Notes on South-East Asian (, Zygaenoidea) with one new genus and eleven new species

Alexey V. Solovyev

Eleven new species of Limacodidae from South-East Asia are described here as new: Barisania honeyi sp. n. from central Myanmar, northern and central Vietnam and central Thailand, Pseudaltha eboris sp. n., from northern Thailand, P. sapa sp. n., from northern Vietnam and northern Thailand, Austrapoda seres sp. n. from China (Chekiang and Shaanxi), Euphlyctinides indi sp. n. from India, E. aeneola sp. n. from northern and western Thailand, Pseudonagoda siniaevi sp. n. from southern Andaman, Atosioides accola sp. n. from western Sumatra and southern Thailand, Pseudidonauton siamica sp. n. from northern Thailand and central Vietnam, P. chihpyh sp. n. from Taiwan and P. vexa sp. n. from central Vietnam and south- eastern Thailand. The genus Atosioides Solovyev is erected here with type-species Atosia rochei Holloway, 1986. Brief morphological reviews of all examined genera are given. All diagnostic features are illustrated. Alexey V. Solovyev, Zoology Department, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University, Ulyanovsk, RUS-432700, Russia. E-mail: [email protected]

Introduction recognition of a new genus, Atosioides Solovyev, This article is devoted to the description and mor- gen. n. with type-species Atosia rochei Holloway, phological review of seven small and poorly known 1986. limacodid genera from South-East Asia: Barisania Holloway, 1990, Pseudaltha Hering, 1931, Austrap- oda Inoue, 1982, Euphlyctinides Hering, 1931, Pseu- Material and methods donagoda Holloway, 1990, Pseudidonauton Hering, The material from the MWM is the basis for this 1931, and Atosioides Solovyev, gen. n. (Figs 1–24). work. Type-material from BMNH, EIHU, and Most of these genera were so far only known after a ZMHB was investigated and additional material few specimens and are considered to be monotypic. from CSI, ISEA, ZFMK, ZISP, and CAS was exam- The morphology of the species from these genera was ined. poorly studied; male genitalia of several species were Genital slides were prepared and stained using the unknown, nor wing venation or other characters. method of Hardwick (1950), the vesica was everted, As a result of the examination of the limacodid col- and the genitalia were mounted on slides with lections in MWM (see abbreviations below) and Euparal. Images of adults were taken with a Nikon BMNH and the private collection of the author Coolpix 5400 E digital camera and the images of (CAS) a few interesting specimens were found genitalia were taken through a MBS-10 binocu- in these genera. In addition, eleven undescribed lar microscope and later re-worked using COREL species were found and one of these lead to the PHOTO PAINT 12 and COREL DRAW 12.

Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 152: 167–183, Figs. 1–54. [ISSN 0040-7496]. http://www.nev.nl/tve © 2009 Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging. Published 1 August 2009. 168 Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, volume 152, 2009

Abbreviations indi Solovyev, sp. n. – north-eastern India BMNH The Natural History Museum; London, aeneola Solovyev, sp. n. – northern and western United Kingdom Thailand. CAS Private collection of Alexey V. Solovyev; Ulyanovsk, Russia (primary types will be Pseudonagoda Holloway, 1990 transferred to MWM) naessigi Holloway, 1990 – Sumatra CSI Private collection of Siegfried Ihle; Ingol- siniaevi Solovyev, sp. n. – southern Andaman stadt, Germany EIHU Hokkaido University; Sapporo, Japan Atosioides Solovyev, gen. n.: GS Genitalia slide rochei Holloway, 1986 – Borneo, Sumatra, Peninsu- ISEA Institute for Systematics and Ecology of lar Malaysia , Siberian department of the Rus- accola Solovyev, sp. n. – western Sumatra, southern sian Academy of Sciences; Russia, Novosi- Thailand birsk MWM Entomologisches Museum Thomas Pseudidonauton Hering, 1931 J. Witt; Munich, Germany (to be trans- admirabile Hering, 1931 – Peninsular Malaysia ferred to the Zoologische Staatssammlung, bhaga Swinhoe, 1901 – Borneo, Peninsular Malay- Munich) sia, Sumatra ZFMK Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und nigribasis Hampson, 1905 – India Museum Alexander Koenig; Bonn, siamica Solovyev, sp. n. – northern Thailand and Germany central Vietnam ZISP Zoological Institute of the Russian Acad- chihpyh Solovyev, sp. n. – Taiwan emy of Sciences; St. Petersburg, Russia vexa Solovyev, sp. n. – central Vietnam and south- ZMHB Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt Uni- eastern Thailand versität; Berlin, Germany | New line on the labels of holotypes Barisania Holloway Barisania Holloway, 1990: 45. Type-species: Parasa lampra Systematic treatment West, 1937, by original designation.

Checklist Composition. Barisania lampra (West, 1937) and Barisania Holloway, 1990 B. honeyi Solovyev, sp. n. lampra West, 1937 – Borneo and Sumatra honeyi Solovyev, sp. n. – central Myanmar, northern The genus occurs in Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, and central Vietnam, northern and central Thai- Sumatra and Borneo and includes middle-sized land limacodids with a forewing length of 13–16 mm and a unique brown-yellow coloration and strongly Pseudaltha Hering, 1931 modified wing pattern (Figs 1–3). A detailed diag- atramentifera Hering, 1931 – India nosis of this genus was given by Holloway (1990: eboris Solovyev, sp. n. – northern Thailand 45). The labial palps are shorter than the head; the sapa Solovyev, sp. n. – northern Vietnam, northern 3rd segment is small. The male antennae are widely Thailand bipectinate in their basal third, distally almost fili- form. The forewings are elongated. The medial stem Austrapoda Inoue, 1982 is well developed, strongly divided medially; the vein dentatus Oberthür, 1879 – Far East Russia, Japan R5 is branched from R3+R4 in the forewing. and Korea The uncus is elongated, without spur. The gnathos = nitobeana Matsumura, 1931 is strongly curved, slender, and elongate. The valvae hepatica Inoue, 1987 – Japan are triangular, with well defined sacculus. The juxta seres Solovyev, sp. n. – China: Chekiang and is flattened, not modified. The aedeagus is tube- Shaanxi shaped, long, with apical process. Females and larvae are unknown. Euphlyctinides Hering, 1931 The genus is easily recognized from other limacodid albifusum Hampson, 1892 – India, Nepal (Yoshi- genera by its large size, brown coloration of the forew- moto 1993: 34, pl. 39: 11 as rava) ing with a large apical yellow area. It could be con- = rava Hering, 1931 fused with Shangrilla Zolotuhin & Solovyev, 2008, Solovyev: South-East Asian Limacodidae 169

