EUI | Robert Schuman Centre I Director: Brigid Laffan Editors: Sarah Beck, Mei Lan Goei and Elena Torta Graphic Designer: Giorgio Giamberini

Published in May 2020 by the European University Institute © European University Institute, 2020

II Table of Contents

Director’s Introduction

What We Do at the Robert Schuman Centre

Research: Programmes, Chairs and Projects

Policy Dialogue

Summer Schools, Executive Training and Online Courses

Communication and Outreach

Publications

Fellows and Fellowship Programmes

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre III Director’s Introduction In a world of increasing geopolitical competition, elections of May 2019. In March 2019, the Schuman domestic political volatility, digital transformation Centre held a policy seminar in Brussels on What and the urgency of the climate crisis, the work of Agenda for the Next European Parliament? based the Robert Schuman Centre is more important than on policy papers prepared by a group of European ever. In 2019 we built on our track record of research scholars. The Centre conducted a major project aimed excellence, competitive external funding and at helping EU citizens participate in the political and engagement with the world of practice. Our focus was electoral process. The first pillar, Spaceu2019, was on the big challenges of politics, political economy an online tool for the 2019 EP Elections, specifically and governance facing Europe and the world. During tailored for mobile EU citizens voting either in their 2019 we welcomed 121 fellows from around the country of citizenship or residence. The second world who enriched our scholarly community. pillar, euandi2019, was a Voting Advice Application During the year under review, the European politics (VAA) built to help citizens make an informed choice and governance cluster was particularly active in the 2019 EP elections, by showing which parties because of the five-yearly European Parliament stood closest to citizens’ preferences, both in their

EUI | | Robert Robert Schuman Schuman Centre Centre 1 country and all across Europe. This was the third In 2019 the Global Economics research area of the time the Schuman Centre provided this service to Global Governance Porgramme, led by Professor European citizens. We are delighted to report that Bernard Hoekman continued its work on RESPECT euandi2019 reached a record number of 1.28 million (Realising Europe’s Soft Power in External Cooperation users. In the immediate aftermath of the elections, and Trade), a Horizon 2020 funded project spanning the Centre organised a read out seminar to discuss the period 2018-2021. One output of the project the elections results. The annual Media Pluralism in 2019 was a co-published CEPR and EUI eBook: Monitor produced by the Centre for Media Pluralism 'Perspectives on the Soft Power of EU Trade Policy' and Freedom (CMPF) was identified by the new featuring more than 20 contributions from academics, Commission President Ursula von der Leyen as a practitioners, and policymakers. The Migration Policy major resource in relation to EU media policy and the Centre (MPC) continued to expand its collaboration rule of law. with partners in Africa and devoted its 2019 annual The focus on the international was pronounced in conference to the governance of migration between 2019. The Centre expanded its global reach and Africa and Europe. The Middle East Directions (MED) its research on Europe’s relations with the rest programme held an autumn school on ‘Natural of the world. A project on The Transformation Resources and Geopolitics in the MENA: Disruptions, of Global Governance held five high-level policy Transformations and Pathways’. dialogues on the governance of specific policy fields 2019 was the year in which the Florence School of namely: taxation, global financial safety nets, Banking and Finance became larger, more diverse migration, climate change, and digital networks. In and more international, ultimately consolidating its September 2019, the first results of the project were position as a point of reference for policy debate and published as an eBook: ‘Global Governance: demise training in the field of banking and finance, both in or transformation?’ edited by Professors Jean Pisani- Europe and beyond. Ferry and George Papaconstantinou. The Florence I would like to take this opportunity to thank the School of Regulation (FSR) had an intense 2019 Centre’s dedicated staff and all of our researchers building its Global Knowledge Hub at the vanguard of and fellows for their contribution to our collective research, policy dialogue and training in energy and effort and for maintaining the vibrancy of Schuman’s climate regulation. It drove innovation by exploring intellectual community. regulatory issues in new geographical areas: South Asia, Africa, and Latin America. FSR is working closely with the European Commission to build the EU-Africa Platform and the EU-China Platform.

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 2 What We

Do at the It brings together faculty members holding joint chairs with departments, Robert Schuman Chairs, Programme Directors, part-time professors, Robert post-doctoral fellows, research fellows and as- sistants, together with an administrative staff. In addition it hosts visiting fellows, EU fellows and Schuman Robert Schuman fellows. The goal of the Centre is to maintain an environment and support structure that fosters intellectual curiosity and excellent Centre research. The research agenda of the Centre is currently guided by three major themes: The Centre was created in 1992 to provide an in- • Integration, Governance and Democracy; terdisciplinary research platform at the EUI and to • Regulating Markets and Governing Money; encourage scholarship on the contemporary chal- and lenges of Europe and European integration. Part of the Centre’s mandate is to engage with the world • 21st Century World Politics and Europe. of practice on the basis of high quality research.

EUI | | Robert Robert Schuman Schuman Centre Centre 3 The Centre draws its income from a variety of sources, rections programme and the Florence School of Banking with around two thirds from externally funded grants. and Finance. Other current and recent research includes It competes actively for prestigious research grants several projects on migration, two projects on radicali- such as European Research Council and Marie Curie, sation and extremism, a major cross-national study of and co-ordinates or participates in many Horizon 2020 differentiated integration, a voting advice application projects. Some of Schuman’s research activities are and a project on the state of multilateralism and global organised in programmes or units, including the Global governance. The Schuman Centre was active in the Governance Programme, the European Governance and creation of the EUI’s Africa Platform. Its core priority is to Politics Programme, the Loyola de Palacio Programme produce high quality research and to stimulate debate on EU Energy Policy, the Migration Policy Centre and on the key challenges facing the European Union. the Florence School of Regulation, the Middle East Di-

84 Total number of Research Projects, Schools and Programmes active in 2019

60 121 124 Professors Fellows Research Fellows & Research Associates

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 4 Research: Programmes, Chairs and Projects I: Integration, Governance and the elections results (29 May). The Centre for Judicial Cooperation continued its work on legal co-operation Democracy by involving more than 450 legal practitioners in a Research on EU politics, governance and democracy knowledge exchange with foreign colleagues and has long been at the core of the Robert Schuman academics on the most relevant case law, applying Centre’s mission. 2019 was a very busy year in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. The Centre relation to this theme because of the May European for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom (CMPF) Parliament elections and the launch of a major Horizon continued its path breaking work on its annual media 2020 project on Differentiated Integration (DI). We monitoring report covering all EU member states. The paid considerable attention to the EP elections by value of the work has been recognised at the highest reaching out to voters with two on line voter advice levels within the Commission and as a result CMPF applications. In the immediate aftermath of the will play a role in the next phase of EU Media Policy elections, the European Governance and Politics and European Democracy Action Plan. Programme organised a read out seminar to discuss

EUI | | Robert Robert Schuman Schuman Centre Centre 5 The European Governance and Politics Programme

The European Governance and Politics Programme (EGPP), launched in 2018, consolidated its activities in 2019, a crucial year because of the European elections. The governance of the EGPP is structured around the Director (Brigid Laffan), the Coordinator (Lorenzo Cicchi), the staff of the programme team, and finally the EGPP Fellows and Programme Associates. These are leading scholars from different disciplines brought together by their interest in European integration and whose ongoing projects are part of the EGPP research agenda. The EGPP in 2019 reached a number of major achievements. First of all, it launched a two-fold project aimed at helping EU citizens participate in the political and electoral process: Spaceu2019 and euandi2019, a very successful Voting Advice Application that reached the record number of more than one million users. Another major achievement has been the successful application, after InDivEU in 2018, for Horizon 2020 funds.

Liesbet Hooge and Brigid Laffan, 'The Most Contested European Elections Ever?' A Read-out of the 2019 Vote for the European Parliament, 29 May 2019

'Are the Croatian and German presidencies going to have a different perspective on differentiated integration?' Interviews during the TEPSA Pre-presidency Conference, Zagreb, 29 November 2019

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 6 The action ‘Differentiation: Clustering Excellence’ (DiCE) establishes a large research network designed to support policy decisions on EU differentiation, bringing together, through their coordinators, the three successful Horizon 2020 sister projects on differentiation (EU3D, EU IDEA, InDivEU). DiCE’s overarching objective is to ensure that state-of-the-art research on differentiation Testimonial is properly translated into policy-relevant advice and "The European made accessible to policymakers at European, national Governance and Politics 133 and regional levels of governance and society, better Programme at the Robert Collaborators across preparing the EU for future differentiation scenarios. Schuman Centre has been Europe Finally, the EGPP hosted a series of high-level events, my intellectual home for including the ‘Conversations for the Future of Europe several months each year. Come the month of May, 2019’ (organised by Andrea Sangiovanni and Mette 272 Eilstrup-Sangiovanni), the annual conference, ‘The Gary Marks and I migrate Political parties analysed Effects of Multilevel Governance’ (23 and 24 May, from Chapel Hill to one organised by Liesbet Hooghe and Gary Marks) and a of the most dynamic and 5.984 read-out conference to discuss the European elections stimulating environments Policy statements coded results (29 May, with the participation of Hanspeter for research on European Kriesi, Elias Dinas, Liesbet Hooghe and Giorgia Bulli). and global politics." Liesbet Hooghe, Robert Schuman Fellow

A Lecture by Alexander Stubb on 'Europe in the New World (Dis)order' opened the new academic year on Shuman Short on 'Why is Differentiated Integration 5 September 2019, also available online. Important for Europe?', Richard Bellamy

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 7 The Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom

Since its establishment in 2011, the Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom (CMPF) has developed innovative research on media freedom and pluralism in Europe and beyond and has co-operated numerous times with international, European and national institutions on media-related policies. The Centre is co-funded by the European Union and directed by Professor Pier Luigi Parcu. The greatest achievement of the CMPF in 2019 was the successful implementation of a new edition of its flagship project: the Media Pluralism Monitor (MPM) 2020, the results of which will be published in 2020. The programme’s researchers analysed new risks to media pluralism stemming from the online environment and updated the Monitor’s indicators for measuring risks to media pluralism and freedom in a given country, adding relevant digital scope. This edition of the Media Pluralism Monitor covers all EU member states (UK included) and two EU candidate countries (Albania and Turkey). “Media pluralism is an essential part of our democratic system. You should make use of the Media Pluralism Monitor to identify risks to plurality in the media sector, and should propose cross-border projects to support independent and diverse journalistic activities.” EC President Ursula von der Leyen

Iva Nenadic and Elda Brogi, CMPF’s 2019 Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners, 24-28 June 2019

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 8 In September, EC President-elect Ursula von der Leyen sent a mission letter to Vera Jourova, EC Vice-president designated for Values and Transparency, mentioning the Media Pluralism Monitor as a tool for EC informed media policy and the rule of law. As a result, the MPM2020 run by the CMPF and its network of country experts will feed Testimonial into various strands of the European Commission's new Media Policy and European Democracy Action Plan. "CMPF is a unique project that gathers very dedicated people In 2019 the CMPF saw the publication of an important working on a tricky but critical special report on Hungarian media conglomerate Kesma, topic – measuring European which received some media coverage. Moreover, Elda media plurality. Their ability Brogi, CMPF Scientific coordinator, was appointed a to come up with solutions member of the Council of Europe Committee of Experts and delivering valuable data is on Media Environment and Reform. extraordinary. Just as working with them is inspiring." Ľuboš Kukliš, Executive Director of the Council for Broadcasting and Retransmission of Slovakia

9 Publication of discussion series articles 7 Publications submitted to Cadmus

Shuman Short on Elda Brogi, scientific coordinator of the CMPF, during the 'Computational Propaganda' Summer School for Journalists and Media Practitioners Samantha Bradshaw 2019

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 9 The Centre for Judicial Cooperation

In 2019, the Centre for Judicial Cooperation (CJC) concluded its main project ‘e-learning National Active Charter Training’ (e-NACT), funded by the European Commission’s DG Justice. Through the e-NACT collaboration, the Centre and its partners organised five transnational and ten national training workshops on topics such as freedom of expression and countering hate speech, social rights and children protection, data protection, and migration and asylum law. Across those events, the Centre involved more than 450 legal practitioners in a knowledge exchange with foreign colleagues and academics on the most relevant case law, applying the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. Since September, the Centre has been involved in a new DG Justice-funded project on ‘Knowledge, Advisory and Capacity Building Information Tool for Criminal Procedural Rights in Judicial Cooperation’. The project is led by the University of Bologna and focuses on the current framework for the protection of fundamental rights for persons accused or suspected of a crime. The project will develop an online platform for advice and support on the effectiveness of procedural rights, providing a free service. The platform is targeted e-NACT Final Conference, Brussels (Institut de formation judiciaire), towards legal professionals, but will also be available to 26 November 2019 650 law students, NGOs and all EU citizens. Users have followed Alongside its training activities, the Centre organised the e-NACT e-learning seven lectures as part of its ‘Lecture series’ inviting course academics, policy-makers and legal practitioners to present their research or opinions on recent developments in areas of law. Lecture topics included the impact of technology over fundamental rights Video presenting the e-NACT e-learning course in collaboration application, the modified role of judges in national with Global Campus of Human Rights proceedings, the effects of the migration crisis and the responses adopted at the European and national level.

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 10 JOINT CHAIRS

Philipp Genschel Elias Dinas

In 2019, Professor Philipp Genschel continued to work In 2019 Professor Elias Dinas’ research resulted in on the global history of modern taxation together with six articles published in international peer-reviewed Laura Seelkopf (Ludwig Maximilians University Munich). journals. An article in the American Political Science Based on a comprehensive data set of the dates of the Review showed how exposure to refugee inflows first permanent introduction of six key taxes of the affects people’s political preferences. Looking at the modern state for 220 jurisdictions worldwide, they case of Greece, he and his co-authors found that higher prepared an edited volume on the timing and sequence levels of exposure to asylum seekers boosts support for of tax diffusion around the world, the manuscript of the radical right. which is now under review with Oxford University Press. He also worked on a project that tried to find ways to His second project deals with governance, more combat such prejudice and xenophobia. In particular, specifically the ‘governor’s dilemma’ between agent together with Vicky Fouka (Stanford) and Alain competence and principal control. His collaborators are Schläpfer (Santa Clara), he researched the role of family Ken Abbott (Arizona State University), Duncan Snidal experience of forced displacement. They showed that (Oxford), and Bernhard Zangl (Ludwig Maximilians descendants of those displaced are considerably more University). The manuscript will be published with likely to hold positive views towards today’s asylum Oxford University Press in 2020. seekers if reminded of their family history. The paper is A third project explores the European Integration of forthcoming in Journal of Politics. core state powers, together with Björn Bremer (Max He also started a new research agenda, looking at how Planck Institute) and Markus Jachtenfuchs (Hertie societal norms can change, leading to behavioural School). He is also involved in the Horizon 2020 project shifts, with particular emphasis on the normalisation of InDivEU working on ‘Differentiated Integration of core previously stigmatised symbols, focusing on the case of state powers’. post-authoritarian regimes. His research was presented in various conferences around the world.

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 11 II: Regulating Markets and Governing Money

The European single market and the Euro are at the heart of the political economy of Europe and Network Industries? How to regulate them?’ 2019 central to the work of the Schuman Centre. Research was the year in which the Florence School of Banking at the Schuman Centre on these critical regimes and Finance became larger, more diverse and more is undertaken under the auspices of the Florence international, ultimately consolidating its position as School of Regulation (FSR), the Florence School of a point of reference for policy debate and training in Banking and Finance (FBF), the Pierre Werner Chair the field of banking and finance, both in Europe and and the Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa Chair. FSR had beyond. The School increased the scope and extent an intense year building its Global Knowledge Hub of its training activities, organising during the year at the vanguard of research, policy dialogue and 20 executive training courses at its premises in training in energy and climate regulation. It drove Florence (+53% with respect to 2018). With this innovation by exploring regulatory issues in new increase, the School responded to the training geographical areas: South Asia, Africa, and Latin needs of banking and finance professionals, covering America. The creation of a Knowledge Hub with more diverse and novel topics including anti-money national and international partners in India was laundering, climate risks, securitisation, insurance particularly noteworthy. FSR Transport coordinated risks, and FinTech. The School became closer to a the FSR ‘Annual Conference on the Regulation of much bigger public of banking and financial experts Infrastructures (CRI)’ on ‘Digital Platforms - The New all around the world.

EUI | | Robert Robert Schuman Schuman Centre Centre 1212 Florence School of Regulation Energy & Climate The Florence School of Regulation (FSR) Energy & Climate is a fully integrated global knowledge platform, driving innovation by exploring regulatory issues in new geographical areas: South Asia, Africa, and Latin America. In 2019, the FSR launched a Global Knowledge Hub in India in partnership with leading international and multilateral organisations. The FSR Gas Area, in cooperation with the European Commission DG Energy, created the ‘Sector Coupling Platform’ supporting the Madrid Forum. The Area expanded its global reach through extended activity in Asia (China, Indonesia, Japan) via training, research projects and workshops. FSR Climate published the final report 'A literature- based assessment of the EU ETS' of the LIFE SIDE project and started the new EU-funded project LIFE DICET – Deepening International Cooperation on Emissions Trading. FSR Climate also organised several major events, including the Third Carbon Market Workshop with the European Commission’s

Life will tell whether the project LIFE DICET manages to enhance dialogue and cooperation across Emission Trading Systems regulators, as we hope and firmly believe. Life will tell whether Emission Trading Systems can play an increasingly Ilaria Conti and participants, Florence School of Regulation (FSR) and important role for decarbonization in the future, as the rapid spread of these Perusahaan Gas Negara (PGN) Workshop, 21 January 2019 instruments in many countries seems to suggest. Life will tell whether mankind manages to stop global warming and rapidly address the urgent challenge posed 'Take a walk with us!' A video on by climate change, as the Fridays for Future movement calls for. FSR Energy & Climate Simone Borghesi, Director of FSR Climate

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 13 DG Climate Action, a Summer School on ‘Economic Foundations for Energy and Climate Policies’ in Berlin and Executive Trainings on Climate Governance, Climate Finance and Responsible Banking. Its members published 12 articles in major research journals including Ecological Economics, Climate Policy and Environmental and Resource Economics. FSR Energy signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the new Director of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), Francesco La Camera, and with the Chairman of the Supervisory Agency of Investment of Energy and Mining of the Republic of Peru, Daniel Schmerler. New partnerships were set up with the EU-China Platform and the EU-Africa High- Level Platform. Three new online courses were launched in the new EUI’s learning platform and one new residential training was offered in Florence. In 2019 FSR Energy awarded the first FSR Lights on Women Scholarship committing further towards connecting, training and supporting women in energy. It also launched the #NetZero podcast series to tap into the minds of key actors involved in the Energy Transition, and the new initiative on Twitter #askFSR fostering interaction between the online community and the FSR research team.

