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No9 .Pdf Libro Nº9.- Diversas Mujeres Diversas G D G NEROSIDAD COLECCIÓN GENEROSIDAD GÉNERO Y DISCAPACIDAD Nº 9 DIVERSAS MUJERES DIVERSAS Historias de Resiliencia, Empoderamiento y Olvido G D G NEROSIDAD COLECCIÓN GENEROSIDAD GÉNERO Y DISCAPACIDAD DIRECTORAS DE LA COLECCIÓN: Ana Peláez Narváez Pilar Villarino Villarino Con el apoyo de: PRIMERA EDICIÓN: marzo, 2019 © CERMI, Fundación CERMI Mujeres, 2019 © DEL TEXTO: Carmen Calvo Novell, 2019 © ILUSTRACIÓN DE CUBIERTA: Catorce pasos hacia mi prisionera, Pepe Calvo. De la serie Terror-fantástic (1998-2000) © ILUSTRACIÓN INTERIORES (con la técnica de picado): Mª Dolores Mulá Reservados todos los derechos. Cualquier forma de reproducción, distribución, comunicación pública o transformación de esta obra solo puede ser realizada con la autorización de sus titulares, salvo excepción prevista por la ley. Diríjase a CEDRO (Centro Español de Derechos Reprográficos) si necesita reproducir algún fragmento de esta obra (www.conlicencia.com; 91 702 19 70 / 93 272 04 47). La responsabilidad de las opiniones expresadas en esta obra incumbe exclusivamente a sus autoras y su publicación no significa que Ediciones Cinca se identifique con las mismas. DISEÑO DE LA COLECCIÓN Juan Vidaurre PRODUCCIÓN EDITORIAL, COORDINACIÓN TÉCNICA E IMPRESIÓN: Grupo Editorial Cinca c/ General Ibáñez Íbero, 5A 28003 Madrid Tel.: 91 553 22 72 [email protected] www.edicionescinca.com DEPÓSITO LEGAL: M-5350-2019 ISBN: 978-84-16668-77-9 DIVERSAS MUJERES DIVERSAS Historias de Resiliencia, Empoderamiento y Olvido Carmen Calvo Novell A la memoria de mi madre y mi yaya Pepita, las mujeres más importantes de mi vida AGRADECIMIENTOS A Teresa Palahí por su confianza y fe en mí, y a Mª Dolores Mulá por sus preciosas ilustraciones siempre tan bonitas, delicadas y acertadas. A mis amigas Lola Vega, Isabel Navas (Bebel), Lola Bardisa, Pepa Orozco, Magdalena Muñoz, María Jesús Navarro, Blanca Gallardo y Mª Ángeles Casado por todas sus su - gerencias que han enriquecido notablemente la redacción de este volumen. También a la Directora de la Biblioteca Pública “Azorín” de Alicante, Adelina Rodrí - guez Espinosa, por su amabilidad y respeto. A Concha Sánchez Beltrán, Vicedecana del Col.legi Oficial de Psicología de la Co - munitat Valenciana, sede en Alacant y a su equipo por su amabilidad y motivación. A mi familia que tanto me ayuda. En general a todas las mujeres con o sin discapacidad, activistas que luchan por los derechos y por la igualdad y de las cuales aprendo mucho. Y en particular a Todas mis amigas que siempre son fuente de inspiración. ÍNDICE PRÓLOGO .............................................................................................. 9 PRESENTACIÓN .................................................................................. 11 GÉNERO Y DISCAPACIDAD .............................................................. 17 BIOGRAFÍAS Rosario Acuña y Villanueva ..................................................................... 25 María Blanchard .................................................................................... 45 Gabriela Brimmer .................................................................................. 73 Helen Keller ........................................................................................... 93 Harriet Martineau .................................................................................. 115 Ana Sullivan ........................................................................................... 133 Mª Theresia Von Paradis ........................................................................ 149 ANEXO. SELECCIÓN DE PELÍCULAS ............................................ 169 BIBLIOGRAFÍA GENERAL ................................................................ 179 7 Amurallar el propio sufrimiento es arriesgarte a que te devore desde el interior. Frida Kalho Si el hombre se hubiera ceñido a sus limitaciones, jamás habría salido de la cueva. Bertrand Russel Aunque el mundo está lleno de sufrimiento, también está lleno de victorias sobre el sufrimiento. Helen Keller Nota de la Autora: A lo largo de toda la exposición se va a utilizar el término Personas o Mujeres con Discapacidad (término utilizado oficialmente tanto por el CERMI (Co - mité de Entidades Representantes de Personas con Discapacidad), como por la ONU (Organización de Naciones Unidas) PRÓLOGO En muchas ocasiones, quizás en la mayoría, nos inspiramos observando a otras personas, sus habilidades, sus éxitos y sus aprendizajes. Y la inspiración contiene la magia de contagiarnos y animarnos a seguir nuestro camino, su - mando los referentes que nos inspiran. Es de sobra conocido que tanto la historia general, como las diferentes dis - ciplinas científicas y académicas, así como el mundo cultural y artístico, nos