—Ehe Economist:

OR THE POLITICAL, COMMERCIAL, AGRICU LTURAL, AND FREE-TRADE JOURNAL.

ee

of our duty; if, on the contrary, we do not stretch and expand our minds to the compass of thei ‘If we make ourselves too little for the sphere } well assured that everything about us will dwindle by degrees, until at len th our concerns are shrunk to the dimensions of our minds Iti te f a false estimation of our interest, or prevent the shameful dilapidat int predilection to mean, sor lid, home bred cares that will avert the consequences —BuRKE which a great empire must fall by mean reparation upon righty ruins, a = re Rn

No. 14. SATURDAY, DECEMBER 2, 1843. Price 64

which was immediately acted upon; and, for the time b NOTICE TO OUR READERS. they abandoned the hope of any of their manufactures out!iy the competition which the renewed intercourse with Enelan would bring uponthem. Unfortunat: ly, however, for all parties The Second Statistical Number ts published this day, and is the termination of our ‘political wars was followed by th: coru- on sale with the paper, or separately. mencement of a system of commercial hostilities, under th In consequence of the great demand for the Preliminary Num- tence of protection to nativéindustry, which has had the twefold disastrous effects of checking improvements in agricultui of upwards of Forty Thousand being ber, the original impression home, and fostering competition to our manufactures abroad exhausted, a reprint of Thirty Thousand Copies ts published At that period the superior mechanical advantages which w this week, and may be had singly, or with the other numbers. possessed gave us the uncontested command of all the new mat kets of the world, and a decided superiority in all the old marke for though our wages were two or threefold higher than THE CHINESE AND FRENCH TREATIES. rival countries, our mechanical advantages much overbalan¢ disadvantage in the actual cost of our goods, A termination of thi ‘I REATLIES In ( onsequence of our arte les on various CoMMERCIAI wars whit h had SO long interf red with the progr 3; of Industry subject, and a strong having awahened much interest on this and especially of manufactures in l’rance, Belgium, and G re specting desire having heen mani fi sted fo full information naturally enough stimulated the parties everywhere engage their contents, we have determined to furnish our readers with therein to prosecute their pursuits with more ardour in propo perfect copies of the whole of the existing ( ‘OMMERCIAL !REATII tion to the greater certainty which they had of security. But the greatest stimulus which those pursuits obtained was in between this and every other country; and that this may not the hostile laws which we enacted against the introduction of we will give them in Supplements interfere with our other matter, their natural products, thereby disenabling them to b ly our —of eight puges each (gratis ) —once a month until the whole goods, however much they might be disposed to d »: com shall be are compl led: and all future CoMMERCIAL TREATIES pelling them to make what they required for themselves, an given in like manner, so that the volume of the Economist shall furnisi.. g the manufacturers with the best pretence to enfor on their respective governments their claims to protection. contain a perfect copy of existing Treaties from time to tine. The result of this policy did not become apparent for many We will so arrange this that the Supplementary Vumber with years; but it was, notwithstanding, gradually and quictly Number shall follow Commerctat Treaties and the Statistical working: firet, to the exclusion of our gor ds from thi uu- each other at equal distances—t/ former al the beginning and tries, and next to a rivalry in the foreign neutral maz! , rally the one the latter in the middle of each month, so that gene The great want which our continental competitors felt, in the . ° x . L, or the othe) will be received every alternate week. The Jirst first place, was our mechanical power; that they gradually obtained, by persevering efforts, from England ;—ani ultimately, Supplementary Number was presented on the 2\st ult., containing by great establishments of their own, forced into existence only our Treaties with Austria and Denmark, and the Chinese Tariff by our futile laws against the exportation of machinery, they and the second was conve rted wmto English Monte s and Mi assures; became comparatively independent of us, even for thi clement presented on the 18th inst., containing the offi ial copy of the of cheapness. The same individual who told the ale cdots ab ve Chinese Treaty, and our Commercial Treaties with France. related is himself now one of the owners of one of the finest ma- chine establishments in Europe. ‘Those laws have been abolished, rR EE eee eee cee eee after all the mischief is done of trausplanting this important CONTENTS. branch of trade to other countries, and the consequence is, that we must not much longer calculate on any advanta to our productions from this source. Machinery, Wages, and Pauperism Spain - Partiesand Politics - - Turkey - ) We would not wish to be understood to express a desire that Postage Committee - - L'nited States - - 256 Eviis of the American Tariff Correspondence and Answers to Inquiries the manufactures of the world should have been monopolised by A griculturc - . . Postscript ° » - 257 Kingland, or that we ought not to have expected that othe: Court and Aristocracy ° ° . . Commercial Epitor “ - - 257 lhe Provinces ° ° ° Political Epitom ‘ ° - 28 would, whatever had been the policy pursued by bl England Aldi, LAKE Treland - - . - - Miscellanies of Trade - - - 9 The Metropolis - - . : - Miscellanea : - - 260 progress in these pursuits. What we complain of is that this Scotland . - Commerce and Commercial Markets - 260 aud other countries should be compelled by restrictive la to Theatricals . am ° ? ‘ Current ’ I Increase of Population and Decvease in 1 Markets) ------61 abandon those pursuits for which they are best calculated, and Consumption - - - - 248 1 Averages - 61 to follow those for which they have not the same natural fitnes Ihe American and Canadian Corn and Smithfield Market . ; a . 61 Provision Trades cs os 48 | Borough Hop Market \ or facilities, and thus injure the general condition of produc Agricultural Varieties - . . - “48 Coal Market i Court of Exchequ . - 248 | The Gazette ------261 and consumers everywhere. We are well satisfied t] he ti Monthly Meeting of the League - 249! Marriages - : ° ° Meeting at Salisbury - - - - 55 | Deaths i . y interest of England is that every other country shall | ros Foreign Advertisements - - - - « v62 perous—truly prosperous—whether in manufa tur re r agricul France - - - - . . - OF ture ; for let men never forg t that great productiy r. ee ee communicates great consumptive ability, and the ric] cou tries become, the more they require, directly and indirectly, the MACHINERY, WAGES, AND PAUPERISM. administration of industry and commerce. We cannot arr Some time ago, when conversing with an eminent banker in the progress of manufactures on the continent, nor would it b Brussels he related the following anecdote :—At the termination desirable for us to do so if we could, unless we could divert their of the continental war in 1815, he being then the youngest attention and capital to a more profitable occupation. But let partner in the firm, was sent to England for the purpose of us dispassionately examine the effect which their progr hi leisurely surveying the condition of the different branches of had and must have on the condition of this country, and « pe- manufactures, as compared with those in the north of France, cially on that of the labouring classes, in whose inte1 all in Belgium, and in the Rhenish provinces of Prussia, in all of others are essentially bound up. which the emineut firm alluded to had great interests. Vor In an article in a recent number, Wages, Profits, « Free some years England had been comparatively a sealed book to Trade, we showed very clearly the strict identity of interests our neighbours on the continent, and we shall never forget the between the employer and employed—the capitalist and th expression of our friend as he described it, when, after a few labourer; and that the profit of the one and the y of the days’ residence in Manchester, he had discovered the progress other were regulated by circumstances over which neither the this country had made in mechanical power. Alarmed at the one nor the other had any control—that supply and demand great difference which he found existed in the comparative alone regulated both—that the proportion of supply and de- powers of cheap production which this country possessed over mand was determined by ovr ability to sustain the com the continent, he wrote to his friends to lose no time in disposing petition of other countries in the great markets of the world; of the whole of their manufacturing property of every description, and that hence in those foreign countries the rates of profits and THE ECON ,OMIST. [December 2 +

wages of this country were fixed. By reference to Table XV, Suppose ‘the present ‘laws to be. maintained, let us eXamine page 182, of the last Statistical Number , it will be seen that shortly what must be the effect ; and, for this eeepose, let us take two-thirds of our whole exports go to the gr at neutral markets it for granted that the lowest rate at which & man can be of tl orld, in open competition with all other countries, and maintained in this country is seven shillings per week, and one-thi " nly to our own colonies where we have a pretended that when he cannot obtain that wages he must become a protection. ‘The following propositions, therefore, become un pauper,—and that in Germany the lowest rate at which a man / can be maintained is fow shillings a week, which , when he can- irst. For these two-thirds of our product thus exported to egypt not command, he must become a pauper. W ill thus call the itral countries we can command only the same price as that point of pauperism in England even shillings and in Germany obtained by the Swiss, the French, or the Germans. four s shilli ngs per wee ‘. Second. For the one-third sent to our colonies we can command , : These two countries are engaged in a fierce competition and oniy 3 the sam price as for the two-thirds sold in the neutral struggle for the trade of the neutral markets—a struggle which, markets, for, if in Jamaica goods of any kind sold better than as we have shown, can only become stronger and stronger every in ‘n Brazil. brazil, more more people le would Lt instantly ceateutiv trade trad to the un femmar ormer 5 in day. The nature of the struggle is this: they meet in Brazil tead of the latter until the price and profit were equaliz d. with the same goods, both anxious to increase the extent of their Third. Whatever goods are sold in the home market can trade ; in markets always rather over-supplied than under-sup- command only the same price as the net price of those sold in plied, the tendency is constantly to a decline of price, until it the foreign markets, after deducting all the ¢ xpenses attendant comes to the point below which goods cannot be produced. The on exportation ; for if higher prices c uld be obtained in the truggle between the merchants in Rio de Janeiro is quickly wiana trade, more of the Manchester and Leeds manufacturers felt by the manufacturers in England and in Germany; the would cultivate that trade, and abandon the foreign trade till German undersells the English merchant in Brazil, the latter tl e ices and ee were ¢ qual. I here is no difte rence im the d not repeat his order, except at a lower price ; the manu price of cloth in Leeds, of calico in Manchester, of silk in facturer here ceases to make more until want of employment" Spitalfields, for whatever market they are destined ; whether for creates a create petition for work, and reduces wages to the ihe country trade, the colonial trade, or the foreign trade. rate at which he can make the required goods at the required Fc ath. If our goods are too dear to sell at a profit in th price. Th sae truggle goes on afresh between the merchants neutral markets in competition with those of other countries, a abroa } . d for supremacy of the market; and again the same thing greater proportion are forced on the colonies—and the price is takes place at home,—in the struggle wages are falling first in reduced there also ; and then a greater proportion is again forced Germany and then here. And nou comes the important con- on the home market, and the price is reduced there also to the sideration—thi process goes forward until wages come to the came level: so that it follows that at whatever price other coun- lowest English rate of seven shillings per week ; at this point tries can bring goods into the great neutral markets, must deter- the English workman becomes a pauper and cannot go lower; mine our prices equally in Brazil, Jamaica, and the smallest rural his competitor in Germany secures the market at six shillings villages in England. anid sixpence per week, which, however, is still more than 50 Now, Now, tl then, as long as we had had greater mechanical power than he per cent. above the point at which he would be pauperised, and our competitors abroad, we commanded the trade notwith- at which he is maintained in comparative comfort Let that standing the higher rates of wages which we paid ; our goods process go on Ww hich has been so evident for many years, and were still cheapest in the open markets ; but just in proportion the sole effects must be, by pauperism tothin our |: ibour market, as the continental manufacturer has approached to our advan- to enable the remaining to command suflicient wages for sub- tages in the one element of productive power (machinery), sistence. ‘The monstrous position in which we thus place our eX: in that proportion have the wages of this country been labouring class ; Is too evident. how much better will the forced down to an approximation with those on the continent, condition of that vi ry class be for whose supposed selfish purposes and no power on earth can prevent wages being perfectly all ve pte is to be inflicted. They destroy that very trade on equalized as soon as the other facilities of production are also which alone they should rely for their best custom ; they not equalized, which periodis rapidly approaching. Here Lies THE only pr vent the surplus population being absorbed in manufac- TE CAUSE OF THE GRADUAL RBDUCTION OF THE WAGES, AND tures as hitherto, but they find even those who have been DECLINE OF THE CONDITION OF THE WORKING POPULATION 01 so employed driven back upon their hands as paupers, and THIS COUNTRY DURING THE LAST TWENTY YEAKS before long they will find that any increa of price which they The truth of this is seen not only in the general tendency which ean thus forcibly maintain will be far more than absorbed by had to approximate, but also in the pe rticular increased poor rates to maintain a pauper population, and in- inst in which the approximation is most apparent. In the creased county rates to protect their property, and punish mal eture of stockings no change has taken place in the ma- hungered and starving criminals chine used, for the last century—that at Chemnitz is as perfect as To this point we have not yet arrived, but no man has watched t at Nottingham; the consequence has been that the whole events d ring the last few years, and--is not convinced that we competition has been thrown upon the price of labour ; and in all are rapidly approaching it our foreign markets have they supplanted us in a great measure, and even compete with us at home. On the other hand, in flax | cotton spinning, the mechanical improvements have been AND POLITICS. i rapid and important, and consequently we have alway [lie Tory or Conservative party is a very large, but a very sustained our supe riority in these processes. What ignorance, heterog neou ne It embraces ill shad and grade 3 of Con- to rail at machinery as the cause of reducing wages !—it has in rvative opinion, from the highest high-flying asserter of the fact been the only cause why they have been maintained to claims of the ¢] hover tl tate to the most moderate adherent the « t they have to the most moderate preservatism. Tere may be found the Colonel Torrens, in his letter to Sir Robert Peel, apparently fractarian, with his ** Anglo-Catholic ”’ views, liis admiration of

little aware of the powe rful reply which such an admission is t ld t nil lesia i l a ce] ( ire, hi pre rence of whol f t principle for which he is newly become the n tel to manufacto1 ] reveren for cathedrals and ax bhorrence of pews, his zeal that the church (//s church) shall ( j ) , f bove all, in «ll, and through all,”’ Lhis d tion of the ls ls t ted f yup money cl I th pre ta e, Which hie con lers to be miamn- mon ' tti lfish, restless, given to change, am- How Colonel Torrens or any other man ean find are n t] engin jinning-jenny-ish, and altogether interfering with

T i Wil ch we have prov ] and n wl it li li re }. £0 a t] kis mutually pending, and respectful subordination of and mai ol laws | which create artificial s ity of food, rich and poor whic upp lL to have prevailed in the good tain its pri itly above the level of those countries, where tl Id « ( il Here also may be found the churehman, rate of t ultimat ly determine the w s here, we are vho res] nd defends the church, not as an end, but as a g ] to To continue this ystem cannot but have th inean the statesman, who has no objection to change, when it foll ng two distinct effects :—Tl irst, the price of fi od must bi appears inevitable; the « try gentleman, who has no higher maintained considerably lower abroad than it otherwise would lea of politics than “* whatever zs, is right ;’ the commercial be had they a larger market, and a greater demand for their man, who likes Conservatism because it is respeetable as well as irp] Secon lly, the price here must be maintained higher safe ; and all the mass of those who, either from education, habit, than otherwise would be with a sufficient supply. A_ fre predilection, or incapacity, are indisposed to think strongly on i * > @ trade would nearly equalize prices in each country. The imme- political yr subjects, e and would } rather be guided Sl ] than venture 4 fat P, 7 diate effect would be to reduce the one and to raise the other, in : ne Viewed in its entirety, the Conservative party is un- both of which effects, however, the labouring classes here are loubtedly a very great one ; and, when thoroughly united on any much interested. It is of more importance between two rival one object, as on the subject of the expulsion of the Whigs in ’ facturers that the cost of the raw material which they us 1S41, abl to a hic ve great things. Dut they cannot always find ual, than whether it is actually cheap or dear. And acommon bond of union; and the great diversity of opinion 80 it 1 en two classes of labourers whose products are to which prevails ween the different sections of the party must meet and compete in the same market. The continental manu- alway s, more or k 3, tend to pre vent that unity of action which fac r begins to understand this, and much time will not sults from complete harmony. elapse before we shall find strong efforts making among the The Whigs, primarily a small party, once constituted an trading classes in Germany to impede thé export of provision, almost a cy one, when, like the Conservatives in 1841, for their own personal ends. they ranged under their banners multitudes of various grades

nen mes ee 1843. | THE ECONOMIST. 243

and shades of opinion, but united on the attainment of one great Aberdeen and Lord Palmerston? Two Colonial—Lord Stan- ] object was Reform of Parliament. On that com ley and Lord John Russell? Two Home—Sir James Gra- mon ound wel unit d the vast ma of those who called ham and the Marquis of Norn anby? Two Presidents of { sel Liberals or | mers, from the aristocratic Whie. th Board of Trade— Mr Glad tone and Mr Labouche re? In- who t! ht that Parl ! tary Keform w in itself a social genuity might do a great deal to obviate these and other diffi. revel n | Ra lof extrem who looked on culties ; and if it be true, as is reported, that the QUEEN is very th; rel unge bu ere preliminary to reforms and alter- anxious for a ‘ ‘ coalition,’’ in order to have a strong “‘ mixed” ations, all tending to reconstruct the entire system of government Government, it will not be impossible to effect arrangements In 118 ¢ uUntry iii yr I of events has diss ved thie appa which might meet her wishes, and suit the desires and expecta- ré l ion, and re ed the Whig ] rty almost to it tions of the leading personages concerned. primitive ment Now, that Catholic Kmancipation, Reform hould a *‘ coalition ” be effected, it would probably have, as yl rliament, &ec. Ne., har l, es long since, 7 become as part Rene and ; a basis, some compromise on the subject of Free Trape. A und, the rallying cry of ‘ civil and - change would likely be made in the sugar duties—a repeal or re) us liberty” has lost much of that pr pecifi modification of the duties on the raw materials of cotton and <9 1 1% 4 . di which the Whigs used to id lves a haps the income tax remitted on all incomes under ‘ 1 ] 12 th l ! Ol il i Ol i rin 5 I | > a l ’ } OO and other little changes « ilculated to create a temporary \ ( i ii 5 I sulre much ¢ l cCVel re popularity. What would be done with corn is a puzzle. But i nent, in relation to eith auite p ble that that question would be attempted to be Wi V¥ il t | l r ient Ca i la : ’ ttled by an: g point of “ pro- ( ! j 1 l { il { ction” eight or ten years h leaving existing interests for y | ] rda ral thei the present undisturbed, but giving them ample warning and 1 i i Yy ‘ I DI ll time for hat iF ) t iil i rea } ( ind, h Free Travers is imply, +} y suNpo} » OF l \nd i r all | ble party combinations or political movements, to t ( i \ i { I I I ; ' lool D reErT on the left, and tur Prorie on the ( l l i La iif ( I ( right. Tyee trade is the greatest material good of the greatest ’ A 1 7 ' 1] ( ( il | { cy } eOonn Wu as f to number. It is the essential prosperity of the millions, against h iot surpl ( l l ulel | } ip} 1 l t] d ins and of the hundreds. ‘To com- t tha i s i , therefore, prom principles would now be acrime against humanity 1 Beil I ut ‘ a 5 a ae Luv If the free traders, now growing up into a formidable party, , 1 mi } 1 o7 he ( lo but steer rioht onward. insisti n the fullest application of l I i I | } principles, and the unqualified destruction of all mono- q ij i } na 1 Ulli I 3 rtific on or reinf ment of Dow street will i k { biti icr ¢ mn of ] liil UI y t ; an obliged to tl n, 1 ier tl ish at pi nt to pubh n, not practi lly, that it exercises its functions not for the s ! ) i £ lt t ) i Rober i l and Lord ley on th fit of la hut for th Y f the entire community. ove ; hb lJ 1 Palmerston 1 7 Lord ] John } Ri > ll on the 1 c t would | found any ibsta ve dif re nally, frankly, and uivocal Un. POSTAGE COMMITTEI T | | 1? ) . J qj i rai pOUU A l I l il ‘ ' ’ It will be remembered that ne time ago an count Was | \ ir J I i L | produced by the Post office to Parliament, in ‘ Paper 201, 1843,’ ] l I T | hy which it was nade to appeal that the Post othce did not in L i | i ly reality yield any revenue at all. It will also be remembered ( i in i \ j . } } 1 that in the debate on Sir Thomas Wilde’s motion for a committee iol i rv i L ] in re 8 l ithe subj of the penny postage, Mr Ge ulburn, the Chan- ; : ] Pp i | But 1 ‘ r of t . Exchequer, distinctly stated, i. and emphatically r 7 \ f \ re: l, “ that the Post office did not pay its own expenses,” and ( ( i t} } y + y that in the whole course of that deba much was said to dis- a ) re yeL\ ] i - ) pa e tl expe riment of a cheap rate of po tage by the sup- WV ) ALi i porters of the existing Governn t. Moreover, it has since come in ' » our knowledge that that debate has been published im sepa ‘ | individual ] rate pamphlet form by the Government printer ( Hansard), and i PG..a | 1 en + i pu we find has been somewhat industriously circulated among the , ? > J ’ 7 A } l A I it with hin J continental governments. What the object of this proceeding ill ( wma ( they ‘ : ould be it is difficult to define, unless it was as a friendly warn- ( i } { lh : i ng to other powers not to commit the same folly that we have i r i i Yording such an inconvenient facility to communica- . } } ] ’ } re f ] tion. No man of an enlarged 7 mind, ° whatever } be his : politics,— 1; . a \ 12 pP ! ir talac l 1 oY . = 1 ) y } man having a warmr yard for the social advancement of his a rab O! { itl i fellow men—no man prizing his pe litical } rivile ges—no man lk nued ] cl er to see this great commercial country advancing inits great- iw ] i not « ’ it presen wi l ind its commerce, can view the results of our cheap Lor \ rl | | ‘ | unw led sa isfaction and of grati- } ou ae sis ° Ii t I \ 0% ! t pl inent in obtaining for us so \ } i t ( th. no question for the success i i h men i displayed gre: I uxiety. If the Committee, I } ai n ] hefore us, | done no other service,it has fol | ( i tl lacy by which the Post office ' . hori the ( r of the Exchequer, made it appear . I ?

