood flow regulation, 297 ATP production, 74 Albinism, 476 chromosomal translocations, 434 pacemaker action potential and, 292 fed state, 91 locus heterogeneity, 57 cytarabine for, 440 Adenosine deaminase deficiency, vitamin B1 (thiamine), 66 ocular, 61 myelodysplastic syndromes, 432 37, 117 Aerobic organisms Albumin, 213 Acute pancreatitis, 397 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) culture requirements, 126 calcium and, 333 hyperparathyroidism, 345 electron transport chain, 78 Afferent arteriole, 580 as liver marker, 390 necrosis and, 209 production of, 74, 78 ANP/BNP effect on, 588 Albuminocytologic dissociation Acute pericarditis, 313 in TCA cycle, 77 constriction of, 583 (CSF), 524 Acute-phase proteins, 108, 213 in urea cycle, 82 Afferent nerves, 296 Albuterol, 242 Acute-phase reactants, 213 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Aflatoxins, 153 asthma, 687 IL-6, 108 synthase inhibitors, 78 as carcinogen, 225 Alcohol dehydrogenase, 72 Acute poststreptococcal Adenoviruses AFP, 117, 653 Alcohol exposure glomerulonephritis, 596 characteristics of, 164 African sleeping sickness, 156 in utero, 300 Acute promyelocytic leukemia conjunctivitis, 534 Afterload Alcoholic cirrhosis, 391 vitamin A for, 66 pneumonia, 683 cardiac output, 284 cholelithiasis and, 396 Acute pulmonary edema Adherens junctions, 474 hydralazine, 318 Alcoholic hepatitis, 391 opioid analgesics, 551 Adhesions, 386 in shock, 310 Alcoholic liver disease, 391 Acute pyelonephritis, 600 Adipose lipolysis, 320 Agammaglobulinemia Alcoholism, 145 WBC casts in, 594 Adipose tissue chromosome affected, 64 anemia, 420 Acute respiratory distress syndrome estrogen production, 630 Agars (bacterial culture), 126 cataracts and, 535 (ARDS), 678 in starvation, 91 Agenesis, 613 cirrhosis and, 389 eclampsia and, 643 Adjustment disorder, 564 Müllerian, 622 common organisms affecting, 179 Acute stress disorder, 564 Adnexal (ovarian) torsion, 625 uterovaginal, 639 esophageal cancer, 378 Acute transplant rejection, 119 Adoption studies, 256 Age-related amyloidosis, 212 ethanol metabolism and, 72 Acute tubular necrosis, 602 ADPKD (Autosomal dominant Age-related macular degeneration folate deficiency, 420 Acyclovir, 201 polycystic kidney disease) (ARMD), 536 gastritis in, 379 Adalimumab, 122, 487 saccular aneurysms and, 516 Aging changes, 270 hepatitis, 367 for Crohn disease, 382 ADP receptor inhibitors, 437 Agnosia, 511 hypertension and, 300 Adaptive immunity, 99 ADP ribosyltransferases, 132 Agonists ketone bodies in, 90 Addiction, stages of change in Adrenal adenomas indirect cholinomimetic, 234 Korsakoff syndrome, 558 overcoming, 568 Cushing syndrome, 348 indirect general, 242 liver serum markers in, 390 Addison disease, 349 hyperaldosteronism, 349 indirect sympathomimetics, 242 magnesium levels in, 332 HLA subtype association, 100 Adrenal carcinomas partial, 234 Mallory-Weiss syndrome in, 377 Additive effect Li-Fraumeni syndrome, 224 potency and efficacy, 234 osteonecrosis in, 463 of drugs, 235 P-glycoprotein in, 227 Agoraphobia, 563 pancreatitis, 249, 397 Adduction Adrenal cortex, 327 Agranulocytosis, 573 porphyria, 425 arm (rotator cuff), 446 progesterone production, 630 drug reaction and, 250 sideroblastic anemia, 419 hand,
Recommended publications

