: '¦: ' " A POLITICAL AND LITERARY REVIEW. ti.e riobie " The one Idea wMch History exhibits as evermpre.' developing itself into greater distinctness is the Idea of Humanity- endeavour to thio-w down all the barriers erected between men by prejudice and one-sidea views ; and, by setting aside fcne distmcaons of Religion, Country, and Colour , to treat the whole Human,..race: as one brotherhood, having one great object—the tree aevelc_oinenT; of o\w spiritual nature."—BEumboldt's Cosmos. . . / , > ¦ - _ ¦ , . . , _ i N

¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ " ' ¦ ' ¦' s " ' ' ' ¦ ' ¦ ¦" ¦ ' • ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ' ¦ ¦: ¦ -¦ ¦ - . . , - ...... CinUnts : • . . . •; , . /•¦- . . _ _ . c; . : .;. .:--¦ - - ¦ -« Postscript . .v ..: ,.:.. ;:....:... ;... ,rt 128 -. . /.OPEN-COUNCIL- . • ±™™« REVIEW OF THE WEEK- j *»»¦ S^. S S^^ : Imperial Parliamont...... 122 PUBLIC AFFAIRS-; . Comuct-Converts . 133 ... . . The Moon's RotatiOa...., 133 . -, . J ' SiCTiS.. 124 Politicalty bf Prospects.. in ... 129 THE ARTS- £eland1 ^ ...... Puri t}io Suffrage Fraiice 130 13d Lliterature-Tt.KMTUKt . ¦• : TheatricalNotea...... , ^ State of Trade..... ;.. 124 " Churcli m Danger!"—From the ! :•- .- ¦¦ ¦ . ¦ . Accidents and Sudden Deaths .... ;.... 124 Clergy 130 Siunniary .. '.,: ...... ; 134 ' ¦• ' ¦ ' - - ' " - : ' : ' '-' , - " ^¦ ^i The Eaeoution of Verger .... 124 The Ministry-Gladstone—Disraeli 13t Life of Micliael A'nkelo::,....- .;...¦. 135 ... - . . .. •> ,.. ,v .- - - Continental Notes ... 124 The Ghost of Alice Leroy . 131 Henrietta Msvria ...... '....:...... : 13s The Ga.zette ;.... ;...... ;..:.. ;.;;... 140 - Our Civilization .. 125 A Voice from Bengal...•....;...... ;.;. ... 132 ANew Edition of .Wordsworth-...... 136 -i ^^.... ; -m _. . ' ' -m - .L.-A. ' ¦ Naval and Military 127 Wbero shall we get oOr Cotton ? ... 132 AJQrama lt.v a Convict ..,..:: 136 COM MERC IA«- AFFAIRS—~* Miscellaneous.. ,... 127 A United Service Amenity ...... 133 Cpnvict Lifo in Bermuda...... 138 ' " City Intelligence, Mai>kctsi &c...... r 140 ' TOli. Till. No. 359.] SATURDAY, PEBBUABY 7, 1857. 5»iCE{i™i^W;; :ig|SN0B- opinion, Lord Palsiebston processes to desire. In It is not probable that Ministersi will--fee let- off a large part of these accusations Mr. Disraeli without some further explanations on ,tl\e . subject

¦ ¦ ' ' ¦ ¦ ¦ . ¦ * ' found a ready support. Mr. Gladstone avowed of the Crimean Commission, Sir John M'Niaiiii'a niHE opening of the Session presents parties in that he must give to the riglvt honotirable gentle- protest • not having passed without a remark. X new relations to each other. On the first night man his vote when he said that the House of Com- Colonel Tui/locii is bringing forward a '. - book'.; Mr. Gladstone was seen in "the position of offering mons was bound to stand by the Income-tax settle- various speakers take note of the movement ; and himself as Chancellor of the ^Exchequer for any Go- ment of 1853. If that settlement had been carried it is among the topics upon which Ministers will bc vernment reversing the policy of the present Cabinet, out we should, after April next, be paying only worried. while Mr. Disraeli placed himself at the head of iivepence in the pound.. Mr. Gladstone and Lord - The Association for the Bepeal of the Taxes on the Income-tax movement, and recovered an im- John Hussein joined, in the verdict against Minis- Knowledge has been to Sir George CornewalIi mense amonnt of lost ground as the leader of the ters on the score of Naples. Lord John Kussexl Lewis with a demand for the repeal of the duty on Opposition. Already we ]>aTe had occasion to re- insists that they are subserving the policy of Austria paper. It seems possible that Sir George may be mark the junction between Sir Joiisr Pakiktgton in Italy, and Mr. Disbaeli accuses them of sanc- deprived of his Income tax, or at least of so mucha-t> and the Manchester party; Sir John, however, was, tioning a secret treaty between France and Austria, he intends to ask for .; and, if so, the question, of as usual, a guest at Mr. DisTtAELi's political dinner guaranteeing to the Emperor Fkancis-Josei'ii liis other duties will be referred to another Ministry. before the opening day. It seems scarcely possible Italian dominions. Of course Mr. Milner Gibson The convocation of clergy has been- held in? wie that a coalition Government could be formed in and the Manchester party sigree in condemning the provinces both of Canterbury aiid York, oaly-toi g-o" competition witk the Aheueeen coalition, and, in- Avar expenditure. through the same paltry forms, or to put A&ira. deed, we antici nothing- some attempts ¦ at rendering the farce a realitj. pate of the Icind ; but tlic The debate in the Upper House very closely . re- ¦ movements of Tuesday niglit certainly might have sembled that iu the Commons onl that it Avas York adjou rned at once -, Canterbury slightly- pro- , y ¦¦ ; ¦ ¦ ¦ been interpreted as having that tendency. Scarcely much more commonplace in tone, and not much re- longed its debat es. .. " T;, '^¦ '• • •. tV~ had the Hoyal Speech been delivered—and a right lieved from insigniLieanec by the f:iet of a direct It is agreeable to turn from these pretences'- "to royally vapid affair it was—ere Her Majesty's Op- amendment. For although Lord Grey closed his something like a rea.1 mission on the part of tlic position stormed the breaches in tlie Ministerial somewhat bitt er diat ribe upon the presumpt ion of clergy. "We allude to the " Church Schools" which lines. The Foreign policy—a compromise between declaring war against Persia without the leave oi have been opened- by Mr. IIowsell, tlic local in- peace-making and war-malting, the Income-tax— Parliament with a resolution embodying censure, cumbent, of St.. Peter's, St epney. The schools are a war impost continued in peace,— these were the he obtained only a frac t ional support—onl y twelve intended as a place for the education of the- poor, points that presented the readiest attack, and the to the forty-five against him ; and it is evident that and also ;vs h place of worship for those of- tlid assault was fierce. The geographical blundering of none of the other speakers believed in the reality o( working classes whose diffidence ami shame' of - Ministers in agreeing to the Bolgrad boundary ; the contest with tho Government . The real contest povert y -stricken gatb keeps them froiu tlic parish' their assertion that thero should be no conference, lay in the other House, where no formal amend- church. The Bishop of London appeared as a followed by their assent to the new conference ; ment was moved. . working clergyman to assist in this movement ; their bullying in Naples, with the result only of The work set down for the session is such as we Air. Ciladstone iijmI the llcvercnd Kkedeiuck. rendering the King more obstinate ; their embark- might have foreseen. There is to be a fi ght over Mauiuck also co-o^eraung. ing in a war with Persia before obtaining the the Income-tax, on which Mr. ArsLEY Pellatt hus We say il not invidiously if we remark that, consent of Parliament or being able to calculate notified a mot ion l'or the J2th instant, and Major JHishop ami Statesman might profitably use their the cost ; their instructions, which primed Sir Reed ditto for the 10th instant . The whole .sub- sagacit y and their inf luence to assist the poor, not •Toiin Bowking to take advantage of any in- jeet of transportation , ticket of leave, &c, is to be a hundred miles from that district, who have been cident, like that of tho lorcha,—were subjects brough t before the House of Commons on mot ions thrown out of employment by the fluctuations of upon which Mr. Disraeli spoke tellingly. Lord by Sir George Giiky, Mr. Hoebvck, Lord Bek- the; building trade. We have already ' explained Palmebston had promised, to come back, after the ners, and others. Mr. L.viiououEJtu has obtained how the poor arc victimised by the alternating- of war, to domestic affairs. A Liberal Minister is a Select Committee on the Hudson's Bay Company selfish speculation and bankrupt stagnation. When always expected to produce a Reform.Bill, hut Lord and its t erritory—whether to recover the land for the men apply for relief according to law, they are Palmehston has promised none ; perhaps he leaves transportation or colonization lie said not. The in some cases treated as if they were assumed to be that to Lord John itussiiix,. And if he is pressed Loud Ciiancklt.ou. announced a lidt , of law amend- rioters. "Yet ecrUiinly they have a ri ght to he iu- for that, and other improvement s, or, if called in cms, at which people laugh; the Chancellor's list dignant, tor while they have no elfectual control upon to reduce the Income-t ax, lie may poin t to of measures for the session usually agreeing with over the movements in the trade which subject those disturbed relations abroad. He takes a pride his lis t, of measures withdrawn at, the end of the them to these calamitous consequences, they have in extricating us from difficulties, himself being session. The Loud Ciunckm-or's bills arc like io endure at, once starvation, and blame fo,r ffiffg the creator of the Ifo^ dillicullies. We arc at this Mr. Caxton's " Great Book"—they engage all his M turved. They unk for bread, and arc <^^(^jL«(^gft^^/A\ '** moment interfering in Italy, in Swi tzerland iy , perhaps ,soul ; and he view* them -with sucli reverence, that breaking ! It would bo Christian itfx^J'aHivSBHicl iir- > 'S- -' in other quart ers, only to bring about results tlic lie is never content, fwWl ' with touching them tip, never wise in statesmanshi p, to speak a word ]^ *gSr * I' l' li) rrj very reverse of those -which , in deference to public able to approach a finish. promise them 1 "*'?> ment to these men—to hj$ jj||M^B§E*u ^ ' TH E LEA D B R...... [No. 359 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ , ». ¦ ¦ -.. Sattjbjdav 122 . ¦ ¦ .— -* ... . - ¦¦¦ '- __'._^i_r^_/ _L-i _ .- _ 9 _—_^^ — ^ d0V ^ _ . ¦ ¦ -* ¦ ^—^—¦ ^—^— . ^ -- ¦ — — — " of their wretchedness shall be investigated, and to '** My Lords and Gentlemen, — 1MPEB1AL PARLIAMENT. " Her aii^tetjrv commands us to inform ive them meanwhile guidance and support. What . . you that l«ii g *— wiU .be submitted to your consideration for the Tuesday,Te bruary 3rd, consor is given to them, is reproach and penal labour ! dafion atfl ithe-amendment of important portions " The sessioBHof 1857 was inaugurated on Tuesday- The of "t^ Not-withstanding the opposition, to some points law, araft-> 9iec Majesty doubts not that you will Queen, ..•<•£^previously announced, did not hfflself open, to so «* in the treaty on Central America,,, fOorps 3j&MB»5mp6sed on the issue of bank-notes in the points., and the concessions bgp '! Itutliuul—viz., North Leicestershire. Thero nro already- fiiithfull four candidates in j y fulfilling its Treaty eugngemanls. Their LorduhipH them adjourned. tho field for Colchostcr—two Conacr- " Gentlemen of tho House TOtivoa, a Whig, nnd a nondescript. of Commons, I n tlio HoiiHiuii'' Commons, tho Address wan moved " Her Mnjcsty Iuih directed tlio lCstimatcss for tho b upon the JCjum SouxirAMPTON Eucotcon.—Tho nomination en- y Bir .John Ramhdkn, who after remarking will fiuuig your to bo laid before you. topicH which mover «u " They lmvo been prepared with every Hccundor of tlio lo our con- SAT.iroitD Eucotion.—Mr. Langworthy (Liberal) attention to AddrcHH in tlio Lord n, alluded \rnn economy, nntl with a duo regard to tho efficient vict mid criminal present OH Monday elected for Salford , without opposition. perform- population , observing thut. the ance of tho public service at home and abroad. ytuto of things is dingraccful to tho Legislature niul rPEBIrtJART 7, 1867. J Ti± J3i JLi ±i A JJ JUr JBb. 1^3 ^©rons-to^he-community.— Sir Astdrev? AGNEW 'se- Lord John Rcssbel. expressed satisfaction -with latea, he had never been, imprisoned ffcr any offence ooncted the Address^ several parts of the Ministerial policy,trafc feared that whatever. From. Christmas, 1855 , to August, last, he Mr. ©Israeli delivered a speech of great length, in the expedition to Bushire might lead to serious eon- worked for the same master, receiving his wages weekly, ¦tfjhich he severely criticised the policy of Government. sequenceB. The opinion of Parliament should have and considering his engagement as one from week to The condition of the great Powers at the close of the been taken before commencing hostilities. The state of week. In the latter month, a dispute occurred between Russian war^ he argued, was such as to warrant a rea- Italy had been made worse, instead of letter, by the him and his master, in the course of which bis master sonable hope of peace ; yet we were pursued by wars and course pursued by Government; and he therefore could tola him that be was at liberty to go. On the following rumours of wuts. Russia and the TJnited States, he was not approve of Lord Palmerston's policy in that respect. flay, therefore, he engaged Mmself to another employer, convinced, were sincerely desirous of peace ; and the —-Mr. Mitjneb Gibson condemned the pugnacious ten- Whereupon his roaster took out a summons against him people of this country were disposed to be on good terms dencies of the Government, and said he saw that finance on tie charge of having unlawfully quitted his situa- with tfreir neighbours. But every part of the Royal would prove the rock ahead on which Lord Palmerston's tion. The summons was disposed of by the Reverend Speech indicated want of trust in foreign Powers. This Ministry would split.—After some observations by Tffr. Mr. Hemming, a magistrate, -who sentenced the peti- disastrous state of things was attributable to Lord Hadfield and Mr. Ykrtsox Smith, regarding the culti- tioner to twenty-one davs' imprisonment with hard Clarendon. The seeds of the Italian difficulty were vation of cotton in British India, and after Lord Pax- labour, and it was only ~by the kindness of the superior sown by him in the Paris Treaty of Peace. We inter- merston had consented, at the request of Sir John offi cers that he was not put iatc irons ou his way to fered ¦with the independence of Italy, to the neglect of Pakington, to introduce some -words into the Address, gaol. On returning from prison, ivhere he had to work our own internal affairs ; we negotiated with Count Ca- qualifying the expression of approval of our proceedings at the crank, he was taken unwell, and by his imprison- vour ; yet all this while a secret treaty was in «xistence, against the Chinese, the Address was unanimously ment he lost the advantage of the harvest month. On guaranteeing to Austria her whole possessions in Italy. agreed to, and the House adjourned at half-past twelve the 14th of last December, the petitioner's son, who [¦Lord : Palmerstobt : • " By -whom was the guarantee o'clock. worked with the Rev. Mr. Hemming, went to town, given ?"3 The guarantee was given by Prance, with the Wednesday, February 4th. and by accident lost the train by which he was to have concurrence of the English Government. The King of INDIA. returned. Upon his non-arrival, Mr. Hemming imme- Naples had set the remonstrances of England at naught. In the House of Commons, on the report upon the diately obtained a warrant against the son from another Austria is at rest under her guarantee, and regards the Address, 5Ir. Hadfield complained of the omissions in magistrate. This so terrifi ed the young man that he fled , movements of England with indifference. As regards the Royal Speech, particularly in Tespect to the colonies, and, returning to London, has not since been heard of. the Peace treaty with Russia, why had the difficulty dwelling upon what he termed the degradation of the Under these circumstances, the petitioner submitted to about Bolgrad occurred at all ? It was owing to a people of India.—Admiral Walcott commended the the House that such transactions tended to *weakeu confi- blunder on the part of the English Minister, -which im- caution, celerity, and efficiency displayed by the Govern- dence between employers and employed (cheers), and plied a lamentable ignorance of geography. It was al- ment of Bombay in preparing the expedition to the Per- prayed the House that means might be taken for doing together unfair to twit Russia with, duplicity. Our Go- sian Gulf, and by the officers in command of the forces. away with the arbitrary power which is now possessed vernment said that Russia had no claim to Bolgrad ; —Sir J. Pitzgeraud made some observations upon the by a single magistrate. (Z,oud cheers.) but she had been bribed by a large compensation to give cotton cultivation of India, - and upon the deficiency of it up. Then came the Swiss difficul ty, whicli had been transport.