ha privado del valor de conocer qué han hecho y qué hacen tantas y tantas mu - jeres. Mujeres que nos pueden inspirar. Qué decir sobre las mujeres con discapacidad, que representan, representa - mos, el 60% de las mil millones de personas con discapacidad que hay en el mundo. Si las personas con discapacidad experimentamos discriminación en múltiples sentidos, más aún las mujeres con discapacidad. Instrumentos como la Convención de Naciones Unidas sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad han allanado el camino para distanciarnos de un modelo médico-rehabilitador y situarnos en un modelo social, donde la discapacidad se produce en la interacción entre la persona y su contexto. Por otro lado, el movimiento de las mujeres con discapacidad va cobrando cuerpo, haciéndose escuchar tanto en el sector de las organizaciones de la discapacidad, como entre las organizaciones de mujeres y el movimiento feminista. La pers - 9 DIVERSAS MUJERES DIVERSAS pectiva de la “interseccionalidad”, que permite contemplar de forma combinada múltiples factores de discriminación, como son el género y la discapacidad, resulta de inmensa utilidad. No obstante, queda mucho camino por andar, y libros como el presente, que hablan de historias individuales de mujeres, mujeres con discapacidad, Diver - sas Mujeres Diversas, tienen el valor de aportar ese elemento inspiracional mencionado al principio. Son historias que nos inspiran, historias que necesi - tamos, historias que agradecemos, para afianzar, como mujeres, y como muje - res con discapacidad, nuestra resiliencia, nuestro empoderamiento, nuestro empuje, nuestra valía y valor, nuestro talento, nuestra singularidad, nuestra lucha, y visibilizar nuestras contribuciones desde un punto de vista social así como intelectual y profesional. Como mujer con discapacidad que soy, considero que las vivencias, los su - frimientos y dificultades y los éxitos son elementos intransferibles de la expe - riencia individual, pero muchos aprendizajes y reflexiones, como mujeres, y como mujeres con discapacidad, pueden ser compartidos. Y en todo ello, con - tribuir a crear referentes, conocernos y que nos conozcan, tanto otras mujeres como la sociedad en general, es fundamental. Soy destinataria del primer agradecimiento de este libro, pero la gratitud, Carmen, es mutua, porque soy yo quien me siento honrada por tu invitación para escribir este prólogo y agradecida de que podamos contar con un libro como éste, tan necesario en la actualidad. Teresa Palahí Juan 10 PRESENTACIÓN Tenía yo unos 14 años cuando se estrenó en España El milagro de Ana Su - llivan (Worker miracle) película dirigida por Arthur Penn y basada en la obra homónima de. W. Gibson de 1959 que cuenta la relación e historia de una per - sona con sordoceguera y su tutora. Interpretada magistralmente por Anne Ban - croft en el papel de la maestra y Patty Duke haciendo de la niña Helen. Quedé muy impresionada e impactada no solo viendo la película sino cuando me en - teré de que esas mujeres existieron realmente, y que una de ellas ¡aún vivía!, corría el año 1964. La entrega y lucha de aquella mujer que le dio nombre al milagro, para des - viar el destino que tenía preparado para Helen, quedó atrapada en mí y, cuando tuve que elegir lo que quería ser de mayor, tal vez la impronta que me dejó la película hizo que me decantara por estudiar Psicología y poder dedicarme en mi ejercicio profesional, entre otros colectivos, a las niñas y niños con alguna discapacidad, quizás aspirando a parecerme un poquito (con todos mis respe - tos) a Ana Sullivan. Naturalmente no lo conseguí aunque puedo decir que mi vida profesional es apasionante. Siempre las admiré. Ellas fueron las que me motivaron y las que hicieron que me interesara por recopilar las biografías de Mujeres como ellas, aguerridas y rebeldes que no se conformaron con seguir el camino que el destino les de - 11 DIVERSAS MUJERES DIVERSAS paraba. Mujeres que se empoderaron frente a sus propias condiciones y por ende frente a las limitaciones que les imponía la sociedad. En este libro presento a Mujeres con una gran capacidad de resiliencia, cuyas vidas no dejan indiferente a nadie. Así que comencé a trabajar en esta idea porque intuía que me iba a encontrar con mujeres con mucho talento y que debían formar parte de la historia del mundo en general. Mi consideración es que deben estar presentes y tener mayor protagonismo en la historia, tal y como lo tuvieron en su momento. Este proyecto aporta las vidas de mujeres que aun teniendo una discapaci - dad física, motora o sensorial poseían una enorme capacidad de superación ya que supieron abrirse un hueco en la vida social y demostrar al mundo su talento, aunque los triunfos de muchas fueron acallados, como les ha ocurrido a tantas otras, y, como suele
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