| VV foreign packet LH for his owl rvice is u uiralty, and the | it | iv with h hi } | 118 el ] i X} e of ino these packets does not enter into the i ( t men between whom dt but into t Admiralty, expenditm [he Post- ‘ A Post Uli office, \y y i) { ier x on t] re tt L in 1 ay, show a net revenue of I i Pal 1 lerous enough ft about 600.0007.: but when it is desired to make the cheap- i | Sir Ik rt | ] l ] . very f ire—the whole expenditure 7 ’ Hara i i il Ing invoived l try in t t |} its debit, turning the balance ' 1 } 7 } I I } rc tthe Ww i ra hy, there 18 iittie to io n l prevel m. I | remal ) hat Sir R > Peel ) w To this Mr Rowland Hill vy candidly, in substance, 1 plies ‘ } | | 7 ’ } p rt. of the pa ket ervice is vil | I n durin ts ul It may hye t } rt = nn or i l t] wel D t ther in I ( 1 thelr , no objection 1 } a} 1 y it \ t { } 1 D i ae that way, with : % the 2 fair pro- that h tl t] Lccoul i hall be tal uken in ) ’ ) 4 ‘ t 1 1 their mol a { year the } t-service cost placed to its debit; but then, 1] iastiaal ert i } ] , ’ } eura Ly idjusted i ( to : ( ition’ would probably a1 from let the other idle of the ¢ int be equally

| } ] ] rTr¢ ft t rly r y Si ’, newspa] ] 1 } oreat, - Lo J 1 Ra Lie is tenacious and hone his pride Che i inland | f carrying would ] ' ie eda t] letter [he newspapers go tl e, but a » | f 1 f ino too eat 1 anxiety for office } give +1 them vy this 1a ul | ! } 1 lie i ! ul r ¢ um Wil h ) ha fa] y stamp 18 a ched to each, to } : WT} eae long pursued | for } his coalition } with ] Lord North. } Othe ‘ ! lege, and retained oe : expt ly for this purpos What dif- real . . : a ay ee cifeulties would arise from the want of sufficient places for all ference * in reality ] does it make w her the penny np is on t the se coalition Sad ; Could la ¢has ere be } cs two 4 kings l of P Brentford as _— 1 the back of a letter; they are both equally ™ smelling at one ros wo Prime Ministers—Sir Robert Peel paymen for the privile ge of free postage. Lf, therefore, the hi ; he ent ) e and Lord Melbourne? Two Foreign Secretaries—the Earl of | postage : revenue account is : to be debited with the cost of the

eg Een 244 THE ECONOMIST. | December 2,

packet service, which is fair enough, though paid by the Admi- The principal articles of export were as follows :— ralty, let it also be credited with the receipts for newspaper Sugar, England, 4,790,000 stamps, though received by the Stamp-oflice department ; and 9 Hanse Towns, 1,338,000 in this way the net revenue is about the same as is shown by the > Italy, 2,625,000 ordinary returns.” ob Sweden, 694,000 Take the account, omitting altogether the Admiralty pay- * Portugal, 590,000 Prussia, 337,000 ments and the Stamp-oflice receipts, or place them both in the France, 225,000 account, which is probably the most accurate mode, and the Cotton Wool, England, 1,079,000 result is the same. We have, notwithstanding Mr Goulburn’s France, 144,000 emphatic statement, industrious ly circulated throughout the These tables, which are official, are instructive. The unfa- See ea continent—we have still a net revenue of 600,000/., and that vourable state of our trade with the Brazils has been matter of a sum every year increasing, arising from a uniform penny post- | complaint, on the part of those lawyers who compose our legis- age. We shall again return to other parts of this report. ir lative councils, and who, being utterly ignorant of the facts of hana, Sgt the case, promulgate a theory which suits their political views, ANOTHER EVIDENCE OF THE EVILS THE From the first table, it appears that there arrived at Bahia, in AMERICAN TARIFF. 1842, a year when the laws of the United States were less restrictive Notwithstanding the assurances of the Zimes that since the than in any year since 1815, 26 United States vessels, whose ton- adoption of the late anti-commercial tariff of America that nage was 4,737, bringing with them an amount of flour worth “their commerce and credit have revived, and the revenue of the over 800,000 dollars ; of those 26 vessels, Jive returned to the republic has nearly doubled,’—notwithstanding these assurances, United States with cargoes worth 15,000 dollars—the remaining given for the mere purposes of sneering at free trade, scarcely a 21 vessels having sold their flour, took in sugar, hides, &e., and day passes in which we are not furnished with new evidences sailed for Europe. ‘Thus it appears that the United States find of the contrary. In our last number we showed by evidence sale for 30,000 barrels of flour, taketheir pay in Brazilian pro- from the Americans themselves, how their import trade wa duce, which they sellin the north of Europe ata profit, and re- falling off—and with it their exports in payment thereof, and turn to the United States with a cargo of iron from Sweden, per- their revenue derived therefrom. forming a triangular voyage. Our account with Sweden, then, We have before us a new instance of the mischievous effects of shows an excess of imports ; immediately the lawyers, and poli that system of high protective duties which they have adopted. ticians, and their senseless organs, cry out, “See what an unfa- The American legislature discovered that they imported a vourable trade we have with Sweden! ‘The country will be large quantity of iron from Sweden, and that Sweden to “ah no ruined unless the lawyers save us!” They would have the Swe- American produce. They had, therefore, no seruple to pl a dish trade stopped, without thinking or knowing, that hy so prohibitory duty on Swedish iron, altogether overlool king the doing they stop the Brazil trade also; because the American fact that though Sweden took nothing direct from America, yet vessel cannot go to Brazil with flour, if it cannot get a freight that they carried on an indirect trade from the Brazils in the to Europe; it cannot take freight to Europe on favourable terms produce of that country to Sweden, by which means, in truth, unless, in default of other home freight, it can go into Gotten- they paid - — iron. They sent their ships to the Brazils burg, and bring home a load of iron. Hence, preventing the with cargoes of provisions, which they exchanged for coffee and import of iron from Sweden directly stops the exports of four sugar, whic - again they carried to Sweden, and exchanged for to the Brazils. ‘he result to the farmer is, that he cannot sell cargoes of iron; thus finding « market for what America had his flour, but must pay more for his plough, in order to encourage im abundarce, and returning with the most important r LW the miner. This is called benefiting the planters. material which America required for her own uses from the best market. How long will governments insist on interfering with AGRICULTURE, matters of which the ‘y are totally ignorant? How many more No. IV. instances of the mischiefs of governments attempting to teach ON TILE INDICATIONS WHICH ARE GUIDES IN JUDGING OF THI merchants how to do a profitab le trade must be multiplied FERTILITY OR BARRENNESS OF TUE SOIL. before they become ashamed of their ignorance? We will, | BY THE REV. WILLIAM THORP. ever, let the Americans tell their own tale, which is 01 ly another ( Concluded from page 61.) illustration of the principles which we have attempted to lay Concerning the magnesian limestone Il would observe that colow down in our articles on “ Reciproc ity” and international trad value, the whole of the soils being red and yellow, and all ** The trade of the Brazils has of late been a subject of some more or less red after ‘ rain. That consistence is a valuable sign; thie public attention, growing out of the approaching termination of r soils, or those which contain not less than 5 per cent the treaty between England and the Brazils, and the new rela- alumina, will grow permanent grass and the oak; and that the tions established between the court of France and that of the firmer, or those rendered so by management, will preserve red Brazils. The United States have, while talking about the pre- servation of their trade at home, greatly neglected their interests clover from the frost, while others, more “deaf” and pulverulent, in that quarter. In order to understand the extent of the com- will not grow red clover at all That, contrary to the Wolds, th Ulow soils are much inferior to those of moderate depth. That merce, we take from official documents the following l] table of the trade of Bahia for 1842 :— the tion on the soutl le of Dong r is acertain criterion Imports and Exports of the Port of Bahia from and to each that the land on that is superior to that of the north side. ‘T) Country in 1842, with the Tonnage entered and Cleared. rcol xplains s upon the Wolds shallow soils exist, for they Imports. Exports. T’geen’rd. T’gecl’d onls found where large bodies of water have passed over the rock England 3,246,243 dls. 11,193,625 dls. 19,049 19,285 nd wv t out ito Vallevs while on the south side of Doncaster Hanse Towns = 1,718,062 865,205 382 9,589 superior soil is caused by an admixture of sandstone-pebbles Prussia — 63.280 787 Austria 63,000 165,787 1,195 6,902 brought down the course of the Don at no distant period of the earth’s Sardinia 55,943 162,980 939 2,264 history Two Sicilies 10,012 27,243 1.248 195 Upon the coal, or carboniferous series, there is every variety of France 612,000 133.500 3.060 1.575 Portugal 326,362 2 7.807 j ) colour of the soil, in consistence, and in the vegetation of particular United States 27 562 1730 27 istricts : and a casual observer would find no order or regularity. In 203,043 = OQ 1-9" Uruguay some parts, even sin rle fields laying in an east and west line are of Africa © 28,387 1,880 3.717 t Sweden & Norway 23,905 1,366 1,484 different value. But the prevailing agricultural characters are strictly Spain " 37,462 760 173 dependent upon geological causes, and if geology is unable from want Denmark 3,580 1.062 550 of section to explain the agriculture of the country upon the new red Argentine Repub. 15,750 587 {08 sandstone, it alone is able to give any rational explanation of the Netherlands 4.237 1G 200 Other countries 36,375 ai 570 319 ereat variety of land observed } west of the limestone, between either Peru — = “24 i Hickleton, Hemsworth, or Wakefield, up to Penistone. Now all the strata of the coal series rising at a rapid angle to the west, and this at Total 1842 5,145,637 3,565,437 57,434 58,206 » 1841 5,410,875 3,438,750 62,737 709,59 vreater rate than the surface rises, the various beds consequently In these figures are not comprised the import and export of the come to the surface and extend across the country in north and south precious metals, which amounted in 1842 to 93, 790 dollars of ines; therefore, if similarity of soils from identity of strata exists, import, an l about os dollars of «¢ xport. The chief articles they will be found to extend from north to south. of limport were as follows In the first place, the upper beds in the coal field have re them Amount. some of the most valuable lands in Yorkshire, which consist of grazing, Cotton Goods, from England, 10,800,000 fr, ” France, 1,209,000 pasture, and most excellent wheat soils ; these are the Heath, 2 Nostell, ” Hanse Towns, 266,000 Badsworth, Lord Galway’s at Felkirk, Mr Foljambe’s estates at Bri- Linens, England, : erley, and farther south, Mr F. Wilson’s Melton, let at 30s, to 3/. Woollens, ‘ Silks, si 57.000 per acre. All the borings and sinkings afford a list of sandy binds, or ” France, 612,000 clays mixed up with sand, and which do not usually require draining. Flour United States, 1,446,000 Below these, and further west, there are three thick beds ot sand Iron, England, 281.000 ” France, 300,000 rock, which come to the surface and afford the lands of Sandall, near ” Portugal, 138,000 Wakefield, Woolly park, Monk Bretton, Wombell, Wath, &c., light 1843.] THE ECONOMIST. 245

andy sheep soils, the agriculture of which, for twenty to thirty miles, from the blood vessels becomes organized, the lung consolidated and corresponds to the rocks upon which each farm is located. rendered firm as liver, and the air cells obliterated by a semi-solid Below these four rocks, binds consisting of more clay with less albumen—hence dulness on percussion ; and the bronchial respiration admixture of sand prevail, and occupy the largest portion of the coal is heard, owing to the firm substance of the lung having become a district, and contain the most valuable coal mines, some of which are better conductor of sound. It is needless to say that each of these worth 4002. per acre. Even some of the coal beds, as the muscle-band stages of disease requires a different treatment, and that in the last ironstone, with its coal, can be traced when only twenty to sixty stare, where the tissue of thi lune is disorganized, large depletions yards deep, by the very wet and clayey lands above it. A woul 1 be certall death.

The flagstone and millstone erits at the bottom of the series th en It is evident, therefore, that geology and chemistry afford as much come to the surface, and their productiveness is limited by the ek Va- information really practical as auscultation and pathology do in tion to which they rise, for they form some of the most elevated medicine ; and if, by the question of what are practical indica- regions. When sheltered and in valleys, there is seen upon them som¢ tions ,of the value of soils, asked by the Royal Agricultural Society, excellent meadow lands, also good wheat and barley ; indeed, Peni- they mean only those of colour, consistence, and vegetation, they wi 4 stone seeds, for laying down grass, are celebrated. But wpon thi rect ive an answer as much empyrical as that given by a physician western heights, 1,200 to 1,800 feet above the level of the sea, the who declares his diagnosis and mode of treatment in diseases of the crops, from the severity of the winter, are cut up, and the hay harvest chest from a consideration of only the more external rational symp- is commonly not completed by the 12th of August, and the oat Croy oms, to the n glect of the physical and pathological ones, are frequ ntly not housed before November. : The fact is, that agriculture is closely allied to the general sciences, Here, then, upon the coal series of Yorkshire, although consistence ind to exclude any of these from our deliberation is to contract our of the soil, vegetation, and the geological relations of soils have eacl view of the grand operations of Nature concerned in all her produc- + 9 their respective value as marks of the value of fland lan ; yet all these ar¢ LIO! subordinate to the western districts, the climate , a spect, “XxC., of car h {t is true that the descriptive sciences always precede the general particular farm. sciences —in the former we seek ly the differential characters of facts— while in t he latt r we combine them and connect them together by Such, then, is an outline of those indications which are guides in nalogies ; hence to describe a soil in its variation of colour, consist- judging of the fertility or barrenness of soils, with « xamples of 1 heir application through the whole of Yorkshire ; any one of which is not ence, and vegetation, as in anatomy to deseribe the blood vessels, to be used to the exclusion of the other, whenever it is practicable to nerves, muscles, &c., must precede all knowledge of the capabilities siology of both. But in order to predicate respecting the use them all, The Royal Agricultural Society, however, give prefer- and itions of the fertility of soils, they must be considered in their ence to those obvious ones which are called practical, for they Say more reneral relations, we their with “by these farmers and surveyors give at once a practical opinion upon must discover connexion geology, chemistry, and with physiological botany, and the more we the probable nature of land which they inspect.” [ do, howe ver. main- KNOW Ot eur h of thes« correlative br nches of agriculture the more we tain that whenever a person has a knowledge of all the si 2ns, 2. @. shall be able to appreciate their bearings upon her practical operations, chemical, geological, together with those more obvious ones men- tioned, and is capable of applying them, he will form a more correct and to rive a philosophical explanation of that most important of all opinion than another who relies only upon those more simple, and sciences, viz.—that from which the human species derives all its comforts, and by means of which its race is perpetuated upon the will find, in innume rable cases, that the geological Si ms wil surface of the globe. why the chemical ones are exhibited ; while both combined wil show why a difference of colour, or consistence, @Xists, wh ch ag ul will explain the difference of vegetation upon various soil The COURT AND ARISTOCRACY. whole of this subject is well illustrated by what has occurred in the practice of medicine. Thirty years ago the only signs which are¢ Tue Ducuess or GLOUCESTE u—Dr Hawkins and Mr Keate attended the Royal Duchess on Thursday. His Royal Highness the Duke of Cam- indications of disease in the chest were derived from states of the bridge went to Gloucester House on Thursday, on his arrival in town from pulse, the skin, the tongue, the breathing, cough, and spectrum. It is Cadlands. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, and other members now, however, well known, that in inflammation of the substance of the of the Royal family sent to make inquiry of the health of their illustrious lungs (pneumonia), that 1-l0th of the cases are entirely free from relative. Some of the foreign ministers, and a number of the nobility and gentry, called in the course of the day to learn the state of her Royal pain—that 1-7th show nothing abnormal in the breathing—and in Highness. 1-6th the cough and expectoration are simply catarrhal ; so that a Her Masesry’s Visirrs.—On Tuesday morning the Queen and Prince person may have a violent inflammation of the lungs and yet be Albert left Windsor on a visit to Sir R. Peel at Drayton Manor. The morning was peculiarly bright for the season of the year. It was near 11 entirely without pain, have no difficulty of breathing, and have only o'clock when the Queen and the Prince reached the Watford station, the a slight cough. So that, under these cir umstances, the pulse, the distance from Windsor (about 22 miles) having been gone over in less than skin, and the tongue are the only rcmaining fallacious signs to indi- two hours. At 25 minutes past 11 the train started, and the cheering was cate not only the seat, but the nature of the complaint and it may most enthusiastic. Wolverton was reached at 2] minutes after 12 o’clock ; and here her Majesty had signified her intention to alight. A private be truly said; that a physician who has only a knowledge of these room had been fitted up wherein were placed refreshments. Her Majesty ns is as liable to be in error respecting diseases of the chest as much and the Prince retired together, the members of their suite remaining out- side. At 35 minutes past 12 o’clock her Majesty returned to the state car- as a” person who examines in a soil only the colour, consistence ° and riage, and in five minutes the train wasagainin motion. Crowds of people the the vegetation for indications of its fertility. were assembled, by whom the Queen was received with hearty cheers.

Laennec, however, by the cliscovery ot other physical signs, has The train arrived at the Tamworth station at 14 minutes to three o’clock. r R. Peel was in readiness to receive her Majesty, who immediately pro- done for medicine what chemistry has for agriculture, added greater ceeded down the steps of the station to the carriages which were in readi- precision to our knowledg He found, by the aid of percussion and ness, Here an escort of the Staffordshire yeomanry were in waiting to auscultation, that five cases out of seven present in pneumonia in thi escort } er Majesty. Sir Robert Peel accompanied the Royal party on horseback. From Tamworth to Drayton Manor the scene was extremely first stage of invasion; 1. A remarkable feebleness of breathing splendid. Atasplendid arch at the end of the Clarence road, the corpo- 2. ) That in nearly all cases under 50 years of age, during the second ration, through the mayor, according to ancient custom, presented the or inflammatory stave, there is a remarkable cracking in the lung (a mace and other insignia of office. They also delivered, in the name of crepitant bronchus), resembling salt thrown into the fire, and per- the corporation, addresses to her Majesty and Prince Albert. Dinner was served precisely at eight o’clock, and covers were laid for 21. After fectly diagnostic, 3. That in the third stage the respiration is bronchial dinner her Majesty retired to the library, in which room, as well throughout the lung, accompanied by dulness upon percussing the walls as in the adjoining rooms, are many of the chefs d’euvres of modern of the chest. ‘Then the labours of pathologists were brought to bear art in painting and sculpture, which her Majesty spent some time in admiring. Her Majesty retired shortly after 11 o’clock, and on upon this subject, and which, just as geology is able to explain why Wednesday morning breakfasted at eight o’clock in her own apartments. Variations in the colour, consistence, and vegetation of soils do take At half-ps ist nine o”¢ lock Prince Albert started from Drayton Manor for place, as well as most of the chemical and mechanical dit the Tamworth station, to proceed to Birmingham, for the purpose of inspecting the most remarkable features of that great manufacturing town. the anatomy of diseased parts (pathological anatomy The Mayor having been introduced to his Royal Highness, his worship pre- made subservient to the explanation of all the phenomena attending s¢ nted a loyal address, His Royal Highness, in reply, ( xpressed the deep disease, and has become the very basis of an enlightened view of interest he took in the trade, manufacture,and general welfare of the town of Birmingham. He had not the slightest doubt but he should experience therapeutics. It informs us, in the case before us, that in the first the greatest gratification in visiting the various manufactures of the stage of inflammati m the blood vessels are loaded with an inordinate borough. ‘The first place visited was the glasshouse of Messrs Bacchus and juantity of blood, the lung consequently congested and tumefied ; and Sons, in Dartmouth street. Here he inspected the various processes consequently the first physical sign of feebleness of respiration adopted in the manufacture of glass. He then visited the rolling-mills of Messrs G. F. and P. H. Muntz. A most novel, but for the manufactory, explained. Hence to unload these blood vessels is indicated as a a very appropriate sight was here exhibited. Instead of laying down car- means of cure. That in the second stage the distended blood vesscls pets upon which his Royal Highness was to walk, Mr Muntz laid dewn a unload themselves into the substance of the lung, by which the quantity of be ifen 3 ye lL. Mr Muntz took the Prince over the entire works, showed him the system ofrolling metal out of the fires, and ingress of air into the cells is further obstructed, while the viscid stoppe land put on the immens e steam-engines used in this extensive esta- secretion of the mucous membrane, simultaneously inflamed, only blishment. The Royal party next proces ded t o the splendid show-rooms of Messrs Jennens and Betteridge, papier maché manufacturers, Constitu- yields to the a forcing its way through it in suecessive bubbles tion hill. The Prince rea hed the works of Messrs Elkington and Co. at hence the crepitant bronchus, or cracking, is explained. lk nce half-past one o’clock, and was there occupied about an hour in minutely general antiphlogistic treatment. In the third stage the fluid effused inspecting the various processes connected with the electric de] sition of =

46 THE ECONOMIST. [December 29, a ee ss - - - metals as applied to gilding, plating, zincing, coppering, &e. The button | ResTORATION OF St Oxvave’s Courcu (DESTROYED AT THE 1 soll manufactory of Mr Edward Armfield, in Newhall street, was the next my TOOLEY STREET).—On Wed lav tl mitte +} : object of interest. Here his Royal Highne ss met with a larg | ty vestry to direct and ip ; + : assembled to receive him, and upon his entrance was loudly applauded. | at St Olave’s Girl’s Charity school, Maze pond, § y : 0 The manufacture of buttons, it is hardly ne sary to say, is amongst th vill recollect that thi staple trades of Birmingham, and it was somewhat singular that the j la vmit fil 1 Too ‘ as if by anticipation on this occasion, wore Birmingham buttons of Mr | many other buildings, fell a prey to th » alien { = Armfield’s make. The next point of attraction was 1 own hall, in | } alm immediately af 4 Ke at = - ‘ which from an early hour of the day, a large company, « ‘ : ‘ . , sively of ladies, had been ssembled [he Prince, to their 2 i Ta ( irch I t ar mn f tion, arrived at the hall about three o’clock, and took up a 1 it Lin the and res ta ari Ss I ‘ centre gallery. Mr Stempson played upon the organ the National Anthem qi ntly h | when pla for t ‘ ‘ The effect was admirable, and it was most cordially responded to by the restori audience. Mr Stempson afterwards played a voluntary, and, in con | mature deliberation. it o Martin Luther’s Hymr " The Royal caval le next p eeded to the th Xx] Proof house, where they were received by the wardens, and after a \ y furnishe ' of a proof of 126 barrels, left, highly gratified, for the term ofthe Derby | . : cpenditur. l not be] railway. ‘ th t} hand. tak Y } On Thursday, at two o’clock, her Majesty and Prince Albert, atte 1 | wall, galleries, and p : : by their suites, and accompanied by the Duke of Wellington, Sir Robert | materia lavas aha anne’ sy ih Peel, and some of the most distinguished guests, left Drayton Manor for st of many thousands th h. 7 } Lichfield. The country people cheered the Royal party as they pas thereto 1 ted, and bu r ¢ itra ~ sata : ‘ Her Majesty passed to the Cathedral, where the Dean of Lichfield and the estimates for that purposi i“ a #4 wit] : other clerical authorities received her, and all the most remarkable feature eighteen tenders were subm 1 nt t ed th er among its contents were pointed out to her. Her Majesty returned to Dray | Messrs Rid id So f Tnion strect Ro 7 cS f ton Manor at a quarter past four o’clock the whole works, to restore t! : ry yr, NG dtnan at 0 ; His Excellency the Duke de Palmella left Mivart’s hotel yesterday, on re Cpe his return to Portugal. Baron Moncoryo, Portuguese m nister, accom SS, panied him to the Southampton Seeteniantieaneanmnese railway rH PROVINCES Hts Royat Hicuyess tue Duc pe Borpravx.—The list of visitor recites at the first levee of his Royal Highness the D Bordeaux, has excited yp.— The exce | is 1 ul { some sensation The arrivals from France continue to be numer niy pi l \ 1 . : Upwards of three hundred French noblemen, of high lineage and illustrio 1 into th ‘ ‘ : birth, assembled on Thursday at the a; ts of M. de Chateaubr lit f , = for the purpose of presenting an addre ble l suffered by I gentleman As soon asthe Duc de | had vered tl i n b t fi . : his Royal Highness the Duc de Bordeaux entered the room, and went verley. &c., t es 1 le Many a ; to M.de Chateaubriand. The good old man endeavoured to ex h been lost in vicinits Asa} gratitude to the bled company ut his em thickened n i that a tre i utterance that nis rem i I rhe prince the me for 5 —_ 1 and with calm dig n voice, sa —*§ G nen—| it it i you had assembled in the aj I. de Chateaub I ad ; glad to avail myself of this t I ‘ ve} ‘ i yremely happy at finding m he mi f nx ymel fon Risers : ° . ‘ \ thoughts ' 7 ; , : ‘ VOI I y Ml love France, because it is my native land; and if ever my 10 | \ i 3 has iia Nuns * : Lee S. ; f | strayed towards the thron¢ it hope that I might be permitt yw se pl i hse eters ae ; ' :

and sentiments = which M. . de Cha has so gloriously i me iariyv a ré t that, from my! j DF ment i , 1 and which still boasts of so many and such noble defenders in our nativ re ae hs tire EI en Se ke land beca I may m y t J ( OTT eS ES ma ect I Ve I I t I i I } . i : at yet f ily tern th them, ! I er that THE METROPOLIS tions and rules, they mi De t hum n l imy kno é t i I