  • Health Hazard Evaluation Report 1983-0019-1562

    r ILi:. llUr I Health Hazard . Evaluation HETA 83-019-1562 I BERLEX LABS. Report WAYNE., NEW JERSEY . "'-':'. ·· J· PREFACE .......~ The Hazard Evaluation~ ·- ~nd .. "rechni cal Assistance Branch of NIOSH conducts field i nyesti gations of possible hea.lth hazards i n the workplace. These investigations ~are conducted ~under the authority of Section 20(a)(6) of the Occupational Safety and.,Heal'ttr Act of 1970 , 29 u ~ s.c. 66~(a)(6) which authorizes t he Secretary of Health·and Human Services, following a written request from any employer of~ au~horized representative of employees, to determine whether any substance normally found in the place of employ~nt has potentiall~ toxic· .effects in such concentrations as used or fotmd. The Hazard Evaluations and Technical Assistance Branch also provides, upon request, medical, nursing, and industrial hygiene technical and consultative assistance (TA) to Federal, state, and local agencies; labor; industry and other groups or individuals to control occupational health hazards and to prevent related trauma and disease. Mention of company nair.es or products does not constitute e ndorsement by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. HETA 83-019-1562 Investigators: SEPTEMBER, 1985 REVISED Raja Igliewicz, RN, MS BERLEX LABS. Michael Schmidt, MD WAYNE, NEW JERSEY Peter Gann, MD 1. SUMMARY In October, 1982, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) received a request to evaluate workers involved in the production of a drug, quinidine gluconate at Berlex Laborateries, Wayne, N.J. These workers had developed work-related skin rashes and respiratory symptoms. Staff from the Occupational Health Program of the New Jersey State Department of Health performed the investigation under a cooperative agreement with NlOSH.
  • X-Ray Interpretation

    X-Ray Interpretation

    Objectives Describe a systematic method for interpretation of chest and abdomen x-rays List findings to accurately identify common X-ray Interpretation pathology in chest & abdomen x-rays Describe a systematic method to approach the Denise Ramponi, DNP, FNP-C, ENP-BC, FAANP, FAEN important components in interpretation of upper & lower extremity x-rays Chest X-ray: Standard Views Lateral Film Postero-anterior (PA): (LAT) view can determine th On inspiration – diaphragm descends to 10 rib the anterior-posterior posteriorly structures along the axis of the body Normal LAT film Counting Ribs AP View - Portable http://www.lumen.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/medicine/pulmonar/cxr/cxr_f.htm When the patient is unable to tolerate routine views with pts sitting or supine No participation from the patient Film is against the patient's back (supine) 1 Consolidation, Atelectasis, Chest radiograph Interstitial involvement Consolidation - any pathologic process that fills the alveoli with Left and right heart fluid, pus, blood, cells or other borders well defined substances Interstitial - involvement of the Both hemidiaphragms supporting tissue of the lung visible to midline parenchyma resulting in fine or coarse reticular opacities Right - higher Atelectasis - collapse of a part of Heart less than 50% of the lung due to a decrease in the amount of air resulting in volume diameter of the chest loss and increased density. Infiltrate, Consolidation vs. Congestive Heart Failure Atelectasis Fluid leaking into interstitium Kerley B 2 Kerley B lines Prominent interstitial markings Kerley lines Magnified CXR Cardiomyopathy & interstitial pulmonary edema Short 1-2 cm white lines at lung periphery horizontal to pleural surface Distended interlobular septa - secondary to interstitial edema.
  • Food Allergy • Higher Prevalence in Children: Many Food Allergic Children Develop Immune Tolerance Background Ctd

    Food Allergy • Higher Prevalence in Children: Many Food Allergic Children Develop Immune Tolerance Background Ctd

    Overview of Food-Related Adverse Reactions ALLSA 2017 Dr Claudia Gray Dr Claudia Gray • MBChB, FRCPCH (London), MSc (Surrey), Dip Allergy (Southampton), DipPaedNutrition(UK), PhD (UCT) • Paediatrician and Allergologist, UCT Lung Institute • Red Cross Children’s Hospital Allergy and Asthma Department • [email protected] Background 1. Food allergies are common: • Infants: 6-10%; children 2-8%, adults 1-2% true food allergy • Higher prevalence in children: many food allergic children develop immune tolerance Background ctd 2. Food allergies are increasing: • Peanut allergy in UK doubled in 1-2 decades: 1.8%. ? Stabilising in some regions Background 3. Spectrum changing: • Multiple food allergies increasing • “Rare” food allergies are increasing e.g. Eosinophilic oesophagitis; FPIES Allergenic Foods • Prevalence of food allergies influenced by geography and diet; egg and milk allergy universally common • Relatively small number of food types cause the majority of reactions: Allergenic Foods Young Children Adults • Cow’s milk • Fin-fish • Hen’s Egg • Shellfish • Wheat • Treenut • Soya • Peanut • Peanut • Fruit and vegetables • Treenut • Sesame • Kiwi • (* persistence likely) Allergenic Foods • A single food allergen can induce a range of allergic reactions e.g. wheat Classification of Adverse reactions to Food Classification of adverse reactions to food Adverse Reaction to food May occur in all Occurs only in some individuals if they eat susceptible sufficient quantity individuals Pharma- Micro- Toxic Food Food (e.g. cological biological scromboid) e.g. e.g food aversion hypersensitivity tyramine poisoning Classification of adverse reactions to food Food Hypersensitivity Non-allergic food Food Allergy hypersensitivity Mixed IgE- Unknown Metabolic IgE- and non Non IgE- e.g.
  • Pulmonary Cancer And/Or GPA? Diagnostic Implications of Pulmonary Nodules

