The UK Secret State and the History of Computing
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
To What Extent Did British Advancements in Cryptanalysis During World War II Influence the Development of Computer Technology?
Portland State University PDXScholar Young Historians Conference Young Historians Conference 2016 Apr 28th, 9:00 AM - 10:15 AM To What Extent Did British Advancements in Cryptanalysis During World War II Influence the Development of Computer Technology? Hayley A. LeBlanc Sunset High School Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/younghistorians Part of the European History Commons, and the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y LeBlanc, Hayley A., "To What Extent Did British Advancements in Cryptanalysis During World War II Influence the Development of Computer Technology?" (2016). Young Historians Conference. 1. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/younghistorians/2016/oralpres/1 This Event is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Young Historians Conference by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. To what extent did British advancements in cryptanalysis during World War 2 influence the development of computer technology? Hayley LeBlanc 1936 words 1 Table of Contents Section A: Plan of Investigation…………………………………………………………………..3 Section B: Summary of Evidence………………………………………………………………....4 Section C: Evaluation of Sources…………………………………………………………………6 Section D: Analysis………………………………………………………………………………..7 Section E: Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………10 Section F: List of Sources………………………………………………………………………..11 Appendix A: Explanation of the Enigma Machine……………………………………….……...13 Appendix B: Glossary of Cryptology Terms.…………………………………………………....16 2 Section A: Plan of Investigation This investigation will focus on the advancements made in the field of computing by British codebreakers working on German ciphers during World War 2 (19391945). -
The Foreign Fighters Problem, Recent Trends and Case Studies: Selected Essays
Program on National Security at the FOREIGN POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE Al-Qaeda al-Shabaab AQIM AQAP Central The Foreign Fighters Problem, Recent Trends and Case Studies: Selected Essays Edited by Michael P. Noonan Managing Director, Program on National Security April 2011 Copyright Foreign Policy Research Institute (www.fpri.org). If you would like to be added to our mailing list, send an email to [email protected], including your name, address, and any affiliation. For further information or to inquire about membership in FPRI, please contact Alan Luxenberg, [email protected] or (215) 732-3774 x105. FPRI 1528 Walnut Street, Suite 610 • Philadelphia, PA 19102-3684 Tel. 215-732-3774 • Fax 215-732-4401 About FPRI Founded in 1955, the Foreign Policy Research Institute is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization devoted to bringing the insights of scholarship to bear on the development of policies that advance U.S. national interests. We add perspective to events by fitting them into the larger historical and cultural context of international politics. About FPRI’s Program on National Security The end of the Cold War ushered in neither a period of peace nor prolonged rest for the United States military and other elements of the national security community. The 1990s saw the U.S. engaged in Iraq, Somalia, Haiti, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo, and numerous other locations. The first decade of the 21st century likewise has witnessed the reemergence of a state of war with the attacks on 9/11 and military responses (in both combat and non-combat roles) globally. While the United States remains engaged against foes such as al-Qa`ida and its affiliated movements, other threats, challengers, and opportunities remain on the horizon. -
Broadcast Bulletin Issue Number 191 10/10/11
Ofcom Broadcast Bulletin Issue number 191 10 October 2011 1 Ofcom Broadcast Bulletin, Issue 191 10 October 2011 Contents Introduction 4 Notice of Sanction Al Ehya Digital Television Limited Saturday Night Special, 13 November 2010 5 Note to Broadcasters Publication of new guidance and research 7 Standards cases In Breach Aden Live 27 October 2010, 18:20 (16:20 GMT) to 29 October 2010, 19:00 (17:00 GMT) 15 November 2010, 10:00 (08:00 GMT) to 16 November 2010, 10:00 (08:00 GMT) 8 Pro Bull Riders trailer Extreme Sports, 19 July 2011, 13:00 31 Howard Taylor at Breakfast Total Star – Wiltshire, 20 May 2011, 06:00 33 The Baby Borrowers Really, 2 August 2011, 20:00 36 Music video programming Brit Asia TV, 11 June 2011 38 Sponsorship of various programmes B4U Music, 15 June 2011, 21:00 to 22:42 42 Resolved Station promotion 106 Jack FM, 2 August 2011, 10:30 47 Fairness and Privacy cases Upheld Complaint by Mr David Gemmell Grimefighters, ITV1, 12 April 2011 49 2 Ofcom Broadcast Bulletin, Issue 191 10 October 2011 Not Upheld Complaint by Dr Saeb Erakat on his own behalf and on behalf of the Palestine Liberation Organisation The Palestine Papers, Al Jazeera English, 23 to 26 January 2011 53 Other programmes Not in Breach 72 Complaints Assessed, Not Investigated 73 Investigations List 79 3 Ofcom Broadcast Bulletin, Issue 191 10 October 2011 Introduction Under the Communications Act 2003, Ofcom has a duty to set standards for broadcast content as appear to it best calculated to secure the standards objectives1, Ofcom must include these standards in a code or codes. -
