BOLTEC 26(2): 65-104. 1993
COMUNICACION
BIBLIOGRAFIA SOBRE LA CARAMBOLA (Averrhoa carambola L. )
Jaime E. García 1
PROLOGO Al tener en cuenta que uno de los objetivos básicos de cual- Esta trabajo de recopila- quier programa de desarrollo ción bibliográfica se ha con- agrícola es propiciar el in- cebido como medio para contri- cremento de la producción de buir a promover el desarrollo alimentos para el consumo na- de labores investigativas y de cional o para la exportación, planificación que incidan direc- esfuerzos como el presente tamente en el fomento de la pueden ayudar a contribuir efec- producción y la productividad tivamente a encontrar nuevas de la carambola (Averrhoa ca- opciones en la búsqueda de rambola L.). soluciones a la compleja pro- blemática del sector. Con tal propósito, el Comité Editorial del Boletín Técnico Se espera que esta biblio- de la Estación Experimental grafía tenga una completa uti- Agrícola Fabio Baudrit M., aten- lización por parte de técnicos dió la iniciativa del Dr. Jaime y personas interesadas en la García G., de presentar una producción y el procesamiento bibliografía sobre el cultivo de esta fruta, al poder dispo- de carambola. Este trabajo es ner de la información necesaria el fruto de la búsqueda intensi- como base para planificar y va de citas bibliográficas en ejecutar acciones positivas en diversas bibliotecas y bases de beneficio de los sectores datos, tanto en Costa Rica como involucrados. en otros países, en los últimos quince años.
1 Ph.D., Oficina de Extensión Comunitaria y Conservación del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Estatal a Distancia. Costa Rica (Convenio UNED-UCR). Para consultas dirigirse a la Biblioteca del Centro Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Costa Rica, Fax: (506)53-3762. 66 BOLETIN TECNICO ESTACION EXPERIMENTAL FABIO BAUDRIT M.
INTRODUCCION do en el continente a nivel de "patio" mayormente. Sus carac- Son diversos y numerosos los terísticas intrínsecas hacen que nombres bajo los cuales se cono- esta planta pueda ser indus- ce a la fruta del árbol Averrhoa trializada y comercializada con carambola L. en el mundo. Entre éxito de múltiples maneras: como estos se encuentran los siguien- plantas ornamentales, conser- tes: "carambo-la" y "tiriguro" vas, mermeladas, jaleas, en Costa Rica; "cornichón" en compotas, jarabe, jugos, vinos, las Antillas Francesas; "limas sorbetes, helados, vinagre, de cayena" en Brasil; "tamarindo encurtidos, aditivo a purés (cuan- chino" y "tamarindo culí" en do su sabor fuerte a especies Venezuela; "fruta estrella" (star pueda dar carácter a otras fru- fruit) en los Estados Unidos; tas menos notorias), bebidas "fruta cinco esquinas" (five refrescantes, gelatinas, cara- corner fruit) en Australia y melos, pasteles, budines, etc. como "durazno exótico" en la Además, su inherente apariencia provincia china de Fukien. Su exótica, atrayente color "oro" y origen asiático es aceptado en gratísimo aroma hacen parecer a forma general entre los diversos esta fruta con un gran potencial autores. de comer-cialización como fruta fresca en los mercados estado- Taxonómicamente pertenece a unidenses, canadienses y euro- la familia Oxalidaceae y su peos principalmente. género fue dado en honor a Abul'l—Walid Mohammed Ibn Achmed Gran parte de las citas Ibn Mohammed Ibn Roschd (1126— descritas en este trabajo se 1198 o 1149—1217), caste- encuentran para su consulta en llanizado como Averroes, el fi- la biblioteca del Centro de lósofo árabe más conocido en la Investigaciones en Tecnología europa cristiana cuyas doctri- de Alimentos (CITA) de la Uni- nas filosóficas (inclinadas ha- versidad de Costa Rica. cia el panteísmo y el materia- lismo) fueron muy difundidas en las escuelas de la Edad Media y AGRADECIMIENTO en el norte de Italia durante el renacimiento. En cuanto al La impresión de esta pu- nombre de su especie, se sabe que blicación se hizo posible gra- éste viene dado por el nombre cias a la ayuda otorgada por la indostani de la planta. Estación Experimental Agríco- la Fabio Baudrid M. de la Uni- Posiblemente esta planta fue versidad de Costa Rica. Valga introducida en América a fina- el reconocimiento también para les del siglo XVIII. Desde todas aquellas personas e ins- entonces, se le sigue cultivan- tituciones que en alguna u otra GARCIA: BIBLIOGRAFIA CARAMBOLA 67 forma contribuyeron en la ela- — Juan Francisco Menchú del boración de esta bibliografía: Instituto Centroamericano de Investigación y Tecnolo- — Guillermo Sancho M. y Wal- gía Industrial (ICAITI, ter González M. de la Esta- Guatemala); ción Agrícola Experimental Fabio Baudrit M. de la — C. Fricker de la Societe Universidad de Costa Rica. Commerciale Des Potasses et de L'azote (SCPA, Francia); — David R. Hoyt y Robert J. Knight Jr. del Departamen- — Valerie J. Hewitt del to de Agricultura de los Tropical Products Institute EE.UU.; (Inglaterra);