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

10 11 12 13

14 15 16 17

18 19 20 21

22 23 24

Figs 1–24. Limacodidae, dorsal habitus. – 1, Barisania lampra, holotype, ?; south-western Sumatra (BMNH); 2, B. honeyi, holotype; 3, B. honeyi, paratype, ?; northern Thailand (MWM); 4, Pseudaltha atramentifera, holotype; 5, P. eboris, holotype; 6, P. sapa, holotype; 7, Austrapoda dentatus, Russia, Far East (MWM); 8, A. hepatica, holotype, ?; Japan, Niigata Pref. (BMNH); 9, A. seres, paratype, ?; China, Chekiang (ZFMK); 10, Euphlyctinides albifu- sum, holotype; 11, E. albifusum, eastern Nepal (MWM); 12, E. indi, holotype; 13, E. aeneola, holotype; 14, Pseu- donagoda naessigi, holotype; 15, P. siniaevi, holotype; 16, Atosioides rochei, holotype, ?; Borneo, Sabah (BMNH); 17, A. accola, holotype; 18, Pseudidonauton admirabile, holotype, ?; Peninsular Malaysia (BMNH); 19, P. bhaga, type, ?; Borneo (BMNH); 20, P. nigribasis, holotype; 21, P. siamica, holotype; 22, P. chihpyh, holotype; 23, P. chihpyh, paratype, /; Taiwan (MWM); 24, P. vexa, holotype. Scale bar: 1 cm. 170 Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, volume 152, 2009

known from Southern China so far, but the apical forewing stalked from R3+R4, medial stem branched yellow area of the forewing of Barisania is wider, and distally (Fig. 25). the outer marginal yellow area is not well defined; Male genitalia (Fig. 32). Uncus broad, triangular, the medial stem in forewing venation is divided in without spur. Gnathos curved under right angle Barisania (Zolotuhin & Solovyev 2008: 99). medially, unpaired distally, very long and narrow. The second species of Barisania Holloway is known Valvae triangular-shaped, right-angled distally, with- from northern and central Thailand, northern Viet- out saccular process, with transverse crest from basal nam and central Myanmar. B. lampra (West, 1937) upper corner of valvae. Juxta lamellar. Aedeagus occurs only on Sumatra and Borneo. Holloway long, slender, slightly curved medially, dorsally and (1990: 45) cited this also for Thailand and Vietnam, ventrally with small apical processes. but most likely this refers to the new species. Both Female. Unknown. species are extremely similar externally, considered allopatric here and defined clearly only by the mor- Diagnosis phology of the male genitalia. The species is externally indistinguishable from Barisania lampra West (Figs 1, 31) but the fringe of Barisania honeyi Solovyev sp. n. the forewing outer margin, contrasting to the adjoin- ing brown field, is usually not brown. The morphol- Figs 2, 3, 25, 32 ogy of male genitalia is most diagnostic; the valvae of B. honeyi are not rounded apically as in B. lampra, Type material. Holotype ?, ‘Thailand | Chang- with well defined corners and an unique transversal wat Chiang Mai | 1 km E of Kop Dong | 1650 m, crest from the basal upper corner. 13.xi.1998 | leg. Tibor Csôvári | & László Mikus | Museum Witt’, ‘Genitalpräparat | Heterocera | Biology Nr. 13.285 | Museum WITT München’, MWM. The flight period is in June, August, September, Paratypes. Thailand, Phayao: 1?, 15 km SE Chi- November and December. The species was collected ang Muan, 640 m, 26.xi.1998, leg. T. Csőváry at altitudes of 320–1650 m. & L. Mikus, MWM); 3?, the same data but 12.viii.1999, MWM (GS 13284); 4?, 15 km W of Distribution Huai Fuang, 740 m, 9.viii.1999, leg. T. Csőváry & Northern and central Thailand, northern Vietnam, L. Mikus, MWM (GS 13283). Thailand, Chiang central Myanmar. Mai: 1?, as holotype, MWM; 1?, Doi Kham, 500 m, 10.vi.2004, leg. Thomas Ihle, CSI. Comments Thailand, Changwat Nan: 1?, 5 km E of Bo Luang, The single specimens from Myanmar and Vietnam 610 m, 23.xi.1998, leg. T. Csôvári & L. Mikus, are not included in the type-series; their male genita- MWM (GS 13282); 1?, Nan to Ban Muang lia are slightly damaged. Rd. km 18.5, 320 m, 25.vii.1990, leg. I.J. Kitching, BMNH (GS 1421). Thailand, Nakhon Nayok: 1?, Etymology Khao Yai Nat. Park, 800 m, 5.ix.1988, M.G. Allen, The species honeyi [a noun in genitive case] is dedi- MWM (GS 13253). cated to Mr. Martin Honey (BMNH; London, United Kingdom) in recognition for his support Additional material. Vietnam, Kon Tum: 1?, during my study of the collection in the Natural Dac Glei, 700 m, 15˚07’N, 107˚42’E, 8.VIII.1996, History Museum in 2005 and 2008. leg. V. Siniaev & E. Afonin, MWM (GS 13254). Myanmar, Sagaing: Waha Sakan, 28 km NNW Pseudaltha Hering Wingon, N.P., 733 m, 22.53308˚N, 94.59678˚E, LF, 27.vi.2005, leg. M. Hoffmann, MWM Pseudaltha Hering, 1931: 681. Type-species: Pseudaltha (GS 13255). atramentifera Hering, 1931, by original designation.