    Pulmonary Cancer And/Or GPA? Diagnostic Implications of Pulmonary Nodules

    Gaceta Médica de México. 2016;152 Contents available at PubMed www.anmm.org.mx PERMANYER Gac Med Mex. 2016;152:468-74 www.permanyer.com GACETA MÉDICA DE MÉXICO ORIGINAL ARTICLE Pulmonary pseucotumor in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). Pulmonary cancer and/or GPA? Diagnostic implications of pulmonary nodules Gabriel Horta-Baas1*, Esteban Meza-Zempoaltecatl2, Mario Pérez-Cristóbal2 and Barile-Fabris Leonor Adriana2 1Rheumatology Department, Hospital General Regional 220, IMSS, Toluca; 2Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico Abstract Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), formerly known as Wegener’s granulomatosis, is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis, which affects small and medium sized blood vessels and is often associated with cytoplasmic anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA). Inflammatory pseudotumor is a rare condition characterized by the appearance of a mass lesion that mimics a malignant tumor both clinically and on imaging studies, but that is thought to have an inflammatory/reactive pathogenesis. We report a patient with a GPA which was originally diagnosed as malignancy. (Gac Med Mex. 2016;152:468-74) Corresponding author: Gabriel Horta-Baas, [email protected] KEY WORDS: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Pseudotumor. Malignancy. Introduction Presentation of the case According to the 2012 revised Chapel Hill classifica- This is the case of a 39-year old male who was tion, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), previously admitted in the hospital presenting with asthenia, gen- known as Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG), is an auto- eral malaise, intermittent fever (3 to 4 times a month), immune systemic disease of unknown etiology, charac- diaphoresis with no time of day predominance and loss terized by necrotizing granulomatous inflammation of the of 10-kg weight in 6 months.
  • Pharmacology/Therapeutics Ii Block 1 Handouts – 2015-16

    Pharmacology/Therapeutics Ii Block 1 Handouts – 2015-16

    PHARMACOLOGY/THERAPEUTICS II BLOCK 1 HANDOUTS – 2015‐16 55. H2 Blockers, PPls – Moorman 56. Palliation of Contipation & Nausea/Vomiting – Kristopaitis 57. On‐Line Only – Principles of Clinical Toxicology – Kennedy 58. Anti‐Parasitic Agents – Johnson Histamine Antagonists and PPIs January 6, 2016 Debra Hoppensteadt Moorman, Ph.D. Histamine Antagonists and PPIs Debra Hoppensteadt Moorman, Ph.D. Office # 64625 Email: [email protected] KEY CONCEPTS AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES . 1 To understand the clinical uses of H2 receptor antagonists. 2 To describe the drug interactions associated with the use of H2 receptor antagonists. 3 To understand the mechanism of action of PPIs 4 To describe the adverse effects and drugs interactions with PPIs 5 To understand when the histamine antagonists and the PPIs are to be used for treatment 6 To describe the drugs used to treat H. pylori infection Drug List: See Summary Table. Histamine Antagonists and PPIs January 6, 2016 Debra Hoppensteadt Moorman, Ph.D. Histamine Antagonists and PPIs I. H2 Receptor Antagonists These drugs reduce gastric acid secretion, and are used to treat peptic ulcer disease and gastric acid hypersecretion. These are remarkably safe drugs, and are now available over the counter. The H2 antagonists are available OTC: 1. Cimetidine (Tagamet®) 2. Famotidine (Pepcid®) 3. Nizatidine (Axid®) 4. Ranitidine (Zantac®) All of these have different structures and, therefore, different side-effects. The H2 antagonists are rapidly and well absorbed after oral administration (bioavailability 50-90%). Peak plasma concentrations are reached in 1-3 hours, and the drugs have a t1/2 of 1-3 hours. H2 antagonists also inhibit stimulated (due to feeding, gastrin, hypoglycemia, vagal) acid secretion and are useful in controlling nocturnal acidity – useful when added to proton pump therapy to control “nocturnal acid breakthrough”.
  • Rhinotillexomania in a Cystic Fibrosis Patient Resulting in Septal Perforation Mark Gelpi1*, Emily N Ahadizadeh1,2, Brian D’Anzaa1 and Kenneth Rodriguez1