—Mr. Vernon Smith explained the difficulties THE CAPTIVES AT FORM OSA. settled by the Federation taking the advice of France which beset all questions concerning land in India. la answer to Maj or Sibthorp, Sir Gorge Gret said rather than of England. Furthermore, there were the that orders had been sent to Sir John Bowring to com- After some observations by Mr. Kisnatkd, the report municate with Persian and Chinese quarrels, which had been precipi- was agreed *to, and the Address was ordered to be pre- the Admiral on tlie Formosa station, in tated by the med dlesome policy of the Government, and order that the most effectual means might be taken to sented to the Queen in. the usual manner. ascertain whether there are any were in fact the consequences of instructions from home, The House adjourned at half-past -one o'clock. British subjects in cap- sent out some time ago. The question of t"he income- tivity at Formosa, and, if there are any, to take steps The House of Lordb did not meet. ¦ ¦ ¦ - tax should be at once entered into ; and, if it were left •»„ to Telease them. (Hem; hear.) to himself, he would suggest that it be brought forward Thursday, February 5th. THE LATE BARON -ALDERSON. On Monday fortnight. The course he would then take THE PERSIAN AND CHINESE WAR S. Sir Geoege Grist, in answer to Mr. GxjAI&tone, would be to move two resolutions—one, that it is not In the House of Lords, Earl Spencer, Lord stated that it was not the intention of the Government right that taxes imposed for the purposes of war should Steward of the Household, brought up her Majesty's to keep open the -vacancy occasioned by the death of be continued in. time of peace ; the other, that the plan answer to the Address. Baron Alderson. of Mr. Gladstone, brought forward in 1853, for the abo- A discussion then ensued with respect to the produc- the Hudson's bay compaim:. lition of the tax in 1860, should be insisted trpon. tion of papers relating to the Persian and Chinese ware, Mr. Labouchere moved for the appointment of a Tie Chancellor of the Exchequer declined to in the course of which Lord Clarendon declared that select committee to consider the condition of the terri- enter into the questions of foreign policy raised by Mr. the documents relating to our quarrel with Persia would tories of the Hudsons Bay Company in North America. Disraeli and very briefl ' , y remarked on the financial part be laid before the House in a few days. His Lordship Considerations of higli importance, moral, humane, and of hi9 speech. The expenses of war, he reminded the also intimated his intention of producing certain papers mercantile, were involved in the inquiry. The trading House, do not immediately cease with war itself. He connected -with our diplomatic intercourse with China. license of the company expired in 1859 was anxious to make his official statement as soon as ; and he hod the earl op Cardigan's character. just received a letter from the directors asking if it was possible. the intention of the Government to renew their license. Mr. Gladstone spoke to the same effect as Mr. Dis- The Earl of Cardigan drew attention to some attacks upon his character which had been made in a work on Before pledging the Government to any course, he had raeli, and observed that he thought the silence of the resolved to submit the question in all its Government was disrespectful to the House. the Crimean war, written (under the signature of " A extent to the The attack Staff Officer") by Major the Hon. Somerset Calthorpe. consideration of a select committee. on Canton was an outrage to humanity. By whose Mr. Roebuck and Mr. Adderley authority was it that These attacks, he said, were of the most unwarrantable, both argued in war was declared against Persia? false favour of taking aw ay the powers of the Company at and were the English people to be saddled -with the ex- , and malignant character ; and he bewailed the re- cent abrogation of " the laws of honour":—an abrogation once, and without any previous inquiry. Those powers pense? A large rechiction of the estimates was both had been used tyrannically, and had had the effect of necessary and practicable ; and he (Mr. Gladstone) fel t which had caused him some years ago to be placed at their Lordships'.bar as a felon, with a chance of losing, preventing colonization in a very important part of himself bound to maintain the settlement of 1853, unde r North America. The Company, which the income-tax would cease in 18G0. not only his property, but his liberty, though he only remarked Mr. Roebuck, did what the Duke of Wellington, Pitt, Fox, Lord had simply acted on the narrow policy of petty mer- Lord Paxmerston repudiated any intention of disre- chants ; but the whole of British America should be spect to the House in not before speaking on behalf of Londonderry, Canning, Sir Robert Peel, and other great and distinguished men, had done before him. He properly developed as a counterpoise to the lust of power the Government. Mr. Disraeli had exhibited great exhibited by the United States.—Mr. Edward Ellioe talents as a writer of fiction ; and the greater part of wished to ask the Secretary-for-War whether an officer his speech who had disgraced himself by publishing false state- said that the two previous speakers had shown great igno- was an entire romance The mistake in the ments was to be rance of the facts of the case ; and he supported inquiry Treaty of Peace with respect to the boundary line had permitted to remain on the staff of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.—Lord Panmuue, while ad- as a means of removing erroneous impressions.—Mr. not resulted from any geographical ignorance. The Gladstone was also in favour of inquiry. He had Russian plenipotentiary had asked that the line should mitting that Lord Cardigan had been wantonly attacked, said it was not the intention of the Commander-in- doubts as to the legality of this Company's titlo, and he go to the south of Bolgrad , and , from a map produced , was decidedly of opinion that it would bo highly impru- the English Plenipotentiaries had been induced to accept Ohief to bring Major Calthorpe to a court-martial. Having 1 received the thanks of Lord Raglan and of Par- dent to continue the monopoly. Still, ho hoped ample the proposition. But the real Bolgrad and the Bolgiad compensation would be ' given for the withdrawn! of the on the map were found to be so widely different that a liament for his services in the Crimea , Lord Cardigan , could aflbrd to despise the assaults of one in an inferior exclusive privileges, supposing: that course to bo deter- line drawn to the south of the latter would interfere mined on.—Mi*. Uknlky was apprehensive , fro m the With the spirit of the treaty. The Russian Government position. THIS NEW" li"ORE8T. tone of Mr. Labouohorc 's speecli, that the inquiry xra& in- attached great importance to IJolgrad as the head- tended merely to buck up n fo regone conclusion of the quarters of the Bulgarian colonies ; and. this being The Earl of MALMEsntmT moved for certain returns connected with the proceedings of the Commissioners Government. — Mr. Laino supported inquiry.—After considered a just demand , Yal puck was given in ex- some brief romurlcH by Mr. I£ailliu: and Mr. Georgia change. The papers detailing the differen ces would not for disafforesting the New Forest , and complained of bo laid on the tho inj ustice which characterized those proceedings.— Butt, witli respect to tho validity of thus chartora, and a table , but the final protocols would be reply by Mr. Lauouohkhk, disavowing any foregone produced. Mr. Disraeli had entirel After considerable discussion, in which Lord Granvillk, y misunderstood our the Loud conclusion upon the subject, tho motion waa agreed to. course with regard to tho Swiss question. Tho English Chancellor, and Lord GAMrmsrx took part, Government had consented to unite with the French the returns were ordered. TIIK IONIAN STATES—NOnVOLK ISLAND. in. making an arrangement with Prussia for the TICKETS OV LEA VIS . Mr. L-vnouciiKHic obtained leave to bring in a bill to settlement of the Ncufchiitel difficulty. lie (Lord Lord Bkiineks moved for returns showing tho num- enable tho subjectH of tho Ionian States to hold military Palmerston) had heard of no such treaty with France ber of tickets of leave issued to convicts in each 3'ear and naval com missions under the Crown, thus removing for securing the Austrian possessions in Italy, us Mr! since Hie commencement of that 83'stem , specifying their the anomaly which now exists, lie also obtained leave Disraeli hud spoken of. That gentleinim had recently original sentence, their unexpired timo, the nnrobcr rc- to bring in a bill to alter tho existing provisions relating been in Paris, where it was well known, that persons nppvehenrtod after release, the i'resh charge, and Lhe result to the ecclesiastical government, of Norfolk Island , the could bo found ready enough to play upon the credulity of the investigation.—After a .short discussion , the re- object being to cor rue t an error which took pluco two of over-confiding and imaginative people The cxi.sttsneo turn was oderort , with an amendment proposed by Lord years ago, when certain colonial arrangements were of tho secret treaty waa an entire romance. In answer Carnarvon, who suggested that, the number of convicts made. to Mr. Gladstone, Lord Palmerst-on admitted that tho with tickets of leave rcupprclu'ndcd without having com- NOTICES OP MOTIONS. Persian war had been commenced on the authority of mitted any fresh offence should bo cliaLinguitih ed in the Mr. William Williamm moved that notices of tho Government. As there wan u prospucL of a tie U la- return. motions on going into committee of supply on the esti- ment, he should postpone- producing th« papers. The. Their Lordsh ips then adjourned. mates Bbuill tuivo precedence only on nlUirnatc days.— hoHtilities with China had arisen out.Of a breach of the Sir Gkouok Guiw opposed t li« motion, as tending to do treaty UK; I ITS OK 1.A1SOUUKU H. of Nankin , which had btvn concluded by the fll tll C IIOURK OK awuy with u gre/it constitutional privilege. — Ultimately, Cj ovurmnont of COMMON'S , Mr. lvOUNDKLL PALMKlt Sir Robert Peel. Matters of linanev. he lii-osiiuted a petition from Charles At wood ji tho motion was withdrawn. thought it premature to discuss before thy production , labourer, ot Hi.xty years of age and upwards. Tho petitioner stated IMriUHONMKNT POU IWHT &C. the estiiaatcfi . that he , Mr. Hicnkv had lived in the hhido cottage more than thirty Mr. 1 fAnnrci.i), in tho absence of Mr. Arai.KV Pbl- Baiu.ik hiiviuy condemned the ex pedi- youra, and brought , up a famil y of eleven the law tion to the Tei-ainu Gulf, children , and T..A.TT, obtained leave to bring in a bill to «min«l that , up to tho period to which his petition especially rc- of imprisonment for debt , to extend the remedies of 124 THE LEA33ER. [No. 359, Saturday. punish fraudulent debtors.—The bill Young Ireland becoming UKOALLANr-—TheNation on the ni ht of Thursday creditors, and to g week that the execution was brought up, and read a first time. has been upbraiding the Queen, the Duchess of Suther- to take place on the following was afterwards morning. The order was adjourned at twenty minutes past seven the Lord Lieutenant), and Lady conveyed to the prison The House land (sister of of La Roquette at midnight bv f ci a d f e h o'clock. Palmerston, or exer sing n un ue in lu nce in t e the executioner himself. By two o' clock in the morn filling-up of vacant offices . The ing the scaffold was Government and in the erected in front of the pisonr where ha o h o Convocation. —The two Houses of Convocation of writer acknowledges t t maxim f t e c nstitution a large crowd congregated, including several persons can do no wrong, dd the province of Canterbury met on Wednesday, and again which declares that the King but a s who had arrived in carriages. It is stated that several is nowhere attributed to a Queen." English went over to Paris on Thursday and Friday, when they discussed several that " the inerrancy to see the conclusion of this This is like the argument of the toper in Fielding, who horrible traged matters of technical interest. The Convocation of York y, which has crowded within the space of was held on Wednesday, and adjourned to the 31st of sees no objection to getting drunk with punch, because one month an unusual amount of crime, misery, despair quor nowhere spoken against in Scrip- violence March. punch is a li " , and dark suspicion against an important part of ture. society- " French . The convict exhibited a great deal of Kingston The Estates. —A case of alleged forgery feverish anxiety on the Thursday evening. He still AMERICA. of a lease has been argued before the Irish Court of clung to the hope that the Emperor would commute his Vbbt little political news of European interest reaches Chancery. John Condon, a humble man of the farming punishment to banishment ; but, on retiring to ¦us rest bjs from the United States this week. Congress Is dis- class, filed a petition to enforce the specific performance sleep for the first few hours was feverish and disturbed; cussing financial matters, hut has not yet come to anj' of an agreement in writing for a lease, dated in 1840, From two to half-past seven, however, he reposed lvanian Legislature has pre- with decision ; and the Pennsy of about thirty acres of land. The agreement was great calmness. At the last-named hour, the Director sented a resolution instructing their Senators to vote for executed by the Earl of Kingston, and the defence of the Prison, the Inspector-Genera], the Chief of Police the admission of Kansas as a free state. At Albion, advanced by him is that the signature is a forgery. The and the Chaplain (Abbe Hugon), came to awaken r a serious riot between the Irish labourers him New Yo k, handwriting is nearly obliterated ; and there was much and prepare him for death. He looked from face to face employed on the canal and the Americans was going on swearing on both sides as to its authenticity. Finally, bewildered and terrified. At length he exclaimed at the departure of the steamer. The Irish had got that the Lord Chancellor said he would direct an issue, if the it was impossible he was then to die. He -was assured drank and became quarrelsome ; knives and other , petitioner desired it, to try the genuineness of the docu- that it was but too true ; on which he became furious weapons were used, and two Irishmen had been killed, ment, when both Condon and Lord Kingston could be exclaiming, "I will not die ! I cling to life. and four Americans dangerously wounded. My life examined. is my own, and you have no right to take it from Intelligence from Nicaragua received at New York me " The chaplain endeavoured to console him ; but he reports that Colonel Lockridge, with two hundred and burst STATE OF TRADE. out into revilings, and implored the Director of the fifty men, had possession of Punta Arenas ; but the prison to grant him an hour—- Thb trade reports from the manufacturing towns for the " but cne hour" in order Costa Rican force, of one thousand men, held every that he might send an express to the "week ending last Saturday contain little of importance Emperor. The other point on the river. It is confirmed that General ; Director told him it was impossible. but, with the exception of the Manchester markets the "Impossible !" Henningsen had beaten the allies at Granada, and joined , Verger repeated. " I -will not die—I will general tendency has still been towards increased em- not. I will Walker at Rivas. Walker's army is reported to have defend myself to the last. You may ployment and higher prices. The heaviness in cotton murder me in this been in good spirits and confident of success, -while the cell but from it I will not stir. goods is chiefly consequent upon the caution induced by , " Throwing himself on allies were fighting among themselves. The steamship the bed he clung to it with desperate the uncertainty regarding the raw material. At Bir- , tenacity, and the San Carlos left Virgin Bay with passengers on the 3rd gaolers were obliged drag mingham, the demand for iron is well maintained to him off and dress him by of January, but was captured by the Costa Ricans soon , and, main force. The convict ¦with respect to the general occupations of the place then seemed to give up the after she got into the river. The Costa Rican3 have , the struggle only drawback appears to consist in the constant , and relapsed for a time into a state of pro- also seized the river boats running from Greytown to rise in stration. Lake Nicaragua, and stopped the communication be- copper and other metals. The Nottingham advices The executioner entered the cell at a quarter to eight tween that place and Walker's forces. describe an animate?