Description Composition. Pseudaltha atramentifera Hering, Male (Figs 2, 3). Expanse 27–33 mm, forewing 1931, P. eboris Solovyev, sp. n., and P. sapa Solovyev, length 13–15 mm. Antennae broadly bipectinate sp. n. in basal third, distally almost filiform. Head, tho- rax and abdomen yellowish-brown. Forewings and The genus is characterized by the whitish colour of hindwings reddish-brown with yellow outer margin. the (Figs 4–6). The male antenna is bipec- Forewing with large apical yellow spot. Vein R5 of tinate with short rami. The forewings have bright Solovyev: South-East Asian Limacodidae 171 zigzag brown basal, antemedial and postmedial fas- Diagnosis ciae, with black streak-like apical and medial strokes. Externally, the species cannot be separated from The forewing venation conforms to the limacodid its congeners. The male genitalia resemble those of ground-plan (Holloway 1986: 50) with sinuous R1, Pseudaltha atramentifera but the lateral parts of the medial stem not branched, vein R5 stalked from juxta are much shorter and wider apically and do not R3+R4. reach the gnathos. From both P. atramentifera and In male genitalia the valvae and juxta are strongly P. sapa. the species is separated by a strongly sclero- modified (Figs 33–35). The uncus bears an api- tized, acute crest running from the lower corner of cal spur. The valvae are very broad proximally and the valvae (Fig. 34, arrowed), not rounded apically narrowed distally, without saccular processes, with as in the other congeners; the aedeagus is distinctly transverse sclerotized crest from tornal angle, with more slender. distinctive costa and supracostal slightly sclerotized rounded part. The juxta is divided into two hook- Biology shaped large processes. The gnathos is long, flattened The single specimen was collected in early June from distally. The aedeagus is small, tube-shaped. The an altitude of 1820 m. The larvae are unknown. females are unknown. The moths are similar externally to Altha Walker, Distribution 1862 and Althonarosa Kawada, 1930 but can be dis- Northern Thailand (Chiang Mai). tinguished by the following characters: in Pseudaltha the forewing has a large apical dark streak, the anten- Etymology nae are evenly bipectinate almost to their tips; in the From Latin “ebur, genitive eboris”, ivory, elephant male genitalia the valvae are strongly divided and the tusk, because of its coloration. juxta has two horn-like lateral processes. Pseudaltha sapa Solovyev, sp. n. Pseudaltha eboris Solovyev, sp. n. Figs 6, 35 Figs 5, 34 Type material. Holotype ?, ‘N. Vietnam | Mt. Fan- Type material. Holotype ?, ‘Thailand | Prov. Chiang si-pan N-Seite | Cha-pa (= Sapa) 1525 m | 22.17’N Mai | Doi Inthanon NP, 39 km | road N of Chom 103.44’E | primär. Urwald 7, 10.vii.1994 | leg. Bre- Thong | 1820 m, 1–3.vi.1998 | leg. Dr. Ronald chlin & Schintlmeister’, ‘Museum Witt’, ‘Genital- Brechlin | Museum Witt”, ‘Genitalpräparat | Het- präparat | Heterocera | Nr. 12943 | Museum WITT erocera | Nr. 12941 | Museum WITT München’, München’ (MWM). MWM. Paratypes. Vietnam, Lao Cai, Mt. Fan-si-pan: 2?, as holotype, MWM; 3?, W-side, Chapa, 22º20’ Description N, 103º40’ E, Sek. Wald, 1600–1800 m, 10.vi– Male (Fig. 5). Expanse 26 mm, forewing length 6.vii.1994, leg. Sinjaev & einh. Sammler, MWM 12 mm. Antenna bipectinate almost to its apex, (GS 12952); 1?, the same data but leg. Schintl- brownish. Body white. Forewings white with medial meister, MWM (GS 12953); 1?, Cha-pa, 1700 m, and apical black strokes; one more blackish streak 22.15º N, 103.46º E, 08–29.v.1993, leg Sinjaev & between apical spot and costa. Medial stroke smaller Simonov, MWM (GS 12954); 1?, the same data than apical. Bright brown zigzag fasciae of forew- but 2400 m, MWM. Thailand, Nan: 1?, 30 km ings indistinct. Apex of abdomen with sparse brown E of Pua, 1700 m, 22–23.ix.1999, leg. A. Szabó & scales. Z. Czere, MWM (GS 12956). Male genitalia (Fig. 34). Uncus well developed, strongly sclerotized apically. Gnathos long, flattened Description apically. Valvae divided into 3 lobes, very broad prox- Male (Fig. 6). Expanse 25–28 mm. Forewing length imally and narrowed apically; costa well developed; 11–13 mm. Antennae bipectinate, brownish. Ground supracostal part rounded; with transverse strongly colour white. Forewings with zigzag brownish basal, sclerotized crest from outer lower angle and rounded antemedial and postmedial fasciae; with medial and outer lower margin. Lateral processes of juxta curved apical large black strokes. Abdomen whitish-ochre. forward, very narrow distally. Aedeagus tube-shaped, Male genitalia (Fig. 35). Uncus well developed, slender, curved basally. apically strongly sclerotized. Gnathos long, flat- Female. Unknown. tened apically. Valvae divided into 3 lobes, very broad proximally and narrowed apically; costa well 172 Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, volume 152, 2009

25 Sc R1 R2 26 R3 R4 R5 M1 M2 M3 CuA1 CuA2 CuP A1+A2 27 28

29 30

Figs 25–30. Forewing venations. – 25, Barisania honeyi, paratype; northern Thailand (MWM); 26, Austrapoda dentatus, Russia, Far East (CAS); 27, Euphlyctinides aeneola northern Thailand (MWM), central Vietnam; 28, Atosia himalayana, central Vietnam (CAS); 29, Atosioides accola, holotype; 30, Pseudidonauton vexa, northern Vietnam (CAS).

developed; supracostal part rounded; with transverse, finger-shaped process of the lower outer margin of undefined apically and not acute crest running from the valva is characteristic; the corner of the tornal tornal angle; lower outer margin with finger-shaped margin is more distinctive and the lateral processes process. Lateral processes of juxta curved forward, of juxta are stronger and distinctly broader than in strong. Aedeagus tube-shaped, slender and curved the other two species. basally. Female. Unknown. Biology The flight period is in May, June, July and Septem- Diagnosis ber. The moths were taken at altitudes of 1600– The features of the male genitalia are diagnostic. The 2400 m. The larvae are unknown. Solovyev: South-East Asian Limacodidae 173

sp. n. Distribution Austrapoda seres Solovyev, Figs 9, 38, 39 Northern Vietnam and northern Thailand.

Etymology Type-material. Holotype: ?, [China] ‘West-Tien- The name, sapa, is a noun in apposition, referring to Mu-Shan | (1600 m) Pz. Chekiang | 17.6.1932. the type-locality. H. Höhe.’, ‘Slg. | Daniel’, ‘Gen.? sp.? | Hering’ 53’, ‘Genitalpräparat | Heterocera | Nr. 11361 | Museum Austrapoda Inoue WITT München’ [China], MWM. Paratypes. China, Chekiang: 1?, West Tien-Mu- Austrapoda Inoue, 1982: 300. Type-species: Austrapoda Shan, 10.vii.1932, leg. H. Höhe, ZFMK (GS hepatica Inoue, 1987, designated by Owada & Hara, GU-05-02, A. Solovyev prep.). China, Shaanxi: 2002 1?, Tai bai shan Mts (S), Tsinling Mts, Houzenzl, 33º53’ N; 107º49’ E, 1600 m, summer 1999, leg. Composition. Austrapoda dentatus (Oberthür, 1879) loc. coll., MWM (GS 10033). (= Thosea nitobeana Matsumura, 1931), A. hepatica Inoue, 1987 and A. seres Solovyev, sp. n. Description Male (Fig. 9). Expanse 24–27 mm, forewing length The genus Austrapoda is characterized by filiform 12–13 mm. Antennae filiform. Forewings elongate antennae in the males; the vein R5 in the forewing with distinct tornus, with basal white patch. Hook- stalks from the discal cell (Fig. 26); there is no sexual like pattern of forewings with black proximal and dimorphism. Previously the genus was only known paler, almost white distal margins. Hindwings pale from Far East Russia, Japan and Korea. brown. The ground colour is brown (Figs 7–9). The labial Male genitalia (Figs 38, 39). Uncus single with api- palps are porrect, with a long 3rd segment, ⅓ as long cal spur. Gnathos slightly flattened distally, single. as the second. The forewings are elongated with a Valvae elongated with short, strongly sclerotized, basal white spot; their hook-like pattern with paler pointed saccular processes. Juxta modified, with distal margins is similar to that of Atosia Snellen, two strong lateral processes; these processes bear one 1900. The hind tibia bears four spurs. massive and smaller additional apical spurs. Aedea- In the male genitalia the uncus bears a subapical gus tube-shaped, short; apically with pointed, strong spur; the gnathos is narrow (Figs 36–39). The aedea- apical process. gus is tube-shaped, slightly curved, with an apical, Female. Unknown. caudad strong process. The female genitalia are char- acterized by a strongly sclerotized antrum and basal Diagnosis part of ductus bursae. The ductus bursae is spiraled Externally, the species is similar to other species of and long, the corpus bursae is globe-shaped with Austrapoda, but differs in its male genitalia. The rounded field of small, stellate-spined signa. juxta has strong lateral processes. The apical spur of The genus is externally slightly similar to Atosia Snel- the aedeagus is short, strongly sclerotized, as long as len, 1900 but differs by the more elongate forewings, ⅓ aedeagus length. without hook-like pattern containing white mark, with basal white spot. Biology The relationships of this genus are problematic. The moths were collected in June and July at an alti- Holloway (1986: 53) tentatively grouped the Ori- tude of 1600 m. The larvae are unknown. ental genera in some monophyletic lineages and included Austrapoda in his “stellate-spined signa”- Distribution group which combines the genera Narosa Walker, China (Chekiang and Shaanxi). 1855, Belippa Walker, 1865, Apoda Hawort, 1809, Demonarosa Matsumura, 1931 and Cania Walker, Etymology 1855. However, Austrapoda shows not only the “Seres” [a noun in apposition] was the ancient Greek stellate-spined signa of this group, but also the and Roman name for the inhabitants of the north- splitting-back of the R5 vein in the forewing, western part of modern China. which is a character of another ‘section’ (Holloway 1986: 54). 174 Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, volume 152, 2009