FSR Global Forum, Florence, 25-28 March 2019

LIFE DICET Online debate: 'Linking Emissions Trading Systems in the Paris Agreement era', 20 December, 2019

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 14 Florence School of Regulation Communications and Media

In 2019 the Florence School of Regulation Com- In addition, the Programme organised a number of munication and Media (FSR C&M) started a new scientific and policy events, throughout the year, multi-annual research project titled ‘Innovation and among which: Intellectual Property in the digital age. Global chal- Seminar for Judges specialised in Electronic lenges and European responses’, to address the chal- Communications: Ensuring ’ predictable market lenges that digital technologies and culture pose to regulation in an ever-changing environment’, or- the notion of intellectual property, in the context ganised on behalf of the European Commission of the introduction of 5G and of the take-off of the (DG CNECT) in Brussels. Internet of Things. The FSR C&M continued its regular training activities The Annual Scientific Seminar on Media and the for policy-makers and regulators. The new joint annual Digital Economy, in March and co-organised with training with the Florence Competition Programme the Centre for Media Pluralism and Freedom on ‘Competition & Regulation for the Digital Era’ took and the Florence Competition Programme. The place in Florence in two parts: one in October and world-leading annual Conference on Postal and one in December. In April, the Programme carried out Delivery Economics, which this year took place an ad-hoc course for the German Regulator on ‘Data in Dublin, Ireland, 'The Way Towards the Internet Driven Economy and Network Industries’. of Things: Open Standards vs Silos', an international conference focusing on the emergence of models to produce, transfer and commercialise innovation and the implications for technological advancement and competition policy.

The 9th FSR Communication and Media conference of the 'EECC and its impact on investment in very high capacity networks', 13 Dicember 2019 Interview with Daniel Rubinfeld, Keynote Speaker at the Scientific Seminar on Media and the Digital Economy, 21-22 March in Florence. 'The Way Towards the Internet of Things: Open Standards vs Silos', Interview with Nikos Isaris, November 2019.

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 15 The Florence School of Regulation Transport

In 2019 the Florence School of Regulation Transport In anticipation of the Von der Leyen Commission’s (FSR Transport) organised several events in Florence, entry into service, in November 2019, FSR-Transport Budapest and Helsinki. At these ‘Policy Fora’, co- published its Manifesto for the Next Five Years organised with the European Commission’s DG MOVE, of EU Regulation of Transport, outlining its vision a number of highly topical issues were discussed for advancing the Single European Transport Area including air ticket distribution and multimodal by turning the challenges of decarbonisation and ticketing, the internalisation of the external costs digitalisation into opportunities. of transport, the future of the EU’s airport slots In 2019 FSR Transport produced a study for the allocationregime, a sustainable digital eco-system for public transport operator of the Basque Country maritime transport, and the role of digitalisation in and undertook joint research with the Ukrainian reviving rail freight. think-tank Centre for Economic Strategy on Ukrainian FSR Transport coordinates the FSR ‘Annual Conference railway market liberalisation. on the Regulation of Infrastructures (CRI)’. The topic of FSR Transport welcomed four new donors: two CRI in 2019 was ‘Digital Platforms - The New Network tech companies e-Dreams Odigeo and Amadeus, as Industries? How to regulate them?’ More than 20 well as Budapest Airport and the Airports Council papers were presented with a total of 70 attendees. International (ACI) Europe. The keynote speech was delivered by Mr. Werner Stengg, Head of Unit E-Commerce and Platforms, at the Commission’s DG CNECT. In 2019, FSR Transport founded the ‘Digitalising Infrastructure Group of Experts’ (DIGEX) with the objective of sharing knowledge on the digitalisation of infrastructure.

7 Policy Forums with > 280 participants Matthias Finger, '6TH Florence Intermodal Forum: Multimodal Ticketing and Payment Systems in EU', New donors 4 13 September 2019 1 Academic Conference with > 70 participants, 21 papers presented Keynote speech of the FSR Annual conference 2019, by Werner Stengg, European Commission

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 16 Pierre Werner Chair

Professor Ramon Marimon is the chair holder of the Pierre Werner Chair (PWC). Aiming to further research and policy debate on economic policy and the political economy of European monetary integration, numerous conferences, seminars, workshops and lectures were organised in 2019. In June, a workshop on ‘A Dynamic Economic and Monetary Union’ was held in the context of the Barcelona GSE Summer Forum (co-sponsored with the European Stability Mechanism). In October, the PWC mini-conference on ‘Debt and Default’ took place with external speakers from the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, the European Stability Mechanism, and others. In May 2019 the European Stability Mechanism and the European University Institute signed a contract for a research project to fill a knowledge gap in the optimal design of the contracts between euro area countries and a European Stability Fund (ESF) that can discourage procyclical fiscal policies and promote greater risk sharing. Reinforced synergies were developed between the Chair and the Department of Economics with joint events. The Pierre Werner Chair has continued to collaborate with the Max Weber Programme by funding the Max Weber Fellow Francesco Molteni, who published a Working Paper on Liquidity, government bonds and sovereign debt crises. In September 2019 Stelios Professor Ramon Marimon Tsiaras started his two-year PWC funded Max Weber Fellowship, researching ‘unconventional monetary policy in the Euro Area and its impact on the macroeconomy, welfare and inequality’. In 2019, the PWC has continued its research on the – still in transition -- fiscal and monetary framework of the European Union. An agenda which involves EUI PhDs and post-doctoral fellows, as well leading international researchers, and, starting 2019, a formal collaboration with European Stability Mechanism.

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 17 17 The Florence Competition Programme In 2019, the Florence Competition Programme (FCP) concluded the third edition of its Annual Training on EU Competition Law and Economics. In particular, the third residential block in April focused on recent developments in merger control and was concluded by an advanced seminar on ‘Assessing Innovation Theories of Harm in EU Merger Control’. Participants included 28 professionals from different countries, from competition agencies, law firms, economic consultancies and academia. The FCP organised a number of policy events. In particular, on 20 September a workshop with Assonime on ‘Innovation and Market Power in Food Supply Chain’; on 25 October, the fourth FCP Annual Conference discussed ‘Hipster Antitrust; the European Way?’; on 25 November a seminar on ‘EU State Aid Policy: The Forecast for the Next Five Years’ was hosted by Bird&Bird Brussels office. Finally, this year the number of FCP market donors and partners increased. In particular, UNCTAD concluded a Memorandum of Understanding with the EUI to Over 300 establish new forms of cooperation in the context of National judges from 24 the Florence Competition Programme. Pier Luigi Parcu, 'Data Standardisation: Implications for Enforcement and EU Member States have In 2019, ENTraNCE for Judges achieved its 9th edition Competition', March 2019 attended the ENTraNCE and focused on the interaction of IP and competition for Judges since its first law. 26 judges from different EU Member States edition in 2011 attended the residential training in February and the final workshop in October in Florence.

EU State Aid Policy Seminar in Brussels, 28 November 2019, Interview Nicola Pesaresi

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 18 Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa Chair

5 2019 was a crucial year for the Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa Events organised during Chair in European Economic and Monetary Integration the year and its main research project, ‘The Transformation of Global Governance,’ an initiative with the School of Transnational Governance. The project, launched 230+ in Spring 2018, analyses the forms of cooperation in Participants in all 2019 governance in different sectors, assesses the nature topic-specific seminars and effectiveness of emerging arrangements, and maps out the future avenues of global governance. The activities of the Chair in 2019 have been concentrated on the organisation of five final high- level policy dialogues on the governance of specific policy fields dealt with in the project: namely, taxation, global financial safety nets, migration, climate change, and digital networks. Each of these events promoted interaction between academics, policy-makers and practitioners, drawn from national or international administrations, business, and civil society, and fostered the establishment of a community of leading actors in global governance, centred around the Chair. This community will contribute to the upcoming final conference marking the end of the project, and help disseminate its output. Georges Papaconstantinou and Jean Pisani-Ferry, Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa Chair, 'The In September 2019, the first results of the project were Most Contested European Elections Ever? A Read-out of the 2019 Vote for the European published as an e-book: ‘Global Governance: demise Parliament', 29 May 2019 or transformation?’ edited by Jean Pisani-Ferry and George Papaconstantinou. It will be updated in 2020 to add the insights of the most recent seminars.

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 19 The Chair’s activities fostered numerous external partnerships, with relevant institutions and bodies, as Loyola de Palacio Chair well as think tanks, research centres and schools of governance worldwide, including the Hertie School of Founded in 2008, the Chair honours Loyola de Governance, the European Climate Foundation, the Palacio, the former Vice-President of the European United Kingdom’s HM Treasury, the London School of Commission and Commissioner for Energy and Economics and the OECD. Transport (1999-2004). The Chair acts as the 8 In addition, the Chair consolidated its relations with academic counterpart of the FSR Energy, focusing on New partnerships other units at the European University Institute, most the interconnected fields of energy economics, law with leading notably the School of Transnational Governance, and regulation as well as geo-politics. organisations but also the Florence School of Regulation and the Migration Policy Centre. Max Weber Programme fellows contributed regularly to the Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa working group.

Testimonial "Global governance keeps demonstrating what a vast and complex field it is, and in turn how ambitious the project is. But it is this depth and breadth, and the project’s wide-ranging blend of theory with policy-orientedness that has gathered interest and Seminar on the ‘Governance of Global Tax Coordination’ in Paris, attention from important 18-19 February 2019 stakeholder circles." Jean Pisani-Ferry, chair holder of the Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa Chair.