Meztine or Metrropouitan Tattors.—On Monday last a very nume- | 7 ; ™ SA oS ; 1 radi 2 an : ng y a differ [v ob rous public meeting of between 500 and €0) members of tl held at the Hall of the Nati ynal Association, Hig! Holbor », Mr Reynold : ° wane Oo Ad en . “o | ye — en tunit in the chair, for the purpose of refuting certain statement b had ep- | Smee ownage dan de smparsed. 4 : peared in the morn papers relative to the rate of remuneration f ANOTHER GREAT 1 M7 t r nS labour given by the cheap establishments in the trade r) hairman | ‘ EGATIONAL © ~The comn , p stated that the dé pression in the trade th: ighout the metropol was of tl ( , nal { n I t I altogether unparalleled Mr Barker, the secretary, then stated that th cd fer I ( | i é ( central committee of the Metropolitan Tailor’s Trade Protection Society caarcnes, tO mat : , t fd } ’ had resolved on resisting these aggressions by appealing to parliament and | ! the public. (Applause.) He stated that Mr T. Duncombe, M.P. for I ; t. A bury, had promised his assistance for the former purpose, and ' ceeded, from the testimony of witnesses employed in th B00r t ; that the reduction of prices in the cheap establishments of Vv I such as to superinduce much of that misery and sta ion ¥ isted in the trad Much indignation was e3 l at se di ) i Rorat Socrety.—The anniversary meeting of the fello of t] t i was held on Thursday, at Somerset house. The Marqu f Northampto rt At the president, took the chair, PI 11 ner s ] *m I r tt PI t The noble president, ina brief address, c t m fl rD —Leeds M ing state of the institution, and alluded to the s 8 re the A tarctic expedition, undertaken by Captain Sir James Ross, member of th IPTTANN ca council. He also adverted to the decease of some of the a aN ' bers of the society, giving a brief history of their connexio TATE rro? amongst whom had to be enumerated the late Duke I i PosTPONEMI OF THE TRIAL sd council had to report that, notwithstanding these deaths, the society’s list | Qyeen’s Bench on b f of the t has been The. of members, from recent accessions, was more numerous than at any former | tammevelianeral. wit > ‘ 5 S period. After the transaction of some routine business, the election of | existing jury panel, } . ; officers was proceeded with, when the Marquess of Northampton was | yary rhe ’ ma , re-elected president. Votes of thanks to the noble president 1 the | ¢rial ti] next. year: but several officers of the institution terminated the proceeding 1 olin iat Natronat Bevevotent Iystitutroy.—On Thursiay, t ul ? of a meeting and general election of this charity, founded in 1812, by th ae ce Peter Hervé for granting pensions to aged tutors, gover ses, and other | ; * st ; worthy but distressed members of the mi classe f any ry o1 eee aie ‘ 4 persuasion, was held at the Freemasons’ ! Q reet, his | , asi ea (tj \ grace the Duke of Richmond in the chai itive receipts for t | ( ' ; ; past year being 7,352/., and the disbursem iamely, i 8 | fror Ro} p 5,263/., funded property purchased 1,1901., ¢ nc¢ 12 - ‘© mgt. sa She ber of candidates for this year’s election was f | of pensioners, making in whole twenty-thr j ‘ t | : of one hundred and seventeen. ‘A vote of thanks to the no 1 \ ee eee , proposed by the Rev Dr. Knapp, was carried by ac« 2 | meeting proceeded to the ballot, which closed at betwe thr id | UV" —ihe £ four, p.m. Botanicar Socrety or Loypoy.—The ith anniversary 1 f this society was held on Monday evening, J. Reynolds, Fsq., tr | t | Is, will px Dubl . ae } a ' ne : the chair. From the report of the council, it appeared tl now consists of 159 members, thirteen having |} 1 el 1 the | ‘= anniversary. The donation of specimens had far exceeded that of y | former year, and the society’s foreign herbarium comprised many t f sand plants from various parts of the world. The British herbarium con- . tained many valuable specimens, some of them collected by distinguished botanists. The report was unanimously adopted. A ballot then took place for the council for the ensuing year, when J. E. Gray, Esq., F.R.S 1 802. i j was re-elected president, and the chairman treasure ; clamation states that tl ilants consisted of party of ? 5 Z| 4 |

— 1843.] THE ECONOMIST 247 armed with pistols.” The following notification has been issued by the } I ALSI AtarMs.—The Dublin Mail of this evening publishes a numbcr resident magistrate :— ¥ anonymous letters, with the view of showing that the Protestant popu- “REWARD OF 5001, WITH A rREE PASSAGE rO ANY OF THE COLONIT lation are labouring under the most distressing alarm of an i insurrection If DESIRED. Chose v« ory letters are well calculated to produce alarm, anc i evidentl “Thereby offer the above reward for the conviction, within twelve written by persons who are either utterly regardless of truth, or totally months, of the persons concerned in the late outrage against Mr Waller, of ignorant of the real state of the country. " One of the writers boasts that Finnoe house, and the murder of Miss Vereker, on the evening of the he has fortified his house in Tippe rary ; that he is living “almost in a 12th of November instant, or to any person giving me private information, state of siege ;” and that his fortress is “now so strong, that, with six o by letter or otherwise, which shall enable me to discover the parties con- eight men inside, he could beat off athousand.” Notwithstanding tl cerned in the said attack, or the conspirators therein. I shall pay the sum absurd or interested alarms of such persons, upwards of thirty years’ pu of 1007. for each and « very person so discovered by means of such privat chase was obtained, on Friday last, for land in Ireland! ; ; information—the person or persons giving being entitled to payment on STRIKING OF A Spectra Jury.—Mr Smiley moved, in the case of the conviction of the parties, and the strictest seer sy observed towards them Queen v. Daniel O’Connell and others, that the proper officer should strike ‘ Borrisokane, Nov. 22, 1843.” Tuomas Brereton, R.M & special jury, w hich was not to be acted on until the new jury book was County or Kinxenny Enecrioy.—On Tuesday next the election for made out. "The court granted the application. COUNTY OF TirperARY.—On Saturday last a large party ot men n to the this county, to fill the vacancy ¢ ul by the death of Major Bryan, will . ; : be held. Mr P. Somerset elias will be returned without opposition number of ape of forty, all strangers, assembled on the lands of Bal- ¢ — A rumour has been in circulation in town, for some days past, that linveeny, ne “ The Deyil’s Bit,” the property of Mr John Meagher, ot Mr Emerson Tennant is about to obtain a lucrative appointment in India, Ballybeg, armed w ith spades, and commenced digging up the land, and and that he will, in consequence, resign his seat for Belfast.—Northern shouting for “ Clare. As soon as information of the outrage reached the Whig. police at G irthi garry, Constable Richard Grainger, and two of his part Repeat Assocration.—The weekly meeting of this body was held, as joined by a party of four police from Toomavara, under Constable Teban, usual, in the Conciliation Hall on Monday Mr O’Connell entered the procee ded to the lands, and having asked a man who had been in posses- building at one o’clock, and was received with the most enthusiastic sion, but had given it up in July last, after having been forgiven a heavy applause by a ¢ rowded assembly. The inspector of poli eand gov =n ment arrear of rent, if it was by his directions these men were there? Her eplic { reporter were present On the m ition of the hone urable and le 1 ned not. The police primed and loaded, whereupon the party fled, pursued by eatleman, Patrick Curtis, Esq., of Waterford, was Caile d to the pee the police, who succeeded in apprehending thirteen of their 1 umber j Mr O'Connell (who wore his repeal cap) handed in several subscriptions whom they safely lodged in the gaol of Nenagh.— Nenagh Gi araian. from various country districts. ‘The honourable gentleman read a letter Minirary PRePARATIONS.—The Cl tre Journal, publisi from James Alexander Boyd, Esq., of Dungirven, county Tyrone, a Pres- contains the following: —“ On Friday Major-General I byterian ge ntleman of high standing, and moved his admission by accla- having come to Clare Castle, was waited upon by some of the gistrates mation. “He (Mr O’Connell) felt at once that on every rational Presby- from this town, in consequence of a previous application to have a party of terian mind the glorious declaration of the Catholic hierarchy of Ireland, military stationed here. His lordship rode into town subsequently, and that they would not accept a » provision, would make its due imp1 inspected a store on the Mill road, lately occupied by Mr O'Regan sion. (Hear, hear.) What became, now, of the paltry excuse that w: and we are given to understand approved of it as a proper situation fox made by some persons for not joining the association? That, forsooth, they troops. There is now some negotiation to rent it, and the sum of 70J, per feared Catholic ascendency. Why the hierarchy had declared that they annum has been offered for it, but we have heard that a higher sum is would not have ascendency at all, they had refused the material, for required.” ascendency was good fo elabeas if there be not pounds, shillings, and ArBiITRATION Courts.—The Freeman’s Journal says—“ The system of pence init. (Hear, hear, and a laugh Mr Boyd was admitted by accla- arbitration is in full operation in many portions of the county of Mayo mation. Mr O'Connell read a letter from Youngstown, Canada, remitting Courts are held in many districts weekly, and the people flock to them to 29], 10s.; also a letter from Garone, Dualla, enclosing 24/. 10s. Mir the utter desertion of those where they have been hitherto compelled to O’Connell next read a letter from the Rev. Mr Giles, a Baptist clergyman resort for justice. Mr Dillon Browne, to whom the constitution of those in Leeds, expressive of the delight felt by the Complete Suffrage Socie ty tribunals in Mayo is owing, kas recently presided at very many of their of Leeds at the manner in which the Catholic hierarchy had re- sittings in Shruel, Kilmaine, Cong, and other places in that county. We jected the state provision. It appeared (said Mr O'Connell) that the have no doubt that the honourable member for Mayo wil ney succeed government intended to pri ysecute the Corn-law League, after they in establishing them throughout the entire county. The respe . es rish had succeeded in convicting the repealers. ( Laughter.) The as- priest of Castlebar, the Rev. R. Gibbons , has consented to act as arbitrator sociation rejoiced that the complete suffrage society should jo! n them at in that town, and Mr P. Lynch, of Moyne hill, has also agreed to 1 ander- a moment like the present. He had now to address the anne ation on take the office in his district.” matters that related to the present state of the repeal question. (Cheers.) He was asked, did he feel any species of ditfidence as to the ah ar suc- cess of that measure? He had been asked whether the prosecution had SCOTLAND. not impeded its course, and might not check its career completely? His Proressor oF Mustc at Epinsurcnu.—The musical chair is agair answer at once was, those prosecutions had assisted the cause, and made vacant. Sir Henry Bishop, who is now in London, has written to the its ultimate success mare secure and more safe—more conciliatory, and, at Senatus, stating that his health will not permit him to come down and de- the same time, more complete. (Loud-cheering.) That was his thorough liver lectures, and that in consequence he resigns the chair.— Scoisman conviction. Look at the emia tranquillity of the people of Ireland Ports IN Se OTLAND.—We are glad to understand that the Lord is of t (Hear, hear.) He always said that they were determined to obtain the Treasury have raised the port of Glasgow to the rank of a first-class px - repeal by peaceable means. He was told that, if they were interrupted in In 1820, the revenue derived from imports at Glasgow r their career—if the monster meetings, as they were called, were interrupted, 11,0007, while last year it amounted to no less than 504,000/. the peace would « vo be violated. They were interrupted in the way amount of its imports, Giasgow is stil ll inferior to Leith . the re venue o most dangerous to the pea they were interrupted by having a short latter for the last year being 600,0002. Leith, how eve r, is an old Pp rt, ao notice *n them—they were int ipted in the mode most likely to s revenue has been nearly stati onary for several years ; create tumult, and perhaps even civil war. (Hear, hear.) But what was umount of taeporte, as may be seen above, is increa the result ? Perfect trenquilll ty prevailed; there was not a ripple on the , which promises in a very few years to leave Leith immensely} surface of the political ocean, and he was confident that tranquillity would The exports, too, from Glasgow are already much larg } still continue. (Cheers.) He would plead guilty to the indictment, if he other port in Scotland. The declared value of goods export found in Ireland one single effort to disturb the public peace. (Hear, gow in the quarter ending 10th October last was 563,69 hear.) What cared he for the result of the prosecution He could not be increasing revenue, extent, variety, and importance of deprived of the facts in favour of repeal, and he looked forward to the import ti ide, with the vast at il f business done in it continuance of that tranquillity, whatever might be the result of the trial hou ustly entitle Glasgow to rank ith London, Liver} (Hear, hear.) He was sure of the repeal, if the tranquillity assisted him on large ports of th nited Kingdom.— Glasgow Citizen the trials and after them, as it did nov Why, they mig pl them, SarpwRecCK OF BritrsH Vessers.—The Lord Provo f Glasgow ha but would they prevent them from writin: Hear, hear, hear Wo ild called a mee ting of the citizens, for the purpose of considering the pro- they prevent the people from looking forward to the day when tl = od priety of memorializing her Majesty’s Government in reference to the of the traversers’ sentence would expire? Oh! they might postpone the resolutions adopted by the Select Committee ap pointe 1 to inquire into the repeal cause for a season, but if the tranquillity continued, the i of the Shipwreck of British Vessels. The importance of this su et is on all revival of the repeal cry would as surely occur as the rising of to-) hands admitted to be very great. The evidence taken before the above com- row’s sun, and it would come the better, because the men of fortune and mittee brought to light a mass of facts connected with shipwrecks, which timid men who were now afraid that the peop a would engender sr urb- the community, generally, were previonsly but little aware of; and the ance, would find that their fears were ill- founder (Hear, hear.) He found necessity of new regulations for the conduct of British vessels was in the Jimes an attack upon the repealers, olin that they were guilty of rikingly exhibited.— Glasgow Chronicle the charge mentioned in ‘the indictment—how atrocious thi swas. Would Fa uULTY of ApvocatEs.—The faculty met in their library on Satur the Times, ruffian as it was, speak of the English people in this way? day last, at twelve o’clock, for the purpose of electing a dean, in room of ( Hear.) It vilified the ¢ tholie clergy in every manner, and yet it pr the now Lord Robertson. Mr Sheriff L’ Amy proposed Duncan M‘N posed to give them one million a year (Hear, hear, and laughter ) Esq., the present Lord Advocate, which nomination was seconded How dare the ruffianly Times prejudge the case against the Graham Bell, Esq.; and no other candidate being proposed, the Lord traverser: (Hear, hear, hear.) The Emperor of Russia was look Advocate was declared duly elected. ing upon England, and with advantage. The British ministry were d Forrar.—It is our painful duty to notice the failure, on Thursday week, ing with their instrument the TJimes, that poured forth the most hideou of one of our most extensive manufacturers, in consequence of which hun- calumnies against the people of lreland—prejudging the accused and slan dreds of our townsmen have bee n thrown out of work, with prospect dering their clergy. (Hear.) In gaol or out of gaol his heart, his soul, ot naan other than partial employment for some time. Theo hex his pen, if not his voice, would imongst them. (Cheers.) He had manufacturers in town deserve great praise for the exertions they have spoken much for Ireland, and he was able to be am rtyr Cheers.) He 1ade to meet the present emergency; but it is impo le tl r 600 was going to Derrynane for a few weeks; but he would be up for the trial, eavers can be employed until preparations are made to em and he pledged himself to the people of Lreland, whom he had never require them. The bankrupt’s debts, it is said, amount to deserted, that come what would there would be no compromise Cheers. ) * 27 ,000/.— Montrose Review. He wished to state that he was highly honoured by being : nvited to preside } A -— at the banquet to be given to Mr Smith O’Brien on Mi nday next, and he never performed a public duty with greater pleasure than he would do in ProyecteD INCREASE OF THE Mornirxo Matzs.—I understood that presiding at that banquet. (Hear, hear. He considered Smith O’Brien the Postmaster-General has determined to increase the number of morning one of the greatest acquisitions the repeal cause could have. One who mails as far as is practic able Arrangements, we are informed, are nearly was, in his opinion, in the very highest grade of Iris h patriotism heers. ) — eted for despat« hing a bag every morning from the General Post- Rail- The repeal rent for the week was announced to be 636/, Os. 8d Che office, in St Martin’s-le-Grand, to Ipswich , by the Eastern Counties meeting then adjourned, way, and it is rumoured that other measures are on the tapis, for further LanDLORD AnD Tenant Cowmisston.—The commissioners are to hold increasinys r the efficiency of the morning despatch. Fifteen sub-sorters their sittings in Dublin Castle; the clerks employed in the details of the have just | een appointed by his lordship, at the suggestion of Mr Boken- oe are to be provided with office in the Four Court There will be ham, superint ending preside nt of the inland office, for the purpose of a sharp contest for the office of secretary to the commissioners, Several facilitating the delivery of general-post letters in London. The additional Tory competitors are already in the field. The public will watch the cost to the establishment by the adoption of this plan will be 1,014/. per appointment of this officer with much attention, ee annum THE ECONO MIST.