31 32

33 34

35 36

37 38

39

Figs 31–39. Male genitalia. – 31, Barisania lampra, paratype; Sumatra (GS Lima 1025, BMNH); 32, B. hon- eyi, holotype; 33, Pseudaltha atramentifera, holotype; 34, P. eboris, holotype; 35, P. sapa, holotype; 36, Austrapoda dentatus, holotype of Austrapoda nitobeana, Japan, Honshu (GS Csh 9, EIHU) (photo: Dr. S. Kazuhiro); 37, A. hepatica, Japan, Hokkaido (GS SAV-03-06, ISEA); 38, A. seres, paratype; China, Chekiang (GS GU-05-02, ZFMK), juxta turned over; 39, Juxta of A. seres, holotype. Scale bar: 1 mm. Solovyev: South-East Asian Limacodidae 175

Euphlyctinides Hering apically. Valvae broad distally, 1.5 times broader than Euphlyctinides Hering, 1931: 704. Type-species: Euphlycti- basally. Juxta flattened, without processes. Aedeagus nides rava Hering, 1931, by original designation. slender apically with strong, curved medially under right angle spur. Cornuti absent. Composition. Euphlyctinides albifusum (Hampson, Female. Unknown. 1892) (= E. rava Hering, 1931), E. indi Solovyev, sp. n. and E. aeneola Solovyev, sp. n. Diagnosis The species is distinguished from its congeners by its Small-sized moths with forewing length of 10– darker coloration and the presence of a postmedial 11 mm (Figs 10–13). The male antenna is filiform. forewing fascia without distinctive interruptions; The ground colour is yellowish-brown. The labial its juxta is without any processes; and the valvae are palps are porrect; the 3rd segment as long as ⅓ of the much broader distally. 2nd one. The forewings are elongate, covered with sparse dark scales, with two dark smooth fasciae. The Biology forewing with R5 stalked from discal vein near to The single specimen was collected in mid July at an branch R3+R4 (Fig. 27). The hind tibia bears four altitude of 1800 m. The larvae are unknown. spurs. In male genitalia the uncus bears a subapical spur; the Distribution gnathos is narrow; the valvae without saccular proc- North-eastern India. ess, elongate (Figs 40–42). The juxta is very narrow, strongly sclerotized; its apex is divided. The aedeagus Etymology is slender, almost straight, hook-shaped apically. The The name “indi” [a noun in apposition] is derived females and larvae are unknown. from “India” and thus refers to the country of the The genus is externally similar to Ceratonema Hamp- type locality. son, 1893 but the forewing contains only two (not three) dark, smooth and interrupted fasciae. Euphlyctinides aeneola Solovyev, sp. n. Euphlyctinides is related to Ceratonema Hampson, Figs 13, 42 1893, Trichogyia Hampson, 1894, Caissa Hering, 1931, Limacosilla Hering, 1931, and Striogyia Hol- loway, 1986 because of the filiform antennae in the Type material. Holotype ?, ‘Thailand | Changwat males and the position of vein R5 in the forewing Chiang Mai | 16 km NW of Mae Ai | 1550 m, (Holloway 1986: 55). 26–27.vi.1998 | leg. István Soós | & Attila Szabó | Museum Witt’, ‘Genitalpräparat | Heterocera | Euphlyctinides indi Solovyev, sp. n. Nr. 13286 | Museum WITT München’, MWM. Paratypes. Thailand, Chiang Mai: 1?, 23 km Figs 12, 41 NW of Sop Kha, 1 km E of Kop Dong, 1650 m, 5.viii.1999, leg. T. Csőváry & L. Mikus, MWM Type material. Holotype ?, ‘Indien WB 1800m | (GS 13262); 1?, 16 km NW of Mae Ai, 1550 m, Darjeeling Mangpu-road | 11.vii.1986 | leg. W. Tho- 4.vii.1998, leg. I. Soós & A. Szabó, MWM; 1?, mas’, ‘Museum Witt | München’, ‘Genitalpräparat | 2 km S of Ban Kum, 1700 m, 13–14.vi.1998, leg. Heterocera | Nr. 13289 | Museum WITT München’, István Soós & Attila Szabó, MWM; 1?, Queen MWM. Sirikit Botanical Garden, 12 km, Mae Rim-Same- ong Rd., 18˚52.855’N, 98˚51.743’E, 715 m, at MV Description light, 19.vii.2006, leg. G. Martin, BMNH (BMNH Male (Fig. 12). Expanse 22 mm, forewing length (E) 2006–128, GS 1416). Thailand, Uthai Thani: 11 mm. Antennae filiform. Head, thorax and abdo- 1?, Huai Kha Khaeng WS, Khao Nang Ram Res. men brownish. Forewings bronze-brown with sparse Sta. HQ, 400 m, 29.x.1991, leg. I.J. Kitching & dark scales. Antemedial fascia of forewings almost A.M. Cotton, BMNH (BM 1992–13, GS 1417). straight, smoothed and slightly interrupted with lower large dark semicircle-shaped spot. Postmedial Description fascia oriented from apex to tornus, slightly curved, Male (Fig. 13). Expanse 20–22 mm, forewing length concaved, without distinctive interruptions. Hind- 10–11 mm. Antennae filiform. Head, thorax and wings dark, grayish-brown. abdomen brown. Forewing and hindwing grayish- Male genitalia (Fig. 41). Uncus narrow, with well brown. Forewing with darker costal area, discal cell developed subapical spur. Gnathos narrowed with dark-brown scales. Dark-brown postmedial 176 Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, volume 152, 2009