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 20 Florence School of Banking & Finance

2019 was the year in which the Florence School of Banking and Finance (FBF) became larger, more diverse and more international, ultimately further consolidating its position as a point of reference for policy debate and training in the field of banking and finance, in Europe and beyond. The School considerably increased the scope and extent of its training activities, organising 20 executive training courses at its premises in Florence (+53% with respect to 2018). With this increase, the School became more adept in responding to the training needs of banking and finance professionals, covering more diverse and novel topics including anti-money laundering, climate risks, securitisation, insurance risks, and FinTech. To increase the global appeal of the School, five scholarships were granted to course participants from lower and lower-middle income countries. 53% In terms of its policy debate activities, the FBF More training courses continued in the tradition of organising high-profile lectures, conferences and seminars, leveraging on its 87% academic expertise and on the combined experience of More online seminars its network of experts. During 2019 the School fostered - several occasions for debate and discussion involving over 60 speakers, which successfully placed the FBF on 2,800+ Participants in all policy the radar of a wide range of organisations in the sector, debate and training including but not limited to universities, European institutions, think tanks, and private firms. events in 2019 'The Annual Conference of the Florence School of Banking and Finance', 25 April 2019

Video recording of the lecture ‘The Journey Towards Making Banks Resolvable’ a high-level lecture by Elke König, Chair of the Single Resolution Board, March 2019

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 21 Last but not least, the FBF significantly improved its online presence. Through an increase in 87% in the number of live-streamed online events, which featured over 70 expert speakers, and by a two-fold increase in website visits and social media followers with respect to 2018, the School reached out to even Testimonial more banking and financial experts around the world. "The Florence School of Banking and Finance is Over 140 increasingly recognised as Experts from academia, a leading organisation for EU institutions, private training and finance policy sector spoke at FBF debate activities in academia training and policy events and among those working the in 2019 intergovernmental European institutions as well as, increasingly, by practitioners

Over 600 in the private sector like Participants in training myself. This welcoming activities in 2019 community of scholars also strongly encouraged my participation and teaching on its expanding number of residential & online courses, seminars, workshops and a podcast as well as my ongoing research on the Global Financial Crisis, soon to be published as a monograph." ‘The Journey Towards Making Banks Resolvable’ a high-level lecture, March 2019, Jean Jacques van Helten, by Elke König, Chair of the Single Resolution Board Visiting Fellow, 2018 - 2020

Interviews with authors of the eBook ‘European Financial Infrastructure in the Face of New Challenges’, published in September 2019

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 22 JOINT CHAIRS

David Levine

The year 2019 saw the culmination of Professor David Levine’s long-term research programme with Salvatore Modica on conflict-driven evolution. Their empirical work arguing that the industrial revolution in Europe was largely due to two events in China - the invention of the cannon, and the de-population of Mongolia by Genghis Kahn - is now complete. They published an overview of their work in a paper ‘State Power and Conflict Driven Evolution’ for the Handbook of Historical Economics, forthcoming. This highlights their basic evolutionary methods and conclusions for a variety of issues ranging from Malthusianism (the idea that population growth is potentially exponential while the growth of the food supply is linear) to the industrial revolution. His research findings were presented when he gave a keynote speech on ‘The Reputation Trap’ at the fifth Lancaster Game Theory Conference in November. Finally, he published an essay on climate change on his website, which was widely discussed online and his review essay on ‘Radical Markets’ appeared in the Journal of Economic Literature.

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 23 III. 21st Century World Politics and Europe

At the beginning of the third decade of the 21st think tank experts to develop potential grand strat- century, the international system is in the throes of egies for the EU. In 2019 GGP’s Cultural Pluralism profound change characterised by great power com- pillar dedicated much of its work to exploring issues petition, a weakening of multilateral institutions, related to secularism, religion and different forms of digitalisation and a growing number of challenges extremism through two EU funded projects. GGP’s that require a collective response. These changes of Global Citizenship Observatory (GLOBALCIT) also which Europe is a part, will shape the destiny of the successfully implemented two EU-funded projects. continent for decades ahead. Key programmes at In 2019 the Global Economics pillar continued its the Schuman Centre, Migration Policy Centre (MPC) work on RESPECT (Realising Europe’s Soft Power in Global Governance (GGP) and Middle East Directions External Cooperation and Trade), a Horizon 2020 (MED) focus on the world beyond Europe and on funded project spanning the period 2018-2021. The Europe’s relations with the wider global system. All Middle East Directions Programme (MED), directed research areas in the Global Governance Programme by Luigi Narbone continued its focus on radicalisa- (GGP) had an active year. A highlight of the Europe tion, Jihadism, transformations of the religious field; in the World pillar was a Seminar with the title ‘Does the Libyan and Syrian conflicts’ dynamics, roots and Europe Need a Grand Strategy? Exploring Competing consequences; the new regional political economy, Visions for the EU’s Role in the World’’ which brought the stabilisation and reconstruction efforts. together 42 academic specialists, policymakers and

EUI | | Robert Robert Schuman Schuman Centre Centre 2424 The Global Governance Programme After ten successful years of organising Executive Training Seminars in the framework of the Academy of Global Governance, in July 2019 the programme held its last series of seminars, which were led by Giovanni B. Andornino. As of the academic year 2019-2020 residential trainings similar to the ones of the Academy can be followed at the School of Transnational Governance of the European Universi- ty Institute. GGP’s portfolio of free online trainings grew with three new courses – ‘Governing Religion: European Challenges and Asian Approaches’, ‘Religion, Radicalisation, Resilience’, and ‘Culture in the Digital Age’. In 2019 the Global Governance Programme’s team entered a very busy period implementing six Horizon 2020 projects, half of which are led by the GGP, two European Research Council grant projects and many other research initiatives. The year was marked by a focus on media partnerships and multi- media materials aiming to explain social phenomena and present research results. The ‘Radicalisation, Secularism and the Govern- ance of Religion: Bringing together European and Asian Perspectives’ (GREASE) and ‘BRaVE: Building Resilience against Violent Extremism and Polarisation’ (BRaVE) projects have been partnering with Open Democracy on their blog devoted to critically examining the dynamics behind religiously-justified violent radicalisation and far-right extremism. The SIRIUS (Skills and Integration of Migrants, Refugees and Asylum Applicants in European Labour Markets) project launched 'WORKERS' - an interactive documentary focusing on the integration of refugees and migrant workers in the European job market. In partnership with UNCTAD, the Global Economics team started an international trade video series on rules of origin – a concept that explains which passport products travel under and how it shapes business and Executive Training Seminar (ETS) on ‘Evidence-Based Policy-Making: policy. From Data to Decision-Making’, June 2019 Over the past year, the Global Governance Programme’s team worked intensively on creating a better, faster and more user-friendly website. It has implemented new design and structure. In addition, the content was simplified and reorganised, so that all visitors can find the event, project or research topic of their interest in the easiest way possible.

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 25 Global Economics

The Global Economics research area continued to pursue policy-relevant research activities, characterised by its multi-disciplinary approach, comprising a mix of political science, law and economics. New externally funded research projects on WTO reform, voluntary sus- tainability standards, trade in services and the effects of public procurement regulation were launched. The Global Economics continued its work on RESPECT Testimonial (Realising Europe’s Soft Power in External Cooperation “My time at the Global and Trade), a Horizon 2020 funded project spanning the Governance Programme period 2018-2021. and the Robert Schuman One output of the project in 2019 was a co-published Centre was invaluable and CEPR and EUI e-book, Perspectives on the Soft Power very productive, helping me of EU Trade Policy, featuring more than 20 contribu- enormously professionally. tions from academics, practitioners, and policymak- Excellent research facilities, ers. Other publications included Behind-the-Border scholars from around the Policies: Assessing and Addressing Nontariff Measures world, and the Fiesole (Cambridge University Press), bringing together many hillside make for an ideal papers presented at the 2017 World Trade Forum held place to thrive academically at the EUI and another e-book, co-published with CEPR and make wonderful and the International Trade Centre, Women Shaping memories to cherish.” Global Economic Governance. Aydin Baris Yildirim, Max Major meetings included the annual WTO case law Weber Fellow conference, a long-standing project led by Chad Bown (Petersen Institute) and Petros Mavroidis (Columbia Over 20 Law School) that teams up lawyers and economists books and contributions who analyse disputes brought to the WTO; the Asia-EU published in in refereed Trade Workshop and Roundtable, which brought journals and conference scholars from the Asia-Pacific region to discuss the volumes EU-Asia trade developments and China’s Belt & Road initiative; and the World Trade Forum, a joint venture Asia-EU Trade Workshop and Roundtable, 31 May 2019 with the World Trade Institute (University of Bern) that brought together officials from the European Commis- sion, national governments, and international organisa- A Research Project on the Strategic Potential of EU tions and trade practitioners and scholars. The theme of External Trade Policy, by Bernard Hoekman the 2019 conference was multilateralism and the WTO China EU US Trade Wars and the Role of RESPECT crisis. Project by Xinquan Tu

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 26 Global Citizenship Observatory (GLOBALCIT)

In 2019, GLOBALCIT continued its fact-based and non- partisan analysis of citizenship and the franchise by means of production and maintenance of databases and indicators, publication of country and comparative reports, working papers, books and academic articles, forum debates, and review symposiums. In addition, the team successfully implemented two EU- funded projects. Between January 2018 and June 2019, GLOBALCIT participated in FAIR EU, a project on the inclusion of mobile EU citizens in their host country’s civic and political life. The Observatory’s contribution to FAIR EU includes 28 reports on political participation, a synthesis report, and policy recommendations. As a member of the EU-CITZEN network, GLOBALCIT provided expertise to the European Commission on trends in acquisition and loss of EU citizenship. In 2019, this research area published country reports on citizenship laws of Angola, Azerbaijan, Estonia, Mozambique, South Korea, Uganda, and Zimbabwe, as well as a thematic Working Paper entitled 'Let me vote in your country, and I’ll let you vote in mine: a proposal for transnational democracy', based on a GLOBALCIT forum debate. Together with the Global Citizenship Governance project (GCG), we moderated the forum debate ‘Cities vs States: Should Urban Citizenship be Emancipated from Nationality?’, subsequently re- posted on Verfassungsblog. Rainer Baubock, Jelena Dzankic, and Jo Shaw, 'GLOBALCIT Annual Conference: The Value of Citizenship for Individuals and States', 21 November 2019