Annual Report and Accounts 2018-19
National Crime Agency Annual Report and Accounts 2018-19 HC 2397 National Crime Agency Annual Report and Accounts 2018-19 Annual Report presented to Parliament pursuant to paragraph 8(2) of Schedule 2 to the Crime and Courts Act 2013. Accounts presented to the House of Commons pursuant to Section 6(4) of the Government Resources and Accounts Act 2000. Accounts presented to the House of Lords by Command of Her Majesty. Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed on 22 July 2019. HC 2397 © Crown copyright 2019 This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. This publication is available at www.gov.uk/official-documents. Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to National Crime Agency, Command Suite, Unit 1, Spring Gardens, Tinworth Street, London, SE11 5EN. ISBN 978-1-5286-1296-8 CCS0519221654 07/19 Printed on paper containing 75% recycled fibre content minimum. Printed in the UK by the APS Group on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. Contents Foreword by the Home Secretary 7 Part Two – Accountability Report Part One – Performance Report Corporate Governance Report 43 Directors’ Report 43 Statement by the Director General 9 Statement of Accounting Officer’s Who we are and what we do 10 responsibilities 44 How -
Rights Watch
British Irish RIGHTS WATCH SUBMISSION TO THE UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE CONCERNING THE UNITED KINGDOM’S COMPLIANCE WITH THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS SEPTEMBER 2007 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 British Irish RIGHTS WATCH is an independent non-governmental organisation that monitors the human rights dimension of the conflict and the peace process in Northern Ireland. Our services are available free of charge to anyone whose human rights have been affected by the conflict, regardless of religious, political or community affiliations, and we take no position on the eventual constitutional outcome of the peace process. 1.2 This submission to the Human Rights Committee of the United Nations concerns the United Kingdom’s observance of the provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). All our comments stem directly from our work and experience. In the interests of brevity, we have kept details to a minimum, but if any member of the Committee would like further information about anything in this submission, we would be happy to supply it. Throughout the submission we respectfully suggest questions that the Committee may wish to pose to the United Kingdom (UK) during its examination of the UK’s sixth periodic report. 2. THE UNITED KINGDOM AND HUMAN RIGHTS 2.1 In its 2001 examination of the United Kingdom’s observance of the provisions of the ICCPR, the Human Rights Committee recommended that the United Kingdom incorporate all the provisions of the ICCPR into domestic law1. However, the UK has yet to comply with this recommendation. Suggested question: · What plans does the UK have for incorporating all provisions of the ICCPR into domestic law and what is the timetable? 2.2 The Human Rights Committee’s last examination of the UK’s observance of the provisions of the ICCPR further recommended that the UK should consider, as a priority, accession to the first Optional Protocol2. -
Serious and Organised Crime Strategy
Serious and Organised Crime Strategy Cm 8715 Serious and Organised Crime Strategy Presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for the Home Department by Command of Her Majesty October 2013 Cm 8715 £21.25 © Crown copyright 2013 You may re-use this information (excluding logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence. To view this licence, visit http://www. nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/ or e-mail: [email protected]. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to us [email protected] You can download this publication from our website at https://www.gov.uk/government/ publications ISBN: 9780101871525 Printed in the UK by The Stationery Office Limited on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office ID 2593608 10/13 33233 19585 Printed on paper containing 75% recycled fibre content minimum. Contents Home Secretary Foreword 5 Executive Summary 7 Introduction 13 Our Strategic Response 25 PURSUE: Prosecuting and disrupting serious and 27 organised crime PREVENT: Preventing people from engaging 45 in serious and organised crime PROTECT: Increasing protection against 53 serious and organised crime PREPARE: Reducing the impact of serious and 65 organised crime Annex A: Accountability, governance and funding 71 Annex B: Departmental roles and responsibilities for 73 tackling serious and organised crime 4 Serious and Organised Crime Strategy Home Secretary Foreword 5 Home Secretary Foreword The Relentless Disruption of Organised Criminals Serious and organised crime is a threat to our national security and costs the UK more than £24 billion a year. -
National Insider Threat Task Force Mission Fact Sheet