40 41

42 43

44 45

Figs 40–45. Male genitalia. – 40, Euphlyctinides albifusum, eastern Nepal (GS 13287, MWM); 41, E. indi, holo- type; 42, E. aeneola, holotype; 43, Pseudonagoda siniaevi, holotype; 44, Atosioides accola, holotype; 45, Atosia doenia, holotype; Java (GS BM limacodid 632, BMNH). Scale bar: 1 mm.

fascia of forewing consists of dispersal streak-like Diagnosis spots on veins; antemedial fascia dark-brown, inter- The species differs from other Euphlyctinides exter- rupted, smoothed, with widening in costal, medial, nally by the very dark costal area of the forewings, and lower marginal areas. the strongly interrupted antemedial fascia with dark Male genitalia (Fig. 42). Uncus narrow, triangular- costal, medial and lower marginal spots. The male shaped with subapical spur. Gnathos broad medially, genitalia have an apically divided juxta (in albifu- very narrow apically. Valvae elongate with developed sum the juxta is divided in basal part, in indiis not sacculus. Juxta very long, strongly sclerotized, api- divided); the valvae have a defined sacculus; the cally divided into 2 small processes. Aedeagus slen- aedeagus is very long, as long as the valva; the apical der, straight, pointed; apical process strong, spirally process of aedeagus is spiral, broad. curved. Length of aedeagus equal of valvae length. Cornuti absent. Biology Female. Unknown. The flight period falls on mid June–August and end Solovyev: South-East Asian Limacodidae 177

uncus

tuba analis

gnathos

transtilla

juxta valva

saccular process

Fig. 46. Male genitalia of Pseudidonauton vexa, paratype; central Vietnam (GS 0055, CAS).

October. The specimens were collected at altitudes R5 is branched from R3+R4; the veins C, Sc, R1, R2 of 400–1700 m. The larvae are unknown. and R3 are close together. In the male genitalia the uncus is wide, without spur; Distribution the gnathos is broad, dorsoventrally flattened at the Northern and western Thailand. apex and bilobed, each lobe is boot-shaped, broader distally; the valvae with a thorny internal crest from Etymology apex of saccular process to medial part of valvae; the From Latin “aeneolus” [an adjective] – “produced juxta bears two dorsal claw-shaped processes; the from bronze”, referring to the coloration of the aedeagus has apically small spines and distally a long species. finger-shaped process (Fig. 43). The females and larvae are unknown. Nagodopsis Pseudonagoda Holloway The genus is similar to Matsumura, 1931 but the males do not have filiform but basally wid- Pseudonagoda Holloway, 1990: 59. Type-species: Pseudona- ened antennae; the forewings with closed veins C, goda naessigi Holloway, 1990, by original designation. Sc, R1, R2, and R3. In the male genitalia the bilobed gnathos (not single as in Nagodopsis Matsumura), Composition. Pseudonagoda naessigi Holloway, 1990 the valvae with saccular processes, the juxta with and P. siniaevi Solovyev, sp. n. two claw-shaped processes; the aedeagus with apical finger-shaped process are diagnostic. The full diagnosis of the genus is given by Holloway (1990: 59). The specimens are very rare in all collec- Pseudonagoda siniaevi Solovyev, sp. n. tions and only single specimens of each species are Figs 15, 43 known. The second species is described here from southern Andaman and therefore the diagnosis of the genus can be extended with several characters. Type material. Holotype ?, ‘S. Andaman | Near The genus includes middle-sized with a forew- Port Blair, Wandoor | beach, 1–2.03.1998, leg. | ing length of 11–12 mm (Figs 14, 15). The male V. Siniaev & A. Kamenev | ex. coll. A. Schintl- antennae have long rami in basal third, almost fili- meister’, ‘Museum Witt’, ‘Genitalpräparat | Het- form distally. The species are blackish with hyaline erocera | Nr. 11375 | Museum WITT München’, wings. The veins are black; the forewings with well MWM (GS 11375). developed, not branched distally medial stem; vein 178 Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, volume 152, 2009

47 48 49

50 51 52

Figs 47–52. Male genitalia of Pseudidonauton spp. – 47, P. admirabile, holotype; Peninsular Malaysia (GS Lima 341, BMNH); 48, P. bhaga, holotype; Borneo (GS Lima 319, BMNH); 49, P. nigribasis, holotype; India (GS Lima 371, BMNH); 50, P. siamica, holotype; 51, P. chihpyh, holotype; 52, P. vexa, holotype. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Description Diagnosis Male (Fig. 15). Expanse 27 mm, forewing length The species is distinguished from P. naessigi exter- 12 mm. Antennae strongly bipectinate in basal third. nally by the presence of grey scales on the wings. The Ground colour black. Wings extensively hyaline with male genitalia are characterized by the uncus being rare grey scale-covering. Forewings and hindwings finger-shaped apically; the lobes of the gnathos are with costal and lower margins densely covered with elongated, apically not so produced; the costa of the black scales. Forewing elongate; discal vein marked valvae is convex, the apex rounded; the valvae have by black scales. a distinct medial thorny internal crest; the saccular Male genitalia (Fig. 43). Uncus large, finger-shaped process is not strong and pointed apically. apically. Gnathos broad, dorsoventrally flattened, bilobed apically, each lobe rectangle-shaped, slightly Biology broader distally. Valvae triangular with rounded api- The single specimen was collected in early March. cally saccular process and thorny internal crest from The larvae are unknown. apical of saccular process to medial part of valvae. Juxta apically with two curved pointed processes. Aedeagus apically with small spines and distally with Distribution long finger-shaped process. India (southern Andaman). Female. Unknown. Etymology The species siniaevi [a noun in genitive case] is dedi- cated to Mr. Viktor V. Siniaev (Moscow) – to the collector of this nice moth. Solovyev: South-East Asian Limacodidae 179

53 54

P.A. P.A. A.A. A.A.