“GLOBALCIT is the go-to website for everything related to research on citizenship. Edited books (R. Bauböck) based on forum debates It is full of useful resources, including detailed country reports, citizenship 2 were published in open access (Springer, 2018): 'Debating databases, updates on new research and citizenship-relevant news and European Citizenship' has had 97,655 downloads and 'Debating commentary. Best of all, the site and databases are constantly being expanded Transformations of National Citizenship' 130,000. and updated. I find it to be an extremely valuable resource for research and An open access article by Schmid, Piccoli and Arrighi 'Non- teaching”. Yossi Harpaz, Tel-Aviv University universal suffrage: measuring electoral inclusion in contemporary democracies' (2019) was downloaded more than 2,000 times. EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 27 In the course of the year, GLOBALCIT organised 8 three events in synergy with the EUI and external Country reports on partners. These include a workshop on deportation political participation of and denationalisation, a lecture on the legal forms of mobile EU citizens diaspora engagement in South Korea, and an annual conference on ‘The Value of Citizenship for Individuals Testimonial 7 and States’. The latter gathered 50 participants from around the world and was co-financed by the ERC "GLOBALCIT is an essential Country reports on resource for lawyers, citizenship laws around project 'Migrant Life Course and Legal Status Transitions' (MiLifeStatus). political scientists, policy the world analysts and normative Dissemination is a very important component via social theorists of citizenship media presence (Facebook, Twitter), the GLOBALCIT acquisition and loss at a 21 Spotlights (newsletter), and user-friendly infographics Other research outputs time when these have come drawing on our databases. related to GLOBALCIT to centre stage in politics. Through its workshops and Dual Citizenship conferences, it has fostered Legal status of citizenship held by a person simultaneously in two(dual citizenship) an expanding and inclusive network of scholars. As or more states (multiple citizenship) primarily a normative theorist of citizenship, my own research and teaching has benefited greatly from GLOBACIT’s depth and complexity, which is essential to a normative political theory that can engage with law and policy in this area." Iseult Hohonan, University College Dublin

Number of countries that accept dual citizenship for different categories of migrants.

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 28 EU BORDER CARE GlobalCitLaw TheGlobalCitLaw project led by Liav Orgad and EU Border Care is an ERC-funded project which funded by the European Research Council consists started in 2015, directed by Vanessa Grotti. It is of three parts: a comparative study of the politics of maternity care among undocumented migrants on the EU’s 1) New technologies are about to change the peripheries, with a focus on Europe’s most densely conditions under which individuals organise crossed borderlands in France, Greece, Italy, and societies and participate in decision-making. Spain. The project identifies directions that emerging technologies could potentially lead to and reflects In 2019, the project entered its final phase, with a on how it should be governed. strong focus on the dissemination of the project’s Testimonial research and output produced. In particular the 2) EU citizenship is in crisis. While the scale of team organised three workshops, in collaboration this crisis is disputed, alternative futures have "The Global Governance with Panteion University (Athens), Ca’ Foscari been offered or promoted. The project explores Programme offers the 3 (Venice) and Columbia University (New York). They alternative futures for European citizenship such as perfect experience for Workshops organised attended international conferences and participated autonomous Union status, functional citizenship, scholars who want a and four presentations to in high-level dissemination initiatives geared associative citizenship, earned citizenship, and stimulating academic public engagement events towards non-academic audiences, organised by federalisation—full or partial. environment with the the European Parliament, UN Women and UNAIDS. potential to have impact. 4 Its comic 'Expecting' was presented at international 3) Urban citizenship in mega-cities is a central I loved the interactions Peer-reviewed articles comic festivals in preparation for its release asa subject for any future development of global between different full-feature graphic novel published by Casterman citizenship governance. The project seeks to disciplines, on topics in September 2020. New ethnographic fieldwork explore the legal status of cities and, in particular, ranging from robot rights, was also conducted to continue gathering data: the possible meaning and essence of the this to blockchain governance, in Albania, Italy and Overseas France (Mayotte). concept. to the emerging Missions were organised in Greece and Mayotte Chinese Social Credit to present research findings to gatekeepers and System, touching upon stakeholders, as well as research participants. fundamental questions while looking towards the future." Wessel Reijers, Max Weber fellow, 2018-2020

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 29 Cultural Pluralism

Europe is witnessing a (persistent) paradox: while Europeans become increasingly unchurched and religiously indifferent, there is also an opposed current that makes religion assertively present in the media, in politics and in everyday life through the vilification of religious minorities, Muslims in particular. The explanation to this paradox seems to lie in two factors: on one hand a growing islamophobia that targets Muslims who are suspected not to be ‘loyal citizens’, and on the other hand, a growing feeling among Europeans that religion should not be in the public sphere. European Testimonial societies are at risk of a reciprocal polarisation between "The GREASE project brings those who adhere to Islamist extremist currents and together an ambitious those who favour the far right and its own version of GREASE project and challenging research white supremacism. agenda with researchers Two MOOCs attracted a total of over In 2019 the Cultural Pluralism area dedicated much from a dozen countries in of its work to exploring these issues through two EU- 1,200 learners: “Governing religious ways that make a highly funded projects: the GREASE project on Radicalisation, diversity: European challenges and complex undertaking Secularism and the Governance of Religion: Bringing Asian approaches” was launched in appear seamless. This together European and Asian Perspectives, and the June 2019, and “Religion, Radicalisa- has been supplemented BRaVE project on Building Resilience against Violent tion, Resilience” in September-Octo- by access to a lively and Extremism. ber 2019. relevant range of research Through comparative analytical and empirical research seminars and activities across Europe, Asia, North Africa and the Middle East, that offer a chance to and with a large network of academic and stakeholder extend and deepen partners the teams explored the legal, institutional and research dialogue on political arrangements adopted to manage religious contemporary social issues diversity and build resilience against violent extremisms. and challenges." They have created online educational tools, films, a Michele Grossman, Robert blog space and academic papers to foster a constructive Schuman Fellow debate among experts and policy makers on how to best address these challenge today and in the future. 23 The Cultural Pluralism area experimented with a number Country reports of IT tools to help bring scientific evidence closer to its end users, such as the WORKEEN app developed by the Horizon project SIRIUS). 23 Country Profiles

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 30 Europe in the World: International Relations, International Security, World Politics This research area of the Global Governance Programme is directed by Professor Ulrich Krotz and links the study of Europe’s role in the world to the central changes and challenges in international politics and security. It brings together junior and established experts from a Testimonial wide range of disciplines:more than 40 PhD candidates, Max Weber Fellows, Jean Monnet Fellows, Marie "The research area Europe Skłodowska-Curie Fellows, faculty members and policy- in the World is a dynamic, makers. exciting and prolific forum for discussions about In 2019, members of the research area published Europe’s role(s) in the four books, on counterterrorism, regional economic modern and contemporary development, relations between the EU and the Middle international system. Being East and North Africa, and Europe’s external relations part of this research group during the Cold War. They also published more than 40 has given me a wonderful articles in peer-reviewed journals and edited volumes. opportunity to engage Ulrich Krotz, Robin Markwica and Corinna Unger with cutting-edge scholarly coordinate a seminar series, which gives scholars the debates and to strengthen opportunity to present current research projects. In my empirical and policy- 2019, this included a total of 14 sessions on topics relevant knowledge." as diverse as the governance of European security Silvia D’Amato, Max Weber industries, private-sector involvement in agriculture in Fellow (2018-20). Europe and Africa, business elites in the European Single Market, European counterterrorism, among others. Eva Pejsova presents on Europe’s security strategy in Asia at the Executive Training Seminar ‘Does Europe Need a Grand Strategy?’ on 20-22 May 2019 “The times when Europeans could ignore issues of international peace and conflict are over. As Europe’s security environment is becoming increasingly complex and uncertain, a better understanding of the key challenges and the development of appropriate policies and strategies are more urgent than ever.” Ulrich Krotz, Director of the research area Europe in the World

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 31 In May 2019, the research area organised an Executive Training Seminar entitled Does‘ Europe Need a Grand Strategy? Exploring Competing Visions for the EU’s Role in the World’. The seminar brought together 42 academic specialists, policymakers and think tank experts to develop potential grand strategies for the EU. The participants defined Europe’s core security and economic interests as well as visions for its role in the world. They also devised alternative grand strategies detailing their respective costs, benefits and risks.