— A.G. Kramer del Royal Tro- — A. Von Peter y H. Künzli pical Institute (Holanda); del Institut International de la Potasse (Suiza); — Orlando Rigitano y Lourival Carmo Monaco da — Vietmeyer y Berely Cottom Secretaría de Agricultura de la Academia Nacional de del Estado de Sao Paulo Ciencias de los EE.UU.; (Brasil); — Jesús Domínguez Gil y — Consuelo Jaramillo de Edgar E. Mora Blancas de la Giraldo del Instituto Comisión Nacional de Fru- Colombiano Agropecuario ticultura (México); (ICA, Colombia); — A.N. Rao de la Universidad — Carl W. Campbell de la de Singapur; Universidad de Florida (EE.UU.); — Orlando Lazardi del Fondo de Desarrollo Frutícola — K. Becker de la Organi- (Venezuela); zación de las Naciones Uni- das para la Agricultura y — Célio S. Moreira da Uni- Alimentación (Roma, Ita- versidad de São Paulo lia); (Brasil);
— P.F. Butler, G.J. Snowball — Alejo von der Pahlen del y J. V. Possingham del Instituto Nacional de Commonwealth Scientific Tecnología Agropecuaria and Industrial Research (Argentina); Organization (CSIRO, Austra- lia); 68 BOLETIN TECNICO ESTACION EXPERIMENTAL FABIO BAUDRIT M.
— Judith W. Stafford de la culture and Plantation League for International Food Crops (Inglaterra); Education (Life, EE.UU.); — S. Veretenicoff del — R.A. Hamilton de la Uni- Institut de Recherches sur versidad de Hawaii en Manoa les Fruits et Agrumes (Pa- (EE.UU.); rís, Francia).
— Susan L. Tattersall del Tropical Products Institute Foodsearch (India); CLASIFICACION TAXONOMICA — Margaret J. Mustard; Reino Plantae División Magnoliophyta — Luz del Carmen González Clase Magnoliopsida Carvajal de la Biblioteca Carlos Monge Alfaro de la Subclase V Rosidae Universidad de Costa Rica; Orden Geraniales Familia Oxalidaceae — Ubaldino Dantas Machado y Género Averrhoa Iëda Muñiz de Almeida da Especie A. carambola Empresa Brasileira de Pes- Fuente:Cronquist, A. 1988. The quisa Agropecuaria (EMBRA- evolution and classification PA, Brasil); of flowering plants. 2nd ed. The New York Botanical —D.O'D. Bourke de la Com- Garden. Bronx, N.Y. Allen monwealth Bureau of Horti- Press, Inc. Lawrence, Kansas.
Nombres comunes de la Averrhoa carambola L.:
NOMBRE IDIOMA O PAIS
Aklicon Togo Asom djorbing Batak (Java) Atsan Togo (lenguaje mina) Avarea Honduras Averroa ascellare Italiano Bainang soolapa Mak. (Java) Baknil kaslooir Kai (Java) Baleebi totofooko Halmaheira (Java) Baleerëng Boeg. (Java) Balimba Malayo Balimbeeëng manih Minangkabau (Java) Balimbieng manih Sumatra (Java) Balimbiëng manih Sumatra (Java) GARCIA: BIBLIOGRAFIA CARAMBOLA 69
NOMBRE IDIOMA O PAIS
Balimbing Filipinas Balimbing manis Djambi, Manado, Sumatra (Java) Balimbing djorbing Batak (Java) Balingbin Java. Archipiélago de la Sonda Balimba Malasia Baumstachelbeere alemán Belimbing Indonesia. Belimbing batu malayo Belimbing besi malayo Belimbing manis malayo Belimbing pessegi malayo Belimbing saji malayo Belimbing sayor malayo Belimbing sayur malayo Bëlimbing Lamp. (Java) Bëlimbing bësee Lamp., Mal., Lingga, Singkep (Java) Bëlimbing mès Lamp. (Java) Bëlingbing Batak (Java) Bhalingbhing manès Java Bilimbi francés. Brasil Bilimbines Guam Bindi wala Flores (Java) Blimbing holandés, alemán Blimbing alas Java Blimbing batu Straits Blimbing bësee Java Blimbing lëgee Java Blimbing legi Java. Surinam Blimbing manis Selangor (Malasia). Batak (Java) Blimbing wana Java Blimbing wänä Java Bolumba Malasia Buñuelo Honduras Camariz decanim Camerunga Angola Caramba malayo, inglés. Dominica. Brasil Carambola castellano e inglés Carambola china Panamá Carambold Brasil Carambole francés. Benín. Brasil Caramboler México Carambolera México Carambolier vrai francés Carembola ? Cö phuong Indochina Coolie tamarind Trinidad Cornichón Antillas Francesas Coromandel gooseberry inglés. India Country gooseberry inglés Chalingching amis Java. Archipiélago de la Sonda Champer Honduras 70 BOLETIN TECNICO ESTACION EXPERIMENTAL FABIO BAUDRIT M.