* colonial and home demand for , In this they and prepared Verger for the scaffold. The have been aided by a party of hosiery, -while the lace trade is also active. Many new convict Americans sent out by threatened to kick him, and added Bi Mr. Vanderbilt, who has factories are in course of construction, and there is a , " g as you are, been exasperated into this you will not conquer me; you will see. course by Walker confiscating great scarcity of hands. In the woollen districts, the " The officer his property in Nicaragua. said he had means at his disposal An American home and export demand has been equally good ; stocks io repress any amount steamer* arriving at Greytown with about of violence, and asked Verger one hundredy^ are low, and employment general. In the Irish linen- whether he did not mean ahd fifty men and some provisions for to die as a Christian. Verge Walker's markets there has been a full business in some instances r then became calm ; but §£59, SATggDAx, Guilty to stabbing in two places a man who had boxed examination meeting in the matter of recently they had liad meat three times a week ; but Anton Leo com-~ parishioners complained of the expenditure, his ears for impertinence. He w-as sentenced to three mission agent and merchant, of Jeffrey-isquare.' some of tie —Join Plumlcy Tfi meat was now only served twice a week, pudding months' imprisonment and hard labour. accounts showed a total of debts and liabilities and forged 51. note and was 29 O00 Z., of "being supplied in lieu of the'thud, day's meat. They was found Guilty of uttering a , , and assets only sufficient to pay the expenses on other days, and supper after they had per- sentenced to penal servitude for six years.—James of the fi at. The bankrupt, when undergoing examina l ad soup ing- formed tbeir day's -work. Mr. Blake added that he Barber pleaded Guilty to charges of forg a deed and tibn, gave answers so vague and unsatisfactory that the ¦would withdraw the charge if the accused promised to stealing and embezzling money, the property of his Commissioner said he could not pass him. Mr. Lawrence lehave better. They replied that they would rather go master. He begged earnestly for a lenient sentence, on (who appeared for Leo) said that the bankrupt kae-nr to prison. They were therefore committed for fourteen behalf of his wife and children, saying he had been nothing of his own books, and that the cleTks who had days, with hard labour. Mr. Blake having remarked driven into the offences by great pecuniary pressure, kept them were the proper witnesses. The bankrupt that he believed the men had an idea that they -would arising from his having been unable to meet a bill he was quite a young man, and evidently a tool in the "be better fed iu prison, the magistrate's clerk told them had given. Sentence was postponed.—Henry Edwards, bands of experienced knaves. His Honour said he had they were mistaken, -as they would only have bread and clerk, pleaded Guilty to a charge of forging a power of no doubt the bankrupt was a tool ; but the question gruel. attorney to transfer certain stock, value 350?., with was whether he was an ignorant or a willing one The Robbery at Lord Suffield's.—The two men intent to defraud the Governor and Company of the Ultimately, the court adjourned the sitting sine die charged with committing a burglary at Gunton Hall, Bank of England, and was sentenced to four years' penal with protection for three months ; the protection not ' - to Norfolk, the seat of Lord SuflELeld , on the night of the servitude.—George Thomas Sambrook, a labourer, was be renewed unless the bankrupt cleared up.his question- for trial at the next Sentenced to twelve months' imprisonment for a mur- able transactions. 12th of December, have been sent " assizes. derous assault on Thomas Alexander Young, by "whom A Hopeful Youth;—A lad in a sailor's dress, about Eobson- and Keixpath ut Newgate.—The Observer he was employed. The particulars of this case have thirteen years of age, named Walter Smith, was charged denies that Eobson has been out of his mind, but says already appeared in the Leader. at the "Worship- street police-office with, stealing three that he is subject to effusion of Wood on the brain, and The Fkauds on the City Ba?tks.—Anderson and 51. bank-notes and a quantity of coin in gold and silver that on one occasion lie had a fit. Kedpatb , on first en- Saward. were further examined at the Mansion House on fro m the residence of his father-in-law, at Lavender tering the prison, objected to do the usual work, think- Thursday, and remanded till next Wednesday, wlien Villas, Dalston. The youth, who, though so young ing it absurd that a gentleman such as he should be the depositions will be read over, and the prisoners cora- appeared to be well versed in the art of crime and compelled to perform menial offices ; but he was soon mittetfc-for trial. quite incorrigible, was some time since imprisoned, for made to understand that Newgate recognizes no distinc- A Lawyer and his Servant.—An action has been two months by Mr. Yardley &t the Thames police court tions of class. He and Robson sometimes see each other, brought in the Court of Queen's Bench against Mr. for robbing his mother and a distant relative of money but are never allowed- to have anv conversation. Launcelot Shadwell, the barrister, by James Parker, and a revolver. He bad likewise been three times in. a Outrage with "Vitriol.—Two men, named George formerly a butler at the house of that gentleman. The reformatory, which he had as often robbed, and then and William Carpenter^ have committed an atrocious claim was for 6L 10s. wages, and 11?. money paid, and ran away. His father-in-law afterwards sent him ouf outrage upon a servant girl , named Emma BuTges, also for indemnification for an assault and false im- to the Cape of Good Hope, and on his return from that against whom they had a spite. Their mother had prisonment. The defendant pleaded never indebted, place about a month ago, his relatives believed that a called at the house where the girl lived, and requested except 6/. 10s., which he paid into court. He also thorough reformation in his character liael taken place, her to take into her mistress a begging message. The pleaded a justification. Some plate was rnisseel on the and they therefore consented to receive him again at girl refused ; and, as the woman would not leave the day when Parker was going away, and Mr. Shadwell home ; but it afterwards transpired that he had plun- hwise, she was given into custody, taken before the ma- said, he must pay for it. Parker quitted the house, dered the ship iu -which he went abroad, of a consider- gistrates, and sent to gaol, but was afterwards liberated leaving his boxes behind him ; and the next day he able quantity of its stores. On the 18tli of last month, on finding the required sureties. Since then, the sons called with his wife, when Mr. Shadwell said, if they Smith entered his father-in-law's bedroom during the have frequently placed under the door of the house very would compromise the matter and pay fox the value of night, and, having stolen from his trousers' pockets coarse and abusive letters, threatening to knock the girl the plate, there should be an end of the matter. This all the money he could find, there, afterwards broke on the head, and to throw vitriol on her. This they did was refused by Parker, who was then given into cus- open a writing-desk and a bureau, in jieither of which last Saturday evening, as she was returning home. The tody ; but at the station-house his wife persuaded, him he found anything valuable. The young burglar then vitriol was flun g in her face, and she became insensible to pay the money demanded, which she borrowed and left the house by the back door, but jeturned to it in for a time, but was afterwards helped home by a police- handed over to Mr. Sbadwell, and her husband was then the dead of night, without, however, being able to ob- man. Both the ruffians were afterwards apprehended. released. Mr. Shadwell, in the course of the trial, said tain any further plunder. Mr. Hammill committed the Convict Outrage at Portsmouth. — A warder he felt fully persuaded of the guilt of Parker both when accused for trial on the twofold charge of robbery and placed o-ver the convicts at Portsmouth Las been stabbed he gave him into custody and when he took the money ; burglary. in the neck by a criminal whom he was searching. The yet he afterwards gave him a character. The jury were Shooting on Board an American Ship.—Peter ruffian had been sentenced to transportation for life for of opinion that Mr. Shadwell really believed that Parker Campbell, second mate of the ship James L. Bogart, stabbing a convict keeper at Bermuda -while under sen- was guilty of theft -when he gave him into custody, and was brought up before the Birkenhead magistrates on tence there. The warder in the present case lies in a a. -verdict was then given for the defendant on the count Wednesday morning, charged with shooting James very dangerous state. of false imprisonment. With respect to the other ques- Christie, a coloured seaman, who at present remains at A 'Past* Young Girl.—A girl in the service of a tions involved, the jury found that the plaintiff paid the the Birkenhead Hospital. The facts, as previously farmer at Stoke Holy Cross, Norfolk, recently absconded 111. to get rid of the criminal charge, but that it wois stated, were proved, and Campbell was committed for with'90/. in notes belonging to her master, and, assu- not proved to their satisfaction that he -was guilty, and trial. O'Furber, the first mate, who was knocked, down ming the character and costume of a ' fast ' young; man, they accordingly said he was not guilty of the felony. by one of the crew after he bad fired a revolver at him, travelled twice by Tail from London to Edinburgh, laid Upon this finding, Lord Campbell directed the verdict is ou t of danger, nnd will be brought tip in a.few day3 in a liberal supply of clotlies, and purchased several to be entered for the defendant upon the money count, under a similar charge. books, including two Church. Services ! She incurred giving to the plaintiff leave to move to enter the verdict Forgeries by a Stockbroker.—The Court of Bank- considerable expenses at taverns, smoked a good deal, in his favour for 11/. ruptcy had a sitting, on Tuesday, for the appointment and enjoyed herself in th orough rollicking fashion. MR. MaYHEW AMD THE TlCKET-OF-L jEAVE MAN. of trade-assignees, under the bankruptcy of Edward "When she was taken into custody, it was found she had Mrr. Henry Mayhew, on Tuesday, attended at Marl- White, of Cushion-court, Old Broad-street, stock and spent nearly all of the 90Z. borough-atreet, for a warrant against the presumed share broker. The bankrupt's debts and liabilities are ¦Execution at LrsrLTmaow.—Peter M'Lean was writer of a letter signed " Ned Salmon, Ticket-of-Leave nearly 20,000?., and, after committing; several forgeries, executed on Monday morning at Linlithgow, for the Mian," threatening him with garotting if he persevered lie absconded. After the admission of a number of murder of Thomas Maxwell. im calling public attention to tickot-of-leave convicts. proofs, trade-assignees were appointed. Robberies at Plymouth.—A great number of bur- The writer of the letter was presumed to be the speaker Embezzlement—William Holtaway, a very respect- glaries and street-thefts have recently been committed at who violently abused Mr. Mayhew at the recent ticket- able-looking man, id under remand on a charge of em- Plymouth ; and it has been found necessary to increase of-leave meeting; but, as this could not be shown, the bezzling various sums, amounting in all to about 1000/., the police forco. Two convicts on their way to the warrant was refused. fr om his employer, Mr. George Hyde, a stationer in Dartmoor prisons escaped from the station, and passed TAMPEnrN© with A Registry.—Tho charge against Fleet-street. through Pl ymouth in their prison dresses, handcuffed a Mr. Thomas Green, barrister, of creating a disturbance Some of the Secrets or Madame Denis's '¦Esta- together, without being molested or pursued. at tho house of the registrar of births and deaths for the blishment.'—A large amount of systematic Fanny Kay.—Mr. Clark profligacy , the clerk of the Central district of St. Mary, Paddington, and of wilfull y da- was revealed, on Wednesday, in the Court of Criminal Court has received a Queen's , communication from Mr. maging one of the.hooks, has been withdrawn. Bench, in an action brought by one Adolphus Harrison, Baron Martin, directing him to make out an order for Bread Disturbances at Islington. — A gaug of alias AdoIpbus Harrison Iteistell the Turkish Bonds that were found in the , against the Marquis of possession of idlers, assuming to be labouring men out of work, has Bath, for wines supplied and services rendered to him in Pierco, one of the bullion robbers, to l>o delivored up to been creating great disturbances in Isl ington and Pen- the years 1853 and 1854. Mr. Rees the solicitor to The sum claimed was 78/. The , the South Eastern Railway, in tonville, by going about to several bakers' shops, and Marquis (as he himself stated in his evidence) iu the truBt for the benefit of Fanny Kay and her infan was t child. demanding bread. By these means, many of the bakers habit, during tho years 1852 and 1853, iu the first of Thie proceeding is believed to be quite contrary to the were intimidated into giving away loaves, and in some which he came of age understanding that was come , of visiting an ' establishment' to when the matter was instances money. The men, however, toeing told, at one lER in Walwoeth.—A further ex- mate. In the course of the voyage the mate fell from do honour to the Ameer, he may have advanced some amination of Bacon and his wife on this charge took the yard, and was killed. little way into his country to receive him, and thence place on Wednesday at Lambeth, when the case was may have arisen the blunder. It is quite certain that strengthened against the man, and both were once more the civil administrator of the affairs of the Punjab remanded. The wife again careful ly avoided meeting M ISCELIANEOUS, cannot be the General in command of an army.—Ac- her husband's gaze. The Court.—The fourth dramatic performance at cording to the French Moniteur de I'Armee, the most Accidental Poisoning.—Joseph Burroughs, a young Windsor Castle, which consisted of Richard II , took important province of Afghanistan has declared for the man employed by Mr. Budd, a chemist at Brompton, place on Thursday evening. Shah, as well as the whole of Candahar ; and the tribes was on Thursday tried at the Central Criminal Court The Turner Watee-coloub Drawings. — One of the Douranecs 'have . sent a deputation to Teheran, and for the manslaughter of William Marcooley. The death hundred water-colour drawings by Turner were pri- offered their homage to the Persian sovereign. These «nsued-ftom a mistake committed by Burroughs, who vately exhibited, at Marlborough House last Saturday. statements must be received with, caution. gave prussic acid for castor oil. The jury Acquitted the " Big Ben" of Westminster, and the Big Clock. The Political Dinners.—lords Palmerston and accused, on the ground that the substitution was not —" Big Ben" was tried last Saturday, when it sounded Granville, on the part of the Government, and the Earl wilful; but they accompanied their verdict with an ex- for several hours. The four quarter bells are on the of Derby and Mr. Disraeli, as leaders of the Opposition, pression of strong reprobation of the careless manner in point of being cast, and all five will shortly be elevated gave their respective dinners, customary to the eve of the which poisons were generally dispensed. to the top of the tower. The great clock has also been Parliamentary session, on Monday. The Trial of John Paul.—John Paul, the person made; but, owing to a sort of Crimean blunder, it was Dr. Livingston, in writing to say that he cannot at charged with forgery and stealing orders for the pay- made before the bells, notwithstanding that the Govern- present accept the proffered freedom of the city of Glas- ment off money, the property of the City of London ment was advised not to do so ; and the result is that gow, mentions that he is engaged upon a narrative of his Union, was on Thursday tried at the Central Criminal the machinery is not strong enough for the bells, and travels, and must get the work finished before the end of Court. Our readers are already in possession of the must be altered. April, as he has promised the Africans to visit them facts of this case. The defence (by Mr. Serjeant liallan- Fires.