NATIONAL INSIDER THREAT TASK FORCE MISSION FACT SHEET _________________________________ Why was the NITTF established? The National Insider Threat Task Force (NITTF) was established after the WikiLeaks release of thousands of classified documents through the global media and internet. Its mission is to deter, detect, and mitigate actions by employees who may represent a threat to national security by developing a national insider threat program with supporting policy, standards, guidance, and training. Who runs the task force, and which agencies are involved? Under Executive Order (E.O.) 13587, the NITTF is co-chaired by the U.S. Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence. They, in turn, designated the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the National Counterintelligence Executive to co-direct the daily activities of the NITTF. The NITTF comprises employees and contractors from a variety of federal departments and agencies (D/A), and its work impacts more than 99 federal D/As that handle classified material. Currently, the following D/As have representatives on the NITTF: FBI, National Counterintelligence and Security Center (NCSC), Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and Transportation Security Administration. The NITTF responds directly to the Senior Information Sharing and Safeguarding Steering Committee, which was also established under E.O. 13587. The steering committee comprises representatives from largely Intelligence Community agencies with extensive access to classified networks and materials, including the Departments of State, Energy, Justice, Defense, and Homeland Security, CIA, FBI, Office of the Director of National Intelligence, NCSC, National Security Agency, DIA, the Program Manager—Information Sharing Environment, Office of Management and Budget, the National Security Council Staff, and the Information Security Oversight Office. -
Australian Criminal Intelligence Management (ACIM) Strategy 2017
Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission Australian Criminal Intelligence Management Strategy 2017–20 AUSTRALIAN CRIMINAL INTELLIGENCE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY 2017–20 INTELLIGENCE PARTNERSHIPS FOR A SAFER AUSTRALIA Attorney-General’s Department Australia New Zealand Policing Advisory Agency Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission Australian Federal Police ACT Policing Australian Securities and Investments Commission Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Australian Taxation Office Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre Department of Immigration and Border Protection/Australian Border Force New South Wales Police Force New Zealand Police Northern Territory Police Queensland Police Service South Australia Police Tasmania Police Victoria Police Western Australia Police 1 Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission Australian Criminal Intelligence Management Strategy 2017–20 CONTENTS FOREWORD 1 AUSTRALIAN CRIMINAL INTELLIGENCE LANDSCAPE 2 AUSTRALIAN CRIMINAL INTELLIGENCE MODEL 3 DEFINITION OF INTELLIGENCE 4 OVERSIGHT AND IMPLEMENTATION 5 WHAT WILL SUCCESS LOOK LIKE? 6 HOW WILL WE ACHIEVE SUCCESS? 7 CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS 10 HOW WILL WE MEASURE SUCCESS? 10 EVALUATION MODEL 11 MATURITY MODEL 12 CONCLUSION 14 REFERENCES 14 2 Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission Australian Criminal Intelligence Management Strategy 2017–20 FOREWORD The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) describes criminal intelligence as “... the lifeblood of the fight against transnational organized crime. It is the foundation for -
Track, Capture, Kill
Track, Capture, Kill: Inside Communications Surveillance and Counterterrorism in Kenya Track, Capture, Kill: Inside Communications Surveillance and Counterterrorism in Kenya March 2017 www.privacyinternational.org 2 Track, Capture, Kill: Inside Communications Surveillance and Counterterrorism in Kenya Acknowledgements Privacy International acknowledges the many individuals and organisations with whom we spoke who cannot be named. This report is primarily based on interviews conducted by Privacy International and documentation provided in confidence to Privacy International. Privacy International is solely responsible for the content of this report. 3 Track, Capture, Kill: Inside Communications Surveillance and Counterterrorism in Kenya Contents Acronyms 5 Executive Summary 6 Introduction 7 Background 8 Extended Powers: But short on Detail 11 Spying First, then ‘making it proper’ 16 On Your Marks: Infiltrating Telecommunications Networks 19 Getting Ready: Sharing Intel and Preparing Ops 24 Closing in: Surveillance in Kill or Capture Operations 26 Elections and Accountability 32 Recommendations 36 Annex 1: Response from Safaricom 38 4 Track, Capture, Kill: Inside Communications Surveillance and Counterterrorism in Kenya Acronyms AP Administration Police ATPU Anti-Terrorism Police Unit BTS Base Transceiver Station CA/CCK Communications Authority, formerly Communications Commission of Kenya CDR Call Data Record CID/DCI Directorate of Criminal Investigations DMI Directorate of Military Intelligence, Kenya Defence Forces GSU General Services -
Can Parliamentary Oversight of Security and Intelligence Be Considered More Open Government Than Accountability?