by underselling the slave trader. The attempt to accomplish that object “AGRICUL TURAL VARIETIES. by mere strength of human hands, that is by an immediate and copious stream of immigration, would say oheaa fail if it should ever be ¢ attempted. ExTrAoRDINARY Propuce.—On three and a quarter acres of land, on Cheapness must be obtained by lessening the cost of production by means ss, near Manchester, and only reclaimed three years ago, there has of improved processes of cultivation, and that principle must be adopted z up, this season, 595 loads of potatoes, of 252 lbs. each, and equal by our agriculturists both at home and abroad, as the case may be, to ns, and worth fully 54s. per ton. The land is under the superin- enable them to meet foreign competitors in our own markets. If the tend e of the guardians of the Manchester union. island of omg were crammed full of African blacks, the colony would Graryx.—During the week, ending Saturday, there were received in our not reap lasting benefit from that state of things. On the contrary, it 1arket 15,300 loads of oatmeal. From Canada there were reported would stop the planters in the course of improvement which they have juarters of wheat, 4,768 barrels of flour, and 171 barrels of peas. Some begun, and enable the obstinate heads of the old school, who are now said iré d of barrels of United States flour have been sold, in bond, at 22s. to be yielding to the strength of the current of improvement, again to d. per barrel. At the same pe riod last year the price of the last- raise their voice, and to return to their vicious and unprofitable modes of 1amed article was 26s, 6d. to 27s. 6d. per barrel. — Liverpool Mercury. management. We neither wish to c oax nor to coerce the West Indian AUSTRALIAN WueEat.—Some ‘fine specimens of Australian wheat have interests. Our desire is to convince them that it is for their own interests recently arrived in this country. They consist of white wheat, equal, if to facilitate an early settlement of the sugar question, by making timely not superior, to the finest ‘nglish. ‘The lot, of which we have seen a concession, and not resisting public opinion until a compromise becomes sample, ¢ 35s. a quarter at Hobart Town, where it was shipped; the impracticable. By yielding at present there isan op portunity afforded them yht and expenses amounted to from 10s. to 12s. a quarter, and the duty of proposing an arrangement, by which the increase of revenue which the o 5s., so that it cost the importers from 50s. to 52s. a quarter in England. mother country would derive from the admission of foreign sugars might As it is worth from 58s. to 60s. per quarter in London or L iverpool, it will be partly appropriated to the civilization of Africa, and to their advan- ave a fair profit. This is, however, chiefly owing to the very low rates tage, by affording them a supply of free labour, to be obtained from the of freight and the abundance of grain in the Hobart Town market. colonies, coincident with the granting of a great boon to the people of I'o render it possible for our colonists in Australia to send their wheat at England, and with the dawn of settled prosperity of the sugar colonies,— the usual rates of freight and prices of grain, the produce of those distant es ought to be placed on the same footing as that of the ae ( hronic le. wn ¢ und flour were admitted at a nominal duty of . per qi ur 1 h are even allowed by the bill of the last session - send flour made from American grain to this country, at duties amounting alto- COU RTS ; OF et 2 rether to not more than 4s. a - arter—that is, to a shilling a quarter less COURT OF EXCHEQUER. than the duties on the bona fide produce of Australia. This is so evidently Toe C USTOM- HousE Fraups.—TuHe ATTORNEY-GENERAL v BLAKE.— unfair that it ought to be brought before the Government by those in- The Attorney-General, Mr Jervis, and Mr J. Wilde were counsel for the terested in the Australian trade, to whom it may often be of consequence, Crown in this case, which was an information for penalties under the eit is shipowners or merchants, to bring a cargo, or part of a< argo, of Customs’ Act.—Mr Thesiger and Mr Humfrey were 1in from Australia and Van Diemen’s Land, but who will seldom be able counsel for the de- fendant.—The information contained several counts, in which the defen- lo it without loss, if they have to pay a five-shilling duty tot he Govern- dant was respectively charged with illegally unshipping certain large ment, in addition to the expenses of a voyage round half the globe, and que untities of goods on whit h- the duties had neither been paid nor secured, ie 1 f having their grain injured by heating, by weevils, and othe1 with harbouring the same, and with being concerned in removing them causes of depreciation to which grain is subject in long voyages.—Liver- from the Queen’s warehouse before the duties had been paid.—The At- i ( 7 es. torney-General, in opening the case to the jury, said that the prisoner had LS been, up to a recent period, a landing waiter at the Custom house, and had THE AMERICAN AND CANADIAN CORN AND PROVISION borne a character for extreme fidelity and regularity up to the time when TRADES it was discovered that a most exte nsive system of fraud had been carried VW Ist the im} ortation of stock from abroad has almost entire ly on in that de partment of the revenue. U pon this discovery being made, earching was cea no do ibt owing to its not having been found profitable , an active the most strict and investigation entered into by the trade in salt provisions and flour is springing up under the operation of authorities, and this proceeding was the result. The defendant was now beral clauses of the new tariff, and of the Canadian Corn Bill charged with being concerned in the illegal unshipment of goods on which the proper duties had not been paid, and in June, 1840, five cases During the last three months, there have been large arrivals of salt beef of silks had been fraudulently unshipped from the City of Boulogne l pork of good quality from America, and a quantity of American hams steamer, aud imported under circumstances which could only lead to ed in this p ort on Saturday last, inthe Gulnare. ‘This, as Mr Webster the conclusion that the defendant was guilty of the charge now pre- ted, is quite a new trade, as are also the shipments of lard and cheese ferred against him. There could be no doubt that a gross fraud had been cari ied to so great an extent during the present season. been pe rpetrated, and the only question for the jury would be, also wh at may be considered a new tra‘ le in American grain whether the defendant was or was not concerned in it? Mr Baron ing up, partly owing to the repeal of that clause of the Custom’s Gurney summed up. After citing the acts of parliament under which Act, by Brit tish ships were formerly compelled to be vigaaiiad wink this information had been filed, the learned Judge observed that British provisions. So far as our commercial marine is concerned, both the frauds on the revenue might be committed in various ways, some- col 1 provision laws are entirely repealed, and English shipowners are times by eluding the vigilance of the officers, and sometimes by the allowed to lay in their supplies wherever they can get them che apest. assistance of the officers of Customs themselves. “Who shall guard the Fl 1 great advantage to them, and has put an end to the practice of guards?” was an old question which the _ rience of mankind had sug- English vessels to Hamburg and Bremen to victual, as they can ted in all ag It was imputed to the defendant, that he being an vy do it quite as cheaply at home. Partly in consequence of this open- Customs, and havi a trust reposed in him, had violated that ¢ for foreign “ bread stuffs,” and partly from a belief that the prices of i , and assisted in the actual perpetration of fraud. It was extremely t ticle | rise in the spring, considerable quantities are arriving important that such office “* if guilty, should be brought to justice in some every k from America, and are selling at very fair prices, although the \ or other, because if y did so assist in the perpetration of the act, ras the cae, was concerned, would become a dead letter ; duty on Ame! 1eat and flour is at present quite prohibitory. If the 1 hich some persons form, that the quantity of bread and biscuit while on traders their conduct must be grievously oppressive, inas- 1 in the com nmereial marine of the country is equal to from 100,000 much as they would have to go into market encountering the competition 20) 0 quarter at all correct, the supplying of this demand of others, who, having evaded the payment of duties, must be enabled to 2 rise to a lerable foreign corn trade, and will also increase undersell them. After consulting together for a few minutes in the box, ] I of for n the home m arket. Since the alteration of the law, ie jury found a verdict for the Crown, estimating the value of the goods i declined in price upwards of 6s. a cwt., and salt provisions at 1,6501.—'The effect of this verdict is to impose a penalty upon the de fendant of 4,360/. i l out 30s. a tierce. rh portation flour from Canada, under the new act, coutinues ; eae eee rere ereenreceee t it is now believed that there will be less flour this season, and more ACCIDEN TS AND ND OC 2C URRENCES heat, than was exper ted some time since, the summer of the present year having been unfavourable for milling in Canada, owing to the dry weather, 1 tly uced the water power of the colony. Another circum- ALLEGED PotsonrnGc in LAMBETH CW OR KHOUSE. —On Wednesday, a long inquiry took place bef re Mr Carte in the board room of , ! h will have a tendency to diminish the importation s from rs the coroner, Canada this autumn, is the late period at which the act came into opera- Lambeth workhouse, as to the death of Thomas Samuel Ford, aged twelve i 10th October), which threw the shipment into the season of fogs months, who is i sed to have been poisoned with opium by a nurse of when the rate of insurance on vessels, from the St Law- ‘ board of guardians, of the name of Gates. The cause of the investiga- rence, rises to the enormous amount of from five to seven guineas per cent. tion has been ai liscovery of a phial of opium in the possession of the serefore, be until about the months of July, August, and Sep- n irse, a portion of which, it is said, she administered to the child. The te r, in next year, when navigation is good and insurance moderate, mother of the infant isin the Fever Hospital. Mr Duke, the parish surgeon, the effect of this measure will be fully ascertained. If prices in this stated that he saw the deceased on Sun lay, and it was then better than ‘ y should then be as high as there is every reason to expect, the im- he had seen it for some time. It was in the infirmary, and had just been portations from Canada (where harvest was excellent this year) can wea On Monday morning he went into the ward again and heard an reely fail to be large. extraordinary s1 oY ing like that of a drunken man; as he could not see whence it proceeded, he asked We have just seen very well-informed Canadian gentleman, who ar- if any one was dying As it continued, he ived from that colony, via New York, on Monday, inthe Cohota; and he in- went to the bed, where he found the child lyi ing, and discovered it was in rms us, that not only has the harvest been excellent in Canada generally a dying state. It was not dressed, and some one in the ward said it had year, but that it has been very good in Canada East, where, for the been so sleepy she could not cleanse it, and she had placed it on the bed. preceding years, the wheat has been almost cr destroyed by the She added that it had eaten a very hearty breakfast, and had been pretty re ie fil The belief in the colony is, that the imports of grain well in the morning. The eyes were open, and the snoring was like that | flour into England next year will be very large.— Liverpool Times. of a man instead of a child; it was in a state of perfect stupor. Remedies were instantly adopted, and as he thought it could live but afew minutes, he directed what was to be done It, however, lingered till one. The INCREASE OF POPULATION AND DECREASE IN contents of the stomach he had delivered to Professor Taylor, in order that CONSUMPTION. he might analyse them. After some consultation, the jury, considering Che quantity of sugar entered for home consumption, in 1840, was much they ought to have the most skilful evidence, the inquest was adjourned, about what it was in 1811, although the population had increased, since then, in order to have the attendance of Mr T: aylor. 8,000,000; while the consumption of tea was 11,500,000 Ibs. more than it Curio Steavrsc.—On Thursday a servant of Mr Hellens, of Wolverly asin 1811, and in coffee the increase had been as much in round num- street, Glouceste r street, Hackney road, was s ent with an infant child of bers as 75,000 Ibs. The demand for sugar is so great that under the her master’s, age ‘d four mouths, to Whitechapel, and as she was returning pre t | ced protective system it is estimated that 400,000 ewts. of she was accosted by a fashionably-dressed female, about twenty-four years vario ympoun ids are used annually for its adulters ution. Mr M‘Gregor of age, who asked her to go toa neighbouring shop for some trifling artic le, ia ure 1 late a before the universary mecting of the offering to hold the infant during the nurse’s absence. ‘The nurse, little ( ow Em: vation Socie , that if the peopl of England consumed suspecting that a trick was intended, handed the infant to the lady, and per head as the population of New South Wales, that the went on her message. Upon her return, neither the lady nor infant was 1 would be 900,000 tons. The same able authority also to be found, and, although every effort has been made, no clue has as vet observed that the y course by which we could stop the slave trade, was been had to either one or the other , THE ECO 249 ——— eS MONTHLY MEETING OF THE NATIONAL | deeply, as all our friends must, who have had an opportunity of hearing ANTI-CORN-LAW LEAGUE. | Mr Bouverie, the vacancy in the ranks of the free traders in the House | of Commons occasioned, for a shorter or longer time, by the result of | The League held its usual monthly meeting yesterday evening, at this election. But the monopolists crow somewhat too loudly about the Covent Garden Theatre. As early as five o’clock crowds of people victory which they lay claim to have achieved in Salisbury. ( Hear, thronged every entrance, and very shortly after the opening of the doors hear, ) Passing altogether over the means by which their present the vast building was crowded in every part, and a sufficient number of | triumph has been effected (groans), and allowing them to make the most persous came too late for admission to have filled an arena half as large | of their victory, it amounts simply to this—that tney have managed to again. ‘There is as little appearance of re-action here in London, as | replace one Tory and anti-free trader by another, in a city which, bad there is in Manchester and the other great manufacturing towns, | they been allowed to choose, they would have selected as the very spot The stage was also crowded to within a few feet of the front. Among in England wherein to contend against a League candidate—a city the the more distinguished personages there present, we observed George most removed from manuf.cturing interests, feelings, and incuence, the Wilson, Esq., chairman; Honourable Charles Pelham Villiers, M.P. ; most independent of trade, the most apt, from the influences under which Richard Cobden, Esq, M.P.; John Bright, Esq., M.P.; W. Ewart, it has been hitherto compelled to act, to return such a candidate as Mr Esq., M.P.; Thomas Milner Gibson, Esq., M.P.; William Collins, Campbell. (Hear, hear.) Yet, with all this, and although the mono- Esq., Richmond ; J. Poulter, Esq. ; — Dewar, Esq. ; — Adkins, Esq. ; polists sent down professed bribers and hired prizefighters at once to J. Grieve, Esq.; Joseph Ivimy, Esq.; James Parker, Esq.; W. T. corrupt and intimidates (shame, shame), yet Mr Bouverie polled on Hall, Esq.; John Watson, Esq. ; R. B. Lopez, Esq.; R. R. R. Moore, this occasion a much larger number than he did a few months ago. Esq.; C. Spiers, Esq. ; R. Alger, Esq.; H. Smith, Esq.; G. H. (Cheers.) But the monopolists knew well enough, with all their crow- Oelricks, Esq. ; J. S. Stock, Esq.; A. K. Watson, Esq. ; S. Harrison, ing, that they have not for one day delayed the final setticment of this Esq.; A. T. Squary, Esq.; E. Osman, Esq.; Alfred Price, Esq.; Dr | question by the accidental victory of this election of theirs, (Cheers. ) Simpson ; William Geesin, Esq.; Dr Hodgson; Professor Key ; Joseph The inte!ligent electors of Salisbury know full well that as soon as the Phelps, Esq.; William Clark, Esq., Coventry; F. Scheer, Esq.; J. voice of the country has once declared i's will that the corn laws shall Lambert, Esq., Salisbury; Alfred Pattison, Esq.; P. H. Le Breton, exist no Jonger—and that voice is bursting forth—the next general elec- Esq. ; James Wilson, E-q.; W. J. Fox, Esq ; W. A. Wilkinson, Esq. ; tion will send two members from the city of Salisbury to support Mr Dr Cooke Taylor; William Gordon Thompson, Esq., Sunbury; Martin Villiers in giving the final blow to the greatest and most mischievous Thackeray, Esq. ; Captain Digby Carpenter, Sunbury; Julius Bordier, monopoly that was ever permitted to exist. (Loud cheers.) You wa’ Esq. ; George Ridout, Esqg.; Dr Holland; John Hunter, Esq. ; John be addressed this evening by Mr Cobden, Mr Bright, Colonel T! empson, Gardenrr, Esq. ; Charles Manby Browne, Esq.; Thomas Bickers, Esq. ; and by the chairman of Mr Bouverie’s committee. (Cheers.) I will, G. W. Edwards, Esq ; Francis Jackson Kent, E-q.; Henry Lloyd however, request you to hear the secretary read the minutes of the last Morgan, Esq. ; Stephen Leach, Esq.; Luke Embertoo, Exq ; — Mar- meeting, which will then be submitted for your consideration. shall, Esq. ; Francis Place, Esq. ; J. Pattison, Ksq,, ; W. Fawcett, Esq., | Mr Saul having accordingly read the minutes of the last meeting, the Salisbury; W. Crowley, Esq. ; — Heron, Esq.; J. Spier, Esq.; W. | confirmation of which was moved by the Ilon. Charles P. Villiers, M. P., Edwards, Esq. and seconded by W. A. Wilkinson, Esq., and adopted unanimously, George Wilson, Esq., the chairman of the League, on presenting him- Mr Cobden then came forward, and was received with enthusiastic self at the table, was received with acclamation. He said—Ladies and and long-continued applause. He said— Mr Chairman, ladies, and gentle- gentlemen, we are assembled to confer on the somewhat varied cha- men—-I am disposed to ask myself, every time I enter this theatre, and racter of the proceedings connected with this movement, which have | witness such meetings as this, how long will the corn law, or any other taken place since we last met together within these walls; as well as, bad law stand ere it gives way before such demonstrations? (Cheers. I trust, to have our minds invigorated and refreshed by the evidence I feel that your attendance here in such numbers, and so often, is s) which will be presented of our progress, and the addresses which will | clear a proof that the enormity of the system which we are congregated be delivered by gentlemen well known to you. (Hear, hear.) If there to attack is fully understood and appreciated by you, that I find ita is any one present who feels disposed to be wearied in well doing in this difficult matter to touch on the subject, without harping so much good cause, | would beg to direct his attention to the almost superhuman | on the old string as to run a risk of becoming tiresome to you. (No, no.) exertions recently made by the honourable members for Stockport and It does so happen, however, that from month to month, as we proceed Durham. (Loud cheering.) Let any such person look at the exertions in our agitation, new circumstances arise, new phases in the course of of those two gentlemen during the last month, and profit by their ex- | our proceedings, which call for a word or two of comment, and serve to ample. (Cheers.) Two months ago, the general plan of our proposed season, at least with a show of novelty, that which otherwise would be proceedings, including the amount of the subscriptions which we con- considered a dull, stale topic. We have arrived at a time whenthe, sidered it necessary to call for, in promotion of the great objects of the changes which mark the steps, or rather the strides of our progress, League, during this and the next year, was stated in this place. Since | become rapid, and we reckon the signs of advancement, not by months that time, we have received many handsome individual contributions, but by weeks. (Cheers.) Since I Jast had the pleasure of meeting from some of the first men of the age, yet no definite arrangement, up such an assembly as this, many circumstances have occurred to sho w the to arecent date, had been made for the purpose of collecting subscrip- increased influence which the Aati-Corn-law League has obtaj ned in tions, with that degree of spirit which is essential to our object. About public opinion; not the least important of these was the glorious victory a fortnight ago, however, seventy of the leading firms in Manchester which you, the inhabitants of London, achieved over the monopOlists ia signed a circular, convening a meeting in promotion of the purpose of | their own stronghold (hear, hear)—in that, what shall [ call it, t hat nest the League. That meeting assembled ; it was a crowded one, held in | of Brummagem monopolists of sugar and coffee. (Hear, hear.) I have the middle of the day, in the Town hall of Manchester; there was no- | been charged with harshness in speaking of the aristocracy of the city thing ambiguous about it, no secret, or circumlocution, but men of as ‘‘the aristocracy of the sugar hogshead.” (Hear, hear.) I must business there met together; proceeded to their work in a straightfor- confess that I do feel more tolerationtowards these men than I do towards ward, business-like way, and the result was this—that in the shortest the men of acres, the old landed aristocracy of the country, who, at possible time six men subscribed 500/. each to the Great League Fund ; least, have the excuse of having been brought up in a circle of long- two, 4004. each ; seven, 300). each; fourteen, 200/, each; and upwards estublished prejudices, which the men who have been brought of twenty, 100/. each (immense applause); so that in less than one hour | up in the counting-honse can have no claim to. (Hear, hear,hear). I re- and a half upwards of 11,000/. was raised at that one meeting towards joice most heartily that men of the metropolis have give n tue mono the desired sum. (Renewed and long-continued cheering.) The sub- polists a drubbing to their hearts’ content. (Hear.) You have had the scription is still going on, and by the night before last it had reached the blessings of millions throughout the length and breadth of these islands amount of 17,400/. in Manchester and its neighbourhood alone. (Im. for having so nobly done your duty, (Hear.) The result of that elec- mense cheering.) Now, let me remind you, that for five years past the tion has been to develop a new feature in the character of the opposition. men of Manchester have practically shown a very deep interest in the I observed that immediately after that election the monopolist papers progress of this great question; and, assuredly, if there be any one class raised a cry for the prosecution of the Anti-Corn-law League. (Great of her Majesty’s subjects who might reasonably claim exemption on the laughter.) Now, there was never a word said about such a thing as occasion of this new subscription, from further contributions, the men prosecution until they had tried their strength against us, and found it of Manchester might have done so (hear, hear): but no; having been all too weak; then it was they turned round, and, like a schoolboy, after among the first contributors hitherto, and feeling, perhaps, above all he has been well thrashed for bullying, set to work, whimpering, whining, other classes, the urgent necessity for the repeal of the corn laws, they and blubbering, and called for their big brother to give their conqueror a have now once more pledged themselves, and will again and again, if it thrashing. (Great laughter.) Now, what is the indictment against the be found requisite, never to cease their exertions, never to withhold their Anti-Corn-law League upon which they are to be brought into a criminal contributions, while these odious laws continue to disgrace the statute court? (Hear, hear.) It is that we sent some half-score of men from book. (Great cheering.) Since the Manchester meeting, of which I Lancashire to canvass the electors of London, and of Salisbury, and of have thus spoken, our good friends at Rochdale—the town, let me re- Kendal, in favour of the free-trade candidates. It is discovered, all at mind you, which gave birth to our powerful coadjutor, the honourable once, to be a terrible offence that ‘‘ strangers” should interfere in an member for Durham—(applause)—our good friends at Rochdale have election. We never heard of this being au offence in the eyes of the imitated the noble example of the Manchester people, and have had other party, so long as the interference was confined to members of the their meeting. (Hear, hear.) On Tuesday evening last they held a Carlton Club. (Hear, hear.) We never heard that cry raised when tea party, which was addressed by Mr Cobden, Mr Bright, Colonel peers of the realm, who are legally disqualified from medd ng at all in Thompson, and others, and in two bours and a haif the sum of 1,650/. elections, subscribed their 50,0001. to the Carlton purse, in rder to bribe was subscribed in the room, in ‘addition tot’ e 1,150/. which had pre- the electors of the country against the people. (Hear, hear.) We did viously been added to the League fund by th: peop'e of Rochdale; and not hear that cry when men of notorious reputation were taken down to this, remember, was done by a “population of not more than 25,000. Salisbury to do the work of bribery there, or even when three notorious (Loud cheers.) Within the last three weeks, two elections have taken pugilists were sent there to assist in carrying off the electors of Salisbury. place, as you all know. At Kendal they have returned to Parliament a (Hear, hear.) All these things were no infringement of the law—xo free trader, Mr Warburton (applause), by a majority of 64 0n a gross | interference of strangers—no subject for indictments; but when the poll of 300. (Hear, hear). They have effectually put down all future | members of the Anti-corn-law League canvass electors, not to bribe but attempts of the monopolists for the Kendal seat; and, at the next | to persuade them, and when the monopolist party begin to be afraid that general election, we may fairly take it for granted that the men of Kendal, our sterling arguments are of a more influential quality than their ster- besides returning a free trader of their own, will be able to lend us their ling gold (hear, hear), then the thunders of the law are invoked upon aid towards extinguishing monopoly in other places, (Hear, hear.) our heads. (Hear, hear.) I had opportunities at Salisbury of seeing We have had another election at Salisbury, with a somewhat different something of the way in which elections are conducted ia a cathedral city result. (Groans.) Upon a gross poll of about 600, Mr Bouverie, the of the south, and it being my first experience in that way, I was, | confess, free-trade candidate, hus been defeated by a majority of 47. 1 regret a little struck, nay startled, at what I saw there. (Hear, hear, hear.) THE ECONOMI' [December 2,

We popu arly call an election an opportunity given for the ¢ xpression of our statute book to the moon, without a word of comment, the inhabi-

I 1ViIC Of inion by electors; but I found that at Salisbury the monopolists tants of the moon, lunatic as they are said to be, would send it back with consider n election rather as an opportunity f or exercising the suppres the answer, t hat beyond a doubt the laws were passed by landlords. sion of pubiic opinion. ( Hear, } ear, ) I have no hesitation in stating (“ Hear, hear,” and laughter. ) The idea of landlords having burdened and I should be borne « ut by the most experienced men in Sal sbury, themselves exclus vely, excessively ' We sometimes read tales of persons that had theelection there been really an opportunity to the electors for having undertaken to whip themselves; but it is admitted, even in expressing their real sentiments, we should have carried that election by t fiction, that they laid on very lightly. (Hear, hear.) Compare our three to two at the ve yjeast. ( Hear, hear. ) In looking over the lists indlords with the landlords of any other country, you will find that in of voters there, 1 found that the question with experienced canvassers those countrie the landlords pay one-half, or at any rate, one-third of was, not what was the opinion of the electors, but who were their cus the tate taxes th mselves ; wherea is, inthis country, not more than one tomers, who their landlords, who their bankers: what country squire or twenty fifth of the taxation is paid directly by the land. Hear, bear. ) jarmer, wt y clerica pastor and master had lat ly bee nt » put the In no country 1s here so large a proportion of impost paid by labour and screw 1 n unfortunate voter ( He ir, hear.) This wa just tl productive capital, as there is in tl country (Hear, hear.) Buta tate of things in the cathedral city of Salisbury. I do not come here to ew light ‘sprung up; we are told that this is a tax for the purposes enter into the ques ion as to what remedy there is for this sort of mis- of revenu This was never thought of before. (Hear, hear.) In the ( f. itis not fort Anti-Corn law League here to dwell upon what darkest and most despotic- ages, they never thought of imposing a remedies there may be for exclusive dealing and intimidation in parti- tax on food; they taxed all sorts of things else, but never the poor man’s C Ga \ KHDOW here may be found a remedy 2 and after we oaf. (¢ ers And, in the present da in ike manner, go to the most ha made } ¢, aS it is our firm intention to do, what we | ive « iriy despotic countries, to Turkey, to Barbary, and you will find that the most ascertained and witnessed in h places, there can be no doubt that the tvrannic rd heartless despot never thinks of laying a tax on bread. respeciive ¢ ors will set about a remedy for the preservation of them- Hear. hear.) On the contrary, they store up corn, in ordér, in time of elves-and of the cou ry. ( Hear, hear, hear.) But there is on pecies scarcity, to give it forth to tl e poor at the lowest possible price (hear, of 1 fluc which we are pledged to put down—and that is, tl year) 7 n t yr rved for our beaut fully arranged constitution in [ I ol vribers n ruy I f whatever form, (Cheers.) It h ( h and State, to place a heavy burden on the poor man’s food been said that the League ought to have prosecuted some one in London, (Hear. hear. hear.) Now, it is stated that this is a revenue tax. Let i e in Salisbury; and we have received letters from many friends me propose this test to the gentlemen who put such a statement for Ww have written to say they wou!d willingly subscribe 50/ or 1007. more ward ; Will they lay this tax for the purpose of revenue, not upon corn ) their former contributions, for the first conviction we car when imported, but upon flour when it is ground at the mill, whether it make bribery (hear, hear); and others go so far as to say that the foreien flour or home-grown flour? (Hear.) This is not my tax, League is not in earnest, | ise we have brought forward no such pro- ind never w be; but I put it forward by way of testing the honest tly, that the mode we have adopted, the purpose of the corn-law man to rais¢ s tax merely for the increase of ta f he putting down of bribery, he are calculated to revenu Will he consent to have the tax, not by way of a duty ve t st « fice to the persons for whose support we are most on the importation of corn, but by way of excise on all flour when . With respect to prosecutions, nothing is more difficult than to eround at the m Chis will not injure any more the labourers whom se for a court of law, however clear and well known the { | sso anxious about, and it will bring five times the amount of revenue nay poy y, and this difficulty arises from the obvious circum- to her Majesty. (Hear, hear, he But no; this test will not be that t I ar ribees take care not to have any witne es to dopted by our opponents. Let us next ask—how will a fixed duty on their nefa oceedings, if they can help it, in any way, and cor corn benefit t merchant Mer nts who bring corn from abroad I t natter of creat difficulty to obtain such ev len eas ayury have heavy irriage to pay for it; andif they have a heavy duty to pay \ ( t (H hear.) But our reward of 100/. is offered at ddition. t \ nec vy limit the range of territory from which London, and at Salisbu nd we do not despair of detecting the mal- thev can fetch the article (hear); and the mor you narrow the market | ( es of tft mnopolrst (He ir, hear. But we can find « ises to wl vou the more you narrow the market where you sell. é cou tee of the H e of Commons with, when we cat (Hear ( hear. ) It ean ver be the interest of the merchants to lca for a court of law; and I do not despair of seeing Salisbury have a fixed ty but if they choose to sacrifice their own interests, t t r Da n yet Cheers Depend upon it we sl} iuse ft prefer toady r the aristocracy, then we do not come here i every off der that we can detect to the utmost extent of the to help t n in so imbecile and mischievous a purpose. (Cheers. ) ( Hear, t ) Such is the y tion in which the League r Tl ome tl ricultural labour nd I ask whether they are ina It have had evider tely that the Leagu nov tion to pa tax on 1d? (hear, hear Our opponents have ed upon as very important body; I believe it is called “a rreat a lefended these Jaws, on the ground that they are for the f H ir.) Now, I tell you plainlv, that I think our en of t ag srist Ilha told them, over and over again, in end, as far as the sliding-scale goes; I think it may safely b the House of Comme the landowner is not an agriculturist, any , that the sliding-scale has not a lee to stand upon in London no ! mare then ipowncr is asailor. (Hear.) It is the farm labourer t country (Hear, hear ) The sliding-scale is doomed—it is not who is the acri Vturi t: and, | ask, what benefit he has ever derived \ th another word of argument—to talk about it any nger were mere from the S (Hear, hear.) When I was at Salisbury the other ‘ of valu tim (Hear.) But there is another question which day, Iw ited | 1 gentleman from Dorsetshire He was describing is not qu sposed of, though I think we shall be able to dispose of it, to me the ndition e peasant 1 that purely agricultural county, ‘ that is the fixed duty question. (Hear, hear.) The sliding-scal ind he told me that within fifteen m of his own residence he would has beet her a tovgh business to get rid of; for five years we have take at anv moment to find 150 able-bodied labourers, heads of been | i at it, and now we are to havea fixed duty, it seems, instead families. who uld be glad to work for him at five shillings a week. of it General cries of “ No, no, neither the one nor the other.” Wi Hear, h ) [T met another gentleman fiom Dorsetshire, who said he told that the fixed ity is ed by the great merchants; yes, but had been lately oken to by a man who was imprisoned last winter, for we te t same time, and I thank our opponents fo: the adn poar He asked this man (who had been long out of employment ) that w ive no great m hants among the League sut we, not what he meant to do this winter; and he said he should go out and get be it »f great merchants, have something better in view than ne har ‘ But,” said my informant, *‘if you do, you'll be sent to 1 yt ymmodation of the great merchants. Wedo not mé to prison ” «¢ Well; what if I do returned the man, ‘‘ when I t 10s. or 5s. to decide which may best suit the views of the great came out of , I weighed myself, and I was nine pounds heavier than iI t i's but to ask one another and t , isk the ne ple, whether I when I went Ilear, hear, and laughter). This is no laughing tax at n the it necessary of life, the prime food of man just, or ir) This gentleman n told me a great deal about the be er Chee ) That question, indeed, has been answer tion of ¢ people in ind around Dorchester—a borough repre ty oe the peo hear, hear); and now, if any body | ted. vou know y Sir James Graham (groans); and he mentioned ‘ 1 Ww ther ould not be a fixed duty, ask them in retu “ that he had sent le ordinary y, t e what the peasantry had t ! i te em that is the question which is to b ’ ‘ dinners, and he found tl out of ten families which wert i (Hear.) It he powerful London organ, and I tell all th ‘ted. seven were making a meal of small potatoes, which they had ‘ ) ! sts W us, that it will not now, any m¢ ned af digging potato-fields for their employers; so that seven hit to d ex cathedré ; it will not do at t fan ‘s out of ten were dining off their respective allowance of small us as n who have other objects in view than those we profess ; it will toes. no bigger than a walout hout bread or meat, or anything n e to vilify us personally, to seck to asperse our Shame, shame.) ‘This is the way in which the benevolent land- characters, and motives, and conduct: we have gone through a'l that ords take care of “ the bold peasantry, the r country’s pride !’ ( Hear, t of th a e not vang 1ished or d smayed (Cheers. ) We had Now Dorset is repre ited by Lord Ashlev, a nobleman who { I hing t counter fi years ago, and we did encounte ha voted much of | time to the manufacturing population. I feel ‘lhe 1 who disputed with us about the sliding-scale, thought to ever sposit to rely upon the noble lord’s benevolence of heart, and discomfit us by « names and attributing nefarious motives, but we must say that if, in the first par t of the ti hem then, as we tell them now, that suc h are not the arguments by ion of Parliament, he ( does not bri ng before t he house the v h n laws, whether sliding-scale or fixed duty, are to be sup peasantry of Dorsets hire, he will have done injustice to ted Hear, hear, hear.) What are the grounds for having a fixed his constituents in going to Stockport or Manchester in search of duty on corn Is it for the benefit of the people who eat the corn? | objects of commiserating aid, when there is so much misery and desti- (* No, no.”) Is it for the benefit of the merchants who pay the duty tution in his own county (Hear, hear.) This condition of the pea- Who then d thenefit ? t farmer The farmer knows perfectly w intry is a matter of no slight import. (Hear, hear.) Let us look that wil have to pay a rent precisely in proportion to the additional | the outward and visible signs now glaring throughout the p! ‘ he corn? Hear, hear Is it for the benefit of the farm | c the desperation, degradation, and demoralization of the labou As { ! Thompson always says, when you talk to him } : for there is much terrible meaning in them. (Hear, hear.) about the farm lab r being benefitted by the law, “ Look at his | iv, at the incendiary fires lighting up the rural districts. ‘ : Hear, hear, and laughter.) ‘Then for whose benefit is it? | papers are shy of noticing them; the various insurance offices, k t indlord ex ively (hear, hear); and what right, I ask is he | for) ons of their own, seek by every means to smother the knowledge to it (Hear, hear What right has he to tax the poor man’s foo of them; but the fact of their existence to a fearful extent is unde- oO i¢ ground of ex SiN urdens? That is the very thing which I niable, and the attempt to conceal the fact is well-nigh as culpable as u } to prove d I have offered him many opportunities, in th the conduct of him who, the first to discover an irruption of Mount ] f { ns, for doing so, but he has always run away. (Hear, Vesuvius, does not hasten, at his utmost speed, to warn the thousands rh landlords’ exclusive burdens Why everybod) knows that who are thus threatened W th destruction. (Hear, hear.) The evil is he s have long had the exclusive politic power in Parliament, in existence. It must be known, that a remedy may be applied—that and that they have used it for their special benefit. (Hear.) An old the deep-seated disease, the source of all the misery, of all the angry quaker friend of mine once said to me, that if we could send a copy of passions, may t be cured, I saw, in the Globe of Saturday, accounts of 1843.] THE ECONOMIST. 251 “ai Un nEnnnInRRGGNEGURaeeeeaneneneeae A eT —— inn