NOMBRE IDIOMA O PAIS
Chinese gooseberry inglés Chiramelo Honduras (La Ceiba) Chirimolla china Panamá Demaksche blimbing holandés Doompeeyas tareeis Célebes (Java) Durazno exótico China (Fukien) Durazno extranjero China Eefel ëmroro Boeroe (Java) Five corner fruit Australia Five fingers Australia (Queensland). Guyana Fransche birambi holandés Fransman birambi Surinam Fruta china Panamá Gestirnte Pflaume alemán Granatis Filipinas Groseille chinoise China (Cantón) Haoorèla pasaki Ceram (Java) Hoc Tonking Hoé Indochina Kamaraga Maldivas. Brasil. Kamarak Bengala, Kan. (India) Kamarakha Guj., Mar. (India) Kamaranga India, sinhalí. Indostán. Kamarunga India británica Kambola malayo Kámrángá Bengala (India) Kamrak Indostán Kamrakh India Kamrang Bengala Kamranga India Kamruk India Kamurk India Karamanga Sri Lanka Karamara Bomb. (India) Karambol ag Turquía Karambol agäci turco Karambole Alemania Karambole alemán Karamunga Bengala (India) Karanbal India Kardai Ass. (India) Karmal India Karmara Sanskrit Karmaranga Sans. (India) Karombole alemán Karomonga Tel. (India) Kembola Malasia Këmbola Java Khamaraka Bomb. (India) Khamrak Duk. (India) Khe Annam. Vietnam GARCIA: BIBLIOGRAFIA CARAMBOLA 71
NOMBRE IDIOMA O PAIS
Khé Annam Khé chua Indochina Khe-ta Vietnam Kiranelli Kanara Kleebang Solor (Java) Kooleerang taning Salajar (Java) Kumrak India Kurmurunga India británica Leebi mëlai Sawoe (Java) Lèmbètooë lombeeato Gorontalo (Java) Limas de Cayena Brazil Lombeetooko goola Boeol (Java) Lompeeat moromeenit Célebes (Java) Loompeeas mamis Célebes (Java) Loompeeas tombal Célebes (Java) Lopeeas emé Célebes (Java) Ma-Feung Tailandia Mafuang Tailandia Ma-Fuang Tailandia Ma-Füang Tailandia Ma-Fueang Tailandia Ma-Pheung Tailandia Maleebi totofooö Halmaheira (Java) Mandarina china Panamá Meetha-kamarunga Bengala (India) Melocotón Nicaragua Mimbro Nicaragua Mimbro chino Nicaragua Nak fuang Laos Nggalabola Roti (Java) Pakapaka Zaire, Congo (lenguaje lingala) Pëche de nature yang China (Fou-kien) Pepino de la India El Salvador Phuong Indochina Pickle fruit inglés Pomme de goa Senegal Pommier de Goa francés Pooleerang taning Salajar (Java) Pulichi Malasia Qulunbäq árabe Quatre coté Togo Roompeeasa Célebes (Java) Saung gya Burma Saungbya Burma Saunggya Burma (India) Saungya Burma Siguampera Honduras Spu Campuchea = Camboya ?. Brasil Star fruit inglés Starapfel alemán Star-apple Tailandia 72 BOLETIN TECNICO ESTACION EXPERIMENTAL FABIO BAUDRIT M.
NOMBRE IDIOMA O PAIS
Sternfrucht alemán Takoolé Barèe (Java) Tamarak Guj. (India) Tamarat-túka Mala. (India) Tamarindo culí Venezuela Tamarindo chino Venezuela Tamarindo dulce Venezuela Tamarta Sri Lanka (tamil) Tamarta-káya Tel. (India). Dekhan Tamartankamarom Dekhan Tamarttamkáy Sri Lanka (tamil) Taoolèla pasaki Ceram (Java) Tiriguro Costa Rica Tjalingtjing amis Java Tofooö Tidore (Java) Totofooko Ternate (Java) Trái khë’ Viet Nam Varea Honduras Vinagrillo República Dominicana Wou-lien tseu China (Cantón) Yang-t‘ao China (Fou-kien) Yang täo hoà Annam Yongt‘o China Zibline Haití Zoete vijfhoek holandés Zoun-sí Burm. (India) Zoun-ya-si Burm. (India)
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