—A very destructive fire broke out last Sunday again in the course of the present year. But he adds tine) turned upon a point of law, and also on the assump- evening on some large premises in West-street, Golden- that he shall certainly pay his mother another visit be- tion that Paul only intended temporarily to apply the square, occupied by a milliner and piece-broker. The fore leaving, and he shall then be happy to accept the money to his own uses, and then return it by cheques of plugs were frozen tight by the extreme cold of the offer of the Lord Provost, magistrates, and council of iiis own. Mr. Justice Wightman told the jury that, if weather, and the delay in obtaining water caused the fire Glasgow. This will probably be about the end of April. they were satisfied that Paul, at the time he paid the to get a complete mastery over the house. A man The Liverpool, Chajibek of Coslmerce held its Union, cheques into his own banker's meant to appro- rushed into som e of the rooms, and rescued a woman seventh annual meeting on Monday. The report, which, priate the proceeds, they were bound to convict him. and child, though he had to pass through a great deal of appeared to be satisfactory, was adopted, and several He was accordingly found Guilty, and sentenced to four- fire and smoke to do so. The engines having arrived, speeches were delivered bv various members. teen years' transportation. This sentence he received the flames were got under by half-past ten.—The ancient ; The West Indies.—The mails for the West India ¦with great composure. parish church of Wallasey, on tire Cheshire side of the islands speak of a continued depression of trade in Thb ALtKGKi> Manslaughter at Leeds.—The in- Mersey, was totally destroyed by fire on Sunday morn- Jamaica, and of an outbreak of cholera at Demerara, quest -on George Bedford has been held before Mr. A. ing. The catastrophe is supposed to have been caused which, however, had not proceeded at any rapid or Horsfall, deputy coroner, when, after the examination by the overheating of the flues. alarming rate, and was being held in check by energetic of several witnesses, the jury returned the following The British Bank Establishments.—The Strand precautions. The House of Assembly at Barbadoes had vei'dict:—" That the deceased died from the effusion of and Holborn branches of the British Bank were sold on met, transacted a few items of business, and adjourned blood on the under surface of the brain, by the rupture Tuesday ; the former for G10O/., and the lease of the for a fortnight. A great deal of >vet had fallen in of an artery (the large artery which supplied the brain), latter for 210/. Trinidad. The Council of Government had made a •caused by the struggle, combined with the effects of The Prince of Walks has been out bunting in the favourable financial statement. The health of the island liquor and passion." Bird was immediately afterwards neighbourhood of Windsor ; and of course all ilunkey- of Grenada continued good -, the canes were in excellent discharged from custody. dom is in ecstasies of delight at his admirable way of condition ; and the cocoa planters were hardly able to ' taking the fences.' answer the demand upon them with sufficient vapidity. NAVAL The Wbather.—Notwithstanding a thaw which set Ihe season at Carriacou has been unfavourable, and, AND MILITARY. in last Saturday, a great number of persons, on Sunday though the island is healthy, the cotton crop is suffering. Shipwrecks.—^The Preach sloop Honorine, Captain morning, on the strength of A most disastrous fire has laid Letoy, a return of the frost , waste the town of Gros"- was wrecked on tli« 26th of January when twenty ventured on the ice iu the parks, and several fell in, but Morne, one of the most important places of Martinique. miles south of the Isle of Wight ; but the crew, con- no fatal cases occurr The conflagra sisting onl ed. Other ice accidents of the usual tion burst forth on Christmas-eve. A large y of four men, escaped in the boat. However, kind also took place. On Monday there was another number of houses, shops, and provision-stores have been they suffered greatly from want of food and from the slig cold ht thaw ; but the cold increased on Tuesday, giving swept away ; many families have been utterly ruined, ; and they would probably have perished but for place to a further thaw on Thursday, which continued and are almost starving ; and the town presents tho ap- the assistance afforded by the brig Amolie, from Dieppe, all through yesterday. of and for Newport. pearance of a vast encampment. The disaster is said to Mr. Jenkins, the master, fed and biiAKSPisARE s House.—A meeting of the trustees of have originated in a child imprudently lighting some clothed the unfortunate Frenchmen, took thorn into Ply- mouth Sound Shakspeare's house has been held at Stratford-upon- matches in a garret : the ' /Limes spread to a bundle of , and put them in charge of their consul. Avon , when several tenders were received for the demo- dirty linen , the house wns .speedily in a blaze, and it was A French vessel, last Saturday morning, ran ashore " to the eastward lition of the houses and cottages which surroun d the found impossible to check the uiidchiuf until it had at- of Rye harbour, and went to pieces. Only birthplace of the poet. The work will be effected through tained immense proportions. ono out of a crow of six persons was saved.—A aad calamity the munificence of Mr. John Shakspeare. The tender of Australia.— The Australian papers bring little news happened at Wick last Saturday night. The Mr. William lloltom was accepted, and a contract of interest besides reports of the death of three colonial goods and passenger boats of the steamer were overtaken by a entered into for the removal of the premises within one celebrities—Mr. John Armstrong, of G rant county, Cap- sudden rise of the sea, driven from their anchorage, month. tain William Allen , and Mr. George Stevenson, justice of -and wrecked. Six men, live of them leaving widows and, families Tuic East Indlv Company.—Sir Frederick Curries will tho peace, and coroner of the city of Adelaide. The latter , were drowned, ami the goods, consisting of succeed to the Deputy-Chairmanship of the Court of geutleman had been in the colony twenty years. He valuable merchandise, -were waahed ashore. WuEoica ust Directors of the East India Company at the next arrived out from England in nor Majesty's ship Buffalo, January—Two hundred and eighty-six election. as private secetary to Captain Hindinarah , tho first go- vessels were wrecked during the month of January just concluded. J J The Licensing System and the Billeting of vernor of the colony, and was the first clerk to the Legis- RicoitoANiZATiON Soldiers.—A deputation from the Liverpool licensed lative Council, the first coroner, and one of the first or the Wau-offici:. —• The ar- victuallers , M.I* Mr. bench of mag rangements connected with the has waited upon Mr. W. lirown ., istrates. Previously to leaving England, organization of the J. C. Ewart, M.P., and Mr. J. lirainley Moore, M.P., he had been connected with the "Globe newspaper ; and War-ollice arc now completed, and the offices of Clerk with reference of the- Ordnance, Deputy to these objects ; and each of those gen- at Adelaide he set up tho first journal the colony pos- Secretary-at-War, and Di- tlemen expressed their disapproval of the proposed bill sessed ; so that ho was not only regarded as ono of tho rector-General of Aimy Clothing have been abolished. Colonel Mundy ' to throw open the trade of tho licensed victualler. pioneers of the now settlement, but was looked on as has been appointed Governor of Jersey, This Last of an Olw Family.—Edward Joseph tho father of tho South and Sir Benj amin llawea, the late Doputy-Secretary-at- " Australian press." "V Canning, Esq., the la.sfc male representative of. tho Alicia Racis.—The case of the child Alicia Race Vnr, becomes the permanent Undor-Secretary of State ; uneiont Roman Catholic family of tho Cannings Mr. Godley, the lato Director-Goneml , of came before the Court of Chancery last Saturday, on an of Stores, in ap- 1' oxcotc, ia just dead, lie was descended from an an- application for a lol'eronco to chambers to approve of n pointed Assistant Undcr-Socrotary of State ; Sir Henry cestor of William Canuynge Stories, K.C.B., is appointed , tho founder of St. Mary proper person to bo guardian for the girl. Tlic case was Secretary for Military v to Sing Scotch. —All that a Scottish song rogation. an hour, and caused great surprise. requires is a sweet, flowing voice, capable of swelling a THE POLICE IN CO UNTIES AND BOROUGH S. Mr. Charles Mathews ox ' Delicate Ground.'— note from the softest to the fullest tone; a feeling heart ; In answer to Colonel Buck, Sir George Grey said The subjoined letter from Mr. Charles Mathews appears a susceptible imagination ; a perfect comprehension of it was not intended to bring in any bill to compel the in cuuu ^ uuu. uoruugu in the Times of Monday :— " A few days ago, you kindly the subject, and a thorough knowledge of the true mean- amaluiimigamation ^umuuou of county and borough police. congratulated me on my recovery'from my late accident, ing of the words of the song, so as to know the signifi- THE WAR WITH PERSIA. AND CHINA. and complimented me on the fortitude with which I eiv- cant ivord to swel l or soften the tone upon, as the sen- In answer to Mr. H. J. Baillie, the Chancellor ot dured four dangerous operations ; but you were probably timent may require. This is all, with the occasional the Exchequer said that an arrangement had been not aware, nor indeed was I myself, that I had under- embellishment of an easy shaJce ; but even this should be made with the East India Company that one half of the gone a fifth, and that, sometimes, of a much more fatal very sparingly used. A Scottish song admits of no expenses of the Persian war should be "borne by this tendency than tlie others—I have been married ! A fancifu l descant at the close of the tune either ; for this country, and the other half by the Company. The settle- paragraph has ' gone the rounds,' as it is called, copied, destroys its character, and although it may bring ap- ment of the expenses of the former China war had been I believe, from a Gloucester paper, headed l Marriage of plause to the singer for his voice and execution, with a postponed, in consequence of a difference between the Mr. Charles Mathews,' stating that I had ' taken unto judicious audience it would be at the expense of bis un- Government and the East India Company, until last myself a second wife in the person of pretty Miss Oliver.' derstanding.— The Family Mirror. year, when it was arranged that the extraordinary ex- Allow me, in justice to that amiable young lad}' , to an- The Earl of Harewood lingers on; but his state is penses should be paid by this country, so that 593,000/. nounce publicly that such, is not the case, in order tblat still very precarious. • was now payable by the Government to the East India her numerous admirers may be assured that, as far as I Mr. JRobeet Wilberforce. — The telegraph from Company. It fortunately happened, however, that a know, she is still open to competition. I am grateful Rome brings the painful intelligence that Mr. (formerly larger amount than that was owing by the East India for the credit given me, at all events, for the good taste Archdeacon) Kobert Wilberforce is in great danger, Company to the Government ; and there would, there- of my selection, though I must express my wonder at from gastric fever, at Albano, having been removed fore, be no charge on the country for the sum he had so improbable a story having obtained belief. In tli e thither from the Academia Ecclesiastics, where he is mentioned in the present year. first place, I cannot conceive that any one could have completing his preparation for the Catholic Priesthood. THE FINANCIAL STATEMENT. the heart to give her away ; and in the next, having — Weekly Register. Mr. Milker Gibson asked the Chancellor of the Ex- only my left arm at liberty at present, M'hich I am sure Roman Catholics in Office.—The WeeMy Register chequer whether, as the naval and military estimates would not be sufficient to encompass half her charms, says tliat three of the newly-appointed High Sheriffs of must now be ready, there was any reason why there and my right hand being nearly disabled altogether, I England are Roman Catholics. should not be an early, and indeed an. immediate, state- could, but at best offer her a left-handed marriage, and Fireworks on the Ice.—The last night of the frost ment of the financial plans of the Government with far be it from me to insult her with such a proposition. (Wednesday) was signalized on the Serpentine by a reference to income and expenditure, and, above all, No, sir, —may she speedily obtain a husband of half nay display of fireworks at midnight. A great deal of taxation.—The Chancellor of the Exchequer said age and double my worth, and I shall be most happy, skating was going on; several women were present ; the earliest day on winch the army and navy estimates with the appropriate tears of affection in my eyes, to and the whole scene was very remarkable. could, by the rules of the House, be presented, would give my consent and bless her union." The Papek Duty.—A deputation from tlie Society be next Tuesday. He felt a difficulty in mentioning The Sewerage of London.—Dr. Thomas Hawksley for the Repeal of the Taxes on Knowledge had an inter- a day for the financial statement until the estimates has communicated to Sir Benjamin Hall a plan of view with the Chancellor of the Exchequer on Wed- had been produced ; but he would fix. a day for that sewerage based on the system by wliich in human bodies nesday, to urge on him the importance of repealing the purpose next week. the various excreta are removed. paper duty. Sir G. C. Lewis, after hearing a, great THE TERM S OF THE ADDRESS. Convicts in Westeiust Australia.—Some gentlemen many statements, said that the present moment is not Lord John Russell called the attention of the House connected with, the colony of Western Australia have favou rable to en tertaining the question, as the abolition to a departure from long usage in the terms of the suggested to Mr. Labouchere the desirability of sending would entail a less to the revenue. answer to the Queen's Speech, inasmuch as by its word- convicts to that locality, which th«y think is peculiarly Tiik Late Stanislaus Worcell.. — This eminent ing it had bound the House to a favourable opinion on the adapted for a penal settlement. Polish patriot, who in 1830 possessed, the title of count war with Persia, and also that it was the conduct of the Educational Conference at Manchester.—A and large estates in Vol hynia, died last Tuesday, at 35, Shah of Persia which had caused hostilities—subjects conference took place on the evening of Friday week at Hunter-street, Brunswick-square, aged fift y-nine. He on which the House could not judge till they had fur- the AthenaHUYi, Manchester, between the committee of was looked up to with great veneration by the Polish ther information.—Sir Georoe Grey said it was not the late Manchester and Salford Education Association, Republican party, his devotion to whom he had evinced the intention of tho Government to commit the House and eertain gentlemen of the National Public School in the most brilliant manner. When the revol ution of to any opinion on the subject of the Persian war by the Association. The heads of a bill by Sir John Paking- 1830 broke out, he placed himself at the head of the terms of the Address. ton for the ex tension of education were read, discussed, inhabitants of his district, and joined a corps under THE INCOBIE-TAX. and accepted, subject to some modifications. Colonel Rozyclri, which, fighting its way through the In answer to Mr. Williams, Mr. Disraeli said he Royal Dispensary for Diseases of the Ear.— enemy's ranks, joined the national army at Warsaw, should bring on his motion with regard to the Income- The half-yearly meeting of this useful institution was M'liere Worcell sat in the Diet as representative for Vol- tax, without reference to any financial statement the held on Thursday last, nt the Dispensary, Deau-strcct, hynia. On the failure of the insurrection, he became an Chancellor of the Exchequer might make. Soho-square, Mr. W. T. Cooper in tho chair. The exile, and afterwards joined the Polish Committee. He THE BANK CHAR TER ACT. seor«tary announced -the amount of subscriptions re- was expelled from France in 1833 , on the requisition of Tho Chancellor, of the Exchequer moved for ft ceived during- the last six months. The Dispensary the Russian ambassador ; then went to Belgium, and Select Committee to inquire into the operation of the had. afforded treatment to an increased number of appli- subsequently came to England. In 1845, he returned Charter of tho Bank of England of 1844 •, tho Bank cants during tho last half-year. The statistical account to Belgium, nml in the following year to France, from Acts of Ireland and Scotland of 1845 ; and the operation of the new admissions Mr. Harvey, tho surgeon to the which he was again expelled in 184&, on pretence of his of Jointstock Banks. institution, stated to the mooting were 1058, cured 174, having been concerned in the movements headed by A discussion followed, in which Mr. Disraeli, Mr. consisting of discharges from the cars, noises in tho Jicad Ledru Rollin and others which had for their object the Tite, Mr. Glyn, Sir Chaiileb Wood, Mr. Newdk- and ears, nervous affections of the head, rheumatic deaf- prevention of the French expedition to Rome. Since oate, and other members took part, but very briefly, ness, diseases of the throat» with some aggravated forms then, lio has resided in England, and has acted wil h the the main point of debate being tho limitation of notes of polypus ia tho car, and other diseases of a kindred Republican refugees. He was universally beloved and by the Bank of England to 14,000,000^. The motion nature. A hope was expressed at tho meeting that the esteemed. for tho appointment of a committee waa agreed to. usefulness of tho institution would bo more fully ex- St. Marylkbone Bank for Savings.