no fewer than ten incendiary fires, fol owing each other, in one column | ings for one week amount to 411 9s. 9d., or 4ls. 53d. per family, or ] have s¢ counts elsewhere of other fires attended with circum-~ | 14s. 92d. per head; after having deducted house-rent, water-rent, and atances exhibiting, in a frightful degree, the demoniacal passions hieh all rates and taxes long injury, which deep distress, bave aroused in the peasantry of this ‘“ Hurst Mills. “ Joun Waitraxer and Sons,” country. (Hear, hear.) Icannot better show you how great is the He also gives the case of a family who were brought to his establishment yw terrible the consequences, than by reading to you one of the from the evil, i county of Suffolk in 1835, because the man could get no work yuts to which I allude. acco In the Bedford Mercury | find the followine in Suffo Ky ind the family were on the parish. You have heard a good appa ling statement:—“ It has not been our lot to record such a de- deal of kidnapping men and women too, and carrying them off to the structive fire amongst agricultural produce in this country as took place manufacturing districts—this is one of the cases: ‘ James Clouting, y at Stotfold, by which the following property, belonging to ised 69 years, formerly of Theburton, near Saxmundham, Suffolk, fol. M: Brvant Gibbens, has been entirely destroyed lhe whole o th vs no employ , being too old to work; Sarah Clouting, his wife, farm buildings, excepting the house, were consumed, together with seven ied 62 years, loyea in household duties, The above has five ricks of beans, thre ricks of peas, one rick of peas a 1 beans mixe 1, two daughters emplo 18 follows :—Elizabeth, aged 26 years, maid-servant, ricks of it, three cs of bar and one of wheat straw; one barn r with the mill-owner, at a salary of 10/. 10s. a year. Eliza, aged and a} n adjoining, containing forty quart of ba vy in tl trav 24 yea employe mn che mill as & weave average earnings per week, i n o qu rters in Sack, ¢ iole y ) of fifty eight a of s. 64 rah, 2 vears, weaver; 93s.94d a weck. Hannah, 20 years, ] ye large barn, of fe ys, full o eat t f potatoe ; »; 10s. O80. a week. Lydia, 16 yea earning weaving; 53, a week. ] l § consulie consist o stabies, ow ns n ‘ regate of the foregoing, 34s. 44d. ; deduct house-rent, water- b ise, chaff-houses, chaise-house, and seven ( | rte rent. and tayes. 3°. 7 nett weekly income, 30s, 9d.” | want vou to sets of harn quantity of po ry wert m G understand fact | t you the reason bye and bye why la ivert credit is du ihabitants of Baldock Rad Shefford 1 tot subiec I have not such an animus in favour of tall chimneys their engines at ir praiseworthy ex: ons. Ssible to ca that I would mislead you on the subject | have not been long amongst culate what might have been the result had icted in th I came from an agricultural district myself; but nothing manner they did, as the Stotford people stood ignorantly iz on, istonisne more than the credu ity— the culpable credulity prevall- rd frere it. and abusing iny one that spr he to them, and enj nq their ing in the metropolis and ia the south with respect to the mig! ty manue- c nnibal- he meal on the poultry roasted in their feathers, and th potatoes facturing industry of the nortb You have been told that the women they were scran bling for in the ashes The fire continued burning with there work and that the men have noemployment. Indeed,I have been frightful fury for seven or eight hours. The total loss is estimated at told that the men sit at home darning stockings. (Laughter.) I was about 4,000/. The whole stock was insured. lhere is no clue to the curious to meet this point, a I asked what wages were paid to carters, incenalafries. (Hea . N Wy has iny one ever realis d to his o wn encers, to men who ke p the cows in large est iblishments with land mind all that we are told In these incendia y fires? How much of attached to them, and I found such labourers received 15s. a week: and mis ry—how much of despair—how much of iz norance—how much of f I found that from 16s. to 20s, a week are paid to the men who take the vice and irreligion must there be in th: breasts and in those districts carts to Manchester I then said, tell me how they pay the policemen at where we find tnese instruments for firing the property of their neigh- Ashton—a good test of unskilled labour—and the reply was from 15s. bours Now, let it be borne in mind that these are the par/ies—these to 2ls.a week; and in a population of 46,000 in the town of Ashton, the happy agricultural labourers, for whose especial benefit the the ire not LOO able-bodied men receiving relief. Understand, more- corn laws were enacted Phey have been said, in Parliament, to be the ny that the hours of working are universally twelve hours on five days, persons for whose henefit we keep up a monopoly which is to tax manu- and nine on Saturday; that is, for adults above thirteen years of age, factures alone and when we hear of distress in the country, how stu. ind eight |} urs { yr young people N w don't let me be misunderstood.

diously do the monopolists conceal the state of their own districts, and I do not «¢ ome forward with this case to interest your sympathies for the

heap odium and d edit on t manufacturing Classes I have no La asters I now refer to these cases as having the strongest possible re- hesitation in saying that it ld not bey sible for scene uch as these ference to the wages of agricultural labour, | 1use they show that a to occur amids Vy act ind intelligent manufacturing community. young woman can not only average 10s. 5d. a week in the manufactur. If t yw ) my property, ] tell you the only danger that would ing districts, but is actuallyin a condition to strike for higher wages, be to | p en {—and that is, that my workpeople would throw I do no that they ought not to get an advance of wages if they can. to t flames t | that a t, if they could tind then lr} I sav that the havea right to get as high wages as they can, ( Cheers.) ttime I hadt honour Of speak n a London theatre—at Dru The new pers raise a mighty clamour about a strike at Ashton, lane— | t i the inhabitants of tl metropolis that they were system- Staley or Manchester, because some three or four thousand per- OSsiy pra l pon by the monopolist party, and not } t an advance of wages If tl footman or butler of one of the vy by the newspape it by the no sts—the Trollopes and others 1 posts w »y read these papers says, * | want an addition ofa guinea — who u ( ind natically maligned the manufacturing to my wa , or [must leave your service,’ it is not made a pt litical cla pecially ta La shit ind they endeavoured to unt an matt tis not put in the newsp pers Why should the Morning Post \ ument which they thou ht hkely to pare away some of their darling pub irticles, day after day, sent up from the Country, denouncing the } mouop You are aware that there is at the present moment a turn- giving higher wages, stating that the working a peop'e are yut for wages at Ashtor It has been mentioned in the monopolist eating potatoe-pies, and the masters grinding them to powder? Why does Dp Before I left home yesterday, I re quested a gentleman in the the Morning Post give that dose to its monopolist readers : In order to ourhood—Mr Whittaker—to collect the exact particulars of the throw <« liscredit upon the employers, and to delude the public, and help s pald by the firms wh hands have turned out to the weavers to maintain that monop iy which, according to them, is to confer bound- \ yturned out. Ihold in mv band a statement of the w ives less blessings upon the agricultural classes, But is there not some of t operative weavers in thirteen firms, for one month, ending on the danger in preaching this doctrine? The Morning Post would require “ Novemb 1843 ih pap contains the names of thirteen no answer from me I would leave them to Punch, who would give them f { number of hands employed by them, the amount paid weekly the best answer. (Loud laughter and cheers.) But the Morning Post \ ind t average by the week; and I find that the average publishes the sentiments of the aristocratic members who vote in the pa 1,120 two-thirds of whom were young women, from House of Commons and the Lords, and who haunt the fashionable tt hitty rs of age- 10 9d. per week, and this clear of all salons of th metropolis On that account I charge them to beware (tl r.) Iwill hand this list, with all the names, to how they preach the doctrines they do rhe anarchist er socialist { men of the press, for it 1 A ' y important, and, at this icles published in the Morning Fost, in pre aching these doctrines, j in t tin document One firm, that of bel Bu klev, and " d have a most dangerous tendency if they were read by the agricul tura \ 0) f | in their employment, whos wes vary fron ibourers, who, fortunately for their masters, cannot read; but if fi it } \ irs, and t u \ paid to them, for a week’s wages, if tr that the masters responsible for the existing distress—if is 12s. ld 1} ollowing 1 he t, in detail, referred to by Mr the employers Na it in thei power to give higher w iges, and do not, Co hat excuse is there for the patrons of the Morning Post in Dorsetshire \Vi EAT . F THE OPERAT VEAV 1E EMPLOY OF 1 Wiltshire. who have reduced the rates of lebour 5s. a week? The Worm Post, and those who read it, are jointly chargeable with the H nt} IENTIONEI FIRM FOR THE {ONTH ENDIN NOVEM- neendiary fires which have taken place. If the working classes in BE ) ‘ Lancashire were not more intelligent than the Morning Post and the iristocracy who read it, our manufactories and mills might have been blazing last August. They were sufficiently incited to it by the Morning Weavers t s d. Thomas Mellor and Son 327 165. 1O 4 Post, but I advise those who live in such glass houses not to throw LD¢ ( y and Sons 200 12] a tones I have preached different doctrines to their serfs~—I[ have endea- (all Fe nales ized from 15 to 30 years) voured to let in a ray of politico-economical science into their minds—I[ A. and J. S. Buckley 100 il 9 assured them that their masters were not in fault, except in not raising up manufactures in Dorsetshire and Wiltshire, where they have destroyed Join Whittaker and Sons 600 10 8 Robert Lees and Sons 700). 4 10 O the resources upon which the population were formerly sustained by whi h means they would find employment for their labourers, and save H de, Sons, an Sowerb\ 140 ll ; them from a Jacquerie worse than ever happened in France, ( Cheers. ) J. and J. Kenworthy ota ss 9 9 I think [have shown that we in the manufacturing districts have not J. B. Reyner and Brothe | 9 O Nathar B y and Son 300 ; 1O 1)4 more cause to cry out for a repeal of the corn laws than the employers in the agricultural districts Che men whose names I have read to you mue! Higgin otham ) 910 Samuel Robinson 87 ° ‘ » 102 the men who are paying these wages, twelve out of thirteen of these ire members of the Anti-Corn-law League, and have Binn Dean, and Co. e DO e 9 103 rgee emp over SUDOSCTIOE da from 2007. to 300/. to its funds. And why have they done so? Jan Knott and Son ey lO 9 Not to reduce the rate of wages. There can be no greater calamity to men living amongst 12,000 operatives than to be obliged to reduce their 1,120 2 151 10 ware We want extended markets for our enlarging population—we Che gentleman who ected this information for me—Mr Whittaker— want not to reduce, but to give a guarantee to the labouring classes that I riven me the following brief particulars of his own establishment :— their wages § hall not be reduced to so low and degraded a scale as We have in our «¢ mploy 1.203 factory oper itives, viz.: 45 children that of the labourers of Dorsetshir Have you nothing to complain of ler 13 years of ag and working eight hours per day, at an average n London? ‘The papers are teeming with accounts of distress in the vages of 3s, per wee 1,158 persons above 13 years of age, and work. metropolis; and what is the remedy? Houses of refuge for the desti- ing lve hours per day, at. an average wages of 11s, 4d, per week for tute ! Heaven forbid that I should say one word to check the stream of eich person. Included in the above are 20 families, consisting of 56 charity at such a season as this, If the metropolis contains objects of persons, living in 20 cottages belonging to the firm, whose united earn- THE ECONOMIST. December 2,

7 a bigiayspypheaven’s name let them find it here. But | will ask of the truth which had been thrown upon that cause; and, with the sym. intelligent*and enlightened inhabitants of the metropolis, if they h ive pathies and support of their friends in the metropolis, they would not no remedy for distress beyond that of charity ? That remedy is unworthy relax, but would increase their efforts until they bad achieved that of the organs of the press to put forth, from day to day, in such mag- which was the common object of the free-trade party throughout the niloquent language. What is to become of those who are not yet in the country. Their opponents had yesterday asserted that the roll of names streets or in these houses? What is to become of the heads of families to which he had referred, was a list of persons who had leagued thi m. who, like the widow Biddle, are toiling for sixteen hours a day for selves together for the purpose of practising exclusive dea ings, and if three-halfpence a shirt, in order to keep their children from these any of those present had been there and heard them, they would have houses? Ihave scenno remedy proposed for distress. There has been highly edified at the sanctimonious countenances with which the been no remedy proposed in Parliament—no remedy proposed by the monopolists spoke of the horrors of exclusive dealing. Was not mono- press—and I ask those who Oppose the Anti-Corn-law League and poly itself exclusive dealing? If he understood any thing of it, it cer. preach charity to the houseless—! ask them what remedy they propose tainly was. While his party repudiated such a principle, at the same for those who are not yet paupers or houseless? Ours is that remedy. time, if their opponents resorted to such objects, esery man of them ( Cheers.) We say, “ Instead of contenting yourselves with offering clean was determined to stand by his friends. The free-traders of Salisbury straw and aslice of bread at night, and a slice of \bread in the morning, were not discouraged. There was a hackneyed story of Galileo, whic and then dismissing them, repeal the corn laws, give them bread and food, he could not refrain from repeating. ‘ Gali'eo, for maintaining the theory and enable themto live at home in comfort with their families. Oi, there that the earth moved, was imprisoned; but his imprisonment had no is nothing I so utter! despise as cant. They call us canting; but effect upon his constancy. He affirmed that the earth moved, still. 0 there is nothing I so nae e as the cant of those who maintain a system it was with free trade, Notwithstanding the defeat at Sal sborv, free which is dooming the hard-toiling labourers to misery and want, at trade moved still, and had gained great ground at Salisbury. No doubt the same time meeting them with crocodile tears, mourning over the he should be expected to give some statement, showing how it was that victims they themselves have made, and taking credit and honour to the cause had gained strength at Sa isbury, yet they bad been defeated themselves for charity, while they denounce us as c inters, because we In the election in 1841, which was upon a dou le vacane y, there were would save the hard working and independent labourer from the degra- three candidate two Conservatives and one Whig. The eéesignati yn dation of coming to them for charity (loud cheers). Our remedy is the of free-trader was scarcely 3 known then in Salisbury. The Whigs po ed repeal of the corn law; that is the real remedy for the pauper and the 993 votes, of which there were 165 piumpers, leaving split votes 128, houseless. Give them bread at a moderate price; administer to their Of those split votes who voted for the Whigs, 33 have ever since voted wants, not with the stinting hand of charity ; let them have cnough, in for the Tories, and 22 had never since voted at all; and these two num exchange for honest industry. If that is the object; if those are the bers together made 90, which, deducted from the total of 293, reduced people whose interests are to be studied, the Dorsetshire peasantry, the the number of Liberals at Salisbury at that time to 238, In the Jate widow Biddle, those who are sleeping in the parks, those who crowd contest, Mr Bouverie polled 270, from which, if you deduct the 2288 your streets, drawn to the metropolis as blood is drawn back to the Liberals in 1841, it left a clear gain of 32 votes over the election of |84]., heart, because vitality there remains the latest, are these the objects 3ut he might be asked how the election had been lost, and he would whom you intend to benefit by a fixed duty? We advocate the repeal explain it. A person experienced in election matters, at Salisbury of the corn laws, for the benefit of the working classes. 1 want not had carefully gone through the poll-book, and was of opinion, that bread, you will say: I am not very fat (laughter), but I have as much among those who voted for Mr Cam} } bell 43 were aiong with the ] as I want; I shall eat no more than I do at present, Whatever comes opposite party in principle. There was no intimi ation then v Dri if i. in must be eaten by those who have not enough. These are the people tised, he presumed, with reference to these 43, There wus no corrupt we work for, and will continue to work for. They try to shift the influence of any kind whatever. If we were to believe the m ynopolist ground from the true one, the inherent justice of the cause, and.peddle it was impossible for them ever to resort to suc h practises ; but the fuct about’a fixed duty of 6s. or 8s., for the convenience of particular mer- stared us in the face, that of those who voted for Mr Campbell, chants. They would be wise, indeed, if they could induc e us to play upwards of 40 voted against the honest convictions “ their own minds. the monopolist game on this score. To get rid of bad monopolist laws Let these 40, then, be taken from Mr Campbe and added to his requires great power and a great leverage. Give us that in the moral opponent’s poll, and what was their situation ? ey cathedral towns it and religious sympathy of the people of this country—we have it, and was frequently a question between the church and dissent, but in this we will never leave go of it until we succeed (loud cheers). We are case 165 out of the 270 who voted for Mr Bouverie were members of told, forsooth, that the rich merchants will abandon us. Why, their rich the established church, a very much larger numbcr than half. Vitb merchants have never joined us; and how have we done without them ? regard to the dissen ting denominations, he should only refer to the Wes- Ten or a dozen men commenced the League five years ag What was leyan Methodists, and he was happy to allude to them in terms of Wesleyar § in Salisbu it then, and what is it now? Why is it what it now is? Was there thankfulness and admiration, for of forty-five ys any strength, any inherent power in those who originated it? I will forty were in favour of free trade, four were neutral, and only one was ten concede all that our enemies say. We are not men of eminence, we with the monopol st. Of the clergymen in Salisbury who votcd, those t1 o, are low bred uneducated men, if they will; but why have ten such men supported the monope ist and two voted for free trade, and brought this agitation to its present state Was it be ‘ause they although not high as dignitaries of the church, were most highly agitated for a fixed duty? No; if they hé id done so, it would have t been esteemed for their pure benevolence ; and of the remaining number | ve a rope of sand, and it would have been asunder in a dozen places before remained neutral. The Stardard newspaper, with a view to throw six months were over. It was proceeding upon the prin iple that there odium upon that respectable class the Jews, } id said that no doubt the should be no tax upon bread, no tax in favour of any particular ciass, via Jews in Salisbury would be with the free traders. Now, it so happened that we are what we now are; and do you think that the de sert ion of that in Salisbury there was only one pas of that denomination, and a few selfish men, who may have given their money after I warned them he voted for the monopolist. Whether he voted a cording to his princi- not to give it, if they meant to desert us; do you think that ¢ if if ¢ they ples or not, whether ‘he was forced snuland his inclination or not, whe- desert us, it will break the League ? for every one that so desert ther he gave his vote or not, q { those who were curious in such matters us we shall have ten volnnteers. No; where there are ten, there are might go to Salisbury and inquire. The Tines newsp per attributes now 10,000, ard ten times 10,000 throughout the length and breadth of the defeat of the League not to intimidation or the un just influen of the land, unwilling for a fixed duty for mercantile convenience, but individuals; but to the impression that those who voted against M who, animated by a sense of the er of any corn law, wiil sub- Bouverie voted against a democratic party. Now they had all heard of scribe their money, to the day of their death, as they would toa pale. such persons as Chartists. There happened to be one elector profes sionary Society or a hospital, and relying upon the purity of the ele ing those opinions in Salisbury One would suppose, that if Mr toral body of this eo gdom, and with their flags, inscribed—* Free Bouverie were a democrat he could command the suffrage of this Trade, No Monopoly, No Surrender”—with this motto, with your good Chartist. sut it was not so. ‘The Chartist voted for Mr Camphe he!p, and with the wise » and just everywhere joining our phalanx, we'll (Hear, hear, and laughter.) It was the opinion of those acquainted go on and onward to a certain, and not very distant, triumph. The with the circumstances of the place, that nothing but intimidation and honourable gentleman resumed his seat amidst vehement and prolonged the su perhuman exertions of a few individuals o f distine tion, col ld

