UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Reimagining Ancient
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Reimagining Ancient Agricultural Strategies and Gendered Labor in the Prehispanic Moche Valley of North Coastal Peru A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology by Dana Nicole Bardolph Committee in charge: Professor Amber M. VanDerwarker, Chair Professor Gregory D. Wilson Professor Emerita Katharina Schreiber Professor Brian R. Billman, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill June 2017 The dissertation of Dana Nicole Bardolph is approved. ____________________________________________ Brian R. Billman ____________________________________________ Katharina Schreiber ____________________________________________ Gregory D. Wilson ____________________________________________ Amber M. VanDerwarker, Committee Chair June 2017 Reimagining Ancient Agricultural Strategies and Gendered Labor in the Prehispanic Moche Valley of North Coastal Peru Copyright © 2017 by Dana Nicole Bardolph iii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to twin sister Paige, who shares my love for all things curious and far away. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I have many people to thank for their guidance, advice, and support throughout my career as an archaeologist and in my graduate studies. Foremost, I acknowledge my wonderful committee members. Amber VanDerwarker, my committee chair, has proven to be a tremendous mentor, colleague, and friend. Thank you for always being incredibly supportive and collaborative, and for pushing me to excel in every aspect of my graduate education. I also feel incredibly fortunate to have been advised by Greg Wilson. From theoretical to methodological, our conversations have fundamentally shaped me as a scholar, and you have also been a wonderful friend. Thank you to Kathe Schreiber for your expertise in all things Andean and editorial. My research has benefitted from all of our discussions, in both formal and informal settings. Thank you to Brian Billman for giving me the opportunity to collaborate on all of our projects and to serve as a staff member of MOCHE, Inc. It has been wonderful to work with you in Peru and I am so grateful for all of the collections access you have facilitated. This project would not have been possible without generous funding sources, including a Wenner Gren Dissertation Fieldwork grant, as well as grants from MOCHE, Inc., the Leal Anne Kerry Mertes Award, and the UC Santa Barbara AGSRG. The Ministry of Culture of Peru (Trujillo and Lima) granted the export permits to complete the analysis of the light fraction archaeobotanical analysis in the UC Santa Barbara Integrative Subsistence Lab (ISL). I have been fortunate to work with a wonderful group of Moche colleagues in Peru, including Alicia Boswell, Jesús Briceño, Celeste Gagnon, Belsy Gutiérrrez, Jean Hudson, Patrick Mullins, Gabriel Prieto, Jennifer Ringberg, and Julio Rucabado. I would like to v thank Eloisa Piminchumo and her family, especially sons Roby and Mateo Valderrama Piminchumo, for their help in the archaeology lab in Huanchaco. A particular thank you to Jesus Briceño for facilitating access to collections and assisting with the export permit process, and to Gabriel Prieto for the La Poza site collections loan and export assistance. Katie Chiou and BrieAnna Langlie generously provided examples of their export paperwork when I was preparing my own, and Patty Chirinos kindly assisted in export transfer from Lima. I want to acknowledge my two undergraduate interns, Sarah Bay and Destiny Harrell, who assisted in the pre-sort of my dissertation samples, along with the numerous Moche Origins Project field school students from various universities that assisted with flotation and other processing in Peru from 2011-2014. I thank Christine Hastorf for generously donating her time to consult with me on my final identifications in the McCown Archaeobotany Lab at UC Berkeley, and for granting use of the Andean comparative collections housed in that lab. Thank you also to Katie Chiou for assisting with some of my final identifications, and for identifying my ají seeds to species level! I have been fortunate to work alongside a wonderful group of grad students in the UCSB ISL over the years, including Matt Biwer, Mallory Melton, and Allison Jaqua. I would like to thank the staff members of the UCSB Anthropology department, especially Karen Anderson and Robin Roe, for always providing timely assistance and for expressing genuine interest in my research. My graduate career also has benefitted tremendously from the wisdom of other UCSB faculty; I would like to give a special thank you to James Brooks, Lynn Gamble, Mary Hancock, Jeff Hoelle, and Casey Walsh for writing letters, providing teaching