Kenai Peninsula Wetlands a Guide for Everyone: Get to Know Your Wetlands, Including Their Functions & Values
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Kenai Peninsula Wetlands A Guide for Everyone: Get to know your wetlands, including their Functions & Values compiled by Homer Soil and Water Conservation District with the Kenai Peninsula Wetlands Working Group (WWG) Funded by an EPA Wetlands Program Development Grant with revisions from October 2014 $ontributors Homer Soil and Water Conservation District collaboratively developed this report and performed assessments described within Tara Schmidt, Homer Soil and Water District Manager – provided project oversight, guidance, outreach, and administration Devony Lehner, Homer Soil and Water Special Projects Coordinator – compiled information, provided outreach, wrote report with input from contributing writers (see below), and developed online wetlands wiki Karyn Noyes, Homer Soil and Water Ecologist and GIS Technician – compiled, analyzed, and mapped data; adapted and applied assessment methods; guided assessment write-ups Homer Soil and Water is deeply indebted to the following individuals for their critical input and support Grant oversight/administration Phil North, Environmental Protection Agency – envisioned the project and guided all project efforts Contributing writers Mike Gracz, Kenai Watershed Forum – provided technical guidance on all things wetland, including assessment methods, developed key working papers Catherine Knott, Kachemak Bay Campus, Kenai Peninsula College – guided culture/heritage assessment, developed maps of Dena'ina use areas, wrote related working papers, coordinated input from Native organizations and others interested in wetlands culture/heritage assessment Project Steering Committee Provided hours of thoughtful input based on years of experience – Dan Bevington, Kenai Peninsula Borough (KPB) John Czarnezki, Kenai Peninsula Borough (KPB) Mike Gracz, Kenai Watershed Forum (KWF) Matt Gray, Resurrection Bay Conservation Alliance (RBCA) Lynnda Kahn, US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Ginny Litchfield, Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) Sue Mauger, Cook Inletkeeper (CIK) Phil North, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Individuals listed below participated in one or more project meetings, some on “expert teams” – expert teams guided and reviewed assessments and related project tasks (see Section 1.3.3) t Jeff Anderson (USFWS), t Steve Baird (KBRR), t Dan Bevington (KPB), t Alan Boraas (KRC, KPC), t Branden Bornemann (KWF), t Dave Casey (COE), t Chris Clough (KPB), t Geoff Coble (CG), t Holly Cusack-McVeigh (while at Pratt Museum), t John Czarnezki (KPB), t Tom Dearlove (KPB), t Julie Engebretsen (City of Homer), t Heather Fuller (USFWS), t Matt Gray (RBCA), t Mike Gracz (KWF), t Carol Griswold (Seward), t Jim Herbert (Seward), t Tammy Hoem-Neher (while at KBRR), t Lynnda Kahn (USFWS), t Jen Kain (AACD), t Carol Kerkvliet (ADF&G), t Cathy Knott (KBC, KPC), t Deb Kurz (KFNP), t John Lang (USFS), t Bobbi Lay (KPB), t Alexandra “Sasha” Lindgren (Kenaitze Indian Tribe), t Ginny Litchfield (ADF&G), t Dawn Magness (KNWR), t Dan Mahalak (KPB), t Sue Mauger (CIK), t Katie McCafferty (COE), t Sue McClure (KPB Assembly), t Thomas McDonough (ADF&G), t John Morton (KNWR), t Meg Mueller (NRCS), t Megan Murphy (while at KBRR and now at MAPP), t Stephanie Presley (Seward-Bear CK FSA), t Robert Rufner (KWF), t Stephanie Schmit (NRCS), t Brenda Trefon (Kenaitze Indian Tribe) t Coowe Walker (KBRR), t Ami Wright (RBCA) Kenai Peninsula Wetlands – a Guide for Everyone jump back version date: 10/27/13 page 2 of 191 %enai &eninsula Wetlands – A Guide for Everyone including an assessment of wetland functions and values (The jump back link at the bottom of each page returns here.) Table of Contents Read this first: What you'll find in this report .......................................................................................................... 5 Chapter 1. Introduction to this wetlands assessment project ................................................................................ 7 1.1. Project goals and study area .............................................................................................................................. 7 1.2. Unique conditions and selecting an assessment approach ............................................................................... 8 1.3. Background on the Kenai Peninsula wetlands assessment method ................................................................. 9 1.3.1. The wetlands working group and selection of an assessment method .................................................................... 9 1.3.2. Assessment scale ................................................................................................................................................... 10 1.3.3. The role of expert teams ......................................................................................................................................... 13 1.3.4. Reference condition as it applies to peninsula wetlands ........................................................................................ 14 Chapter 2. An introduction to wetlands and the kinds of wetlands found on the Kenai Peninsula ................. 15 2.1. Wetlands defined .............................................................................................................................................. 15 2.2. Understanding how peninsula wetlands were mapped and classified ............................................................ 17 2.2.1. First: understand geomorphic components, based on peninsula landforms .......................................................... 18 2.2.2. Second: understand hydrologic components and plant communities .................................................................... 23 2.2.3. Third: understand the system used to classify R (riverine/riparian) wetlands ........................................................ 25 2.2.3.1. Background on peninsula streams and rivers........................................................................................................ 25 2.2.3.2. A brief introduction to Rosgen and Silvey's stream classification system.............................................................. 26 2.2.3.3. Rosgen and Silvey stream classification system as applied on the Kenai Peninsula............................................ 28 2.2.4. Understanding wetland map unit codes ................................................................................................................. 33 2.2.4.1. Conventions for creating map unit codes...............................................................................................................33 2.2.4.2. Map unit codes used on the Kenai lowlands and in the Seward area....................................................................33 2.3. A pictorial overview of wetland ecosystems and selected map unit codes ..................................................... 37 2.4. Finding Kenai Peninsula wetland maps and data online ................................................................................. 38 2.4.1. Wetland maps available through the borough's website. ....................................................................................... 38 2.4.2. Easy steps for using the borough's interactive parcel viewer to explore wetlands ................................................. 40 Chapter 3. Wetland functions and values and how they were assessed on the peninsula ............................... 44 3.1. Introduction: defining and categorizing functions and values .......................................................................... 44 3.2. Assessing peninsula wetlands: “components” and steps ................................................................................ 48 3.2.1. Assessment components ........................................................................................................................................ 48 3.2.2. Assessment method ............................................................................................................................................... 48 3.2.3. Understanding wetland assessment scores ........................................................................................................... 50 3.2.4. Wetland size and watershed location ..................................................................................................................... 51 3.3. Assessing the Biology component ................................................................................................................... 52 3.3.1. Biology component: Species Occurrence ............................................................................................................... 52 3.3.1.1. Moose winter habitat.............................................................................................................................................. 53 3.3.1.2. Salmon habitat support.......................................................................................................................................... 57 3.3.1.3. Rare plants.............................................................................................................................................................64 3.3.1.4. Rare animals (“fauna species of concern”)............................................................................................................ 68 3.3.1.5. Wetland scarcity.....................................................................................................................................................70