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The Ranger Review Park News National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior The Ranger Review Montezuma’s Castle, Montezuma’s Well, & Tuzigoot National Monuments And the List Goes On… By Ranger Sharlot Hart Visitors to Montezuma Castle National Monument are often awed by the ‘giant white trees’ that line the trail and shade the picnic area. These gorgeous trees are the Arizona Sycamore, Platanus wrightii, which is the only tree from the Planetree family native to Arizona, and Arizona Sycamores on the trail at Montezuma Castle. which grows along Beaver Creek of these homes. But the Arizona along constant water sources? here at Montezuma Castle. White Sycamore has the last laugh on Well, along the stream banks here and smooth from peeling bark that one: since they only grow in Arizona flash flooding can which exposes the inner bark, close to constant water sources quickly erode away soil. The these trees are beautiful-- but the width of the tree rings don’t spreading and deep roots (which that’s not what strikes me most vary with each year’s rainfall and in the trees’ eyes are for searching about them. In fact, what gets me they can’t be used to date sites out more water) help keep the tree about these trees isn’t even what and structures. in place, but also keep the soil attracts wildlife or might interest The sycamore is sturdy around the tree in place. That scientists. The Arizona Sycamore too. If supporting the roof of means less trail maintenance and is an amazing tree, and its list of Montezuma Castle isn’t enough, more enjoyment for the public attributes goes on and on and on. think about all the ladders needed too! The first thing that awed to get up into the castle each day. Don’t forget about all those (and still awes!) me about these And not just each day, but each critters who love this tree also! sycamores is the endurance of the time one of the Sinagua living Owls and other small birds use the wood. Here at Montezuma Castle there needed to carry water or hollows of old branches for the ceiling beams, some of which crops up for storage. It was wood nesting, while lizards search out you can see sticking out of the from the Arizona Sycamore that meals on the branches. So, the Castle’s adobe walls, are made of supported all that weight up and next time you look at this tree with this tree. 600 years after the down the cliff side. the peeling white bark, and the Sinagua left the Verde Valley, and So, it’s obvious that the hand-shaped (or palm for these beams continue to support a Sinagua relied on this majestic ‘palmate’) leaves, keep in mind all structure inhabited only by bats. tree, but I started this article out the other great reasons we love It would be easy to assume that by talking about current day this tree: shade for your picnic, archeologists would be giddy at visitors. These enduring, sturdy homes for birds and support for the idea of wood support beams trees that visitors find attractive an 800 year old dwelling. That list lasting that long so that they can also have strong roots. just keeps going! gain exact dates for construction Remember that they only grow The official newsletter of the Verde Valley National Monuments • Issue 1 Cornacopia: The Culture of Corn By Resource Assistant Leah Duran Ancient corn cobs – about two inches from birth to death. An ear of white corn – representing long and stripped of kernels – add a splash of a newborn’s symbolic mother – was placed on both golden-grey to dark crevices in the top floor of sides of an infant. When a Hopi woman grew old Montezuma Castle. These relics of earlier days enough to marry, she prepared a special bread called are clues to the lifestyle of the Sinagua Native qomi out of sweet corn and left it on the doorstep of Americans who occupied various sites around her chosen mate. The young man and his family the Verde Valley from roughly 1000 to 1400 AD. brought the bread inside to accept the proposal. On hot summer days long ago, women would When a man went to live spend hours grinding with his wife, he offered some corn, the life force of of his clan’s cherished corn the Sinagua. seeds for the first planting of Archeologists estimate her field. the average family ate In death, the deceased was approximately three placed with a black prayer quarts of cornmeal per stick attached to a cornhusk, day. As the women an emblem of the passing knelt over manos and physical form and a ladder to metates – large volcanic the house of the god of stones from nearby death, Masauua. Beaver Creek – the air . would carry sounds of twittering rock wrens, Corn is interwoven into the tapestry of our collective friendly chatter and ceremonial songs. history and daily lives. Indigenous peoples cultivated Peoples past had an intimate relationship this seed-bearing grass for thousands of years. Since with the natural world that sustained them. corn is not a natural crop, it needs us to survive. Corn Sinaguans couldn’t run a quick errand to the can pollinate, but cannot disperse. In the Southern grocery store, and preparing food was a Tiwa language of New Mexico, there are no words to community effort. Yet it wasn’t only about say “corn grows;” only “the farmer grows corn.” This physical labor – the entire process was part of a figure of speech recognizes the centuries-old larger cycle and cultural viewpoints that still reciprocal relationship of growth and survival persist. The modern Hopi of northern Arizona between humans and corn that continues today. claim ancestral ties to the Sinagua. One Hopi woman, Sevenka Qoyawayma, relates: “Mother corn is a promise of food and life. I grind with gratitude for the richness of our harvest, not with cross feelings of working too hard. As I *For more information on Native American stories kneel at my grinding stone, I bow my head in and traditions related to corn, read Native American prayer, thanking the great forces for Gardening by Michael Caduto. provision.”* Thus, corn represents more than food and is engrained in Native American traditions honoring the Circle of Life. Customs among Hopis demonstrate this worldview. The Hopi, whose name translates “peaceful people,” first attempted to ward off Spanish explorers by spreading lines of sacred cornmeal. Corn was an important part of pivotal events to 2 The Ranger Review Respecting and Protecting Sacred Places By: Resource Assistant Sarahanne Blake Did you know that visitors used to be able to go up into the Castle? Yep, until 1951, and they used to walk through Castle A, the ruins just a bit further down the trail, until 1979. They got to walk through these prehistoric ruins to get a first-hand look at how the Sinagua lived. This experience was once-in-a-lifetime. So why can’t we go up now? The short answer is because of your own safety and to preserve the ruins. That sounds good and all, but sometimes that reason just isn’t good enough. I mean, you’re willing to put yourself into harm’s The cliff dwelling of the Sinagua at Montezuma Castle. way to get a look at the inside of the Castle. You promise you won’t that you have to leave it. You still held because you know it’s no push anyone off the ladders on love it; you just can’t stay there longer yours. your way up. You’ll even sign that anymore. Now imagine someone As you walk around this trail or waiver that says “In the event of you don’t know comes in. They’re any other you happen upon, I injury or death you or your family poking around your room, want you to take a look at those won’t sue the park.” Plus, it’s not touching your things, maybe they ruins and picture yourself living like you’re going to take anything. stop to write their initials and the there at the height of those You just want to see it. You’ll be date on your wall, you see them sit people’s society. Furnish the really, really careful, you promise! down in the same spot you used do room with your things, hang your For one reason or another, our sit. pictures on those walls. Maybe curiosity just gets the best of us. How do you feel? Angry? Intruded turn away from the dwelling and We feel entitled to see what’s up upon? Disrespected, maybe? But look at what you’d see if you were there either because it’s our they’re not doing anything wrong. on the inside. Do you see your nation’s history, because other They’re not taking anything, kids playing in the yard? Or your people went up there, or just they’re just walking around. Plus, dog running around? because we want to. We want to you left. This place doesn’t belong Then I want you to remember that leave our mark. We want to know to you anymore. while you’re just pretending to live that we were there, and sometimes Or does it? In your mind that there, that somebody actually did. more importantly, we want other place will always be a part of you. people to know it. You’re always going to consider it I don’t know how to put into yours.
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