Gaby Umbach and Jonathan Breckon, 'Evidence-Based Policy-Making: From Data to Decision-Makin' (GLOBALSTAT), 12-14 June 2019

In January 2019, GlobalStat was very prolific in terms of participation in international conferences and production of data material. The year started with the launch of its new upgraded and data visualisation-focused web platform developed in cooperation with the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) with new and advanced data visualisation tools. At the beginning of the year, GlobalStat also integrated a new research project, Trends in global governance and Europe's role (TRIGGER), into its project family. In January 2019, GlobalStat co-organised a workshop on ‘E-Democracy‘ with the Robert Schuman Centre’s European Parliament Fellow, Giancarlo Vilella (Director-General of the EP’s General-Directorate for Innovation and Technological Support) and held two Executive 4 Training Seminars on ‘Evidence-Based Policy-Making: From Data to Decision-Making’ in cooperation with Global Governance Programme Issues of GlobalStat- and the EUI’s School of Transnational Governance. In 2019 GlobalStat participated in many key conferences, and published the Data EPRS infographic series Dossier on ‘21st Century Democracy in Europe’ and the Data visualisation video for the EUI’s State of the Union 2019 Conference. Finally, “At a Glance: Economic in 2019 GlobalStat Director Gaby Umbach became Board Member for the Institut für Europäische Politik in Berlin and Editorial Board indicators and trade Member forEvaluation and Program Planning, an international journal. with EU” on China, India, MERCOSUR, USA “In times of post-factual debates new challenges arise for the dissemination of data. It is no longer sufficient to ‘just’ 6 produce high quality data. While accuracy and reliability of data are essential preconditions for data quality, accessibility Issues of the and user-friendliness have become key facilitators of the actual use of data in the public debate.To attract different user new GlobalStat-EPRS groups and increase the use of factual evidence in the public debate, we have designed a new GlobalStat website that publication series makes working with data even more appealing.” Gaby Umbach, Director GlobalStat ‘Living in the EU’

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 32 Migration Policy Centre

The Migration Policy Centre (MPC) conducts advanced research on the transnational governance of international migration, asylum and mobility. It aims to provide new ideas, rigorous evidence and critical thinking to inform major European and global policy debates. The Programme’s research, executive training programmes, and policy dialogues are focused on six broad themes: public attitudes to migration and migration policies; migration governance; migration and development; the link between labour markets, welfare states, and migration policies; border enforcement, migration control, and mobility practises; and the links between research, public debates, and policy-making on migration. In 2019, the work and activities inall these areas expanded significantly. The MPC’s Observatory of Public Attitudes to Migration (OPAM) published a series of reports on public attitudes to migration in the Mediterranean area. The newOPAM Scientific Hub synthesises and makes available findings from a large number of studies on the determinants of public attitudes to immigration. Public attitudes have also been a key focus of the MPC’s contribution to the Mercator Dialogue on Asylum and Migration (MEDAM), an international research alliance that conducts new research to inform European asylum and migration policies. MEDAM published two papers on Europeans’ preferences for asylum and refugee policies. MPC Annual Conference, 23-24 May 2019

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 33 The Horizon 2020 funded REMINDER project analysed how the characteristics of national welfare states influence public attitudes to free movement in the European Union. In the area of migration governance, the MPC published two major international comparative volumes: ‘The Testimonial Dynamics of Regional Migration Governance’, based "The course far exceeded on ‘Prospects for International Migration Governance my expectations. I learned (MIGPROSP)’, a five-year European Research Council- 8 a tremendous amount funded research project; and Bridging the Gaps: Linking externally-funded projects of relevant information Research to Public Debates and Policy Making on not only from high quality Migration and Integration, a book providing analyses lectures and engaging +600 of the gaps between migration debates and migration classroom activities, participants in events realities, and how can they be reduced. The MPC but also from the other hosted several policy dialogue events including on the students attending, an impact migration would have on the 2019 European incredibly diverse and Parliament elections in Brussels, on how the European talented group. Overall, centre-right is handling immigration in the wake of the the program was well-run, migration crisis, and on the Italian Decree on Security topical, and informative. I and Immigration. Along with the Finnish Presidency would highly recommend it and the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), the to anyone interested in this MPC co-organised the “Tampere 20 Year Anniversary” field of study." conference to review the current EU Justice and Home Affairs framework. Vanessa Ruget, Associate Professor, Department of In 2019, the Migration Policy Centre continued to Ambassador Ajay Bramdeo and Mehari Taddele Maru, The Political Science, Salem expand its collaboration and connections with partners Migration Policy Centre Annual Conference, 23-24 May State University - Salem, in Africa. Together with the International Organisation 2019 Massachusetts, MPC for Migration (IOM), the Centre has established the Summer School 2019 'Enhancing Research, Analysis and Policy', E-RAP Network, which is an initiative to enhance research analysis and policy on African migration by supporting early career African researchers. The MPC Annual Conference 2019 focused on the relationships between knowledge production, attitudes and governance on migration between Africa and Europe. Together with the School of Transnational Governance, the MPC awarded scholarships to participants from Uganda, South Africa, Egypt and Ethiopia to join its 15th Migration Summer School.

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 34 Middle East Directions Programme

The Middle East Directions Programme, directed by Luigi Narbone, was launched in 2016. It capitalises on the experience of its predecessor the Mediterranean Programme led by Olivier Roy, who is currently Scientific Advisor. The Programme focuses on radicalisation, Jihadism, transformations of the religious field; the Libyan and Syrian conflicts’ dynamics, roots and consequences; the new regional political economy, the stabilisation and reconstruction efforts. During the fourth year of activity, the Programme consolidated by regularly publishing academic and policy relevant papers; organising policy dialogues; developing its projects; increasing the outreach and dissemination. The Programme organises training activities including the Autumn School on ‘Natural Resources and Geopolitics in the MENA: Disruptions, Transformations and Pathways’ and the on ‘Economy in War-torn Countries: Pathways to Recovery and Reconstruction’, both co-organised with the School of Transnational Governance.

“After almost a decade of crises and conflicts in the MENA, stabilisation has become the guiding principle for the action of the international community. What exactly do we mean by ‘stabilisation’? The concept remains poorly defined and highly contentious. The complexity of MENA conflicts would call for long-term context-specific strategies and actions, but the need for order and control seems to prevail over the need to MEDirections Annual Conference 'Conflicts and Natural Resources in the MENA address underlying drivers of conflict.” Region and its Immediate Neighbourhood', 21-22 October 2019 Luigi Narbone, Director of the Middle East Directions Programme

The call for change in Algeria: Understanding domestic and regional transformations | Interviews (Playlist)

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 35 The ‘Wartime and Post-Conflict in Syria’ project, directed by Agnès Favier and funded by the EU, focuses on policy- relevant themes, including: key actors and dynamics of local governance; war economy and its impact on the future reconstruction; fragmentation of the military and security landscape; and regional interventions. The ‘Libya Initiative’, led by Virginie Collombier, has two main focuses: the dialogue support and the fieldwork 23 research, based on the mentorship of local analysts, Events organised aimed to inform policymakers through analysis of the key dynamics and ongoing transformations. 22 Funded under the EU’s Horizon 2020 and coordinated Publications on Cadmus, by the Freie Universität in Berlin, the Programme in English and Arabic, participates in the ‘Europe’s External Action and the Dual with over 26,400 views Challenges of Limited Statehood and Contested Orders (1,200 each on average): project (EU-LISTCO)’ that investigates the challenges 1 e-Book; 18 research posed to European foreign policy by identifying risks project reports; 3 policy connected to areas of limited statehood and contested briefs orders. 3 'Social Dialogue Meetings’ MEDirections Autumn School 'Natural Resources and Geopolitics in the organised in Tunis in the MENA', 23-25 October 2019 framework of the Libya initiative

Rome MED Dialogue 2019: New approaches to post-conflict stabilisation and reconstruction | Interview with Luigi Narbone

What is happening in Libya? What are the implications of the Tripoli’s battlefield? Podcast with Rebecca Murray and Virginie Collombier

What does the 5th wave of the Arab Barometer tell us about social and political changes in the MENA? EU-LISTCO lecture by Prof Khalil Shikaki

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 36 JOINT CHAIRS

Olivier Roy Jürgen Kurtz

Professor Olivier Roy devoted most of 2019 to the study In 2019 Professor Jürgen Kurtz, together with Cosimo of religion in the public space, focusing on both the Beverelli (World Trade Organisation) and Damian Raess debate on religion versus secularism and inter-religious (University of Bern), completed an edited manuscript dialogue. His aim was to look for a new approach titled ‘International Trade, Investment and the beyond conflictual relations, or ‘Is Islam compatible Sustainable Development Goals’. The book features with Europe?’, as well as wishful thinking, or rather contributions from political scientists, economists and ‘Religions are for peace’. trade lawyers, and will be published by Cambridge The promotion of his book Is‘ Europe Christian?’ (Hurst University Press as part of its World Trade Forum series 2019) provided a good opportunity to give academic in 2020. and public lectures around Europe and to engage in the Given the outbreak of protectionism in 2019, he debate with both religious and secularist milieus, in the began a collaboration with Professor Anne van Aaken context of the rise of populist movements. (University of Hamburg) on a project exploring the He was involved in several high-level meetings on inter- insights of behavioural law-and-economics to both religious dialogue, including the visit of Pope Francis understand contemporary protectionist drivers as to Abu Dhabi in February 2019, a public debate with well as to fashion (and evaluate) international legal Muhammad Bin Abdul Karim Al-Issa, Secretary General responses. Part of the project has been published as of the Muslim World League, in Rimini in August, and ‘Beyond Rational Choice: International Trade Law and the annual encounter of Sant’Egidio ‘Ponte di Pace’ in the Behavioral Political Economy of Protectionism’ in Madrid in October. the Journal of International Economic Law. Drawing on empirical and theoretical analysis, they challenged the claims of rationality inherent in the formation of contemporary trade policy.