cheers. have arried the election in favour of the monopoly candidate. W! Mr Lambert, of Salisbury, the chairman of Mr° Bouverie’s committee, ther there was bribery or not was a matter which would probably be was then introduced to the meeting by Mr C ob¢ len, and ta oceeded to determined on some other occasion, There were one or two remarkat say, that on behalf of the free tr iders of Salisbury, he came here to circumstances, which he thought it well to mention. On the morning claim brotherhood with them; and, knowing as he ‘did what were the of the election, they held a public meeting by candle light, a little after principles and feelings of al! true Leaguers, he was sure that. because six. All the el ectors on the side of free trade went up to the hustings the free traders of Salisbur y had been temporarily defeated, those of the at seven o'clock, and t 5 eleven o'clock eve ry man of them had recorded metropolis would not refuse to receive them into their fel omen p. He his vote. (Cheers. ) The triends of free trade had nothing to rely on came to show gratitude for the sympathy which the free traders of but the truth and justice of their cause. Mr Bouver to his great Salisbury had received, and for the great exertions made be the prin- honour, was as much opposed as any man conld be to anything like cipal members of the League in support of their cause. He came to corruption, intimidation, or undue influence. A propos ition having show that the seeds of free trade were sown’in Silisbury, and were been made to our committee by a person who said he could obtain already producing much fruit; and if he were asked for the credentials vote for us, Mr Bouverie declared that if hec yuld win the ¢ lection by of his mission, he held them in his hand in the form of documents con- one farthing’s expenditure, he should choose to lose it. (Hear, hear, taining the names of 1,008 inhabitants of Salisbury, enrolled as mem- hear.) If they asked him what were the hopes of the people of Salis- bers of the League within the last three days (loud cheers); not by bury as to another contest, he shoul ] say that they had, first, great compulsion, not by threats, or intimidation, but on their own free and hopes in the purity of their cause; next. that the seed sown by the voluntary accord ; and if he were asked why he did not bring more than League would yield good fruit; and, lastly, that by kindness, ar d the 1,008 names to the meeting to-night, he would state as one reason, that absence of all harsh re bukings, their opponents would be found to listen the cards of membership furnished by the League were exhausted, and to thei r remonstrance, and at no very distant period join in the support as another, that many were prevented from joining the League by of the cause which the free-traders had at heart. If—as was not impos- threats and intimidation held out to them. It mattered littic to the sible—an election should take place in March or April, the example set League whether the names of these persons appeared on their rolls or by the second election ‘of Durham might be followed by Salisbury. not. All they wanted was, that their hearts should be with them ; (Cheers. ) Salisbury was § tuated in the midst of an agricultural d and those who had used threats could not have used more sure means trict. Well, one would naturally conclude that, if protection to agri- of promoting that result than the course they had so taken. The free culture could have been of advantage anywhere, it would have been in traders of Salisbury were by no means dispirited at the result of the Salisbury. Well, what was the condition of the people there? Why recent contest. They had as much confidence as those he addressed,"in Mr Campbell himself stated there were 200 houses shut up there, and the truth of their cause, and they were much checred | y the light_of there would probably be many more before long. The agricultural 1843. | THE ECONOMIST. 253 population was just as ill off. Mi Bright and he had paid a visit to | } cally to report on the progress of the great cause in the advancement of | Stonehenge, and having met a shepherd, isked him w val his wages \ } which we are engaged. From each of these meetings we receive a fresh were ? He rep ied, 83s. a week, They asked him, had he any family? slimulus to greater and greater exertions in this important and saered He replied, one child, and he thanked God he had no more. So that caus Since last I bad the pleasure of standing on this stage much has the blessings of protection taught ¢ poor man to give God thanks for been done, and much more inust soon be done. Six weeks ago this He should | having failed to fulfil his deeree —* Go forth and multiply.” | building was filled to overflowing with a meeting, the bulk of which was go back to Salisbury, and tell them what be witnessed that night, and comp of electors of London, I had the privilege of taking some part he was sure, if anything could stimulate them in the course thev had the « mnte t ior you r cl Ve [ was not here to partic pate in your chosen, it would be the approval of suco a meeting (Chee ) triumph ; but I can say that hundreds of thousands id the north of Colonel Thompson ; As this is the first time I] have had the honour to ind hailed the result with fond hopes of success, and received with appear before so DumMerous an a id euce, connec ed to cousider the su ct joy the tidings of your and their triumph. (Cheers.) We visited of the corn-laws, allow me to congratulate you on t improved cir- fHladdingtor You have heard of the condition of the population in cumstances'in which we find our cause since we first made our appear Dors«t e. We soon found we were in another country, as we ap- ance in | oodon. I remecmobect the Was rreatl Gdouvl wa Hel ull ity proached the border. The lands were well cultivated. The fields were would not interfere to prevent our addressing you as we now do it i ular. The fences took no more room than w 1S requisite. The ditches was reported that nothing but dramatic entertainmes ed ere filled up, or covered in. The land was cultivated like a garden, here. [I began to think of making uch t here appeared to be no poverty amongst the people. We stopped necessary to exbivit be-ore you, I feel cert i it the he fa tladdinzton farmer; we found him comfort ibly settled to the « ause, the Member for Stoc kport wor | imo t his labourers. The farmers were men who might have asso- Eurania to soft musi, (Laughter.) The and ciated with their fellows of any rank, and have done themselves no dis- Wolverbampton w suid not have scrupl d to i cred Phev must have shone out in brilliant colours when contrasted I should have come forward either Blue Ts with the ( inal squirearchy of the Southern counties of Mogland. according as the ple-charger or {Ue elephant was fit for duty b We fou them prosecuting t r occupation with an intelligence and (Renewed laughter, ) Ihese dangers, however, ai ne by, i 1 we mmand of scienti ippliances, so fully to equal the energy and skill are not now afraid to face you in our own proper characters. Let u f the manufacturer We found them quite conscious of the fallacy first observe, that that huge three-decker of public opinion which shows that this was a farmer’s law, and they knew well w iy the labourers in by its head which way the tide runs, has swung round lately. (1 England suffered. i went into a peasant’s cottage; everything was hear.) All idea of defending the old position is gi Lup, and tl ques- e 9 nd ne it, d comfo LU ‘The beds, the furniture everything tion now is, whether the people cannot be persuaded to take half their Il saw there—inuicated a state of si perior comfort to that known amongst demands A fixed duty is propos d; and the first temptation held « the peasantry of the south. | asked the jabourer’s wife bow they were to you to abandon vour claims for a total repeal to mit for ¢ ff, and she answered, ‘* We have been here seventeen year we came a fixed injustice. (Chee [.et me not be supposed to trench on t vere the week we were married, and we are very comfortabl I hey province my friend Mr Cobden has passed over. I will add nothing to iad four ch n: three of them employed about the farm. I asked if what he has told you as to the practicability of a fixed duty for the sake | they could read? The woman replied they could read very well. Now of revenue, except something ia the shape of numbe If the revenus ; some of the landlords are not a great deal better than they are in Dorset- be the object of the landed. aristocracy, s« eApence On all ¢ moat the , but th's state of things shows that the difficulties attending sue mill wou.d yield quite as much as eight shillings on forei 0 cessful agriculture are not insuperable, and that a time may come when Now here be conscientious men! Sevenpen a quarter on orn | Haddington will be exceeded in prosperity by Hampshire, Dorsetshire, for the sake of revenue as on enormity that no Nn cou ‘ and Wilts! Cheers.) Well, | come back to our mission. We tolerable ; but eight shillings on foreign corn was a proposal to be can ed at Kendal. I believe the public give us credit for not being idle vassed. What was the dilference This, truly, that the latter would missionaries. (Hear, hear, Kendal has a small but intelligent con- enable them to pay the settiements on their daughters, ( Laughte ) tuency. In Westmoreland there is a certain huge castle, owned by a See you not, that in the one case the price of all corn grow tin th power! il baron, who mon polised W estmoreland and cast a longing eye country would be raised by e ght shillings, and in the other but by ven- 1 ¢ Kendal. Onthe day of the polling, I saw on the bridge, near the pence the quarter? Surely the Tory aristocracy ought to Ww more polling-place, filty or sixty men, each carrying a heavy stick in his hand, hooesty and gentl ‘manly spirit than to propound such an out e on | A friend of ours called a man and asked him what this congregation of common sense and decex cy as this avowal of a wish for a fixed duty, in | men meant? * Oh! ’ said he, “ lam one ofthem. We wereto dtocome here order to secure the revenue carried with it Much cheei .) Why, by MrSo-and so’ssteward, and tostop onthe bridge.” ‘* What for ?’ said my the very sempstresses in your metropolis are turning out to make a friend: © What are youto do?” ‘* We shall have to do just what we declaration of their sulferings, and begin to ask why tl who weat { rdered to do.” It is wrong, to be sure, of the League to attempt linen don’t subscribe to keep them Let those keep them, I say, who | use arguments with the electors, but perfectly right forthe lord of rob them. (Cheers.) I wish sometimes that those 8 mpstres would Low I istle or for a landowner of Westmoreland to send a number make an appointment with me. (Much laughter.) I'd face them a of wen armed with sticks ready to do whatever his steward may order and in ove half hour point out to them how it thev work their fingers them! You have heard enough of Salisbury, aod you will hear some- to the bone, that the daughters of those above them in rank thing more of it. Inow come to the meeting at Manchester, I never enjoy wealthy settlements, and how the work of 1,000 sempst 5 addressed a meeting on which my words fell so coldly All those who is clubbed to furnish the jewel that glitters on the d of th attended came not to listen to Speeches, but to act. You know the relative of the landed proprietor, (Loud cheers.) We are past tl etic of that mee vr, (Cries of hear, hear, and cheers.) You time when smooth words will avail. They have irritated us all know that no blow has been struck against monopoly which has proved I should not say what was unreasonable if [ asserted that half my } so te lling. [he mononolists know very W ll that this contest is what a notoaing but a patrimony has been taken from me by th operation of these IWS, | wily scot desi nated it five year ago in ny presence, or made worthless by them There is not a person here, whe- } matter of money. Let there be money enough to let he people see ther sempstress or not, who has not suffered by this law I should i what corn law nd its destruction is inevitable. I have a list of like to know how many mothers have to lament their offspring subseriptions from Rochdale, of which I have the honour to be a native, to distant lands (some of whom, perl Ips thev no never see). i } and Ishall take the | ty of noticing one or two of them, One of the order to win that independence which they cou { not gaia re. H Dake rs was Mrs W. B. Lumb, 102 Another lady sent a subscrip- many go to the Indies, the colonies, and Heaven knows w re, in order tion for an only child, that she may have the satisfaction of reflecting to gain those moderate means which, if th rulers had been honest in- that s thing was done against those laws in her name. On this stead of dishonest men (nay, if they had been but moderately dishun innouncement at the mect everal of the wives of those who had sub- would never have been co np lled to quit il land the ir rib ls i gave 10 guineas, and some of them subscribed for each of their (Cheers.) The danger you now have to guard a ist v be g hildren. Ne the may b mall matters, but they augur great your assent to a half measure. Let me tell you a y of military ly You may on it that when the women of England came history. When the JSurks pillage a country, they call on t yherds | from their hom s to attend mec tings, and give subscriptions for their to give them the best of their flocks as a repast, and when that is don hild the ire n to be bargained off a great object by a preten led they are asked how much they mean to pay for the honour of having eaten | boon to the interest of a clas This is become now a household ques- it. (Hear, hear, hear, and laughter.) Now, it will not long be tion. Itis a subject for consideration and discussion at every fire side you are asked how much you mean to give as con ition for n that and every other town throughout the kingdom. (Cheers.) robbing you (Cheers.) On the first suspicion of such aclaim, let some From this meeting we are going to Liverpool and Leeds, at which honest man or some dozen men put in your counter-claim fo ymething ices large meetings are to be held, and where considerable subscrip- like compensation. Your demand is for a total and im liate repe t doubtless, will be raised. Many other towns have meetit Do not yield one iofa on that point for nothing. If yc yield at all, alrea arranged, and it is determined that a deputati mm the council know for what. If you consent to a gradual repeal, offer a f barvain of Leas ll nd fortnight in Scotland the month of Why should not each class of the community have turn i turn about Jan All t ar eat earnestness on th f the League, in the benefits of protectior And as the landlords have had a duty o creat suce (hear, h ): for the success we have had hitherto foreign corn for twe nty-eight years, would there be any th enorn ves but foretcl the more np! te’ success which awaits our future in givine a bounty on foreign corn, in order tot ve you tw ys exertion (Cheers. Wi t has been within the last ten days dis- eight years more? Or if that should cons red bad poli economy } Coy d that the League is a very reat fact.” It is most condescend- why not apply the screw in order to compel the landlords to « Le ; y party to noun to us tiat w are ally (hear, and a their just share in the taxation of the country (Cheers Let not our a i): t if a p ful organ ¢ the press came forward at the posterity have to say, ** Those men could have rid themselves and us of ent hour, 10 om degrt to assist the cause, 1 juld have been the hardships of this law if they had had a little more ener ' d | yetter that it should have 1 ed with its knowledged ability and in- ness.”” These are qualities in which the citizens of London were nevet uence somewhat of tt ierosity which best becomes power. (Checrs.) defective. Who but yon tamed down the vigour of despotic power, and | Why, the mastiff, the most powerful of the canine species, is a generous claimed pre-eminence in your honest efforts to uphold civic fr yn, i an m Among wil an ls, th lion, the monarch of the for st, in well as commercial success? The game played by your fath is to be | whose roar there is terror, is generous. Andi “it not pc ble for a lead ng played again by you, and I, for one, have no doubt ofthe resu Lou } journal of this country to rence aid without attempting to sneer and continued cheering. ) down and s'ander the m o have originated the movement ? ( Hear. ) Mr Bright: I should be glad to refra'n from ire y i It n « we have other objects than a re peal of the corn laws, If we labouring as [I do under rather a severe cold; and I trust that ny LW y have been acute to discover them, for we have never unfolded deficiency in my manner of treating this important subject due all: n to the public. (Hear, hear.) It is said we have deep designs 4} will be made. (Hear, hear.) These monthly meetings of the L ue ig? } t e estab ished church. It may be so; but in every publication are to me gatherings of peculiar interest, for here we assemble periodi- of the Le: igue I have seen there is no indication of it. It may be that ame

254 THE ECONOMIST. | December 2,

the aristocracy in their halls and palaces are trembling for other things man, who charges us with abetting assassination. We come here, on than the corn laws; but if it be so, still the Anti-Corn law League have this platform, members of the council of the League, who have taken no other object than has been set forward to the public. (Cheers.) a most active part in all that it has done, and may therefore be con- It is said the Crown itself is imperilled by the tumultuous assemblages of sidered as influential as any men in its councils—we seek no shelter, thousands within the walls of Covent Garden Theatre; but if the safety we do not hide ourselves in a fourth story and stab in the dark; we of the Crown consist in justice to the people, and if the Crown would last come into this assembly and stand here betore all the world, 5,000 in- longer when based on the affections of the people than on the tyranny o dividuals or more looking on at our proceedi while the gentlemen the aristocracy ; then, I say, the Anti-Corn-law League, of all societies of the press below me will to-morrow convey a report of what which ever existed in this or any other country, is that society whi passes here to the utmost parts of the kingdom If the man will best tend to secure and prolong the existence of the monarchy who writes the Standard wants to tollow me, here I am ; but he must (Loud cheers.) What a contemptible figure men make who assert, as be a base wretch indeed who skulks in the ecresy of a ublic journal, the Morning Herald asserts, that otl ier things are in dat f the corn ind then charges an honourable and well-known ass lation with laws come down! Do vou believe that any institutions, really valuat objects like thi Loud cheers l Ww not this man I am happy cou!d receive assistance from contact with such an abuse as this. (I I do not know him. I know not his p:rentage; but if I were to point cries of *. No.2) It would be just as reasonable to assert that if you out tl ource from which he sprung, 1 w 1 say that his father, in a took a healthy man out of a room where there was dan of infectic listurbed period of Irish history- iethinge like which is passing you would do what would be likely to shorten his existence. (Cheers before us—was known by the name of the government torturer. [ The Morning Post has spoken out—I never like to say much against \ ld say was connect L yourna f the most infamous de- Post (‘aughter, and cries of ** Punch,” and “ poor Post’)—in fact, n scription. I would say, inti ds of aman who has writt a man is in desperate circumstances, he 1s cruel it deed who w d ul} mn this question, that “ this an, lor a groat @ year, m1 another pang to his sufferings, for the Morning Post's occupation wi soul and sell it dear. Loud cheers.) And yet this paper is th clearly before long be gone For months past it has given us ec nn rgan of the government which now aflects to direct the destinies of after column of pro-corn-law writing, but little argument has it offered the British empire. (Shame.) There is no other paper which can

j , to its readers. I know not how ey have got through it, though | pretend to be the organ of the present idn inistration but the St miara have waded through as much of it as any one myself t sake of —and a pretty organ 1t 1s I think it overdoes its bar un, and that the amusement it has afforded me But the Post of vesterday contains Sir Robert Peel would not like to be answerable for all the things the an article of which one or two passages are so amusing that I shall not Standard writes on the charact-r of the men of the Anti-Corn-law confine the enjoyment entirely to mys¢lf. 1 do not kaow whether w Leag If that pape r be his organ, he ought to do one of three things ought to say amusement, for a sterner feeling is called forth towards t —either to take care that such things should not be written, or dis- man who can promulgate calumnies like these ;—“ The merchants want miss it from the service of his government, or take on himself the to ‘extort a boon,’ and now, say they, now is the time to strike, when personal responsibility. ( Cheers Then I would } ask, l w y is all those from whom it is to be extorted show that they are weak. This is this calumny, and why ar we, day iit r day, week after weck generally the chivalrous mode in which the mercantile interest proceeds— the objects of the attacks of such a brutal paper? of whom, ‘For honour inks where commerce long prev s the League composed? Are not its members men who form, not a ‘“‘ But fallen though the | inded interest be, and | ) lronish, not an extravagant, not an oppressive , but an honourable trust it is not so fallen that these boldly expressed menaces and confid and working aristocracy in this country Hear, hear Who are anticipations will strike terror when they ought to inspire a sense of the men that work its machinery Why, men who have characters indignation, nd a determination to resist.” * * ** ‘Surely t , s ind'as stainless as the characters of any men in the present may be others now who will disdain to fall before a « mpara- Iministration at leas Cheers. ) lhey have homes—they hay tive inglorious a sary re a no nd honour- amules ill the endearments ot n tle ite to keep them away from able { culture of who wv stand by thei l | this: vet d hey ve their money, their time, their labour order, and not admit that the 1 interest | l \ the i i for the prose 1 this great questi \ d 1 the politi government of England oe Sy iriculturists is thre } ery 1S Move Is it not ¢ I st ul might still have the superior power if they thought fit to ass ) ( nara r Is t l mpt I le} ( ] and if they do not think fit, their disgrace is inevitable, and will pl ving t 1 [lea hie Are the \ y befo; Saas them in a position of unutterable contempt, until at length E | 1 can test t t for lV « s the san men will become no better than the Dutch, dependent vy traft } 1 “ I m Ss \ AY I L thie i ments t if their national existen und prone to the meannesses w! < ( iriv us | re idressed t reason of attend the ca r ol 1erely mercantile commu \ Tha hat i I ’ A Cs | gland they think of you and me, that is how they calumniat Ww , \ ( i ever have rl t I Lx Vi n ( é ed t ask you, the trading a 1 comme! ] ses ot tft country, whether you are not strong enough in numbers, we 1, in ne to the ence nd virt of the people, th telligence, and virtue, aud in public spirit, to rise up and dow j rts, their ra vinpathies, t ir benevolen ind re once, and for ever, the spirit that can dictate languag: this i ve Vv n l ec Db this me s prin If forward ) uD - oud cheers.) The Post recommended, some time ago, plan by port this cause a more powertul re numer¢ , more ble | vlanx h farmers could always keep prices very high—by not growing thal ve! in round tl banners f any conqueror whose deed re rn than would supply what is called the effective consumption ( led in t page xi hist \ | 1 ( rs Is there ne istifi- country. A supply for the effective consumption is that sort of tion in the circumstances of this country for the line of conduct we supply which you « ld affor: buy, as well as others who have are pursuing Is there nota ibstratum of poverty d destitution tolerable supply t pr we such as perhaps, not to be found in any civilized range from 60s ne { irse lan H ear.) Is there not al been for what the poor Lo f s por rty ( ) pl vate charity l 1 pe shame.) Itisa s pr ileated terially alleviate? Have not we had periods of poverty, by these journal to be p ] thy ug wl 1 Vv ] S pp I "\ t ‘ tent fi r its baseness na f fering | t, and the ] { re, that said t bt ’ S I X \ fer } lave | n ell h ++ } lenthes. and 4 ; 1 all useful I t l turing towns and districts the empire were involved one the 1 f lt \ ( t? (Cl ruin.” fenewed of sl : Ist w Sol l , \ yw 1 very ise, } \ told was th Vv I he rece le casi ed tl npeal ( Tt Leni disap t in nt] I ‘ ! But t on the platform, w was suppos¢ to b ting t pl Phis t un is expressing ; PI ( \ Lhere s st t )} languag> of tl |, (Cries of right 1 cheers S the v itu ‘ * ‘ } t ey j f } ld dard, in reply had b ) said about t] mer ts us