    Rhinotillexomania in a Cystic Fibrosis Patient Resulting in Septal Perforation Mark Gelpi1*, Emily N Ahadizadeh1,2, Brian D’Anzaa1 and Kenneth Rodriguez1

    ISSN: 2572-4193 Gelpi et al. J Otolaryngol Rhinol 2018, 4:036 DOI: 10.23937/2572-4193.1510036 Volume 4 | Issue 1 Journal of Open Access Otolaryngology and Rhinology CASE REPORT Rhinotillexomania in a Cystic Fibrosis Patient Resulting in Septal Perforation Mark Gelpi1*, Emily N Ahadizadeh1,2, Brian D’Anzaa1 and Kenneth Rodriguez1 1 Check for University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, USA updates 2Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, USA *Corresponding author: Mark Gelpi, MD, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA, Tel: (216)-844-8433, Fax: (216)-201-4479, E-mail: [email protected] paranasal sinuses [1,4]. Nasal symptoms in CF patients Abstract occur early, manifesting between 5-14 years of age, and Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem disease that can have represent a life-long problem in this population [5]. Pa- significant sinonasal manifestations. Viscous secretions are one of several factors in CF that result in chronic sinona- tients with CF can develop thick nasal secretions con- sal pathology, such as sinusitis, polyposis, congestion, and tributing to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), nasal conges- obstructive crusting. Persistent discomfort and nasal man- tion, nasal polyposis, headaches, and hyposmia [6-8]. ifestations of this disease significantly affect quality of life. Sinonasal symptoms of CF are managed medically with Digital manipulation and removal of crusting by the patient in an attempt to alleviate the discomfort can have unfore- topical agents and antibiotics, however surgery can be seen damaging consequences. We present one such case warranted due to the chronic and refractory nature of and investigate other cases of septal damage secondary to the symptoms, with 20-25% of CF patients undergoing digital trauma, as well as discuss the importance of sinona- sinus surgery in their lifetime [8].
  • Retained Neonatal Reflexes | the Chiropractic Office of Dr

    Retained Neonatal Reflexes | the Chiropractic Office of Dr

    Retained Neonatal Reflexes | The Chiropractic Office of Dr. Bob Apol 12/24/16, 1:56 PM Temper tantrums Hypersensitive to touch, sound, change in visual field Moro Reflex The Moro Reflex is present at 9-12 weeks after conception and is normally fully developed at birth. It is the baby’s “danger signal”. The baby is ill-equipped to determine whether a signal is threatening or not, and will undergo instantaneous arousal. This may be due to sudden unexpected occurrences such as change in head position, noise, sudden movement or change of light or even pain or temperature change. This activates the stress response system of “fight or flight”. If the Moro Reflex is present after 6 months of age, the following signs may be present: Reaction to foods Poor regulation of blood sugar Fatigues easily, if adrenalin stores have been depleted Anxiety Mood swings, tense muscles and tone, inability to accept criticism Hyperactivity Low self-esteem and insecurity Juvenile Suck Reflex This is active together with the “Rooting Reflex” which allows the baby to feed and suck. If this reflex is not sufficiently integrated, the baby will continue to thrust their tongue forward, pushing on the upper jaw and causing an overbite. This by nature affects the jaw and bite position. This may affect: Chewing Difficulties with solid foods Dribbling Rooting Reflex Light touch around the mouth and cheek causes the baby’s head to turn to the stimulation, the mouth to open and tongue extended in preparation for feeding. It is present from birth usually to 4 months.
  • Physical Esxam