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 37 Policy Dialogue A core feature of the Robert Schuman Centre’s ‘Brexit: which way forward?’, which took place in mission is to engage with the world of practice Brussels. through high-level policy dialogue. The model that The European Governance and Politics Programme has been developed over the years brings together organised two workshops on European politics. The academics and practitioners in different formats - first one took place in Brussels in March on‘What workshops, seminars, and restricted roundtables. Agenda for the Next European Parliament?’, where The Schuman Centre can play a distinctive role by the EUI wanted to highlight the issues that were at providing a European-level forum that is not regarded the heart of the political agenda at that juncture and as belonging to any one member state. where a number of ‘EP Elections Policy Papers’ on all With Brexit, the European elections and the new major issues were presented. agenda for the European Union, 2019 was an eventful The second workshop, in October on ‘The Multiannual year for European politics. In January, the Schuman Financial Framework and EU Policies 2021-2027: Centre in collaboration with the European Policy The EU towards 2030’, aimed to assess which policy Centre organised a Policy Dialogue Roundtable on options could contribute to shape the EU policies for

EUI | | Robert Robert Schuman Schuman Centre Centre 3838 the next decade. The keynote speech was given by from financial institutions, national governments, EU Pier Carlo Padoan. institutions, and academia. The Florence School of Regulation Communications & In May, a Policy Dialogue organised by the Migration EUI-EP Policy Roundtables Media organised a seminar on ‘Ensuring Predictable Policy Centre on ‘Europe’s turning point on Market Regulation in an Ever-Changing Environment’ migration? Politics, policy and predictions ahead of in Brussels with the European Commission DG CNECT. the 2019 elections’ brought together expertise from In March, the ‘FSR Global Forum 2019 World Energy the worlds of academia, journalism and public policy In 2014 the European University Institute signed Transition’ was a four-day event fostering practice- to discuss the politics and policy of migration at the a Memorandum of Understanding with the oriented solutions on key aspects of the world energy 2019 European Parliament elections, including recent European Parliament. Within this framework transition. changes in public attitudes, party positions, likely the Robert Schuman Centre has been organising a number of policy dialogues each year: the so- In October, the Florence Competition Programme future policy dynamics. called ‘EUI-EP Policy Roundtables’. held its Annual Conference ‘Hipster Antitrust, The European Way’, which discussed the main ideas In January a workshop was organised on behind the new Hipster Antitrust movement in ‘E-Democracy – Opportunities and Challenges’ USA and its influence on EU competition policy and by Giancarlo Vilella and Gaby Umbach with the beyond. participation of Vice-President of the European Parliament Fabio Massimo Castaldo. On 2 May The Middle East Directions Programme Annual during the State of the Union 2019 edition Myriam Conference ‘Conflicts and Natural Resources in the Goinard organised a side event on ‘Punching MENA Region and its Immediate Neighbourhood’ above its weight? European Parliament’s analysed how natural resources are affecting the diplomacy in support of democracy in the EU’s stability of the MENA region and their potential to do Eastern Neighbourhood since 2014. so in the future. In 2019, as part of this partnership, the Schuman The 2019 Florence School of Banking and Finance Centre hosted three fellows: Giancarlo Vilella and Annual Conference ‘European Financial Infrastructure Marika Armanovica as EP Fellows and Myriam in the Face of New Challenges’ focused on the topic of Goinard as Visiting Fellow from the European ‘Institutions and the Crisis’ and gathered participants Parliament.

The MFF & EU Policies 2021-2027: The EU towards 2030: Roundtable Ambition or Continuity, thekeynote speech was given by Pier Carlo Padoan

What is de facto Cosmopolitanism? by Amin Moghadam

FSR Global Forum 2019 World Energy Transition

Annual Conference ‘European Financial Infrastructure in the Face of New Challenges’

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 39 Summer Schools, Executive Training and Online Courses

The organisation of professional training is one of the main activities of the Robert Schuman Centre,. In 2019, almost 90 training seminars and professional courses took place of which 27 were online courses, as well as three Massive Open Online Courses.

EUI | | Robert Robert Schuman Schuman Centre Centre 4040 Summer Schools MEDirections Autumn School The MEDirections Autumn School on Natural Summer School for Journalists and Media Resources and Geopolitics in the MENA: Disruptions, Practitioners Transformations and Pathways took place in October and provided policy-makers, practitioners and In June 2019 the Centre for Media Pluralism and academics with a thorough understanding of the Media Freedom (CMPF) hosted 28 journalists from most relevant factors affecting liberated areas and all over Europe and beyond for the eighth edition the broader region. Three case studies were central of its Summer School for Journalists and Media to the programme: Syria, Iraq and Libya. It was Practitioners. The summer school focused on Covering attended by 17 participants, 8 from the MENA region Political Campaigns in the Age of the Data, Algorithms and 9 from Europe. and Artificial Intelligence, with distinguished experts and scholars from the fields of journalism and media policy. Florence School of Regulation Summer School

The Florence School of Regulation Energy organises two Summer Schools every year. The Summer School on the Regulation of Energy Utilities took place in June 2019 with 31 participants. 15th Migration Summer School

The MPC organised its 15th Migration Summer School focusing on ‘Bridging the Gaps: Connecting research, public debates and policy-making on migration’. It welcomed a mix of postgraduate students, civil servants, international organisations’ practitioners, NGO workers, policy analysts and teachers from around the world. The MPC collaborated with the School of Transnational Governance to provide seven scholarship places to participants from developing countries including Uganda, South Africa, Egypt and Ethiopia. Migration Policy Centre Summer School, 24 June - 5 July 2019

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 41 that combines academic, research-based knowledge Executive Training Seminars and and evidence-based practice. The audience constitutes Online Courses a fruitful mix of both academics and junior to senior level professionals (from EU institutions, international organisations, NGOs, national administrations, and Florence School of Banking and Finance private enterprises). The Florence School of Banking and Finance (FBF) In 2019, seven courses took place between March significantly increased its activities with 53% more and July, attended by over 150 participants. The AGG training courses, and 87% more online seminars with continued its collaboration with institutions outside respect to the year before. With this increase, the the European University Institute: all the training School covered more diverse and novel topics including seminars included external collaborators as scientific anti-money laundering, climate risks, securitisation, co-coordinators - Giovanni Andornino (Torino World insurance risks, and FinTech. It consolidates its Affairs Institute), Chad P. Bown (Peterson Institute) establishment as a point of reference for executive and Marina Henke (Northwestern University). training activities among professionals and experts in the field of banking and finance. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) Global Governance Programme The Cultural Pluralism area of the GGP offers a Since its creation in 2010, the Academy of Global whole library of Massive Open Online Courses run in Governance (AGG) offered Executive Training Seminars collaboration with heirt MOOC partner Futurelearn. on a wide range of topics covering all research areas of Two new MOOCs, Governing religious diversity: Over 600 the Global Governance Programme. More than 1,600 European challenges and Asian approaches and Participants in training participants have since been trained by renowned Religion, Radicalisation, Resilience were launched in activities in 2019 scholars and practitioners, who share a training model 2019 with a new one due to be launched in 2020. Over 150 Participants from institutions

Participants From 72 countries (10 new ones in 2019 from Asia, Africa and Central America)

Over 140 Experts from academia, EU institutions, private sector spoke at FBF training and policy events

Florence School of Banking and Finance Online Training EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 42 Florence School of Regulation Florence Competition Programme and ENTRaNCE In 2019 the Energy & Climate area of the Florence School of Regulation expanded to include three new In 2019, two major training courses were organised in online courses in the new EUI’s learning platform the context of the Florence Competition Programme (BrightSpace D2L) and one new residential training (FCP). The Annual Training on ‘Competition & was offered in Florence. FSR Climate offered three Regulation for the Digital Era’, including online Executive Trainings, together with the School of training and three residential blocks in Florence, is an Transnational Governance, on Climate Governance, advanced, interdisciplinary training for professionals Climate Finance and Responsible Banking. in law and economics, which focuses on recent In 2019 the Florence School of Regulation developments in competition policy. The 9th edition Communications and Media (FSR C&M) organised the of ENTraNCE for Judges, addressing ‘Interaction of 9th edition of the Annual Training. ‘Business Models, IP and Competition Law’, also took place in 2019, Innovation and Regulation of the Digital World’ took attended by 26 judges from different EU Member place in November 2018, February and May 2019. States. Since it started nine years ago this training has been attended by more than 200 participants, half of which were officials from 39 NRAs and NCAs. 1,367 Total number of participants at FSR Energy’s trainings

126 113

67 88 European Institution/Body/Agency Development Organisation TSO Government Organisation 207 Academia 232 DSO 1,367 National Regulatory Authority Total participants Private Sector Other

258 216

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 43 Communication and Outreach

Communication and outreach activities are appropriate audiences without getting lost in the Introimportant complementary components of continuous stream of online information. the academic work carried out at the Robert In order to make the Centre’s communication Schuman Centre. In 2019, the Centre has activities more efficient we also improved our regularly disseminated its research, events technical infrastructure in terms of audio-visual and publications through different channels: equipment. This allowed us to also create more newsletters, the Programmes’ websites and effective workflows with colleagues across the social media channels, and contacts with the Programmes and increase the quality of our press, both at national and international level. outputs. A novelty of 2019 in the field of communication The European Parliament’s elections in May has been the more frequent use of digital 2019 were a key moment for communication marketing campaigns (on Facebook, Linkedin and in particular for the European Governance and Google) by the Schuman Programmes, in order Politics Programme and its two projects exclusively to ensure that such rich production reaches the

EUI || Robert Robert Schuman Schuman Centre Centre 4444 dedicated to these elections: EUandI and SpaceEU, use more regularly of paid campaigns on this channel. The EUandI voting advice application was particularly In particular, the EUandI campaign ran in the weeks successful also thanks to several media partnerships before the European Parliament’s elections (see also with national outlets across Member States, which the European Governance and Politics Programme made the tool available on their websites. chapter) reaching out broadly across Europe. Livestreaming of key events has become more In addition, LinkedIn was used more frequently for frequent in the course of the year. The new academic digital marketing campaigns, in particular by the year started in September with a lecture by Alexander teams at the Florence Competition Programme and Stubb on 'Europe in the New World (Dis)order', which the Florence School of Banking and Finance, who was also livestreamed. Live streaming of events took chose this channel to promote their trainings to place more frequently in particular at the Migration specific target audiences. Policy Centre via Facebook, with stronger efforts Finally, in 2019 the Centre launched a new video to make people aware of these events online and series named ‘Schuman Shorts’, made of one-minute consequently more live interactions. videos explaining key complex concepts in simple The Schuman Centre developed an online platform on and accessible words to a large audience. The series Africa, to give visibility to the many existing activities was well received and largely disseminated both related to the African continent where the European via organic posting on social media and via regular University Institute is involved, including research, paid campaigns on Google, which in return made training and publications. This platform is part of the the Schuman Centre’s video production more visible efforts that the Institute is making to generate and online. disseminate knowledge as well as develop capacities together with and for African institutions, scholars, policy-makers and leaders. Social Media