CAN PARLIAMENTARY OVERSIGHT OF SECURITY AND INTELLIGENCE BE CONSIDERED MORE OPEN GOVERNMENT THAN ACCOUNTABILITY? Stephen Barber ABSTRACT The nature of openness in government continues to be explored by academics and pub- lic managers alike while accountability is a fact of life for all public services. One of the last bastions of ‘closed government’ relates to the ‘secret’ security and intelligence ser- vices. But even here there have been significant steps towards openness over more than two decades. In Britain the Intelligence and Security Committee (ISC) of Parliament is the statutory body charged with scrutinising the agencies and since 2013 is more ac- countable itself to Westminster. This was highlighted by the first open evidence sessions involving the heads of the agencies which coincided with the unofficial disclosure of secret information by way of the so-called ‘WikiLeaks world’. This article examines scrutiny as a route to openness. It makes the distinction between accountability and open government and argues that the ‘trusted’ status of the ISC in comparison to the more independent Parliamentary Select Committees weakens its ability to hold govern- ment to account but, combined with the claim to privileged information and the acqui- escence of the agencies, makes its existence much more aligned to the idea of open gov- ernment Keywords - Westminster Select Committees, Intelligence and Security Committee, MI5 and MI6, scrutiny of public agencies. INTRODUCTION When the three heads of Britain’s security and intelligence services, Sir Iain Lobban (Director of GCHQ), Andrew Parker (Director General of MI5) and Sir John Sawers (Chief of MI6), appeared in Westminster on 7 November 2013, a new marker was set for open government. -
How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bombe: Machine Research and Development and Bletchley Park
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CURVE/open How I learned to stop worrying and love the Bombe: Machine Research and Development and Bletchley Park Smith, C Author post-print (accepted) deposited by Coventry University’s Repository Original citation & hyperlink: Smith, C 2014, 'How I learned to stop worrying and love the Bombe: Machine Research and Development and Bletchley Park' History of Science, vol 52, no. 2, pp. 200-222 https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0073275314529861 DOI 10.1177/0073275314529861 ISSN 0073-2753 ESSN 1753-8564 Publisher: Sage Publications Copyright © and Moral Rights are retained by the author(s) and/ or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This item cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder(s). The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. This document is the author’s post-print version, incorporating any revisions agreed during the peer-review process. Some differences between the published version and this version may remain and you are advised to consult the published version if you wish to cite from it. Mechanising the Information War – Machine Research and Development and Bletchley Park Christopher Smith Abstract The Bombe machine was a key device in the cryptanalysis of the ciphers created by the machine system widely employed by the Axis powers during the Second World War – Enigma. -
Broadcast Bulletin Issue Number
O fcom Broadcast Bulletin Issue number 117 15 September 2008 Standards cases In Breach World’s Most Amazing Videos 4 TV6, 28 June 2008, 20:00 “Wake Up Your Brain” competition 7 James and Ali in the Morning, Invicta FM, 20 December 2007, 06:00 “Worst Girlfriend” competition 9 Lloydie and Katie Show, Power FM, 14 March 2007, 16:00 Full Pott 11 Kanal 5, 16 July 2008; 09:00 Breakfast 13 Kiss 105, 10 April 2008, 08:00 Peter Popoff Ministries 14 Ben TV, 29 February 2008, 16:30 Paul Lewis Ministry Ben TV, 20 March 2008, 16:00 Peter Popoff Ministries Red TV, 24 March 2008, 17:30 The Soup 17 E! Entertainment, 19 July 2008, 23:00 Stripped 18 The Style Network, 2 July 2008, 11:00 Biggles 20 Movies4Men+1, 21 June 2008; 16:20 Eid Messages 22 Aapna Channel, 24 December 2007, 17:00 Deepam TV 23 Non-retention of off-air recordings and sponsored news bulletins up to July 2008 Karl Davies Breakfast Show 25 Tudno FM, 7 August 2008, 7:45 and 8 August 2008, 8:20 Note to Broadcasters – Recordings 26 2 Resolved BBC News 27 BBC1, 2 July 2008, 22:00 Not in Breach The F Word 29 Channel 4, 29 July 2008, 21:00 Fairness & Privacy Cases Not Upheld Complaint by Ms Jenny Thoresson made on her behalf by 30 Ms Ann-Kristin Thoresson Lyxfällan (Luxury Trap), TV3 Sweden, 12 April 2007 (and repeated 23 July 2007) 3 Standards cases In Breach World’s Most Amazing Videos TV6, 28 June 2008, 20:00 Introduction TV6 is a Swedish language channel operated by Viasat Broadcasting UK Limited (“Viasat”).