    Physical Esxam

    Pearls in the Musculoskeletal Exam Frank Caruso MPS, PA-C, EMT-P Skin, Bones, Hearts & Private Parts 2019 Examination Key Points • Area that needs to be examined, gown your patients - well exposed • Understand normal functional anatomy • Observe normal activity • Palpation • Range of Motion • Strength/neuro-vascular assessment • Special Tests General Exam Musculoskeletal Overview Physical Exam Preview Watch Your Patients Walk!! Inspection • Posture – Erectness – Symmetry – Alignment • Skin and subcutaneous tissues – Swelling – Redness – Masses Inspection • Extremities – Size – Deformities – Enlargement – Alignment – Contour – Symmetry Inspection • Muscles – Bilateral symmetry – Hypertrophy – Atrophy – Fasciculations – Spasms Palpation • Palpate bones, joints, and surrounding muscles for the following: – Heat – Tenderness – Swelling – Fluctuation – Crepitus – Resistance to pressure – Muscle tone Muscles • Size and strength affected by the following: – Genetics – Exercise – Nutrition • Muscles move joints through range of motion (ROM). Muscle Strength • Compare bilateral muscles – Strength – Symmetry – Equality – Resistance End Feel Think About It!! • The sensation the examiner feels in the joint as it reaches the end of the range of motion of each passive movement • Bone to bone: This is hard, unyielding – normal would be elbow extension. • Soft–tissue approximation: yielding compression that stops further movement – elbow and knee flexion. End Feel • Tissue stretch: hard – springy type of movement with a slight give – toward the end of range of motion – most common type of normal end feel : knee extension and metacarpophalangeal joint extension. Abnormal End Feel • Muscle spasm: invoked by movement with a sudden dramatic arrest of movement often accompanied by pain - sudden hard – “vibrant twang” • Capsular: Similar to tissue stretch but it does not occur where one would expect – range of motion usually reduced.
  • Mantke, Peitz, Surgical Ultrasound -- Index

    Mantke, Peitz, Surgical Ultrasound -- Index

    419 Index A esophageal 218 Anorchidism 376 gallbladder 165 Aorta 364–366 A-mode imaging 97 gastric 220 abdominal aneurysm (AAA) AAA (abdominal aortic aneurysm) metastasis 142 20–21, 364, 366 20–21, 364, 366 pancreatic 149, 225 dissection 364, 366 Abdominal wall Adenofibroma, breast 263 perforation 366 abscess 300–301 Adenoma pseudoaneurysm 364 diagnostic evaluation 297 adrenal 214 Aortic rupture 20 hematoma 73, 300, 305 colorectal 231, 232 Aplasia, muscular 272 rectus sheath 297–300 duodenal papilla 229, 231 Appendicitis 1–4 hernia 300, 302–304 gallbladder 165 consequences for surgical indications for sonography 297 hepatic 54, 58, 141 treatment 2 seroma 298, 300, 305 multiple 141 sonographic criteria 1 trauma 297–300 parathyroid 213 Archiving 418 Abortion, tubal 30 renal 241 Arteriosclerosis 346, 348 Abscess thyroid 202–203 carotid artery 335, 337, 338 abdominal wall 300–301 Adenomyomatosis 8, 164, 165 plaque 337, 338, 345, 367, 370 causes 301 Adrenal glands 214–216 Arteriovenous (AV) malformation amebic 138 adenoma 214 139, 293, 326–329 breast 264 carcinoma 214 Artery chest wall 173, 178 cyst 214 carotid 334–339 diverticular 120, 123 hematoma 214 aneurysm 338 drainage 85–88, 93 hemorrhage 214 arteriosclerosis 335 hepatic 6, 138, 398 hyperplasia 214 plaque characteristics inflammatory bowel disease limpoma/myelipoma 214 337, 338, 345 116, 119 metastases 214 bifurcation 334, 337 intramural 5 sonographic criteria 214 bulb 339 lung 183, 186, 190 tuberculosis 214 dissection 338, 339, 346 pancreatic 11 Advanced dynamic flow (ADF) sonographic
  • Intro to Pediatric HCC Module

    Intro to Pediatric HCC Module

    A Message from Mark Baiada BAYADA Home Health Care has a special purpose—to help people have a safe home life with comfort, independence, and dignity. BAYADA will only succeed with your involvement and commitment as a member of our home health care team. I recognize your importance to the organization and appreciate your compassion, excellence, and reliability. I value the skills, expertise, and experience that you bring with you. And, as an organization, BAYADA is committed to providing you with opportunities to help broaden your expertise and experience. Acquiring new skills will allow you to participate in the care of a wider variety of clients. That makes you an increasingly valuable member of our home health care team. Most importantly, our clients benefit when you successfully master new skills that contribute to their safety and well-being. BAYADA University and the School of Nursing courses are designed to help you perfect your knowledge and skill to achieve clinical excellence in the care of clients. I applaud your willingness to continue the journey of life-long learning and wish you continued success in your professional development as an important member of the BAYADA team. Sincerely, Mark Baiada President Table of Contents Welcome ...........................................................................................................................iv Introduction to home care ................................................................................................. 1 Psychosocial ..................................................................................................................
  • International Emergency Medicine a Guide for Clinicians in Resource-Limited Settings