i ] ! if they hada fix , says, * WI ire the great rehants i ! : { en ted with the L Is it the B ges of Lond the ( is f P 1 « hand d Liverpool, or tl eses of Bristol ? No, 1 I should be } W ( ] n | | ve! he S¢ sorry if they wer I need say nothing about the Bar $ al ) { Sens 1d he | ! We have matter you have settled ; but the Gladstones ve be ts. I xr the la s ta { vhich tend 1 general will not say for generations, but for something like half a ec f all that ( 1 and rthy of preserv: i Were they not large slave holders ? Hear, hea Did t not ut t j I t s fon | benefit th receiv money for their fellow creatures? (Cheers Did the t s system was ( ly creat t th 101 fone of thi tt a ' ' but pnitv the landlord hold to slavery till that portion of the British public, which is now l pity e landlords, down the corn laws, leclared that slavery should no longer t their 1 ire to be paraded the papers as giving back five, ue? (Cheers.) Ar they not now | i ten, « twenty per cent. of their rental I'he farmers tl selves, if East Indies, and profiting by the monopol: have their rents remitted, must of necessity | in no enviable pusitior 1a man who goes to his landlord and pay vw. when he ear, hear.) Was this man, one who profited by monopoly, entitk arcained to 1 7. must return with a feel that ey honest t » have the post of Pres lent of the Board of Trade, and a seat in tl cabinet? No, no Then there was Mr Miles, of Bristol It was 1 indeper 1 would not to cherish. In Bedfordshire, < a rding to a count which I have s there was lately fire, and said at a meeting that LALA Ih it would take many such miles to make h tl labourers in a fat stood | h folded ms, watching the jue. (Laughter and I called on Mr \ for that town, a year ago, and he re with « lestruction of their ne ours propert id not stirring a hand t ceedll oly ( yd ( rdiality. had expose 1 to him tft] state f t Does it not afford matt r sad reflecti » the aristocracy country wt such things take pl ' Chere was Iso a fire at things in the manufacturing districts of the north, and told him what \] n. where ¢ lab rs looked or he sar it must come to unless there were a remedy, he said very coolly, “ Go mani It is back again to Lancashire, and stop half your mills, if you want to im t hu t to 1 inactir 1 tl way at tl vecurrence of prove the condition of the peopl Laughte1 Within t last 5 ’ Let t fiend nature, engendered by the week this said newspaper, in speaking of the League, said i is an lor ifferin ' rs—(cheer ufferings of which none but those who have felt them can form a concepti and which are laughed to associatic yn hat abetted assassination. I had thought that cry was over: I had thought the success which attended that experiment, rn in the halls of an aristocracy who flourish on the corn laws. when tried by the Standard’s master on the floor of th House of (Loud cheers.) ; And are we to be calumniatt asking the landlords Commons, had stilled it ; but it seems that it has not. ook at that f the country to saye themselyes—for trying to rescue them even at - a j 1843.] THE ECONOMIST. 235 ~ = the eleventh hour? Can they not see that if they would listen to our ; content with the result of yesterday’s poll—I say perfectly content. If w arguments, the fact of their repealing the corn law would dissipate the had got this victory, why we might have been getting on too fast ; it would opinion now prevailing throughout the land that they govern for them- perhaps have turned our heads in this agitation. We shall get on pro- selves, and that the aristocracy are little better than a locustry prey- bably much safer by taking slower steps. Besides, I recollect that you have been beaten by just the same majority that I was defeated by at jng on the industry of the country. (Hear, hear.) Independently of Stockport in 1837. My opponent there headed the poll by a majority this, there would exist a feeling of gratitude to them that they had of 47. Iwent again to Stockport, as you will come again 1 here. (Loud given up a measure which was found to press heavily on the poorer cheers.) What was the result the second time? Why, the monopolist classes, even at some risk to their own interests, and from one end of candidate gave up the ghost at two o’clock, when I had a majority of up- the country to the other there would be raised a shout of praise and wards of 100, That was two years ago; how do you think we stand now in exultation at a deed which would stamp them as infinitely more mag- the borough of Stockport? Why, I have at least 600 votes to his 300, if nanimous than any aristocracy ever existing upon earth. (Hear, hear.) | we were to go to the poll to-morrow. But if you desire to succeed and A black cloud hangs over the southern counties of England, and much return a free trader for Salisbury, you must follow the example of the men I wish that it may never break out in a fearful disaster. I fervently of Stockport, and pursue the same course as they did. Immediately upon hope that the appeal we are now making to the electors—nay, I be- their first defeat, they formed themselves into an association. (Loud cries lieve it will—will be responded to, and that the trade and manufac- of “ We will, we will.”) Iam very glad to hear yen say so. I understand tures of the country, now despised and trampled upon, will be revived a plan is to be submitted to you this evening for that purpose, for we have met partly for business. It is now proposed that you should form your- by our exertions. ‘To the better portion of the landlords, and to the selves into a branch of our Anti-Corn-law League. (Cheers.) We will farmers, the public voice is now speaking through the Anti-Corn-law all be members of the same body. Iam happy to find that the arrange- League, and [ trust that we shall yet be permitted, without violence, ments will be such as will exclude no man from becoming a member of this and without the calamities which some would foretell, to work out body, however humble his circumstances may be. The condition of ad- their deliverance from the hands of the aristocracy themselves. mission will be so low, that there will be no man who has health and (Cheers.) We are, however, asked, and by those too who have been strength but will be enabled to pay for his card of membership. That, kicking us all this while, to compromise the question for a fixed duty I think, a very good system, and that is the plan by which we made our — that is the recommendation of an important organ of public opinion. progress in Stockport and other places in the north. Our object is to bring all good men into one body. Well, the business which you have to How contemptible would the League be, if they were to say, “ Give us do to-night is to form an association, to enrol members. Let us know in a fixed duty, and we will go back, and fatten upon that.” (A laugh.) London how many members you have got: you will have your card of If we should agree to this, I confess I should feel very much inclined membership the same as we have in London. They have upon them a to transport myself to the Antipodes. I should be unable to look in very handsome engraving, which will be an ornament to your houses. the face any one among the thousands to whom I have spoken on this You will be members of the Anti-Corn-law League, and we shall be very question, when I had turned traitor to a noble cause. (Cheers.) Is it happy to have the men of Salisbury to join us. Well, you have lost this possible that all the multitudes whom we have been addressing for the election by 47. It has always happened that the League has lost the first last five years, would consent that the question should be settled half- battle that they have fought upon every occasion. ‘This was the case at way, when by a little more exertion they would get triumphantly to Durham, we were defeated the first time we tried; so it was at Stockport ; as I have before told you, we lost the first battle at Walsall; but in every the end of the journey? We know what we have done, and what we case we always came to the contest again. We Leaguers have this are made of; we have gone through rough and smooth for several years quality, that wherever we are beaten we always come to the same place of labour: and when we look back at the enormous distance over again, either to beat orbe beaten again. (Cheers.) There is an old couplet— which we have travelled, we may see what appealing to the heads and “ He that fights and runs away hearts of our countrymen will do. (Hear, hear, hear.) We know Will live to fight another day.” what has been done by the freemen of Durham, by the enormous con- But we do not run away, and yet I have no doubt that we shall live to stituency of the city of London, by the intelligent electors of Kendal; fight another day we know what has been done in the city of Salisbury, where, though Mr Fawcett then moved, and Mr Gregory seconded, the following the flag of monopoly is now flying, yet it will probably never be resolution, which was agreed to nem. con. : hoisted again. (Hear, hear, hear.) We sought not the position we | “That the free-traders of the city of Salisbury and the neighbourhood now hold. We had no wish to leave our homes, and the quiet plea do enrol themselves members of the National Anti-Corn-law League.” sures which belong to them, to take part in scenes of contest. But here we stand, borne along on the wave of public opinion, which rises Mr Wristbridge then moved, and Mr Stokes, jun., seconded, the fol- lowing resolution, which was unanimously agreed to :— higher and higher beneath us. From this station we cannot retreat with honour. The feeling of personal obligation to this cause—our “ That, in the present state of the representation of this city, it is expe- solemn conviction of its truth and justice—the very writhing of the dient that the attention of the League be directed to the attempts which are being made by the monopolists of Salisbury and the vicinity to deter enemies of the happiness of the human race, which shows that our the free-trade electors, by threats and intimidation, from the free exercise exertions are not unfelt—the sufferings of so many millions of our of the elective franchise. The members of the League do hereby pledge fellow-creatures, for there is no part of the earth to which monopoly themselves to give their united support and protection to every elector has not carried its ravages —all this calls upon us to redouble our exer- who may be threatened with injury, in consequence of giving a conscien- tions for the future. (Cheers.) It depends upon you and such as you tious vote at this or any other election; and the members of the council of —the middle class, the electoral body, the working men—on every the National Anti-Corn-law League here present pledge themselves, on ue who lives by honourable industry, whether this question shall be | behalf of that body, to co-operate with the free traders of Salisbury in satisfactorily settled. If you will help us, men and women of Eng- carrying out this special object.” land, if you will in heart shake hands with each other, and with us, A numerous provisional committee was then appointed, and the and make a solemn and lasting compact to co-operate with us, then so meeting adjourned. long as we live, and can speak, and work, and write, shall we be the enemies of monopoly. (Immense cheering ; the whole house rising in Free Trape in Sr Neors’.—Mr Falvey, the anti-corn law lecturer, a tumult of enthusiasm, which lasted several minutes. ) delivered two lectures on the corn and colonial monopolies, in the Assembly room, St Neots’. The facts, figures, illustrations, and inferences of the The Chairman said he must now close what all present would pro- 1 lecturer were received by the audience on each occasion with the most de- ba v consider to have been not the least interesting of the series of ch led approbation ; and a resolution of free trade was carried unanimously, meetings. Mr Bright had informed them that arrangements had been and amid great cheering. : made for holding, during the next month, meetings in the principal FREE-TRADE LecTrURE IN Beprorp.—Mr Falvey, of the Anti-Corn- towns of Yorkshire‘*and Lancashire, for the purpose of promoting sub- law League, delivered two lectures on the corn and colonial monopolies scriptions to the Great League Fund. When they met again, this day on Monday and Tuesday evenings, the 27th and 28th instant, in the month, he hoped they would have the pleasure of seeing that their Castle room, Bedford. ‘The audience, on each occasion, entered fully labours for that object had not been unrewarded. ‘Till then he hoped into the spirit of the question, and marked their approval of the lec- the blessing of heaven would rest on all present. turer’s principles by the most d cided approbation. At the close of The meeting then s parate d. the second lecture the following resolution was carried by acclamation : “That in the opinion of this meeting all monopolies, agricultural, FREE-TRADE MEETING AT SALISBURY manufacturing, and colonial, are unjust in principle and injurious in A numerous and influential meeting of the inhabitants of Salisbury their operation upon the best interests of society, and ought, therefore, ig held on the day following the election ; from the tone of which, to be immediately and unconditionally repealed.” The large room was as well as from the manifestation of the feeling of the inhabitants crowded, and we observed at the meetings some of the most influential generally, re it is evident that, although the modopolists, by the aid gentlemen in the town. Mr Stocker, cornfactor, occupied the chair of the grossest bribery, the foulest corruption, and the most un- each evening. An association in connexion with the League will be scrupulous intimidation haue succeeded in returning Mr Campbell formed in the course of the present week. to Parliament as their representative, that the men of New Sarum are Tur Leacur Funp, RocupaLte.—A very numerous meeting of the not dispirited at the temporary defeat they have sustained. friends of free trade in Rochdale and the neighbourhood, was held on A day or two previous to the election, Mr Cobden stated that, what- Cuesday euening, in the theatre, for the purpose of making a demonstra- ever might be the result of the pending contest, immediately upon its tion in aid of the Anti-Corn-law League Fund of 100,000/, by following termination, an association should be formed in connection with the the example set in Manchester. The theatre was quite crowded, and Anti-Corn-law League. In accordance with this promise of the hon. about one-third of the guests were ladies. Amongst the gentlemen member for Stockport, a meeting for this purpose was announced to present were Richard Cobden, Esq., M.P; John Bright, Esq., M.P. ;

be held at the Salt-lane school-room on Thursday evening ; but in the Rev. W. J. Fox, Ol London ; Mr Gibson, Messrs Robert and consequence of the excited state of the city, it was deemed advisable Joseph Scholefield, Thomas Bright, John Howarth, John Petrie, Mr successively to postpone it till the following (Friday) evening. Long before Cobden, M.P., Mr Bright, M.P., and the Rev. W. J. Fox, the hour appointed for the commencement of the proceedings, addressed the meeting. ‘The proceedings were enthusiastic. In two the doors were besieged both by electors and non-electors, and the hours and a half the sum of 1,565/. was subscribed, in addition to the utmost anxiety was evinced to gain admittance. 1.150, contributed by inhabitants of Rochdale and its immediate John Lambert, Esq , having been called to the chair, addressed the neighbourhood at the Manchester meeting, the other day. That a meeting in an eloquent and forcible speech. After which, town numbering some 25,000 inhabitants should contribute to this Mr Cobden came forward and said— fund the extraordinary sum of 2,715, is wholly unprecedented ; and, ‘Your chairman has spoken to you a great deal about the truth of our and, like the League itself, is, in the language of the Times, “a great

principles. How isa man to know that the question he is advocating is fact.” —Manche ster Guardian. true unless it goes through a course of discussion, and sometimes of appa- rent defeat? How are we to know that men are worthy to engage in the RE er RAR A AE RRA support of a cause of truth, unless they be tested by a temporary adversity, Dr Wotrr.—A letter from Constantinople, dated Nov. 7, mentions the such as that we are now suffering from? I appear before you perfectly arrival of Dr Wolff at that place, on his way to Bokhary. THE ECONOMIST. { December 2, ~ FOREIGN. CORRESPONDENCE AND ANSWERS: TO INQUIRIES.

FRANCE. TO THE EDITOR OF THE ECONOMIST. The Moniteur of Monday last publishes the official r¢ »yal ordinance con- Sir,—It is no uncommon thing fora man to attach himself to some yoking the Chambers on the 27th of December. party, and adhere to the principles of that party, be they right or The journey of the Duke of Bourdeaux still continues to give some wrong. If he be a Tory, he thinks, as a matter of course, that he must uneasiness to the French government, not from any fears of an immediate oppose the New Poor Law, and uphold restriction upon trade and effect from it, so much as from the feeling which it shows to exist in France in favour of the elder branch of the Bourbons. We have it from commerce. If he be a Whig, he imagines that he is no friend to his out excellent anthority, that no less than 2,000 passports have been taken party unless he denounce every measure brought forward by a Tory for England by persons whose principal object is to pay their1 esper ts to ; Gove rnment. ‘These party feelings bring on lengthened squabbl s in the Roy al Duke. If such be the case, it is not to be wondered at that the House of Commons from one session to another—and opinions ar French government should look with jealousy uj on the movement. + n multipli l by myriads, while facts are thrown to the wind. The other French papers contain nothing of the slightest interest. is impossible for any man to be entirely ignorant of the great A gran 1 dinner took place at the Palace of St. Cloud on Saturday, on uaa ec which is now going on between the creat landowners of' this the occasion of the thirty-fourth anniversary of their Majesties’ marriag country and the great body of leading commercial men, to determin The Minister of Marine has addressed a circular to all the ma whether high prices and the pr hibition of the food of the people are a prefec desiring that no w rkme n may in future be employed on Sundays blessing or a curse to the nat tion in the Government dockyards, except in cases of absolute necessity The King of the French has received a letter from the President of th« I do not remember seeing, in any of the speeches for th support of t United State s, congratulating him on the Prince of Joinville’s marriage. he present corn law, anything advanced by the landowners that could 1 Another French Bishop has joined his brethren in the crusade against I id the public to suppose that their adherence to the “ sliding scak the University of Paris. cnefitted themselves ; but they have invariably brought forward their SPAIN. desire to protect labour, the poor and their tenants, and to keep up Olozags The Cabinet has just been re-constituted as follows:—M. the pri ‘es of food and labour by acts of Parliament—a greater fallac y President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs; M. Luzarriaga, than which never was advanced to a thinking people. , Grace and Justice; M Domenecq, Interior; M. Cantero, Finances; M. You have justly observed, that “no principle is mor universally Serrano, War; M. Frias, Marine. true than that eT is regulated solely by the relation between supply The Free ( orps and National Guard of Bar ¢ lor a have delivers d up at the Atarazanas 500 muskets. Tranquillity is completely restored. The and demand.” t political economists and statesmen of ev. ry grade emigrants are returning. The manufacturers are resuming their business seek Secale i rgument, but they will seek in vain. This is the one The Captain-General is to go in person and assume the command of th great and universal law of commerce of every kind and of every com troops blockading the castle of Figueras. He has taken with him six modity, an 1 will remain so in Spit ofall the acts of Parliam« nt which battalions are made under the pretence of protec ting either w: iges or commerct A conspiracy in favour of Espartero has been discovered at Malaga There is on the part of many who are suppos« d friends to the labourer The conspirators intended to assassinate the captain-general; the assas- a strong desire to maintain a high rate of wages, as the only thing that sins, to the number of six, had received 1,000 reals each. About thirty secures to him a greater share of the comforts of life. And as Sir persons have been ( arrested. It was said that Generale Van Halen and | Robert Peel, in his opening speech on coming into office, attempted to Carandolet were in concealment at Malaga prove, by averaging the stomachs of Englishmen, and contrasting thi m The new municipality has been installed in Barcelona. The provincial deputation was also to be reconstructed. with those of tf oreigners, that they eat more beef than their conti- nental n¢ ighbours, It appears that the Spanish Government have rewarded the Fre neh | I may venture to adopt the same mode of reason- consul at Barcelona, M. Leseps, by conferring upon him the cross of the ing, to show that high prices ibsolutely deprive the agricultural] order of Charles III, and the French officer of the navy commanding at labourer of food and clothing—because wages never advance in th Barcelona, M. Gattier, has been made a commander of the order of Isa- same ratio wit h the price of food, nor fall with it. bella la Catholique. These distinctions have been conferred upon the two functionaries “ for their handsome conduct to the Spanish people during Wages per week, Flour per peck Quantity ea h week's the events of November, 1842.” ; } Ww sat will pu ‘chase a s, d pecks. lbs The number’ of depnties of the Cortes who have alread; idy been sworn in is about 200. At the first meeting of the 0} pposition, at Mad Z's house, 7 0 1 6 4 ) 1-3rd g 0 l ) 4 8 and at which Cortina declared that he had re fusec 1 to join Olozaga’s admi- . 2 0 j op nistration, sixty-seven members met. Since that me¢ ting so many of the 10 O 2 > members who have taken the oath have given in their adherence, that j +t 6 2-9ths li 0 4 0 the party now amounts to eighty, and several more have intimated their 4 2 3-5ths disposition to join. Besides this, the re are about forty members who have 12 0 2 9 1 5 l-llth not taken the oath, and some of whom have not yet arrived in Madrid. Now, about seven years since the wages of agricultural labourers and Of these it is known that many will join Cortina’s party, and indeed ‘ice of flour were nearly as above all events sufficiently near that several have written letters to that effect an advanced price of food is injurious both to the labourer The Queen gave a banquet on the 2Ist to the corps diplomatique, nufacturer, and benefits none but the landowner, by maintain- which was attended by all the members of the old cabinet, with the ex ing high rents. ception of M. Lopez. M. Olozaga was also present. M. Olozaga had a On the principle of Sir Robert, I have allowed the wages of the ] meeting of his friends the same evening, but nothing transpired as to er to “slide” a shilling a week to every rise of 3d. a peck in future prospects beyond what we have give nabove. It was reported t e price of flour, which is 3s. per week more than nine-tenths M. Olozaga was disposed to pr aaaan the Cortes with a project of a | of the icultural labourers received in 1839 and 1840, when _— the subje ct of municipal corporations, and that his plan was, that for flour was 2s. 9d. und 3s. per peck ; and the quantity which he could purchase for his the future the election of members of the munic ips ul bo ly shoul l be direct. like that of ar members of the Cortes, but not by universal suff; rave, as es at 9s. per week at that period was 3 pecks 3 9-11ths lbs, which was formerly the case. It was said that the Cortina party would n in round numbers is 1 peck 6 lbs. less than he could obtain when flour ject to this project. The plan, however, is altogether do ibtful » and \ ls. 6d. per peck and wages 7s. per week, These facts show the merely given out in hopes of gaining popularity. 1 ; lvancing the argument, that high prices are good for TURKEY. agricultural labourer ; and it clearly proves that in this high price Letters from Constantinople of the &th state a change of ministr) labourer and the manufacturer are injured ; for it taken place in Consta: itinople The Preside nt of the Council of does not require a person to be cha, the a mathematician to understand that, if Hafiz Pacha, was dismissed on a it day, and Achmet F\ a man can purchast a bushel of flour by his wages, and have 3s. to lay brother-in-law of th Sultan, was appoint d in his ste ‘All friends of it with tradesmen, he is encouraging the humanity will rejoice at the fall of the bigoted and despotie Hafiz Pacha. national industry of 4] and enjoying a greater share of To him the Christian portion of the people of Turkey owe much of the his country, its comforts ; but when severity with which they were tr ated. It was by him tl unfortunate he finds that his income is not sufficient to procure food by reason Armeni: an, of whose case so much has been said, was put ie death; and i , his money is spent only for food, and the manufacturei when his colleagues ae 1 have a 1 the poor wretch’s life, Hafiz Pacha interposed his authority to event mercy from being extended to him, rhe great majority even among agriculturists are beginning to thi ink and actually ordered his execution. We trust that this che ange is the har- upon this subject, and to underst und that landowners’ laws ari only binger of a more liberal policy on the part of the Turkish government calculated to benefit and enrich themselves at the ultimate « xpense of towards their Christian fellow-subjects. the labourer, Stenant, and the manufacturer, and pauperise a grea The Porte had received accounts from Albania and Thessaly of some body of the producing classes. [ am, Sir, your obedient servant. serious disord« rs which had broken out in those provinces. UNITED STATES. VINDEX ARRIVAL orf THE “Brrirannia.”—By the royal mail whi ch nan senive d, London, Noy. 21, 1843. files of pape rs from New York to the 16 th, Boston to th 17th, and Hali Se The Britannia was detained some to the 19th instant. have been re eived. CORN LAWS IN INDIA. honrs at the latter port by fog, after she had received the ma, which accounts for her not arriving here yesterday as expect d. She has twenty- rO THE EDITOR OF THE ECONOMIST one passengers. The Caledonia was seen on her way, between Halifax and Sir.—The — r of this para grap! 1 was educated at the b jirth-plac Boston, on the 18th, and the Acadia was spoken by the Britan nia on the f that celebrated political economist, Adam Smith, and has ever sinc: 26th, out seven days, in lat. 50, 5 n., long. 26. 40 w. The papers t teem with imbibed the acide of that learned individual. He now submits election triumphs of the different parties, though gen rally t he Whig for the perusal of Englishmen, a plan which was adopted by the E uro- majorities seem to prevail. It is, i however, as yet premature to state any peanfand native merchants, most ably assisted by the natives gener: ally aggregate result with certainty. to Tid themselves of an atte mpt made to impose this cruel and unjus : The New York and Liverpool liner packet ship Sheffield was lost off | iw upon them. There is no subject the former port whilst in charge of a pilot, in very rough weather, o1 more fully and cle arly treated of i 11th instant. The passengers were saved by great exe rtion and presence of Smi ith than the corn Jaws; and none has more convince ingly proved the benefits of mind, and the vessel subsequently got off, but with cargo greatly damaged freedom of trade, in that and all other articles, than he ; These papers bring an account of the death of Colonel John Turnbull, and yet the bold and unflinching manner with which the aristocrac y; at the age of 87. He was an aide-de-camp of Washington in the War of the principal profiters by their continuance, array their wealthy Independence, and afterwards became one of the first artists of the the Declara- phalanx against the general voice of the people, is of a most astounding United States. In 1817 the Congress employed him to paint racter:—yet, not ‘le ss astounding is the notorious fact, how quietly of Corn- tion of Independence, the Surrender at Saratoga, the Surrender the suffering people submit to their lordly at Annapolis, which misrule and absurd ascen- wallis, and the Resig ee of General Washington dency. Let not the people of England adorn the Rotunda of the Capitol at Washington. The Tromball Gallery, be too arrogant to take exam- ple by the Asiatics, at Yale College, contains fifty-five pictures painted by this great artist, a people generally supposed to be in the most and is said to be one of the most interesting collections of which the abject state of slavery. United States can boast ‘About thirty years ag , a wise and humane governor of India, in consequence of the necessities of fe state, passed an edict levying a Liverroor, Fripay Eveninc, DecemBer 1, 1843 duty on grain. The people, en masse, energetically remonstrated Corron.—There has been a good demand from the trade, and specula- tors against such an unjust law; ind we n they found remonstrance vain, have purchased very fre ely throughout the parape Prices of the com- they simultaneously closed their bazaars and mon and middling shops, and positively qualitie s of American and Surat are 4d. dearer than on Friday refused to transact any business whatever! This state of things ¢ ‘on- last; in Egyptian and Brazil there onediands. ~ Speculators have taken 10,600 tinued for about three months, when the governor, finding it useless American, 800 E gyptian and 5,600 Surat. There have been forwarded to oppose their determin ition, wa compell d to forego this cruel in- into the country unsold 740 American, 80 Bahia and 160 Surat. fringement Upon their usages, and the duty was thenceforward with- drawn, and the corn laws abolished! Thus, it would appear that a a | a ; in . n Wh le Import | Computed Stock free-born Englishmen are more abject slaves than the subjects of that i I € from Ist Jan Ist De Ist Dee despotic government J. W., is4 Brixton hill An Fast Int MERCHANT 184 1842 ; ] i 1843 de 1,218,760 b 1,134,050 } 1,4 424,550 656,980

In future pay postage Will the correspondent who returned our circular SuGar.—The demand at present seems almost exclusively confined to give us his address, or enable us to ascertain bi Barbadoes, of which 700 hhds. have been taken by the erocers, without paid r change in price; and in addition, 200 hhds. of brown Demerara and Jamaica lie are obliged to A Constant Reader and have been sold to the refiners, at rather easier rates: 2,500 bags 4 1 1 . of Bengal have . 1? . | cis = wh ch } we shall ai ul ou selves, also been disposed of, chiefly good qualities, from 66s. 6d. to 6 per cwt. Nothing done in Mauritius. Foreign:—The sales are trifling, amounting only to about 20 cases ordinary brown Bahia, at 15s. 6d. POST SCR IPT. ind a few lots of Porto Rico, in hhds. and brls. at the quotations Corrre—The transactions have been to a limited extent, without LONDON, Saturday Mornine, change in prices, and cons of 35 casks of Jamaica, 130 brls, Maracaibo, 115 bris. and bags bahia, and 160 brls of Rio. Letters from Paris up to Wednesday have arriy le..—The market continues in the same depressed state 1 i+ } Some of the papers mention that the British Amb uder, Lor GRAIN.—WHEAT fully supports last week’s rates, with a fair demand, had been indisposed for some days. parti ularly for new Irish. Ours are a shade dearer. American Fiowr is The Municipal E — in Paris terminated on Tuesday unalte red c andidate s have been in almost every Instance beaten. The are not mentioned in ie elections, the feeling i , that the result has been oR a en vreatly in favour of liberal opinions, The Duke and Duche s of Nemours h ive ari ived at Brussels. The French pape alt contain remark upon the change Ministry at Cije Economisi. Constan tinople , Which th J consider a tri umph to France, and a repara tion to that country for the execntic mn of the Armenian at Con stantinople It is said that M. de Borguenais is to leave Constantinople, and to be DECEMBER 2, 1843. Minister in Switzerland the reported illne Letters from Italy mention that there is no truth in of the Pope. His hol ness is in his usual state of health Several of t} COMMERCIAL. cardinals, however, are in bad health, and among them Cardinal Pace the dean of the Sacred College, and one of the most eminent of tl steamer ve are possession of accounts from ? } } . 7 ‘ ee . aA numb« r York to the 14tl Lult., which brings the following intelligence ee ’ Letters from Madrid, yh by persons in the French interest, s necting the s tate of their money market. in very angry terms of M. Caballero, whom they accuse of having ¢ eadlong “ot eat eteiagal revolution, and they consider it one of t ‘*An unprecedented rise in Loans and Stocks has taken place most fortunate results of the formation of Olozaga’s ministry, ] nee « ur quotations of the 30th ult.; and, for the last few days, got rid of. » transactions have been very large. The continued abundance Madrid, by the last accounts, was ina ate of great excitement, ! f money, and absence of any cause for a change, leads ec: ipitalist here being some fear of an outbreak, the tri ps were kept all night idea arms.