— h 7 PASSING TOLLS. tended b T e 2 th y an increase of funds, to which it waa hoped Annual General Meeting of this Institution was recentl Mr. Lowe obtained leave to bring in a bill to abolish their wealth friends w ould y y contribute, upon the as- hold at the Office, No. 7G, Welbcck-street, Cavendish- passing tolls. surance that they would thereb y benefit suffering huma- squaire ; Sir James John Hamilton, Bart., in the chair. The House then adjourned. nity, and bo aiding a valuable institution. Votes of It appeared from the several reports reud to th« meeting thanks wore passed to the chairman , and to Mr. Harvey, that the progress of tho hank during the past tho surgeon year had , for his attention to tho patients under his been of a satisfactory description, no less than IMPERIAL COMMUNISM IN CHANCE. care ; and the meeting separated. 249C now ft doposits having been made hi the last year ; 2 0 423 de- "This brochure against les Froprictaircs ," says Royal Munipicknoe.—Mr. James Rogers , , tho come- posit accounts remained open on the 23th of Novcmbor private loiter we have received from Paris, " is said dian, performing at the Olympic Theatre attended , dn lust, of which 18,109 held balances averaging less than to be written by a certain M. Duveyvicr, an cx-Sl. Monday at the Lambeth police court and handed , to the 21. 196. each. The balances due to depositors at that Simonicn, founder of the SociSte des Amwiices, which magistrate the sum of 13s. 4d., with tho following date, note : as per balance sheets produced , was 34G 410£ failed Millaud, and —>" Sir,—Allow mo to present to tho poor-box , 7s. Id. : , and at present a partner of M. the cn- loaving a surplus of 1679/. 16s. lOd. one of tlie editors of the Journal dea Actionnaires, ebrtt aby 7, 1857 V THE LEADER. 129 F ^mHMHH BMMiMHBBM HHMKHl ^BBM ^^^^^^ ^^^^^™ ing to the esta- failure, and will probably be soon ab- meal ; and tie young persona belong mons, excepting the absolute Ministerialists, -which is also a blishment were regaled in. a separate room with the kind -who , agree to sorbed into La Fr esse as an organ of' affairs.' This Rippon presided, have not yet broken silence and insane^ of fare suited to their juvenility. Mr. condemn the extra Income-tax. There is an brochure is based upon one oi those absurd and received &n ovation. _ ideas which have made a large section of the almost general concurrence in the expectation Socialists the curse of the Republican party in NOTICES TO COB RESPONDENTS. that Lord Palmebston will not -work easily France. These gentlemen would simply suppress the N"o notice ca,n be taken of anonymous coirespondence- or pleasantly through the session. individual into Whatever is intended for insertio n must be authenticated personality of the citizen, absorb the by the name-and address of the -writer ; not necessarily It must be confessed that the effect of the state3 and convert France iuto a vast monastery, for publication,but as a guarantee or his good faith . Tuesday s debate, in both 'Houses, was da- a huge phalanstery, or an immense barrack. This na- We do not undertake to return rejected communications. ' tion ot ours is often bien bate, but it still re- maging to Ministers. If Mr. Cobden or Mr. tains just good sense enough to understand the Beight had been present, the result might senseless barbarism of these pretended reformers, have been, still more serious ; hut, as it -was, who are, thank Heaven, overwhelmed with the ridi- <5jjp ) ^fi Q the Opposition, assisted to some extent by cule they have deserved. 3f it were possible that Lord John Russell and Mr. Gladstone, such idiocy could prevail—if it had the slightest displayed itself in a position of power and chance of practical application—I, for my part, dignity. Mr. Disbaeii, no doubt, was rash should ' pack up,' and obtain letters of naturaliza- in his declaration, concerning the Trench tion in your hospitable land. It appears that the SATUR DAY, FEBETJAEY 7, 1857. Minister of the Interior had. refused Ms consent to alliance with Austria, instigated by England. the publication of this brochure. The author being It was evident that part of his statement a friend of M. Mocquard, the secretaire intime of the was based on information he had received, Emperor, got it read to the Emperor, who imme- ^tihltc Maim and partly on inferences which are probably diatelv eranted the authority to publish which the There is nothing so revolutionary, because there is incorrect in detail. !Lord PALMERSTOisr's Minister of the Interior had refused. I cannot assure nothing so unnatural and convulsive, as the "'strain is correct; at all events it is not to keep'things fixed "when, all the world is by thevery denial may have been simply categorical— you that this story law of its creation in eternal progress.— De.Akwoid. that is to say, Mr. Disraeli had accused impossible. Not even improbable, for it is but a ?— ¦ . , pendant to the case of M. Proudhon, which oc- the Government of having- connived ^t a curred four years ago. For my own part, I am far POLITICAL PROSPECTS. Treaty securing the Italian dominions of from blaming -the publication ; for the only way to The Queen has been superseded, to a great Austria under a Prench guarantee. Such a convict these follies is to expose them to the public extent, by Mr. Hayter . Her Speech., de- compact may exist, but not in the form of a criticism. As for this grotesque St. Simorden, livered by commission, contained little more treaty. It would have been more strategic communist monstrosity, it would have perished un- than a retrospective glance at the recess, with on Mr. Disraeli's part to have cross- knowns had not a newspaper, in want of a subject, a promise of certain Law Reforms, and an examined the Premier, closely and severely, as all our newspapers are, revealed its existence in allusion "to the inevitable debates on the Bank in a series of leading-questions, to all of a solemn article." Charter Act. It was, even more than it usually which, perhaps, Lord Palmehston might PERSIA. is, a vague formality. The question with Russia not have been able to reply with an insulting The English (says a despatch from. Alexandria) are has been settled ; we may hope for a settle- negative. about to occupy Btohammrad and Bender Ali, two towns ment between Prussia and Switzerland ; we In spite of Lord 'PaIiMErston's negative, on the Persian Gulf. Bender-Abbaz, an important post have suspended diplomatic relations with on the coast of tb_e kingdom of Persia, being occupied by however, it is believed that Mr. Dishaeli the Imaum of Muscat, an ally of the English, -will, it is Naples ; we have renewed our relations with has caught a glimpse of certain secret nego- supposed, be respected by the latter.—Intelligence from America ; Siam has undertaken to be friendly ; tiations between France - and Austria, ap- Constantinople says that Russia demands from Persia Persia is at war with us; the Chinese have proved by the British Government, and leave to occupy the proTince of Mazanderan. The provoke d a collision ; the Bank Charter will having for their object* the consolidation of Persian mountaineers have pillaged tlie rich sanctuary " of Meragha Whild, the garrison having gone to speedily lapse, and Parliament must consider Austria's Italian sovereignty. With re- Feroozabad to repress an. insurrection. The fortifica- that subject ; the law is in an unbearable ference to the transactions in Chin a and tions of Bushire have been reconstructed by the English, state of incompleteness and confusion , and Persia, we do not anticipate that much' effect who have left two regiments, and marched up the Kaub needs amendment. This was all that the ¦will be produced by the oratory of the Oppo- to attack Mohanxora, -which commands both the province faint oratory of the Commissioners announced sition. The G overnment explanations ou of Pars and the road to Shitaz. to the Lords and Commons in Parliament those subjects were clear and satisfactory, FRAXCE. assembled. More explicit was Mr. Hayter, while the criticisms of Mr. Gladstone and Despatches from Berlin state that the Government me- who, admitting tacitly that the [Royal Speech Lord John Russell were little more than ditates dissolving the Chambers, in consequence of the was a sham, anticipated the debate on the objecti ons on technical grounds which sel- opposition to its financial projects. The intended assas- , sin of the Archbishop of Matera has been arrested. Address by a sliort account of forthcoming dom affect seriously the deliberations of Par- The French official journal has recently published an Government measures. An inquiry into the liament. It is not expected that the contest article advocating the union of the Dauubian Princi- condition of the Hudson's Bay Territories, a will, in "either case, be prolonged for more palities. bill for enabling Ionian subjects to hold com- than a few moaiths ; nor is it to be supposed An official notification states that the Government, recognizing the justice of the complaints that the date missions under the Crown, a scheme of eccle- that our operations in Persia and China, previously fixed is too near at hand, has decided that siastical reform' for Norfolk Island, a com- even if they take the proportions of syste- the Universal Agricultural Exposition shall not be held mittee on the Bank Charter, new legal facili- matic warfare upon a largo scale, will weigh this year. ties for [Reformatory Schools, and a substitute heavily ou the estimates. Mil/liners aj*d Dressmakers.—A great meeting to for tra nsportation, are included in the Trea- But it is on the question of estimates that consider the oppressed condition of dressmakers anl sury programme. ISTo reference to the the most formidable discussions may he milliners' assistants -will be held on Monday evening at Income-tax, to Church -rates, to Jewish raised. Evidently the Government must be Exeter Hall. The Bishop of London will be present. It Disabilities, to an amended -representation of swayed to some extent by the Opposition, or is scarcely for us to say that we attach the highest im- portance to the movement, and expect that the meeting the people, to the local dues on shipping. be encountered by a combination of Tories, will be a conspicuous success. The course marked out by the Government Whigs, and independent Liberals, deter- Crystal Palace.—Return of admissions for six days is not only destitute of the political element, mined on recurring to a peace standard of ending Friday, February Cth, including season ticket but amounts to an abandonment of numerous expenditure. If political rumours are of any holders, 5858. measures proposed last session, and to tlie value, the Bud get is at this moment in an Wreck off IIoi^yhead and Loss of Like.—Tlie op Sullie, Captain Giron , fro m Bordeaux, bound for Liver- reintroduction of which the Premier was unprepared state ; the Chancellor the pool, -was totally wrecked near Holyhend on Friday understood to be pledged. Of seven important Exchequer is calculating upon what term s morning. The captain, mate, and. twelve hands were proposals which emanated fro m the Cabinet he msry obtain the assent of the House of drowned ; only two hand s were saved. in the spring of 1856, not one was carried— Commons to a continued Income-tax, and East Sussex.—The immediate resignation of Mr. Frewen, one of the memhors for East Sussex, consequent not one is recommended for reconsideration . there is not too much confidence in Downing- on Ilia being a candidate for the representation of North With the exception of Norfolk Island, which, street as to the future events of the session . Leicestershire, has taken the electors somewhat by sur- it seems, enjoys an ecclesiastical government, Tho sense of Parliament has been unequi- prise. The district of Brighton and Hovo now reprcBcnts the Hudson a Bay Territories , and the Ionian vocally declared in favour of a financial set- a considerabl e portion of the constituency, and a ' severe contest between the present candidates, Viscount Islands, our colonies nnd dependencies arc tlement on si peace scale. It is acknow- Pevenaey and. Mr. J. G. Dodson , to supply Mr. Frewea'a left altogether unnoticed. ledged by political leaders of every section place, may be expected. Tho prospects of the year, then, so far as that little increased expenditure is necessary Coixikuy Explosion.—An explosion has tulten tho Ministerial announcements go, are con- to an improved machinery ; that it would be place in a coal mine at Wykc, near Halifax, and four men have been killed. fined to a f ew practical amendments of the an irrational and dangerous innovation to A Woukino Man's Fjcstival.—Messrs. ltippon nnrt law, a debate on secondary punishments, and keep up such forces as would enable tlie Burton, tho London i ronmongers, recently gave tlieir a renewal of the Threiulneedle-street Charter, country to enter at any time upon a conti- workpeople at some print-works at Onkenshnw, Lanca- From other quarters, however, come sigua nental war, and . that the true policy for shire, which they have purchased, a very liberal enter- of Parliamentary tainment. Two hundred of tho artisans, with the wives of activity. The Manchester Great Britain to pursue is to promote the auch as were married, sat down to a substantial repast, in party has declared the necessity of sin imme- prosperity of the people at large, to maintain a room which was adorned with evergreens and festoons. diate reform in the representation of the an eilicient administration, ami to insist upon Tooatn, appropriate addresses, and music followed tho people. All classes in the House of Com- being governed by Ministers chosen for their ¦ PiK IB >MAPD^. [Ho, • 3gfr ^ — _._.,_¦ 3S9, SAa^ro ^r, merit and not on account of their family the head of pubfi caiaons which may excite td; Liberatej we trust, will repudiate the polfe* connexions. A. Wealthy and well-governed hatred and eontempt of 13he Grovernment, of paralysis, and fulfil their duty to tfrmm nation is always powerful ; its fleets secure and therefore may not be distributed with- and: to themselves. its safety: its militia constitutes, in times of out perrmisssion from the prefects of depart- emergency, the materials of a regular army ; ments. That is to say, eighty-six depart- " CHURCH IN DANGER !" —FROM T&P low estimates and economical administration mental prefects are to take universal suffrage CLERGY. are requisite to amplify the fund from which, under their control, to nominate every can- Unless something be done to rescue the on occasions of necessity, increased revenues didate, to expunge the names of obnoxious clergy from themselves, they will pUfc the may Re drawn. persons, and virtually to elect the Legis- finishing stroke to the Church of England; But, though Lord Palmetiston has a lative Chamber. This insolent mockery of They are committing slow suicide, and appear battle to fight, and may meet with adverse representation must have the effect of un- incapable of rescuing themselves from the votes, a change of Government is by no deceivin g even those complacent dupes of rash aet. According to their own confession means among the prospects of the session. success, who hold that France " enjoys they cannot keep order, and they are obliged The question -whether a general election is to more real freedom. " under the Empire to seek the aid of the temporal power in. a take place this year or the next depends on than under the constitutional government of humiliating manner. In the House of Bishops Philippe the spirit of the House of Commons. If the Louis or the Republic of 1848. the Bishop of Chiciiester brings forward a Cabinet can retain a working majority until What becomes, we demand, of the notion that painful case. Clergymen find themselves the autumn, it is not improbable that Lord Louis Napoxeok is really the elect of the under the necessity of reading the burial Pa-lhurstois- will defer his appeal to the French people? "Why, he declines to trust to service, making an almost indiscriminate "We use country until the summer of 1858. universal suffrage ; he objects to put his own of the service, even over persons who are doubt his capacity in this respect, however. nominees in competition with those of the unbaptized, excommunicate, or felo de se! Parliament has already exhibited some rest- Liberal, Bourbon, or Orleanist parties ; with The Bishop of Oxford stated the case of a lessness j the Tory leaders . have committed all the facilities-of pressure and falsification at person notoriously living in deadly sin, over themselves to a systematic course of oppo- his disposal, he confessedly apprehends that whom, clergymen refused to perform the sition ; Earl Grey and Lord BttOTjaHAM in certain citizens of Paris will print the one burial service, and they were threatened with the Peers, and Lord John Russeli, and Mr. word " Cavaignac" upon a card and distrib ute action, at law. Proceedings for excommunica- Gladstone in. the Commons, seem disposed it to the electors. This is Imperial popu- tion axe not always successful ; but the Bishop to aim at an active and hostile policy, larity, this is to be the representative of of Okfokd thinks the Bishop lias a power to and Lord PAiiMERSTON is in no way in- 1789. shelter his clergymen from the infliction of clined to conciliate support by the adoption !For the moment, it appeared, after the punishment. "At all evenis," says Dr. of a liberal programme. judgment of the Coxirt of Cassation, that the Wilberfoece, " he has a strong moral We have gone back some steps since the advocates of abstention had been supplied power ; or if there be a doubt about the session of 1853, and it would be well if, be- with a new argument. After two Courts of legality of the Bishop's power, the only sides Mr. G-xadstowe's Income-tax settle- Appeal had displayed the courage and the remedy is to invest him -with, that power.'' ment, we could revive some other elements justice to decide against the pretensions-of It would be interestin g to see a bill brought in the. . * situation' of that date. Then, Lord the local prefects to control the distribution of in " for the better prevention of the burial Aberdeen" promised an extension of free- electoral bulletins, it was, indeed, astounding service in certain cases." Would it have effect trade principles, a great measure of educa- to discover that the sources of equity in Paris in ren dering the Church popular? Supposing tion, and an amendment of the representa- had been so poisoned by official interest, that a the bill were carried, we should like to see tive system. What are the promises of card bearing only the name of a candidate was the discriminating use which would be made 1857 ? A new Bank Charter Act, a scheme declared to rank among political pamphlets, of its enforcement. It is evident that the of secondary punishments, some legal im- manifestoes, addresses, and other publications clergy in the diocese of Chiohester and Ox- provements, and a revised State Church for amenable to police regulation. What is it ford would be refusing to bury right and left ; Norfolk Island. In. 1853 the Aberdeen to the purpose tliat twenty days before the of course, to the great consolation of griev- ministry was counted a gam to the Liberal election candidates may circulate their pro- ing relatives, and to the manifest extension cause. It was an official consolidation of all fessions of political faith, and bulletins, in- of the Church ! But we should like to know parties in the House of Commons, excepting scribed with their names ? These professions whether any clergy of either diocese, or even the Tory Protectionists. It engaged to and bulletins, signed by themselves, must the Bishops thereof, would refuse to bury all carry on the work of reform. Sir James have been previously deposited at the office persons " living in notorious sin' 5 or excom- G-kaham declared that he would not have of the Procureur Imperial, whose function it municate. "VYould they, for example, decline accepted office had not the Government is to prosecute all offenders under the law to perform the service over a nobleman be- pledged itself to revise the representation, of appl ing to olitical " y p professions of faith. The longing to a Unitarian creed ? Would they the people. What says now the Knight of Government thus obtains a grasp over the object in the case of a Marquis living a ' last' Netlierby, and what say the electors of Car- candidate, may condemn his manifesto, pro- life ; or make a stand against the peribrmauco lisle ? "Unhappil y, the Russian war inter- hibit his "bulleti n , and prosecute him per- of the service in the case of a Royal prince, vened ; but now that the Russian war is sonally for employing language of a kind who, accordi ng to the technical reading of over, why not resume in 1857 the policy an- tending to excite to ' hatred and contempt' the Church code, might bo iving in noto- nounced in 1853 and interru "l pted in 1854 ? of the Empire. Besides, the electors may rious sin." Of course we know better ; the Nothing is to be expected from the actual desire to nominate men who have not avowed act Avhich the Bishop of Oxford desires to Administration, unless it be compelled to their candidature and whose names are obtain would adopt , prin- be enforced against the j) oor, ' Reform' as an election cry. Nothing ciples. who already are excluded from church by the is to be expected from the Tories, who only The Court of Cassation offer to professes to base want of room , tho supercilious classification goad the Treasury on questions of its decision upon the purity of the suffrage of tho richer orders, and the sense of their finance. And nothing can be done by the —a purity which annuls, from every point own independent Liberals degraded condition. In short, such an act , unless they strain with of view, the very essence of political elec- would introduce into the graveyard, tho all their power upon the Government and , tion . Morality, equity, common sense, alike same discri mination between the 'respectables' force it to choose between concession and declare that a defeat.' It may public vote obtained -un- classes and the poor ¦which is enforced in. the he that Lord Johw Russet der such influences is an imposture, a church. The burial-ground would bo limited has a measure in reserve ; but the time for delusion, and a forgery. submitting such a The advocates of to ¦ good society. proposal will be when abstention argue, then, that tho iberal Parliament iweetB under L Another bishop, the Bishop of Exeteb— tho stimulus of a party should not participate in an elect ion and ho does not stand alono—has been ob- general election. Enervated, indifferent, and corrupt thus radically vitiated, arbitrary, and illegal. jecting to a wall in a cemetery, because it is , tho existing Parliament is unfit for But the party of action rep its duties ; and while it lies that, under no higher than eighteen inches, and not, continues to sit, our all circumstances, abstention is a fatal policy ; therefore the political prospects can only be vague, nnrrow , bo thinks, sufficient to divide and paltry. ' that a conflict, without immediate results, is consecrated port from the Dissenting part. preferable to that immobility w hich may bo Evidently the Bishop of Exetisii, who ought ascribed to acquiescence or to despair ; that to know PURITY OF THE SUFFRAGE IN FRANCE. , thinks that there would be a prac- tho inortness of tho raass is tho coTmmto tical difference htccm We have scon another illustration of bctwoen a wall of cig 'judi- basis of despotism ; that timidity shelters inches mid one throe feet high or more. A. cial' justico in France. Tho highest court of itaolf under tho pretence of reserve the Empiro has ; and that Dissenting soul mi ght bo capable, ho thinks, decided that tho unlimited corruption skulks in tho disguise of scruple. could distribution of electoral bulletins is not of jumping over ei ghteen inches, but per- It may be thnfc some honourable and ablo bo kept out by the height of a five-burred missible) by law. By a monstrous in terpreta- men Avill bo detorred tion of a from joining in the gate ; souls being inferior to hunters in leap - legislative enactmonfc, it ia de- electoral movement by tho flag clared that a card , or sli itious jud g- ing, according to the episcopal estimate. p of paper, hearing ment of tho Court o"f Cassation ; but tho A Church surely the name of a candidate conies under greater danger threatens the , fact i« to be deplored. Tho main body of councils, in tho endeavour of some simple " ^BBro asr ^lBS^l . gai I^BJlB ^B 1%1 revere»d gentlemen to*render fcaem a, reality. cibous treatment? which' thoy receive* Is the nceM i&rbroader and mdre enduring thaa In the Convocation o€ York, the Reverend Bishop able? to open tlie church te> them ? that?L ot Whig survivorshi TSbtob claimed the right to elect He has no tfaefe p. Oanott power. He oofttraats him- Tory adventurers and Cbnfiertatvtre <&&- " our prolcutor ;" but the Reverend Canon self with many of Ms brother elfeegv, 1>y a trinaires are not a Hopeful coniraternity. Hargoubt, sitting as Commissioner of the really generoua act, when, in connexion \fifch Archbishop, could only " receive a written a local incumbent, he opens a poor school to< document." He could, not even hear it ~be used as a place of worship, in which th^ THE GHOST OF ALICE LEROt. I can hear nothing at presen he read—" t!" poor Christians may not be ashamed of their When the case of Alice Lehot was exposed*, cried. poor dress. the whole public was suddenly made aware " Before you prorogue, sir—:—" exclaimed The real Church, it seems, even in our of the proceedings of a anon Madame Denis, a C Teevob. own day, is to be found amongst publicans Frenchwoman, who imported girls from "In the name of Grod, Amen!" rejoined and sinners, in stables and catacombs. As to France and Belgium, and who rendered the Commissioner. We "William: Ver- the High Church her- 1 " , its clergy are kept in order self liable to a criminal prosecution. - In the ITON Harcourt, &c." by poliee, and its denizens are an offen ce to story of the time an ' old marquis' figured. The !Rev. Canon Tbetor—" Now, sir, I the very burial-ground. There was an old nobleman who is understood claim to be allowed to elect a prolcutor." not to have been a marquis, and it now turna The Commissioner— " You must not in- out that there is a marquis who is not old. terrupt me. We prorogue this synod or THE MINISTRY--GLADSTONE—DISRAELI. The case was again brought before the Court convocation to Tuesday, the 3]st of March ; Mb. Gtladstone's disposition to coalesce of Queen's Bench on Wednesday. Two and we continue and prorogue the same —" with Mr. ' PiSRA.Biii'is only too clear. It may- stories were told in court, and we must care- The Ilev. Canon Trevor—" I claim my be that the new compact does not extend "be- fully discriminate "between tbem. right to " et yond the question of the estimates, the great A. man named BL&jmisoisr, said to have beeo. The Commissioner—- To that day, or any battle-ground of the session ; Mr. GtI/ADsi-one a partner of one Denis, seems to hare other day, if occasion should require." is obviously and naturally eager to revive the been either the husband, or some other con- The Commissioner had beaten the Canon. principles of bis own settlement, and seems nexion of Madame Denis. This person re- Convocation is a delusion, a mockery, and a to have been enticed "by the adroit declara- presents himself as a wine merchant. He snare. We know of no attitude in whi^h tions of the Tory leader. But we put it avows to have frequented the house, n&w the Commissioner ought to sit, save one seriously to him. and to his friends, whether notorious, No. 3, Denbigh-terrace, Pirn- which may be seen in the Egyptian hiero- he will not lose in prestige and in position by lico, and he says that to that house glyphics. It is also described by Rabei/AIS. consenting to any actual alliance with, the came various noblemen—the Marquis ot It consists of putting the thumb to the tip Disraeli connexion. Are his motives their Bath, Lord Somerton, Lord Batematt, of the nose and extending the whole of the motives ? Is their morality his ? "Would he and others ; the Duke of Cambridge being fingers. The historical painter who portrays become the member of such an Administra- of the number. These persons, in 1852, that scene in Convocation will depict the tion as that which Lord Derijt introduced gave him. orders for wine, for it seems he did Commissioner thus extending the hand of to the Qtjeejt at'"Windsor, and which dragged not serve Madame Denis, but professed to fellowship to the Ca-non. itself through a general election more corrupt ae the creditor of the individual visitors at If we look into the sections of the Church, than any that had taken place for thirty the house. He also alleged that lie had eon the picture is not much better. The gentle- years ? Constitutional G-overnnient -would, veyed letters to various ladies, some ap men in black are cutting each other up, root indeed, appear under an eccentric aspect, parently in Paris, for the Marquis of Bath, and branch. The benefieed clergy in the with the Byzantine subtlety, the refining and who had paid him 101. at a time. The Duke diocese of Oxford met in St. Mary's Church mystifying intellect of Mr. Gladstone in of Cambridge was subpoenaed as a witness, to elect a Proctor in the Xower House of combination with the Asian mystery of his and was in court. At first Harbison swore Convocation. It is evidently an. election new-found friend. Such a political union, it to the identity of the Duke ; afterwards he which should be free ; and clearly, the Bishop, must be evident, could not be the offspring of said that a gentleman came to the house who a member of the Upper House, ought not to public spirit ;. it bears, at least, the appear- was called " Cambridge." He came there preside. It is as bad, said the Eeverend ance of intrigue ; it would be characteristic as a friend of Lord Bateman. The Duke Thomas Curm-e, Vicar of Sandford and Do- on the part of Mr. Diskaeli ; but on the said to Madame Denis, " My name is Cam- mestic Chaplain to the Duke of Mael- part of Mr. Gladstone it would be some- bridge V* and when Lord Bate man was bobottgh, as if a "Peer sat to preside over thing more than a paradox. He might re- present, he said to the person in question, the election of a member of the House of member his own definition of Tory finance " Hallo, Cambridge !" Subsequently, how- Commons. Mr. Ctjrme, therefore, objected ; on a former occasion ; and now that he hears ever, HAitittsOiSr thought he would not swear but the Bishop said that no one could inter- Toryism exclaiming against the immo- it was the Duke of Cambridge ; he would rupt the meeting until the Synod was for- rality of Lord. pAiiMERSTON's Government, its only swear that the person was U7ce the Duke, mally opened ; that is, until the Chairman habit of blustering to the weak, its systematic and was called Cambridge. Again, he swore was firmly established . Mr. Curme still complicity with the powerful , its half-way to the persons of Lord Somerton and Lord protested ; on winch the Bishop "brought for- meddling and insincere professions of Liberal Bateman, both of whom have denied the ward a very strong argument ; he sent for sympathy, he might with great propriety ask story ; and actions against them as debtors a po liceman ! The peremptory Chairman, himself what have the Tories done, since to Haerison have been withdrawn. Tho thus protected , opened the Synod, and de- 18-16, but display incompetence when in Marquis of Bath denies the debt for wine. clared himself " willing to hear any benefieed office , and malignity when in opposition ? He admits having paid 1-Iarrison 51. on one clergyman who wi shed to address the meet- The promises of the Quarterly are old cards occasion, and probably a sovereign on others, ing." Mr. Cukme wished to hand in his turned up again. Lord Derby played and but it was as «, gift. These discrepancies in respectful protest . " But," said the Bishop, lost with the same suit in 1852, when Mr. tho evidence of Harrison and of the persons " you cannot protest at this stage of the Gladstone derided Mr. Disraeli's Budget whom lie charged as his debtors, created, of proceedings ; it must be at the close ;" that is, as a shopman's scheme, and suppressed with course, a strong; fooling in court. The jury we presume, when tho Bishop and the clergy merciless ridicule his pretensions as a finance gaAr e a verdict for Lord Bath ; the Chief had broken up and departed. It seems that Minister. What were Mr. Disraeli's criti- •Tustice declared tho claim to havo been " a the conscientious clergy must stand in terror cisms on Mr. Gladstone in 1853, when the most unfounded and infamous demand." The of the police. If they attempt, on the one gall of the Coalition still rankled in tho Tory whole claim