Figs 53–54. Female genitalia of Pseudidonauton spp. – 53, P. chihpyh, paratype; Taiwan (GS 12735, MWM); 54, P. vexa, paratype; central Vietnam (GS 0010, CAS). Abbreviations: A.A. – anterior apophysis; P.A. – posterior apophysis. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Atosioides Solovyev, gen. n. Type-species: Atosia rochei Holloway, 1986, here desig- Previously Atosioides rochei (Holloway 1986) was nated. included in Atosia Snellen, 1900 (Fig. 45). However, no features can definitely prove this placement except Composition. Atosia rochei (Holloway, 1986) comb. for the Narosa-like habitus (Holloway 1986: 75, 77), n. and A. accola Solovyev, sp. n. also known for some other genera (Narosa Walker, 1855, Flavinarosa Holloway, 1986, Heringarosa Hol- The genus Atosiodes Solovyev consists of small- loway, 1986, Saccurosa Holloway, 1986 etc.). The sized moths with forewing length of 7–10 mm and strongly modified wing pattern and genitalia of both an expanse of 17–21 mm (Figs 16, 17). The male sexes show strong differences; therefore the close antennae are filiform. The moths are not sexually relationship of these two genera is not evident so far. dimorphic. The ground colour of the body is yellow- The coloration of the forewings of Atosioides differs ish brown. The forewings have a dark oblique medial from those of Atosia by an oblique dark medial fascia fascia from distal ⅓ of the lower margin to ⅔ of the with a paler distal fascia and four curved, oblique, costa; distally this fascia includes a pale area; with four dark fasciae, without the hook-like pattern of Atosia curved, almost parallel, oblique, dark fasciae. In the which contains a white mark (Holloway 1986: 75). forewing vein R1 is sinuous (Fig. 29); R5 is branched In the forewing venation, the vein R5 is branched from R3+R4; the medial stem is not divided. The from R3+R4, close to the discal cell (Fig. 29); in hindwings are paler than the forewings. Atosia the vein R5 is branched medially from R3+R4 In the male genitalia the uncus is single with a short (Fig. 28). In the male genitalia the anellus bears a subapical spur (Fig. 44). The gnathos is strongly scle- dorsal band of thick spines; the aedeagus is short, rotized. The valvae are without saccular process. The almost triangular in lateral view, apically broader juxta is flattened. The anellus dorsally has a band of with strong palmate processes (Fig. 44) in compari- thick spines. The aedeagus is short, triangular-shaped son with Atosia (Fig. 45) where the anellus has no in lateral view with palmate strong apical spines. band of thick spines; the aedeagus is narrow, curved, In the female genitalia the ovipositor lobes are well without palmate processes, bears just a single spur. developed (Holloway 1990: 36, fig. 7). The anterior Thus, the modified wing pattern as discussed above, apophysis is 2.5 times shorter than the posterior. The the anellus with dorsal band of thick spines and the ductus bursae is very short, slightly spiraled, sclero- aedeagus with palmate processes are diagnostic for tized basally. The corpus bursae is large and elongate; the new genus. the signum is absent. The larvae are unknown. Atosiodes occurs in Borneo, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia (Holloway 1990: 36) and southern Thai- land. 180 Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, volume 152, 2009

Atosioides accola Solovyev, sp. n. Pseudidonauton Hering Figs 17, 29, 44 Pseudidonauton Hering, 1931: 705. Type-species: Pseudido- nauton admirabile Hering, 1931, by original designa- Type material. Holotype ?, ‘Indonesien | tion. W. Sumatra, 7 km E Panti | 0º12’N, 100º01’E | 1000 m, Primarurwald | 16.ix.1991 leg. Graul | Composition. Pseudidonauton admirabile Hering, ex. coll. A. Schintlmeister | Museum Witt’, ‘Genital- 1931, P. bhaga (Swinhoe, 1901), P. nigribasis (Hamp- präparat | Heterocera | Nr. 11344 | Museum WITT son, 1905), P. siamica Solovyev, sp. n., P. chihpyh München’, MWM. Solovyev, sp. n. and P. vexa Solovyev, sp. n. Paratype. 1?, S. Thailand, Krabi, Khao Prabang, Khram non-hunting area, rd to coffee plantn, The genus was revised by Holloway (1986: 126); it 130 m, 8.xii.1991, leg. I.J. Kitching & A.M. Cot- is ranged from India to Sundaland. The moths are ton, BMNH (BM 1992–13, GS 1406). small, with forewing length 6–9 mm (Figs 18–24). The male antennae are filiform. The ground col- Description our is pale brown. The labial palps are curved; the Male (Fig. 17). Expanse 17 mm, forewing length 3rd segment is short, as long as 1/5 of the 2nd one. 7 mm. Antennae filiform. Body yellowish brown. The forewing is almost uniform with clearly defined Forewings with dark oblique medial fascia from dis- basal brown area; apically also brown area could tal ⅓ of the lower margin to ⅔ of the costa; distally be recognizable in some species. The forewing has this fascia with pale area; and with four curved dark slightly curved vein R1, R5 branched from R2+R4; fasciae from medial fascia to tornal area. Hindwings the medial stem is reduced proximally (Fig. 30). The paler than forewings. hind tibia bears 4 spurs. Male genitalia (Fig. 44). Uncus with subapical spur. The species are characterized by strongly modified Gnathos very large, clavate, with strong apical dor- male and female genitalia. The uncus is flattened, sal spine. Juxta flattened, with two lateral echinated deeply divided into two parts (Figs 46–52). The processes. Anellus with large area of thick and strong juxta is flattened (Fig. 46). The transtilla bears large, spines. Aedeagus short, triangular in lateral view, strongly sclerotized and bifid dorsally medial plate. with very strong short apical palmate processes. The origin of this plate is unclear so far. The gnathos Female. Unknown. is reduced to a small plate, which may be function- ally replaced by the transtilla. The valvae are specifi- Diagnosis cally divided in two parts, the lower has long spine- The species is externally similar to A. rochei (Fig. 16), shaped saccular process (Fig. 46). but easily distinguished by its male genitalia. The The female genitalia are variable (Figs 53–54); their gnathos of A. accola is clavate, very large; the juxta descriptions are given in the species accounts below. bears two lateral processes; the anellus has a larger The apophyses are small, modified. The ductus bur- spined band than A. rochei; the aedeagus is only sae is short, not spiral. The corpus bursae is pear- slightly curved, apically clavate with short palmate shaped. processes. The larvae are semiovoid, almost without processes (Holloway 1986: 127). Biology The specimens were collected in mid September and Pseudidonauton siamica Solovyev, sp. n. early December at altitudes of 130–1000 m. The lar- Figs 21, 50 vae are unknown.