The Robert Schuman Centre has an active Twitter account (@RobSchuCentre), which reached almost 7,000 followers by the end of the year, with total monthly impressions ranging from 90.9K in the summer period to more than 101K in the autumn and winter months. The most successful posts appear to be on current affairs topics such as migration, Brexit and the European Parliament elections, as well as the announcements of policy-related events, the Summer schools, vacancy notices as well as new publications. The Robert Schuman Centre has a Facebook channel that mainly reproduces a selection of posts disseminated via Twitter; reaching out to up to 5,500 followers. In 2019, the Centre started to make A Differentiated Europe facing Brexit: What Can We Learn From the Norway Model?, 2019

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 45 Audio-visual Production Robert Schuman Centre Newsletter

In 2019, the Centre’s programmes produced an Aside from sending weekly overviews of its activities important volume of photo and audio-visual output: to the EUI community, since October 2017 the Robert 78 photo albums were published on Flickr Schuman Centre has also re-introduced a bi-monthly between the Robert Schuman Centre and the newsletter. The initial recipients of the newsletter Florence School of Regulation’s channels; were the Alumni of the Centre, but subscription 21 live, online public events (livestreams, is open to all and is now reaching more than 2,000 webinars, debates); recipients. 86 podcasts were published on the Schuman Centre’s soundcloud channel with about 3,500 plays, and about 40 podcasts on the FSR channel with 15,700 total plays. 110 videos were published across the different channels of the Programmes. The Schuman Centre gained about 400 new subscribers to its Youtube channel in the course of the year, reaching more than 90,000 views. This remarkable increase in numbers can be linked to the use of the paid digital marketing campaigns made for the Schuman Shorts (see above).

Op-eds and Media Coverage

In 2019, the Schuman Centre continued to have numerous appearances on media outlets with about 55 opinion pieces published externally, and a particularly prolific production by Tommaso Padoa- Schioppa Chair Jean Pisani-Ferry with his regular column on Project Syndicat, and Mark Galeotti, a world-leading expert on Russia who was a Jean Monnet Fellow at the Centre for a year. Director Brigid Laffan also published several op-eds on Brexit. Communications Training for Academics - Speaking to the Media: a Training on How to In the course of 2019, professors and fellows of the Deliver Interviews Effectively, 2019 Schuman Centre were interviewed and/or quoted in the media. In total, there were about 400 mentions on different outlets including the Guardian, the BBC, Le Monde, Al Jazeera, the Financial Times.

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 46 Publications

The Robert Schuman Centre saw a very prolific HOOGHE, Liesbet, LENZ, Tobias, MARKS, Gary; production of publications in 2019. Schuman scholars A theory of international organization; Oxford: published 42 books, 46 contributions to books, 107 Oxford University Press, 2019, Transformations in working papers, 163 articles in journals, 63 research governance. reports, 27 policy briefs and 14 policy papers. Among the highlights, which covered a wide range of Contributions to Books topics and research areas, are the following: GROTTI, Vanessa, BRIGHTMAN, Marc; Comparison Books and difference: kinship, nurture and personhood in Amazonia and the Mediterranean; Geremia BLONDEL, Jean; African presidential republics; COMETTI, Pierre LE ROUX, Tiziana MANICONE Abingdon: Routledge, 2019, African governance; 9. and Nastassja MARTIN (eds), Au seuil de la forêt : hommage à Philippe Descola l’anthropologue de la DZANKIC, Jelena; The global market for investor nature, Mirebeau-sur-Bèze : Tautem éditions, 2019, citizenship; Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019, Political pp. 379-390. science and international studies.

EUI | | Robert Robert Schuman Schuman Centre Centre 4747 HERITIER, Adrienne; Hidden power shifts: multilevel governance and interstitial institutional change Working Papers in Europe; Nathalie BEHNKE, Jörg BROSCHEK and The five most viewed papers (number of file visits as Jared SONNICKSEN (eds), Configurations, dynamics of April 2020) were the following: and mechanisms of multilevel governance, Cham : Palgrave Macmillan, 2019, Comparative territorial 1. JEANNET, Anne-Marie, ADEMMER, Esther, RUHS, politics series. Martin, and STÖHR, Tobias. What asylum and refugee policies do Europeans want?: evidence TOSHKOV, Dimiter; Does Euroscepticism influence from a cross-national conjoint experiment. Euro- compliance and enforcement of EU law in the pean University Institute-Robert Schuman Centre, member states?; Clara RAUCHEGGER and Anna 2019/73 (3,023 file visits) WALLERMAN (eds), The Eurosceptic challenge : From rebel rule to a national implementation and interpretation ofEU 2. AL-JABASSINI, Abdullah. post-capitulation era in Daraa Southern Syria: the Law, Oxford : Hart Publishing, 2019, EU law in the impacts and outcomes of rebel behaviour during member states ; 4, pp. 27-46. negotiations. European University Institute-Rob- Articles ert Schuman Centre, 2019/06 (2,046 file visits) 3. LAÏDI, Zaki. Is Europe ready for power politics? Eu- BAUBÖCK, Rainer; A multilevel theory of democratic ropean University Institute-Robert Schuman Cen- secession; Ethnopolitics, 2019, Vol. 18, No. 3 (SI), pp. tre, 2019/42 (1,512 file visits) 227-246. 4. GLACHANT, Jean-Michel. New business models BOHLE, Dorothee, GRESKOVITS, Béla; Politicising in the electricity sector. European University Insti- embedded neoliberalism: continuity and change tute-Robert Schuman Centre, 2019/44 (1,314 file in Hungary’s development model; West European visits) politics, 2019, Vol. 42, No. 5 (SI), pp. 1069-1093. 5. RECCHI, Ettore, DEUTSCHMANN, Emanuel, and Estimating transnational human D’AMATO, Silvia, LAVIZZARI, Anna; The migration VESPE, Michele. triangle: narratives, justice and the politics of mobility on a global scale. European University migration in France; International spectator, 2019, Institute-Robert Schuman Centre, 2019/30 (1,152 Vol. 54, No. 3, (SI), pp. 37-53; European Union (EU). file visits)

HOEKMAN, Bernard M.; Urgent and important: improving WTO performance by revisiting working practices; Journal of world trade, 2019, Vol. 53, No. 3, pp. 373-394.

RUHS, Martin; Can labor immigration work for refugees?; Current history, 2019, Vol. 118, No. 804, pp. 22-28; [Migration Policy Centre].

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 48 Policy Briefs

The Robert Schuman Centre produced 27 Policy Briefs; the three most viewed papers as of April 2020 were the following:

1. CUSUMANO, Eugenio, and VILLA, Matteo. Sea rescue NGOs: a pull factor of irregular migration? Policy Briefs, 2019/22 (14,896 file visits)

2. CORSI, Cecilia. Evaluating the “Salvini Decree”: doubts of constitutional legitimacy. Policy Briefs, 2019/06 (950 file visits)

3. NARBONE, Luigi. What prospects for stabilisation and reconstruction in the Middle East and North Africa? Policy Briefs, 2019/04 (704 file visits)

The Policy Brief 'Sea rescue NGOs : a pull factor of irregular migration?' written by Eugenio Cusumano and Matteo Villa, was published on 18 November. In 24 hours the paper had more than 4,000 page views and downloads and it is the most viewed and downloaded publication that the EUI repository Cadmus has ever had. The authors examined migratory flows from Libya to Italy monthly between 2014 and 2018, and daily between January and October 2019. They have found no relationship between the presence of NGOs at sea and the number of migrants leaving Libyan shores.

EUI | Robert Schuman Centre 49 Fellows and Fellowship with a research project on which they work during their stay at the Centre, while also participating in the academic life of the Centre and the Institute. In 2019 Programmes the Schuman Centre hosted 19 Jean Monnet Fellows. Robert Schuman Fellowships are awarded by invitation to senior scholars or practitioners who In 2019 the Robert Schuman Centre hosted spend three to ten months at the Centre. This year approximately 120 scholars and practitioners for a 16 Robert Schuman Fellows were in residence at the longer or shorter stay at the Centre within one of our Centre. various fellowship programmes. The Centre is a host institution for the EU Fellowship Max Weber Fellows are young post-docs who have Programme that offers EU officials opportunities for obtained their doctorate less than five years ago. personal and professional development by spending They are hosted and mentored at the Centre and time at a university. The Centre also hosts EP Fellows participate in the EUI Max Weber Programme, a on the basis of an agreement with the European training programme preparing young post-docs for an Parliament. In 2019 we hosted three EU and EP academic career. In 2019 the Centre hosted 19 Max Fellows. Weber Fellows. In addition to fellows selected through one of these Jean Monnet Fellows are scholars who have obtained specific fellowship programmes, we hosted 62 visiting their doctorate at least five years ago. They apply fellows.

EUI | | Robert Robert Schuman Schuman Centre Centre 5050 QM-AQ-20-001-EN-N

The European Commission supports the EUI through the European Union budget. ISBN:978-92-9084-888-2 This publication reflects the views only of the author(s), and the Commission cannot ISSN:2443-6763 be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. doi:10.2870/776420

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