took the shape of an attempt to side, to introduce reality, some Bishop or mind ? Not of a character to induce tho extort mouey under fear of exposure—a most Commissioner -will introduce the police. A expectation that we should see these two ex- baae and cowardly mode of . attack ; and the clergyman who vindicates freedom of election Ch ancellora of tho Exchequer, in 1857 , ex- Marquis of Bath obtained some credit for is placed on a footing with the tickot-of- changing flatteries across tho floor of tho resistance. That is one story. leavo men ; and it ia tho superior clergy who House of Commons, and combining to defeat W^e now come to tho story which is not set up this regime! a nominally Liberal Government. Wo are contradicted. It is told by tho M arquis of Wo do not wonder that tlioro is no not concerned to solicit sympath y for Lord Bath, himself. He came of ago on the 1st * Church extension' under these circum- Palmehston. His liberalism, as wo have of March, 1852. " I was induced ," ho says, stances. The Church, for all its wealth, repeatedly said, is, in our international re- " to visit the house of Madame Denis." He confesses its own beggarly incapacity to lations at least, more damaging to tho cause owed nothing to Harrison. " I havo always carry out self-extension . It aeems capable of freedom than all tho prejudices that en- paid for tho wine, if not at the time, on my only of self-extinction. In tho parish ot cumber tho Tory benches. But wo had hoped second visit." " I used to give Madame Stepney there arc 80,000 persona, and in the to see tho political heirs of Sir Uobeut Peel Denis presents occasionally, and I. under- whole parish tliero is church accommodation giving their aid, as tho great Minister stood thoy covered everything." The Mar- for 600O. Besides, tho poor aro kept away, would havo given his, to tho construction of quis " never sent Haiuuson with lottors to as wo have already said , by shame at their tho Liberal party upon a basis more honour- any place, but Madame Denis sent jotters to own poverty-stricken garb, and at tho au per- able than, that of Whig egotism and in- mo to the different clubs, and no doubt Hah- 132 THE LEADER. [No. 359, Satu rd ay. bison carried them." "When he gave the 51. administer justice in districts comprising has seemed otherwise, however, to those who it was because Eaebisoit produced two or from six to eight thousand square miles, are likely to be most affected by the projected three letters which Lord Bath had written to and containing a litigious population of, per- changes,-—the European community of Cal- Madame Denis. " I never," said the Mar- haps, a million of inhabitants. The functions cutta and the adjacent districts being; de- quis, " drank much wine at Denbigh-terrace : of the Covenanted servants are twofold, scribed as greatly agitated and excited at the there may have been three "bottles placed on judicial and fiscal, and the same officer prospect of being subjected to the new code the table—-one of port, one of sherry, and one may be employed in both departments at administered by the Company's servants' pj" champagne ; and I paid for all. There the same time. At a first glance it may Under the influence of this excitement they were no supper parties. I merely ordered seem to English eyes a strange confusion of have engaged the eminent professional know- some wine, some little supper, and maybe, ideas to select a magistrate from the Cus- ledge and ability of one of the foremost ¦two or three women at tbe utmost have par- toms and Excise, or to choose a collector members of the Calcutta Bar, and have en- taken of it. I sliould think Madame Denis from the bench of magistrates. But in India trusted to him the following mission :— took some of it." Lord Bath did not meet there is one great advantage to be derived " To secure a parliamentary opposition to the amal- noblemen and gentlemen of rank and posi- from such a practice. It is in the revenue gamation of the Supreme and Suddur Courts in the manner proposed by the Law Commissioners in, En?~ tion at the house. " I may have accidentally department that the most familiar knowledge land ; s met as much as one ; I met him on the stairs is acquired of the manners, customs, social " To preserve -with an unimpaired jurisdiction the • as I entered. And on another occasion I institutions, and prejudices of the natives. Supreme Court as a Court of English Law, and -with a took a friend with me in the afternoon to At the same time, it must be admitted that distinct and separate existence, as it has been for the bouse. That is the second serious inconvenience often arises from the last eighty years and upwards, -which is necessary for show him the " the security of British and Christian inhabitants, and story. promotion of a zealous revenue officer to tbe commerce and various enterprises in which they are "We entirely abstain from comment on the some high post in the judicial department, or concerned ; .' ease. We have limited ourselves to repeating of an able magistrate to some responsible " To preserve trial by jury of Christian inhabitants Every line charge in the recei for the British and Christian inhabitants, and to pre- just what was told in the court. pt of custom. Neverthe- serve their exemption from the criminal less jurisdiction of above is compilation, nothing more. Far be , the system lias been found, practically, the Mofussil courts, as at present, in cases involv ing the it from us to condemn tbe Marquis of Bath. to answer exceedingly well, so far as the graver punishments, until those courts have qualified We say that tbe peculiarity in his case is, natives are concerned. But the question now judges; not that he should visit a Madame Denis, arises as to its applicability to the European " Without prejudice, however, to any plans of reform for bringing the criminal jurisdiction of the Supreme but that he" should be found out. If he is to community. The petitioners insist that they Court nearer the homes of the MofussiL people : be condemned, it is for falling in with the can have no confidence in the decision of " To promote the establishment of English law as ad- manners and customs of the country—of the magistrates and judges imperfectly acquainted ministered in the Supreme Cotirt as the lex loci of India, class to which be belongs. The peculiarity in with law and devoid of legal experience. And for all classes of persons and all kinds of interests not governed by a special law, like the Hindu and ftlahome- this case is, that such occurrences should be they object in still stronger terms to being dan law ; and foundoutcontemporaneously. They are seldom placed at the mercy of the Uncovenanted " To promote the prayers and declared principles of completely related until many years after the "servants of the East India Company, who the Petitions recently sent home from the Indigo occurrence. There has been lately a severe are, for the most part, Natives, or Eurasians, Planters' Association and European community gene- raid by the police upon houses not unlike or Europeans of an inferior grade, intellec- rally." that of Madame Denis. "We will observe, tually and socially. But even if the local It is certain that they could not have se- however, that Madame Denis would never and lower courts should be reorganized and lected a more zealous champion of their sup- have come to England, and "would not have improved, they maintain that the existence of posed interests, but it is not at all equally found the means of stopping here for a single the Supreme Court, as at present constituted, certain that there are any just grounds for week, if she had not been visited by Mar- would be indispensable for the security of their anxiety and horror. quises, old and young, and if there had not their lives and property ; nor, indeed, does been at least the chance of an encounter it appear that its preservation is at all incom- WHERE SHALL WE GET OUR COTTON ? once or twice upon the stairs. The case is patible with the reform of the Company's What have our manufacturers been think- only one of a hundred such, .which ' establish courts. ing of since it was announced to the Man- our position, that, underneath the surface, *' The abolition of the Supreme Court," says the Secre- chester Chamber of Commerce that the sup- the manners and customs of the English tary to the Indigo Planters' Association, " is proposed ply of cotton in the warehouses of the king- under the name of an Amalgamation, and the benefit to people are different from the manners and be gained is the introduction of the three Supreme Court dom is rapidly failing ? The question coznes customs which they profess, and which, when Judges to the Suddur Court, and their incorporation with with great force from the Midland counties. they discuss subjects of. morals, they ingenu- the East India Company's Judges in that Chief Court of But are any practical steps being taken to ously pretend not to know. Appeal. It is obvious that these three professional cultivate the cotton of India ? Is Indian The result judges are tvanted for their forensic training and know- cotton used largel in Manchester fabrics ? of the case of Harbison versus ledge of English law and general knowledge of prac- y the Marquis of Bath, at all events establishes tical jurisprudence. But the Supreme Court may be If not, why ? The calculation has been made, one important principle—that men like ILvit- preserved, and the object alluded to obtained, only by and not 'been disputed, that India could sup. bison will find great difficulty in recovering doubling the number of the judges of that court, and ply cotton equal in staple to that of America, any claim at law. S uch claims, therefore, establishing a rota among them to sit in the Court of and twenty-live per cent, cheaper. "Yet our must remain Appeal, or by some other slight modification of this plan. what are called debts of honour The Supreme Court Bar and different Bars—English, Indian staple remains inferior, our cotton —jusb the class which the Bankruptcy Court Scotch, and Irish—of the United Kingdom, would be exports from the Easb cannot compete in the considers to be most certain of recovery. amply sufficient to supply the demand." European markets with those of America ; Of the amplitude of the supply we have no roads are few, taxes high ; machinery is doubt ; it is of greater moment to determine scarce agriculture unprogressive. A VOICE FROM BENGAL. , We must the expediency of maintaining a multiform not he understood , of course, to imply t hat The proposed amalgamation of the Supreme code and distinct, sometimes antagonistic the cotton- growing capabilities of our and Suddur Courts of Calcutta, to which we courts, or having throughout tho length and Oriental possessions have been altogether had occasion to allude in the Leader some breadth of the land one code and one system neglected. A regular trade in that pro- months ago, appears to be rega rded with con- of administration. It is, of course, evident duct, the raw material of our most im- siderable dissatisfaction and distrust by the that even iu an. otherwise uniform code there portant branch of industry, has hcen esta- European residents in the lower provinces oi must bo some variety of action allowed Bengal. in blished between the districts of Broach and So deeply rooted, indeed, are their particular cases. For instance, a plurality of Surat and England. These territories lie objections to the contemplated innovation. wives is regarded by Mahommedans as not that Mr. W. along the sea-coast, the cotton lands being Theotiaxd, a distinguished even an inconvenience, while the leas impas- iii no case more than twenty miles from member of the Calcutta Bar, has been de- sioned, or more sarcastic Christian, deems it puted to this country water-carriage to Bombay, where the shi p- , charged with a petition a crime to indulge in a second wife until ho ments are made ; but the produce is not of a to the Commons of Great Britain aud Ire- has disposed of the first. Tho land in Parliament laws of in- high quality owing to the small demand, assembled. The peti- heritance, too, vary according to the three and the consequent limitation of price. A tioners complain that iu the Company's ser- vice neither pervading forms of religion ; but those are larger demand and higher prices would act; magistrates nor judges are matters of detail and capable of special qualified for the judicial office pro- naturally as encouragements to native agri- , either by a vision, and by 110 means sufficient to counter- culture. ;v professional education , or by practice at the Bar. balance tho advantages of simplo and impar- The lowest average price of American The civil administration of Bengal is tial justice . confided to two classes Besides, tho improvement of tho cotton is threepence-halfpemiy per pound ,— of public servants lower courts will naturall the Covenanted and the Uncovenanted. y mitigate the sufficient to act as a powerful stimulus to ita Tho labours of tho High Court of Judicature . cultivation in India. Future scales of prices former, within a few months after their In a arrival in the former article wo briefly stated the con- would, of course, dopend on the assessments, country, are entrusted with stitution of that court dutios oi great significance and its modo of opera- the means of carriage, the introduction ol , and within a tion, and have since seen no reason to modify ; very lew years are often called upon machinery, the education of the husbandmen to tho favourable opinion wo then expressed. It but there can bo little doubt that the Febsttar y 7, 1857.1 THE LEADER. 13$ ¦wretched genous cotton - of Hindostan, as the information that his Eoyal Highness the biggest. The reason why we do not like to act indi an this way now .yielded "by badly cultivated fields, might would be unable to attend. But no :—for is that we have a theory upon eternal commerce in t wo hours the originator of the meeting was punishments, which divides the future world by an in a short time be tnrown into impassable partition into two great compartments, formidable rivalry with 'the "best crops of e xpected, and he never came. one of -which is filled with the lost and the other America. It has been clearly showD, how- with the saved. Now, people very naturally revolt ever, that reduced assessments are not in from the thought of burning a man for ever. It is all very well to condemn men to perdition by thou- themselves sufficient to accelerate and extend dDjtetr CtttranL sands and millions, as is done in the pulpit every the supply. They have rather tended, as in Sunday. That is easy enough. We are condemn- CIH THIS »K»ABX4IKNT , A3 AIA OPINION^ S , HOWBVER EXTREME , ARE the Deccan, to encourage a slovenly system ALLOWED AN EXritESSrON , TUB EDITOR NECESSARILY HOLDS HIM- ing imaginary thousands and millions, and do not of agriculture, and to glut the market with SELF KESPONSIBLK FOX HONE.] realize what we are doing. But when the Rev. A. and taxation will There is no learned man "but will confess h.e hath has to stand face to face -with the maa B., he natu- low-priced grains. Rentals much profited "by reading controversies, his senses rally shudders more at sending that one poor flesh fall lightly on. the natives when their lands awakened, and his judgment sharpened. If, then, it and blood felon to- hell than he does at sending be profitable for him to read, why should it not, at increase in value, when the fifty per cent, of least, be tolerable for his adversary to write J-Muiok thither all those infidels and atheists over whose available soil, now lying waste, is ."brought awful fate he grows so eloquent every Sabbath. What, then, is to be done? The theory must be under the plough ; but it is worse than use- CONVICT-CONVERTS. saved, and the human instinct saved, "too; and so we less to attempt the development of a cotton- (To the Editor of the Leader.) can do nothing but declare both to the true. There trade with our Oriental ports until adequate Sib,—A disgraceful immorality is constantly ex- is a hell, "but the convict is not going there. The machinery and convenient roads and canals hibited whenever a convict is hanged. I do not now mediation of Christ, Sec. &c. No w- if we are have been constructed to improve the native refer to the drunkenness and theft amongst an idle content to say that the Greafc Future is in dark- system of agriculture, and to facilitate inland crowd, but to something worse than this, because ness except so far as present analogies throw a those "who are guilty are religious men, or, at any dim light forward upon it ; if we say that the only transit. Above all, superior qualities of rate, pretend to be so. No sooner is it known with thing we knoio is that crime ruins here, whatever it cotton must be introduced. The indigenous certainty that a man has murdered a couple of may do hereafter, we shall then feel that