feedback, or for being general soundboards for research ideas. vi Finally, this process would not have been possible without my wonderful friends and family members. Thank you to my fellow archaeology colleagues and dear friends Katie Chiou, Kristina Gill, Amy Gusick, Chris Jazwa, Shelley LaMon, and Patrick Mullins for supporting me in various ways since I began graduate school. A very special thank you to Kristin Hoppa, who has been with me since the beginning and will no doubt be there for me in the future— I could not have done this without you! I would like to thank my parents, Eileen and Tom Bardolph, for their support and encouragement. Thank you to my partner Galen Carlsen for all your love and support, especially at the end. Last but not least, I thank my twin sister Paige, who shares my passion for searching for a deeper understanding of humanity’s past. vii VITA OF DANA NICOLE BARDOLPH June 2017 EDUCATION 2017 Ph.D., Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara 2010 M.A., Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara 2006 B.A., Anthropology with High Honors, University of California, Berkeley RESEARCH INTERESTS Culture Contact and Colonialism, Gender and Identity Studies, Foodways New World Archaeology (Peruvian Andes, Southeastern U.S.), Paleoethnobotany Discipline Sociopolitics, Ethics, Gender Equity RESEARCH GRANTS AND FELLOWSHIPS 2015 Crossroads Research and Teaching Fellowship, UCSB 2015 Digital Archiving Grant, American Anthropological Association 2015 Archaeology Graduate Student Research Grant, UCSB Anthropology 2014 Conference Travel Grant, UCSB Anthropology 2014 Archaeology Graduate Student Research Grant, UCSB Anthropology 2013 Dissertation Fieldwork Grant, Wenner-Gren Foundation 2013 Humanities and Social Science Research Grant, UCSB 2013 Summer Research Stipend Award, UCSB Anthropology 2013 Doctoral Student Travel Grant, UCSB Graduate Student Association 2012 Dean’s Central Continuing Fellowship, UCSB 2012 Summer Research Stipend Award, UCSB Anthropology 2012 Leal Anne Kerry Mertes Fieldwork Grant, UCSB Geography 2011 Summer Research Stipend Award, UCSB Anthropology 2010 Pre-Doctoral Student Travel Grant, UCSB Graduate Division AWARDS AND HONORS 2012 American Anthropological Association Student Membership Award 2012 Southeastern Archaeological Conference (SEAC) Award for Best Student Paper 2012 Illinois Archaeology Society (IAS) Stephens Award for Best Graduate Student Paper 2012 Society of Ethnobiology Barbara Lawrence Award for Best Student Paper 2011 Society for American Archaeology (SAA) Ethics Bowl Winner (team captain) 2010 NSF Graduate Research Fellowhip Honorable Mention 2007 Phi Beta Kappa National Honor Society 2005 Golden Key National Honor Society 2005 Order of Omega National Honor Society 2003 UC Berkeley College of Letters and Sciences Dean’s List (Annual, 2003 – 2007) viii PUBLICATIONS (PEER-REVIEWED JOURNAL ARTICLES) 2016 Sociopolitics in Southeastern Archaeology: The Role of Gender in Scholarly Authorship. Southeastern Archaeology 35(3):175–193. (D.N. Bardolph and A.M. VanDerwarker) 2016 New World Paleoethnobotany in the New Millennium (2000–2013). Journal of Archaeological Research 24(2):125–177. (A.M. VanDerwarker, D.N. Bardolph, K.M. Hoppa, H.B. Thakar, L.S. Martin, A. Jaqua, M.E. Biwer, and K.M. Gill) 2015 Lamb Site Archaeobotanical Remains: Reconstructing Early Mississippian Plant Collection and Cultivation in the Central Illinois River Valley. Illinois Archaeology 27:151–172. (D.N. Bardolph and A.M. VanDerwarker) 2015 Lamb Site Features: Clues to Cooking and Community Organization. Illinois Archaeology 27:150–173. 2015 The Lamb Site (11Sc24): Evidence of Cahokian Contact and Mississippianization in the Central Illinois River Valley. Illinois Archaeology 27:1–12. (D.N. Bardolph and G.D. Wilson) 2014 A Critical Evaluation of Recent Gendered Publishing Trends in American Archaeology. American Antiquity 79(3):522–540. 2014 Evaluating Cahokian Contact and Mississippian Identity Politics in the Late Prehistoric Central Illinois River Valley. American Antiquity 79(1):69–89. 2013 Maize Adoption and Intensification in the Central Illinois River Valley: An Analysis of Archaeobotanical Data from the Late Woodland through Early Mississippian Periods (A.D. 400-1200). Southeastern Archaeology 32:147-168. (A.M. VanDerwarker, G.D. Wilson, and D.N. Bardolph) PUBLICATIONS (BOOK CHAPTERS) 2017 Fisherman, Farmer, Rich Man, Poor Man, Weaver, Parcialidad Chief? Household Archaeology at Cerro La Virgen, a Chimu Town within the Hinterland of Chan Chan. In New Perspectives on the Social Dynamics and Economic Interactions of Andean Maritime Communities, edited by Oscar Prieto and Daniel Sandweiss, University Press of Florida, Gainesville. In press. (B.R. Billman, D.N. Bardolph, J. Hudson, and J. Briceño) 2017 Maize