Distribution Type material. Holotype ?, ‘Thailand | Chang- Western Sumatra, southern Thailand. wat Chiang Mai | Mt. Doi Inthanon, NP | 2300 m, 17.x.2000, leg. local collector | Museum Etymology Witt’, ‘Genitalpräparat | Heterocera | Nr. 13831 | From Latin “accola” – neighbour [a noun in appo- Museum WITT München’, MWM (GS 13831). sition], because of the distribution of the Atosioides Paratypes. 1?, as holotype. Vietnam, Nghe An: species, that both occur on Sumatra. 1?, Pumat N.P., Phuc Son vill., Anh Son distr., 18˚49’12.3’’N, 104˚58’18.6’’E, 130±11 m, 2.x.2008, leg. A. Solovyev & V. Zolotuhin, CAS (GS 0056); 2?, Pumat N.P., Tam Dinh vill., Tuong Duong Solovyev: South-East Asian Limacodidae 181 distr., 19˚10’32.5’’N, 104˚37’18.5’’E, 165±15 m, Description 4.x.2008, leg. A. Solovyev & V. Zolotuhin, CAS (GS Male (Fig. 22). Expanse 14 mm, forewing length 0009; AS-LIMAC 0069 in 96% alcohol). 7 mm. Antennae filiform, slightly thickened, as long as ¾ of forewing costa length. Ground colour pale Description brown. Forewings with basal dark area, defined by Male (Fig. 21). Expanse 14–15 mm, forewing length whitish distal border; curved oblique dark medial fas- 7–8 mm. Antennae filiform, as long as ¾ of forew- cia from ⅔ costa to tornus; dark apical spot extends ing costa length. Ground colour pale brown. Forew- from apex to ½ outer margin, reaches vein M3. ings with basal dark area, defined by whitish distal Male genitalia (Fig. 51). Uncus strongly bifid with boarder; with curved oblique dark medial fascia from two finger-shape elongate curved processes; medial ⅔ costa to tornus; dark apical spot extends from apex notch approximately of ½ width of uncus. Gnathos to ⅓ outer margin. reduced to small plate. Valvae strongly modified, with Male genitalia (Fig. 50). Uncus narrow, single. Gna- finger-shaped apical part and long, curved saccular thos reduced to small tape. Valva strongly modified, processes. Transtillae medially with large, apically with long strongly sclerotized sickle-shaped proc- bifid plate, with two strong finger-shape processes. ess from sacculus, basal upper part with large pad. Sacculus large, its lower outer corner distinctive, apex Medial process of transtilla very large, fish-tailed api- with long sickle-shaped process. Rest part of valvae cally. Juxta flattened, small. Aedeagus tube-shaped, small, finger-shaped, slightly sclerotized. Juxta flat- small. tened. Aedeagus small, slightly curved, with plate, covered with small cornuti. Diagnosis Female (Fig. 23). Expanse 19 mm, forewing length Externally the species is similar to P. bhaga (Fig. 19), 9 mm. Antennae filiform. Forewings elongated, col- but it differs from other congeners by the apical spot oration as in male. on the forewing which extends from apex to ⅓ of Female genitalia (Fig. 53). Anterior apophyses small, outer margin. In the male genitalia the saccular proc- finger-shaped. Posterior apophyses short, as long as 4 ess is twice as long as the valva, the large pads in the of anterior ones, very broad, almost square in lateral basal part of the valvae and the fish-tail-like medial view. Ductus bursae and corpus bursae membranous, process of the transtilla are diagnostic. short (but verification with additional specimens is needed). Biology The specimens were collected in early and mid Octo- Diagnosis ber at altitudes of 119–2300 m. The species differs from its congeners by the more extensive dark apical spot that runs from costa to Distribution the middle of the outer margin and by the distinct Northern Thailand and central Vietnam. medial fascia. It is easily distinguished by the male genitalia by the following characters: the uncus has Etymology a broad medial notch as in P. bhaga (Fig. 48), but The name “siamica” [an adjective] refers to the type- the lateral parts of the uncus are much narrower, as locality: Siam is the former name for Thailand. wide as ¼ of uncus width. The outer lower angle of the sacculus is acute. The valvae (without saccular Pseudidonauton chihpyh Solovyev, sp. n. process) are relatively short, as long as wide, finger- shaped distally. Figs 22, 23, 51, 53 The male genitalia are similar to those of P. vexa, but the distinct papula-shaped process near the saccular Type material. Holotype ?, ‘Taiwan, Prov. Nantou spine is absent. Externally both species are defined by | Huisun Forest Area, 500 m | 500 km N Puli, 7– the shape of the external dark spot; it reaches the vein 8.vi.1997 | leg. B. Herczig & L. Ronkay’, ‘Genital- M3. The female genitalia of P. chihpyh, with shorter präparat | Heterocera | Nr. 12734 | Museum WITT posterior apophyses, almost squared in lateral view. München’, MWM (GS 12734). Paratypes. Taiwan, Taitung: 1?, Chihpen Hot Biology Springs, 400 m, 6,9.iv.1997, leg. Csorba & Ronkay, The specimens were collected in early April and first MWM (GS 13804); 1?, 1/, the same data but half of June at altitudes of 400–500 m. 10–11.vi.1997, leg. B. Herczig & L. Ronkay, MWM (GS 12735, 13805). Distribution Taiwan. 182 Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, volume 152, 2009

Etymology Female genitalia (Fig. 54). Ovipositor lobes well The name [a noun in apposition] is derived from one developed, ovoid. Anterior apophysis short, finger- of its localities: Chihpen Hot Springs. shaped; posterior ones long, curved and narrow, claw-shaped distally. Ductus bursae not spiral, short. Pseudidonauton vexa Solovyev, sp. n. Corpus bursae pear-shaped with unpaired claw- shaped signum. Figs 24, 46, 52, 54 Diagnosis Type material. Holotype ?, ‘N. Vietnam | Cuc The species is similar to its congeners externally but Phuong N.P. | Bôńg Cúc Phương vill. | Nho well recognized by male genitalia. From Pseudido- Quan distr., Ninh Binh prov. | 20º17’35.9’’ N, nauton siamica it is distinguished by the smoother, 105º40’03.4’’ E | 300±20 m 8.x.2008 | leg. A. Solo- not very distinct, shaded medial forewing fascia; vyev & V. Zolotuhin’, CAS (GS 0066). in the male genitalia the double, very broad uncus, Paratypes. Vietnam, Ninh Binh: 1?, as holo- double, not fish-tail plate of the transtillae, the long type; 1?, the same data but 7–8.x.2008 CAS valvae without basal costal large pad, the shorter sac- (AS-LIMAC 56, in 96% alcohol); 1?, office of cular spine, and the presence of large cornuti in the Cuc Phuong N.P., Nho Quan distr., Cuc Phuong aedeagus are diagnostic. vill., 20º15’N, 105º40’E, 350±30 m, 9.x.2008, In the male genitalia it is extremely similar to the leg. A. Solovyev & V. Zolotuhin, CAS (GS 0067); Taiwanese P. chihpyh, but well defined by presence 1?, Cuc Phuong N.P., Bôńg – Cúc Phương vill., of papula-shaped acute small process near saccular Nho Quan distr., 20º20’55.2’’N, 105º35’52.9’’E, spine; the upper part of the valvae is shorter and 358±15 m, 6.x.2008, leg. A. Solovyev & V. Zolo- acute; externally the apical forewing spot is much tuhin, CAS (GS 0065). Vietnam, Nghe An: 1?, Pu smaller and running just to M1 in P. vexa; in the Mat N.P., Yen Khe, Thac Kem waterfall, Con Cuong female genitalia the posterior apophyses are longer, distr., 18º57’54.4’’N, 104º48’09.6’’E, 320±32 m, as long as 1.5 times ovipositor lobe, curved; the duc- 28.ix.2008, leg. A. Solovyev & V. Zolotuhin, CAS tus bursae is longer; the signum is unpaired, claw- (GS 0064); 1?, 1/, the same data but 26.ix.2008, shaped. CAS (GS 0055 (?), 0010 (/)); 1?, the same data but 27.ix.2008, CAS (GS 0063); 1?, the same data Biology but 27–28.ix.2008, CAS (GS LIMAC 99, in 96% The moths were collected in early August, late Sep- alcohol). Thailand, Chantaburi: 1?, Khao Soi Dao, tember – early October at altitudes of 280–380 m. 300 m, 9.viii.1987, leg. M.G. Allen, BMNH (B.M. 1987–364, GS 1420). Distribution Northern and central Vietnam, south-eastern Description Thailand. Male (Fig. 24). Forewing length 6–7 mm. Male antennae filiform, slightly thickened, as long as ¾ of Etymology forewing’s costa length. Ground colour pale brown. The name derives from Latin “vexo” [verb] – “disar- Forewings with basal dark area defined by whitish range”. distal border, curved oblique dark medial fascia from ⅔ costa to tornus and dark apical spot extends from apex to vein M1 with length of ⅓ costa. Acknowledgements Male genitalia (Figs 46, 52). Uncus strongly bifid I am very grateful to Dr. Vadim V. Zolotuhin (Uly- with finger-shaped narrow flattened processes, anovsk State Pedagogical University) for his sup- medial notch is very deep, broad. Gnathos reduced port during my work on this paper. Also I would to small plate. Valvae bifid on two parts. Upper part like to express my sincere thanks to the curators of short with length of width of uncus medial notch; the Lepidoptera collections for their kind support: lower part with well developed sacculus, with apical Mr. Thomas J. Witt (Museum Witt; Germany, papula-shaped shaped acute process, S-shaped lower Munich), Mr. Martin Honey and Mr. Geoff Mar- margin and with very long crescent-shaped apical tin (The Natural History Museum; London, United spine. Transtillae have broad, apically with two lat- Kingdom), Dr. Dieter Stüning (Zoologisches For- eral processes plate. The aedeagus is small, slightly schungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig; curved. Vesica contains the long band with spine- Bonn, Germany), Dr. Wolfram Mey (Zoologisches shaped spurs. Museum, Humboldt Universität; Berlin, Germany), Female. Forewing length is 9 mm. Dr. Sergey Yu. Sinev (Zoological Institute of the Solovyev: South-East Asian Limacodidae 183