    International Emergency Medicine a Guide for Clinicians in Resource-Limited Settings

    International Emergency Medicine A Guide for Clinicians in Resource-Limited Settings Joseph Becker, MD and Erika Schroeder, MD, MPH Editors-in-Chief Bhakti Hansoti, MBcHB • Gabrielle Jacquet, MD, MPH Navigating this PDF Handbook of International Emergency Medicine Use left mouse button to advance one page. Use right mouse button to go back one page. Editorial Staff Editors-in-Chief “Home” key on keyboard jumps to cover. “End” key on keyboard jumps to last page. Joseph Becker, MD and Erika Schroeder, MD, MPH Associate Editors Navigate to specific chapters using the table of contents. Bhakti Hansoti, MBcHB and Gabrielle Jacquet, MD, MPH Touch “Escape” to exit full-screen mode. Faculty Editors Kris Arnold, MD S.V. Mahadevan, MD Christine Babcock, MD Ian Martin, MD Elizabeth DeVos, MD Stephanie Kayden, MD, MPH Kate Douglass, MD, MPH Matthew Strehlow, MD Linda Druelinger, MD Christian Theodosis, MD, MPH Troy Foster, MD Susan Thompson, DO Disclaimer Simon Kotlyar, MD, MSc David Walker, MD This handbook is intended as a general guide only. While the editors have taken Suzanne Lippert, MD, MS reasonable measures to ensure the accuracy of drug and dosing information used in this guide, the user is encouraged to consult other resources or consultants Authors when necessary to confirm appropriate therapy, side effects, interactions, and Spencer Adoff, MD Mark Goodman, MD contraindications. The publisher, authors, editors, and sponsoring organizations James Ahn, MD Jessica Holly, MD specifically disclaim any liability for any omissions or errors found in this handbook, Lauren Alexander, MD Aaron Hultgren, MD, MPH for appropriate use, or treatment errors. Furthermore, although this handbook is as Maya Arii, MD, MPH Aliasgher Hussain, MD comprehensive as possible, the vast differences in emergency practice settings may Nanaefua Baidoo, MD Masayuki Iyanaga, MD necessitate treatment approaches other than presented here.
  • Histamine Poisoning Fact Sheet

    Histamine Poisoning Fact Sheet

    Histamine Poisoning Fact Sheet What is Histamine? How much histamine is a harmful dose? Scombroid food poisoning is caused by A threshold dose is considered to be 90 mg/100 ingestion of histamine, a product of the g. Although, levels as low as 5-20 mg/ 100 g could degradation of the amino acid histidine. possibly be toxic; particularly in susceptible Histidine can be found freely in the muscles individuals. of some fish species and can be degraded to What are the symptoms? histamine by enzymatic action of some naturally occurring bacteria. Initial symptoms resemble some allergic reactions which include sweating, nausea, headache and tingling or peppery sensation in the mouth and Which types of fish can be implicated? throat. The scombrid fish such as tuna and mackerel are Other symptoms include urticarial rash (hives), traditionally considered to present the highest localised skin inflammation, vomiting, diarrhoea, risk. However, other species have also been abdominal cramps, flushing of the face and low associated with histamine poisoning; e.g. blood pressure. anchovies, sardines, Yellowtail kingfish, Amberjack and Australian salmon, Mahi Mahi and Severe symptoms include blurred vision, severe Escolar. respiratory distress and swelling of the tongue. Which bacteria are involved? What can be done to manage histamine in seafood? A variety of bacterial genera have implicated in the formation of histamine; e.g. Clostridium, • Histamine levels can increase over a wide Morganella, Pseudomonas, Photobacterium, range of storage temperatures. However, Brochothrix and Carnobacterium. histamine production is highest over 21.8 °C. Once the enzyme is present in the fish, it can What outbreaks have occurred? continue to produce histamine at refrigeration temperatures.