we are not cotton, lias a short, weak, and generally im- children or a wife, or ended his career as profes- launching the murderer into a sea of fire, but into poverished staple. On this subject a well- sional villain by beating in a man's skull with a the unknown world ; we shall be silently saying -th at life-preserver, than he becomes an object of special lie is too bad for us to mend, and so we commit him informed and suggestive writer remarks :*—• anxiety to the Church. All her artillery is brought to his Maker. This would be sincerity and true re- " The American cottons grown in India are larger to bear upon him. He is regularly besieged night ligion just on the occasion when it is most wanted. yielders than tlie indigenous cottons, and give a greater and day "by a storm of addresses exhortations Yours truly, W. H. W. follows that , , Scrip- proportion of wool to seed; and hence it , ture readings, and prayers, and then, after a time, were even the prices of indigenous and exotic cottons in nine cases out of ten we are told that the efforts equal, it -would be more profitable to gTO-w exotic than THE MOON'S ROTATION. of the worthy clergyman " had a most beneficial " indigenous in India. That there is but a limited, demand effect" upon the wretch; that he was observed to be (To the Editor of the Leader.) for ordinary Indian cottons in the English markets, and frequently perusing his Bible or sedulously repeat- Sir,—Mr. William Kenward, for I will not stoop to that were one million bales imported (of common Indian ing hymns. Occasionally, as was the case with a imitate his discourtesy, would never have been cotton) it would have no sale at all, its staple being in- man just executed for cutting the throat of the troubled with any letter from me, had he in his first ferior." woman with whom he had cohabited, the murderer letter to Mr. Best been leas discourteous and more "We may add that when the British Go- will shake hands with and kiss his attendants, hoping argumentative. His attempt to bring in question vernment sold a quantity of Dharwar - New to meet them in heaven. We will not stop to in- the " mental state" of Mr. Best, and say tha.t he, Orleans seed cotton and the best native quire why all this ' attention should be shown to such Mr. Best, would find the " straw to present always a reprobate when thousands more hopeful than he the same end to his nose," was a very poor substitute Khandesh, both cleaned, prepared, and saw- are perishing b odily and spiritually every day. fora series of geometrical proofs as an answer to those ginned for the English market by Govern- Perhaps, though, the care may not be genuine. Per- of Mr. Best. Is Mr. William Kenward still so obtuse as ment servants, that although the native cotton haps the poor felon is delivered over to the parson not to perceive the difference between true axial motion. sold in Bombay at fifteen or twenty per cent, before execution much in the same way as his body where the centre of that motion is -within the re- higher than the Dharwar New Orleans seed, is sometimes delivered over to the doctor afterwards, volving body, and that species of revolution so and for the same reason, because subjects on which lucidly proved by him in his experiment of the bason, in consequence of the native cotton being ex- to operate and refresh one's skill sire scarce. How- &c. Is he so wedded to the old dogma as to ignore travagantly lauded by its advocates, its pur- ever, this we do not care to investigate. We merely all that has been said relevantly on the other aide of chasers lost fifty per cent, on it when it got ask, is it not a monstrous thing that it should be the question. In all scientific questions, ought not to Manchester, the Khandesh best native publicly preached in this manner, that by some eccle- the establishing of truth to be paramount to that of selling there for 3i siastical hocus-pocus or legerdemain all tlie laws of a victory ? As to whether I am in a " quagmire" in y the action of personal regards and literary partisanship, it is of ser- Keen a clanger ; since any Rash, isgury, ttntikB tire case •ofTrflft* as its , would have been irreparable* vice in maintaining a Higher acknowledged standard of taste and morals, than vroirid in piaster or stucco " be nraintained without it by the staple action of unaided public opinion ; and so far We may close our notice with the following story :—* as it a©€3 this service it is by being administered in a strictly judicdal spirit. And as It is often, expedient, on public occasions, to humour the little caprices of selMni* our national experience of the value of judicial integrity and strict impartiality has portant but amiable functionaries. A pleasant anecdote of this kind is told of th© developed among us such a regard for these qualities, that it would surprise us to hear gonfaloniere Pietro Soderinl. When, on the appointed day, the ceremonial of ele- of a man being offended with a judge for giving a decision against him, so in time vating the statue into its proper position had been gone through in the presence of a the same feeling might he expected to grow up about literary criticisms : and, vast crowd of spectators, Michael Angelo himself superintended the removal of the personal regards once habitually banished from the literary judgment seat, we should guard-boards. Soderini, who was at this moment just beneath the statue, expressed find poets and painters no more offended with the individuals who pronounced un- himself as perfectly enchanted :—"There is, however," he added, " one slight defect, favourable judgments on their works, than in their civic capacity th.ey would be angry which can easily be corrected,—the nose is rather too thick." Michael Angelo saw ¦with the judge who found the law opposed to their claims, and gave judgment against that the worthy magistrate was so placed as to be incapable of really judging of thi» them. If we valued as we ought the influence of literature and art upon the nation, feature, but, as there was no time for discussion, he seemed to assent to the criticism, if we remembered that bad books displace good ones, for a time at least ; that facul- and catching up, unperceived, some marble dust, and mounting a temporary bridge ties uselessly exercised on literary employment might do the State good service if pro- on the side of the statne, ajffected to work lightly on the nose with a file, letting fall perly suited with occupation ; that the standard of excellence is lowered by the tole- at the same moment some of the dust in his hand on the head of Soderini. He then ration and laudation bestowed upon bad books and stupid writers,—we should, per- called out, " How does it took now ?" " I am perfectly satisfied ," replied the gon- h aps, begin to see that a strict judicial temper of criticism was no unimportant ele- faloniere. " You have actually imparted life to it." The artist descended quite as ment in the vigorous and sound mental health of the nation, and should look upon much pleased with the success of his stratagem as the worthy functionary with his the critic who ignorantly or wilfully misplaced his praise and bla me, as we do upon own critical discernment. the judge who, from ignorance of the law or corrupt intention, perverts justice and undermines the bulwarks of social order and prosperity. HENRIETTA MARIA. Letters of Queen Henrietta Maria , including her Private, Correspondence with Charles LIPE OF MICHAEL ANGELO. the First. Edited by Mary Everett Green. Bentley. industrious zeal of Mrs. Everett The Lifeof Michael Angelo Buonarroti ,' with Translations of many of his Poems and It would not be easy to overpraise the Letters. Also, Memoirs of Savonarola, Raphael, and, Vittoriw Colonna. By John Green. This volume, not large or pretentious, is the result of toil and S. Harford, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S. 2 vols. Longman and Co. patience, of a kind very uncommon in our days. Mrs. Green has ransacked That Mi\ Harford lias spared no pains in collecting the materials of this the public archives and private libraries of England and France- First, biography will very soon be apparent to the reader ; but that he has little while searching the French. State-paper Office, sne exhumed a variety of the more than diligence and love of the subject to qualify him for the task he Queen's letters ; others were furnished by individuals interested in her has undertaken, will be equally apparent. In every higher quality demanded literary objects, but the greater part of the correspondence has been dug by such a subject he is found somewhat wanting. His styl e is conventional; out of the Harleian collection, in the British Museum. Here she found a his mode of grouping facts, without felicity ; his criticisms vague and com- volume containing the letters to Charles I., ninety-nine folios, transcribed lace. We regret to be forced thus to qualify the praise which his by an English copyist totally unacquainted with the French language, partly monp but princi in her. The scribe had obviously- diligence elicits ; but for the reader's sake we are bound to indicate the de- in the ordinary character, pally cyp ficiencies in this biography, which, in spite of its varied materials, presents copied from the originals as they lay in a heap before him, without regard lace no pioture of the great artist, no picture of his times, not even a satisfactory to date, p , or unity :— Several which evidently occupied different sheets of paper, are separated in the account of bis works. .The volumes are illustrated with many portraits, many pages apart ; some- with copies of the cieling of the Sistine Chapel of the pulpit of the Baptistery transcripts, and the commencement and termination are , times the sense of a letter will break off abruptly, without any seeming break in the at Pisa, of the Basilica, and of St. Peter's as it actually is and as Michael MS., the copyist having proceeded with an entirely different letter, as though it were Angelo designed it. They contain moreover, memoirs of Savonarola ¦ , , a continuation of the same. Added to this, the words are often run into one another, Vittoria Colonna, and Raphael, which, although misplaced, will not be with- or one wore is divided into two : those letters of the alphabet which the queen formed out interest. Had Mr. Hai-ford, instead of inserting separate memoirs, somewhat alike, as v and r, are perpetually interchanged, and the misspellings are bethought him of painting an historical picture, in which, these celebrated abundant. persons might be seen standing in their real relation to Michael Angelo, he Mrs. Green had to compile her keys from the deciphered passages, but aa would have conferred a boon on the reader, who now will only regard these three or four cyphers were used, this process was tedious in the extreme. memoirs as so many interruptions. She then translated the letters, arranged them chronologically, and published Interesting the volumes certainly are. They contain so many details them -with slight annotations. Her laborious and conscientious performance about a great man that we cannot read them unmoved- Even the well- of this task deserves the warmest commendation and the most unreserved known anecdotes find welcome. We like again to read of the impetuous encouragement. student, so diligent amidst his impetuosity, so careful even of details that The letters themselves are important materials of history. They illustrate His biographers mention, among other instances of his assiduous application, his much that was previously indistinct in tlie annals of the period, but they do special care in attending to the minutest details which entered i nto his subjects : for not serve to qualify in the least the judgment that had been passed by all instance, in painting a picture founded on a design of Albeit Durer, or Martin on the character of Henrietta Maria. The (laughter of Schoens, representing the temptations competent writers of St. Anthony (to which he had added many Henry IV. was a vain, arrogant, selfish intriguer 5 cold-blooded, vicious, and grotesque fi gures of demons and monsters), ho had to introduce a. group of fishes, and She was the wishing to be true to nature he went to the animated by that sensuous pride which degrades its possessor. , fish-market, and made drawings of the s wors eyes and fins of various species both living and dead, which he transferred with the evil genius of her husband's court, the instigator of some of the king' t greatest effect to his canvas. It was thus that, even in his early youth, he aimed crimes, the flatterer , of his follies, the self-seeking accomplice of his treasons. at uniting vigour of design with correctness of detail. Her first thought after his death, as expressed in her letters, was in con- "but This love of truth is the distinguishing mark of a real genius. Only your nexion with her own personal loss—not of her husband, of her dignity. second-rate men bel ieve that imagination She had been " unqueened," she did not say " widowed." Not only was ' ' is superior to truth. Michael she fre uently urged Angelo liad imagination enough, and yet we read ::— it her constant effort to fortify Charles in his obstinacy, q him only to make such compacts as he could annul and disavow upon a _ He was intimate with the prior of the monastery of Santo Spirito, and about this ing that in strength time executed for its church a crucifix in wood of a size rather less than the natural. favourable opportunity. Mrs. Green is justified in say The prior, who highly appreciated his talents, accommodated him with an apartment and decision of character Charles was far surpassed by Henrietta Maria ; for the prosecution of liis anatomical studies. Ho soon took to the dissecting knife; the husband and the -wife, however, were probably equal in the -wickedness but the iiao of it so painfully affected hia nervous system, that for a time it seemed of their designs. Their correspondence, as now published, commenced in as though he mnst cast it away for ever. Nothing but an unquenchable desire to the spring of 1G42, when tho queen went to Holland to obtain the assistance render himself a complete master of design, could have enabled him to overcome this of the Prince of Orange, and to paw n her own jewels, as well as those of difficulty. At length lie was able to use it with more indifference and with almost the Crown, embezzled for that purpose, among the opulent Low Country surgical precision , and subjects were frequently supplied to him from the hospital of merchants. From that moment it becomes apparent how she goaded on the the monastery. king in his course of illegality and violence. " My whole hope lies in your " We have in this great master," as Sir C. Bell justly observes, " a proof of the anything to the contrary 1 am manner in which genius firmness and constancy, and when I hear submits to labour in order to attain perfection. Ho patiently, mad. The king s pearl buttons, and ruby collar, and tho queen's chain ami and painfully to himself, underwent the severe toil of the anatomist, to acquire a " ' power of desi cross, were haggled i'av by the Jews of Amsterdam, while Henrietta Maria gn such as it is hnrdly to be supposed co\ild be duly appreciatedu either then or now." ^ continued to apply the spur : " lie-member your own maxim, that it is better in and Bell adds, that ho made careful examinations of the anatomical studies of Michael to follow out a bad resolution than to change it so often : to beg , Angelo while at Florence, and found that he had avoided the errors of artists of less then to stop, is your ruin :"— genius, who, in showing- their learning, deviate from living nature. He recognised I understand they are willing to give you tonnngo and poundage for three years. the utmost accuracy of anatomy in his studies, particularl y in his pen-and-ink I repeat to you, that if you cannot have it as you ought, that is to say, in your own. sketches ot the knee ; fo r example, every point of bone, muscle, tendon , and liga- power to dispose of it, you pass a thing against yourself: you see it by experience, ment, was marked and perhaps a little exaggerated. But lie found for all that has been hitherto done with it , has been against you. the limbs of tho , «n surveying statues or which Rome of these drawings had been mwlo, that this While Hull was being invested, she wrote :— pecmharity was not visible: there were none of tho details of anatomy, but only the ellects of muscular action. You must have Hull, and if the man who ia in it does not submit, you have already The declared hi m a traitor, you must liave him a live or Head ; for this is no longer a mere following anecdote, which is new to us, woll illustrates Michael play. You must declare yourself ; you have testified your gentleness enough, you Angelo b mastery:—• must show your justice. Go on Loldly: (iod will assist you. ¦ Blaaio