Russian Academy of Sciences; St. Petersburg, Russia), Dudgeoneidae, Epipyropidae and Limacodidae. – The and Dr. Sergey V. Vasilenko (Institute for Systemat- Malayan Nature Journal 4: 1–166. ics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian department Holloway, J. D., 1990. The Limacodidae of Sumatra. of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk, – Heterocera Sumatrana 6: 9–77. Russia). Microscopic images of male genitalia of Inoue, H., 1982. Limacodidae. – Moths of Japan 1. Tokyo: the holotype Austrapoda nitobeana Matsumura, Kodashna: 297–301. 1931 were kindly made by Dr. Kazuhiro Sugisima Solovyev, A. V., 2008. The limacodid moths (Lepidoptera: (Hokkaido University; Sapporo, Japan). I am also Limacodidae) of Russia. – Eversmannia 15–16: 17–43 grateful to Dr. Mamoru Owada (National Museum [in Russian]. of Nature and Science; Tokyo, Japan) for his kind Owada, M. & H. Hara, 2002. Immature stages of Pseu- support in examination of some literature. dopsyche and Austrapoda (Lepidoptera, Limacodidae). – Tinea 17 (1): 1–9. Images of the moths from the BMNH are published Tshistjakov, Yu. A., 1995. A review of the Limacodidae here under courtesy of The Trustees of the Museum. (Lepidoptera) of the Russian Far East. – Far Eastern This study was supported financially by the Entomologist 7: 1–12. Thomas Witt-Stiftung in 2005–2008 and RFBR- Yoshimoto, H., 1993. Limacodidae. – Moths of Nepal 2. o grant N 08-04-90300-Viet_a. – In: Tinea 13 (Suppl. 3). – The Japan Heterocerists’ Society, Tokyo: 31–35. Zolotuhin, V. V. & A. V. Solovyev, 2008. Bombyx flavomar- References ginata Poujade, 1886. – a limacodid species misplaced Hardwick, D. F., 1950. Preparation of slide mounts of in the Lasiocampidae (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae). lepidopterous genitalia. – Canadian Entomologist 82: – Tinea 20 (2): 98–101. 231–235. Hering, M., 1931. Limacodidae. – In: A. Seitz (ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 10: 665–720, 4 pls. Holloway, J. D., 1986. The Moths of Borneo: Key to Received: 9 July 2008 families; families Cossidae, Metarbelidae, Ratardidae, Accepted: 8 June 2009 184 Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, volume 152, 2009

Book review

Thomas Pape, Daniel Bickel and Rudolf Meier (eds), 2009. Diptera Diversity: Status, Challenges and Tools. – Brill, Leiden-Boston. ISBN: 978-90- 04-14897-0, hardback, 460 pp. Price EUR 119, USD 186.

This volume could be seen as one that zooms in into one chapter of the previous book. Actually the Diptera chapter of that is a good introduction for this book, since Diptera Diversity does not include a global taxonomic overview of the order. Like the vol- ume reviewed on p. 98 it has a section with regional diversity, but the other two sections deal with II: Case studies, ecology and estimation and III: Bioinformatics and dipteran diversity. The nine regional treatments are very thorough reviews, each written by a lead- ing dipterist of the continent or region, and again all have their personal touch: Christian Thomson concentrating on the level of knowledge of Nearctic flies and the resources used for this knowledge, with a lot of interesting statistics, Thomas Pape has more attention for special features of the palearctic fauna. Neal Evenhuis and Bradley Sinclair treat the island fauna’s of respectively Hawaii and Galapogos, of course concentrating on island biogeography and conservation problems. In contrast to tion priorities. One conclusion being that Asilids Biodiversity, this volume is exhaustive, and all regions pretty well confirm the hot spots in Africa that were receive a thorough treatment. The second part con- proposed on the basis of plant diversity. tains a chapter by Daniel Bickel with the intriguing Other equally interesting treatments include DNA title Why Hilara is not amusing, explained in the sec- barcoding, Biodiversity informatics, Diptera as eco- ond part of the title the problem of open-ended taxa logical indicators and the description of a particular and the limits of taxonomic knowledge. Open ended IT system “Mandala”. taxa in Bickels terminology are those large genera or The book is very well designed, and has lots of pretty other units with endless numbers of species, usually very sharp colour photographs. only fully known for a few countries such as Britain Diptera Diversity certainly deserves to be read by or Germany, and where descriptions of new species more entomologists than just dipterists. Myself being could be endless. In his opinion one should not try a lepidopterist, I found a lot of interesting stuff in it, to get this diversity fully described, but instead con- and certainly will consult this volume frequently. We centrate on priorities. In this he is opposing Quen- can be envious of dipterists, who have catalogued tin Wheelers views as expressed in Insect Diversity, a almost all the known species in books and an inter- fact acknowledged by Quentin Wheeler himself in net database, and as a result of the economic impor- the foreword to the Diptera book, while applauding tance of many species know more detail about almost him for his thought provoking arguments. To quote all aspects of the fly life than we know of any other Wheeler: “At the heart of his arguments for me was insect; and they had Willy Hennig amongst them, all the explicit recognition of what makes taxonomists facts rightly mentioned in the foreword. tick … it is the love for particular groups of species In short, entomologists with an interest in biodi- and the insatiable drive and desire to know them and versity, I would advise to buy this book as well, and their characters fully.” it should not be missing from any entomological Dikow et al. show elegantly how one can use data library. from published taxonomic revisions to estimate spe- cies richness for certain areas, and use for conserva- Erik J. van Nieukerken