1eney. market, however, closes firm. Money, on ter uuporary loans, from The Augsburg Gazette states, from Athens, Nov. 13th, that the deputies 2s to 3 per cent., and for paper maturing in C0 days to four who had arrived there had waited upon the king, and given to him the months, from 3 to 4 per cent. per annum. ‘The Banks have strongest assurances of their devotedness to the throne and the we lfare of +] 1} : heavy deposits, and find difficulty, on account of “es limited the country. The draft of the new constitution has been suom) tted to the king. ‘There are to be two a rs, Viz., a senate ar ll a chamber of amount of engayements, to make use of them.” deputies, and the country is to be divided into ten provinces. The king In the Ss state of trade generally there is no new feature worthy is to chor yse the senators from a tripple list of deputies of special remark, beyond continued evid ence, im many new The intelligence from Canada is, that the question as to the seat o ways, of the inconveniences and injuries arising from the opera- Government for the United Provinces, which had excited very great and : 1 hitter controversy, is ies by the House of Assembly, by a majority of tion of the late tariff. The strong and decid a way in which Mr Van Buren speaks of his dis i} pro rb ation of the principles of 1 to 27, to be removed from Kingston in lt pper Canada to Montreal in i Lower Canada that tariff, is calculated to excite hopes that it may be modified In Ireland all seems to be calm, and will be so till the state trials again much sooner than peopl generally appear to expect ; indeed are resumed, Mr O’Connell in the interim intending to sojourn at Dery- the whole t tende ney of our informati mn inclines us to believe that

nane, the progress whic free-trade principles are muking in America We have to announce the death of ther victim of the Finnoe tragedy, is much greater than appears onthe mere surface of their politi- whom death has released from his sufferings, Mr Waller. Contrary to all eal party struggles: and we have reason to think, that when human foresight, and at a time when his friends and family co nfidently the elections are over, a practical eyidence of this will soon be looked for vard to his ultimate recovery, the dangerous symptoms having completely abated, a very sudden change for the worse took place on dis ‘Ove red, Thursday morning, and before the close of the evening Mr Waller breathed (he administration of the Customs in France has just pub- his last. The ill-fated ge ntleman h left, besides a sorri ing widow, two lished the return of the trade of that country with their colonies s0OnS, both barristers, au l, I believe . but one d lughter and foreign states in the year 1842, One of chief features in Her Majesty and Prince Albert have left Drayton Manor, amidst the the reportis the great diminution of the exports to the United rreatest enthusiasm, for Chatsworth, the seat of the Duke of Devonshire States, being less by 101,000,000 f. than in the preceding year. everal of the nobility have been invited to mect her Majesty, amongst C mnparing, howeve r, the trade of France for some years past, whom is Lord Melbourne. it has expr rienced a ¢ nsiderable inerease. subseription to the g a Tue £100,000 Leacut Funp. The re at the average amount of their trade, Fund still progresses most prosp rously Should the neig!] g 1} ows tow n ‘Taking as a comparison AT } + | follow the noble example of Viaucnester and Rochdale, which no 7 ubt says the Time S, from 1827 18536, it appears a it the commer- will raise 25,000/. they will, Manchester and the immediate district cial relations of France have assumed ‘cons iderable exte nsion. deed, this sum is now booked as quite certain. This must be called, 8. e With Europe they have risen from 8 73,000,000Ff. to 1,072,000,000F. ; most liberal—most noble. Rochdale has already raised 2,7001, and : with both Americas, 396,000,000F, to 514,000,0005, with Africa, likely to make up 3,000/. 4 creat meeting In favour of the League Fund to be held at Liver- including Bourbon, the Mauritius, and Algeria, from 62,000,000f. pool, on Wednesday next. to 143,000,000f and finally, with Asia from 96,000,000F. to At the Central Criminal Court on Thursday, Charles Rosenberg sur 51,000,000f. In the former period, the maritime trade gave rendered to take his trial on a ¢ mange of fel ony It was proved that tl and the land trade, 414,000,000F. ; in 1842, the the prisoner, and hi ul 1 951,000,000f., wife of the prose utor, — ~ 4 had eloped with to 1,525,000,000f., and the latter to taken a part of the proper ot 77 husband in household furnit ure, & former exhibited an increase | 557,000, 000f, rhe jury returned a verdic - of Not Guilty 258 THE ECONOMIST. [December 2,

The following table will show the ratio of increase with each | it is wonderful to see the crowds which throng the theatre on i : = ; ; country in particular :— { these occasions. Lach meeting is full and overflowing: vet FUROPE. each sucec sive meeting is more full and more overflowing than Francs. Francs. Per Cent its predecessor. And such cheering!

Sardinian tates Lustria 152.0004 ‘ ( iv) l nh, tire ! h il rs, €Vi nl in fa ol ea i conflict iu ! no, te hed tl r conte ny | i burst or ww La Plata and Uruguay 8 000,000 8 OO0.000 75 roarious laughte \ French of r afterwards confi 1 tha Cuba 17,00 0,000 Brazil “ 5, WHC $000,000 52 the cheerine and the laughter ln to unman hi n t 1 Peru, Chili, and Colombia 16,000,000 22 OOO 000 ill the subsequent cannonading. United States 904,00,0000 8000.00 »; Every story should carry its moral; and we may therefor SIA h pet t the cheeri f Covent Garden Theatre is a preiud 1 Bourb l Wh) ) j 100,000 it “famous vietory t hand, which, without a part of thi East Indic d ¢ 000.000 00.0 { ] ll do a million times more good, than twenty batt] F A of the N Na} hich \ ld b main ise in preventing Algeria and the Barbary Stat 19,000,000 1,000,000 9} futur nd future W rl Egypt 8 000.000 19,000,000 18 Son a +) Af ( > the | I » give a better idea of one of th Covent Garden sata t 100.000 8 000.000 C4 meet t] in we have h th rto be nl able tO do, we have th the Frencl \ I week enla l our sheet, an bv the aid of dditional eight vi eh tl tl I pre ut the I I ot he Or IST h a fu rey rt of ce of Ff) nsist- t m no of Thu evening | We inte! to not

l al I I nore sti ry its in the ] but consider if 1? to 1,491,000, ( 1 ¢ " ur 7 icl ] ce ] ly inju ice 1! t

yy) +] ] ] Lhe I \ el] l hy ( very 1 i ( f l all tl I | ] he | pi i . tra like a | ( roat, has an trade in m } ‘ I ri t ‘ vallo mall t] not n Punch | » down has done fo1 Y ne ba no Li the } h \ } M / i ) he ] + t} WS i ] of ti strong rumours that a Cal linister ha Ez) | cheering read th | f ris | i ad bh] il ’ y [It is mere] late llecting ri iin! wn nelghbourl ; .* ; ’ . . ! tle ts I nhappily both foi throughout the West Riding of Yorks] has laid an ac of public opinion before his colleagues, 1 eting the progress of tl I l ] ( fy ) { cli wh 8¢ . » ed a ; ‘ . > ‘ interests, on, have been linked rather with deficies tree-traadae p incips whl h nas mewhat startled them :—we I : ; é than with abu iTve we need not marvel at the xiety are, however, so accustomed to hear linisters being startled f the Mark Lane Express to prove that the recent harvest \ and alarmed at the state of the country + without } producing an fter all, bel the over-prodt e point On th bie effect on their polcy, that we cease to attach any im} tanee to such rumours pinion e divided: but tl who argue that the late ha: { was, on the whole, rather deficient, have | led by the POLITICAL. "= = a we } r \ ich ha prey viled 1 It Wa her 1 in i | ‘ 2 ] "+ . } Her M yesty and Prince Albert have | n Noy them farn l eems | L\ not hi i out their rain a tly and selves with the Prime Minister and a portion of stocra freely as tl J would otherw ie cone the marke has not I . The col umns of the daily nev papers are crowded with de 3 of herefore been ov ipphi d everything favourable suffering and miser re er h ke our Christianity to I adv ri¢ lT ce Neverth i pt es ¢ 1 ( rise to th our civilizati n,. yS an ur b th 01 f faction of tl] Wark Lane Expire § ihis \ k it looks on pity and of s& s of crime—1 lea racau and in its last number end irs toa unt for i portentousness and } extent—occupy our court td 7 un in ti i in Vy — the name of “custom-house frauds,” exhibit the exquisite per \ ‘ trad I D x lid tainly be disposed fection of cur executive vovernment, bli to pg 110 if W ( 1 in ] vel ti nh i p ue Kkely to be produced by the continued with which we re govern i. Th ris of Mr 0'( his associ 1 postp. i iddle of January, bu a I é on a t the « ting laws regulating tl mportati t I i ! reasil un t \ hn I rad to the intentions of ireland V 1o i! i 1 KL hana ] Ministers « nt pé [ belief in the possibility of a 3 ° ’ 7 ’ } refiecting t on i I tlt l I i 7 I rurth y cha eing made in t! laws has lately become very moral darkn¢ of our agricultural pop ti I nd to th L107 l ttributed ie ext mie ‘caution wh h commerce are not reviving so rapidly as « ted ( 1 millers have g exhibited in all their operation \\ st distr tot I t t the ¢ ting state of thing cou How long is all this to goon? ‘There is t amoun } tinu ry c leration h as light stocks, short yield, i perty in this « untry, and it is worth while for its numer ised consumption, &c.—will fail to have their accustomed efiect ; th owners to take some pains in securing it. But there i ’ lata atiore l by i¢ 1uses such as those just enumerated in cal vast population hovering round the outskirts of pauperism, or la the future r ices can therefore now be but littie depended plunged in its most horrible recesses. Gifts to tl noor | | Holder f ss, appear pretty con t that presel pri v be maint ed ( er farmers nor merchants have ex of P lice court ub ripti u ° hited much anxiety to realize; the trade has, therefor maintained th and tears for distress, are all y abl Meat firm tone if a imed towards thie e of last week, and, though th time, we keep up a system whi nents to crim transactions have been on rather a1 ricted ile, 1 ly b rs | had and multiplies the causes of over misery, to pay fully much money for good lit and yet maintain asysté and wretches For our parts we ar rry that wl d not ‘rall we wonder why there is so much poverty, and are yet ke pil ll price, 1 ti stact n thre W hk Lane Eapri ; wal er ; : 2 ' up a system wuich corrupts OULCLA } colimerciai monoul In eneral ty, im peciall in commercial circles, w cheats the revenue, and stints the community W hat would may mally hear int yent men Idily avow their cor Hudibras say to our le rj lation ? That we viction, tl in the actual circumstances of the country, a good Compound for sins we are inclined to, harvest rather a calamity than a bl no \ iIngenuous By damning those we have no mind t l rvert such an opinion into an accusation Happy, hap] y; glorious Eng] ind ity and wisdom of the feeling upon which i re TI enongh ie ceeds from t] The Anti-( orn-law L ) ) thei i 1! t] } ( oT ¢ } I il meetings”? in Covent Garden Theatre on Thursday eveni legislation: who feel that tl ean | no ttleme) f our Nothing can more strikingly demonst1 the hold which fre¢ ait ] witl 1 the adopt mm, at one ul for ever, of larg trade opinions have now gained over the public mind than these nd comprehen principles; and who, knowing the mischief meetings. It is “a great fact,” were we to adopt the hearth produced by mere palliativ: which prolong the disorder t} sneering, and contemptible style in which the Times at on seein to assuage, W ruld rathe r ee the que tion et ft recognises and depreciates the League, we might roll up our throug h the operation of hort but salut ry pang than alter eyes, give a scrap of school-boy Latin, mak: hysterical ital effort nating through years of seareity i and abi indance ending, at to giggle and be funny, and tell our readers that the last meet- last, in the conclusion at which we must inevitably arrive. ing, though a “‘great fact,” was the same as usual, all Cobden, We cannot, jiowever, adopt the sentiment: fer, even sul Cobden, Bright, Bright, corn law, corn law. Yet though the posing that ourdast harvest had been a very deficient one, and performers and the topics are certainly pretty much the same, the consequent rise of prices and sudden drain of bullion, to 1843.] THE ECONOMIST.

have ave pre pressed with with such at severity rity on o1 the Le country — as to compel the | ian Tae ai Tury-ovrt.—Asnron-unpER-Lyy The strik : . assembling of Parliament for the expre purpose of re-modell i | | weavers V still L continues; ti t] the conseque ee iO titel: Ta . = . ; | put I - ; —— vhicenh ha ( ing ; the » corn cor laws we and anc of o ; ann ppiying free-trade . principles ae to every Deane | maste} nm connection with the sixteen firn 3 pre VI ; 1 into effect on Saturday even est. and : ; article of importation, we shi uld dread the experiment for +t} their notice we neonle walki ' : ie . . ; i ’ UES 000 Ww people walking idle through the streets On Tu sake both of the constitution and of the or it bulk of 7 + people. It is a fearful thine for such a countrys t} ea So aed SS ne» vhen J. M L acaresst hel propriety or a deputat D } ted to f ee ; Shree gested the ! ers of th spel thro t the town ate . . il accustomed Cus = i to the ui pect spectacl Cie OT its I¢ isiature re edyvi oO} al

‘ Ce} i I ym WwW ? } } evils only eo under : the operation I of terroi ual dl ¢ — } ISLOT . i . | : +] l-loom a taal } ) t that, if tl ! t j te} hatn changes effected when a peopl re brought to the ] * d , . a iti el : i , v4 ‘ \ ( Ol nla ; = 1 | he cftinted. ihe ; are pregnant with ploy x pl ) exhaustion and endurance, ‘ y +} } : 9 t ‘ i t { e 1 2 > ! i els | Ii } d Dul } ’ 1 wt : It ; is thi la t straw : which break til e ¢ Lie i ye th tional drop ina fall cup 1 , n rfloy Rael . z : ° ’ eC i i y if kor ti ithe ‘ P vw a | ’ , t ; } l { } ++ ++] 4 } i ch . of the } bere 4 v.05 have perfect a | faith im the certain and even ne adoption of free-trade princip} in our leoislat , oug] | ut b f } ‘ : tn perfectly aware of the pron of the great bulk of les the ¢ ( rk, consisting of to evade rather than to face the true causes of their troubles, | pa ee ne senoteg? r of . . ; : : ° ( cal Hat 101 ef 3 thé ; p ry l ror iy mpier i satished that pubhe opinion in tl] col we feel » striped shawls have ) } ’ hl ud 1 i ] } } 5 AMUSE Y | y (he tartan work and Ro embued with ind notio? bet | manv hand ind thare has hea heon en & a 4 ! : llr dema } thoroughly . and . permanently ° . Aint i —_— t I there « Phis variety of work is found eful when ‘ ¢ : we would rather have their final triumph to spring from i a . I ! A ° ° pressure of necessity, under | ’ factul beg t their } tinued discussion, than from any } } } ‘ 1 Ios . . , " t ot which the condition of the labouring community micht | come to aid the ers belore ( : 1 } : : : . , ] i deteriorated, oo as to be alm tft ey pevone t rv \ r Y (; MAN | E Duty ow Ire | at ah Fi ‘ — on iron ¥ ‘ we a contraction of the amom p | dated 2Ist Nov., 184 r ity ) I ad The root of our distré . is } il Pies : g : : i ha eparated | t supply ; that contraction iccompal ed with many other eyils, | el = the meet it Berlin s [ ° ior nt th middie ] of { De when hen ¢ thei ‘ will . 1 collateral and subsidiary ulden alterations of price in the | 4 : ue to r separat atin avtiol D hciaias el . a } fina ( It pears t ; n the | mark y | place a duty on iron, metal, & 1) ne per ¢ i] 10s. ner to f s contracting the abil t » CO 1 restore the bal eC, 1 1 iron an increase of duty of 3 mak i I I . | ] ¥ aie } \ I re t i the by an abundan oe hyn Harve i Oo! y regular suppl { ) ( \ I »eu nm t t i { so tha i | ll | { avy } i) L Be vernment abroad, { ‘ 1 + { } ° ° : : : . . ; I and immediately the home 3 rket 1m \ r is tl ’ 1 In core Piptek 9 . Ro a Ja y, 1844, but will be Fe y or March. o aed of the whole matter, turn 1 l i \ it 1 i t f sabi } ; ; } , , ? 6 tne A VT eve | ] . ‘ 1 i , the : fed ne hh ‘ tu 5 I, DINBI 1 AND GLASG« Rat I th of i con ner ol ] ] iu i 1 i> S| { i l Novem r 25, 184 P 3 the large f any single finished | 1:45 ( riage I l UX } the larevest \ t ha t] world ] . 10d i I Vz : ish } 1s] } is « nly } n t 1 a t 1 : : I i The mai f 1 but more than rest of | put ‘ eu T } m oy i } . A i ~ 47 y neverthelk + i t rl eountry \ l] ) 2 down pI 3 il x } l j . OF i ] l ilety + fr i ( that K ep at tl time | yoal I : nt on t c} ’ ’ a et rgel 1 ty i ’ Al «ill - : te azett indifferent indiffor harvest, ee in this ' vari 1y ind ou l . 1 climate « i Sill ae ; ron t1 ) ES ( . : a ale } I RisE or Wa . oe , has ours, is more than we present venture to jJ2 predict. i l J] ut ( ; 1 ¢ & hle dis tent het the ¢ ] 1} } ; Acrabile a nrent ‘ he hand and I n mar anotber really 1 hat + | f ] 7 IVLUCL ai 5 ‘ if i oH! ‘ u id LI if I nor re i l ‘ I i ‘ rel af ts unequally the pi of goo whe » the than merely sealing the fate ¢ sur Robert Peel sliding ! ket f \ powe! rw t . ame Gl ak ce 1 laf, } . 3 weay ye ad ti } Rcale, 29] JIT Mr (riadstol 1) rena 1c \ not ft 1h i-100n weaver I t hormel 1aqa . , 7 14 tine latter 2d. ) in y +1 the Lilt in + the one « advance be jud rec hy last year, Which wa u very per ili nd exti L f Sd, per } und in the f only ordinary year in it easonal and itherly chat 1] ma & ail of On this ac it led that the | \ wer. sonia ta S at 4 1 no! f . , may Z ly * 1 ime of tie } nt year, rit b Heen ¢ i I ul rer come into t mal pon une t i] . Runt , : 7 ’ pres ari | ut Zin) nd \ retain VV « 1 i i | 1 f wage Had pposit i b 1 = 7 , 1 ‘ } . . en ~~ . “ ’ # 1 7 i } y, the dispa ity hav een greater weather at ri ik pel { - a t law, mu of th 5 be attributed the fact that tl ulators in for have Excrisn AnD Betotan [ron.—In consequence 1D : of the I Chs At t o dé eiro t 1 1 their a eflorts for a 1 But the vi f Se eee af Mt Rio de Janeiro, tl y on been baffled : ; in ; all Deig ! is | I juced to & € l ty wit t 1 T) ] 7 } - : y rou that the law till encoura l ! 1a u t LAUTY i gian 1 wa I ) per cent. | I sse ° & y la > rise in pri up to th pel 1 of ry J ? 4 I tr LivERPOOI | ! t j demnat 1 o1 the ¢ nl ( LOZ, t { urh ee \ \ Pi , ] : wuctiol u : , au tora pro tO & GTeatecl nt, or ¢ | ri J * j I ¢ : ee] 628 7 ‘ 1 ( the és 4,1 7 1 1.370 “ : 4} yf 1 I ! vear. pric July 7 till near the n : ! | ‘ } F ] VaALLLY unit Lif I t W r would st s A ‘ 1 ° ° * . M x \ iii th ua i é } L ¢ t r} | nI FLANNI j er. we t no } r | , ! t] 1] 1 : n < ry, and t insa I el Peel's law ; and hat abu ted Phe manufactur paying higher wa 1, owing to continuou ipply 1 he afforded to the ] le of Grea ci ted ee ee , ‘ aid continuous and steady com- , a ear Se nea D t I i Y Britain, before they can taste of ° . i i rs A COUPIeC Tit enas veehno . . mercial prosperity ind general they have refused to sell without rhere |] been but litt ing in the wool market, and no variati { . 1 . OCA oO ce A (ee . MTSE a a pF.—In reference to the saie « \ Yr in | f eee — AT j ’ 13 . , ry iat 1 rade, trade, has has published pudiishe : ai tte , SHOW howis the } ‘ iT ‘ 4% . 7. «qt f ip T) J,’ ’ q of foreign provisions —‘* Since the new MISC ELL \ VLE 5 UO i 1X \ UW is. umption the de nd for foreign provisi f sufficient) y are sor? 1 to suit tl eneral pur] f shipping ABERGAV! y—Duit Sra E & Iron Tranr.—We 4 , tl e reat ¢ You will, probal he be to understand, from the purport of vé on inications received f ! ! reased t form OF l ) e der nd vhen we ate, that pward 1 two different parts « f t iron districts, tha the I pec ot further am to } not vod at pre as it w "1 thousand "CK f American beef have been sold, toge r wi ar ment in this important bi ° ¥ e } . y 7 : Archangel, and Jvonigsberg, wh sa % have time past; indeed 1 1 | hf i l tities of H iburg, « ted through the regular broker months existed, an ( 1 off undoubtedly a eat } f € satisfa tate, have been beef |} not been accumulated stocks, is subsiding, and, it is feared some unfore 1 el I | of prime quality nd, up to t present me; for a conside qu it order arrive vel o1 the wo hich are at it manufact f jual to tl | be now disposed of with facility in t} busily will be obliged to curtail their mal Should such event o | in addition to the former, could With respect to the disposal of provisions by ] ) i n, it the relapse will be seve ly felt by the } rkm } ire stl t } I them in that way, ‘ lity lost by t! which had I 7 ) | tice of the trade to offer fling to recover the ground unlit foi he existed; but it fearful ( Insane | y of depend pon tl by the provision merchants, home market solely for consum] 1, and shutting out, by unw t ve | nex \ the shipowners. f ‘Texas to tl United Stat till be a foreign buyers, wl n} lly ¢ ha r prod f oO } I laws, form a prominent ect of om iron. How many thousands more are to perish, it may bi te scheme, and w it id, nnal message, t d t first usked, before tl mischief-ma r 1 le is al h / i la 1 the Pi lent } eek in December f ime ‘ i ction The powet ym ‘ in the en f | Mr Websterr had mad iother ¢ t speech \ ITurn-our or WeEAvVI { sai slight l 1eeting st Massachusetts, but it d t posse 1 Mr Beaumont, Auster! 1 lett the \ ‘ sat ia for a wy int t vance of wave h an 5 Lond has bee | \[ECHANICS INSTITUTION Che twenti TRADE IN Ant I In th Quay trace 1 eral ] ics’ Ih itution was celebrate lon Tuesday ! ( Chis } ! » small e const en n the recent sec j M proving which proved s t é sion from the Established Church, from the fact of there being no ft } the 1eatre, the progt of | it was filled at eight o’clock, and u irds of two |! ] 1 than ten or twelve commod l hurche some of them hand ie fabi were obliged to go aw I I in course of erection i e are likewise several joint-stock comp | could 1 he accommodated, our best and most popular English singers, namely, Mi proposed. A gun vder manufactory is to be est blished onthe banks ofthe | names of me of Miss Flower, Miss Dolby, Mr Hobt Mr Leffler, Don; a building association upon an extended scale hasbeen announced; | Rainforth, Miss Poole, | and that host in himself Mr John Parry; besides those of f Mr Deacon, Mx and the » formation of a company for the more effectual prosecution of tne Tull, who gave solo performances on the pi yioiin, a1 d white fisheries—a branc! 1 which, on this soast, is, through the bounty of Patey, and Mr Providence. well fitted for extension flute ecember 2,

MISCELLANEA. tion of a Roman wall, at about four feet from the surface, and which ex- tended in a direct line across the squar fi rom east to west. It was about Rraats or WoMAN IN THE Unrrep Stratres.— ‘ighteen feet in depth, and four and a half feet in width. Pieces of rennes have passed a law to secure to married wom Roman pavement were also met with. In one part of the square a work- man dug up asquare plate of metal, one side of which had a polished sur- é joyme! t of, their own property. It provides that a } 1 ’ which was unfortunately broken, A quantity of pottery was hill e undisturbed control of her own e: ulso found n Dur in ‘T'yefoot lane a narrow passage leadin; before It prevents her property from passing out of her hands, on mar- ge, by mere operation of law, without her consent |} out of Queenhith o Fish-street hill where a vel is being formed, the men came against three Roman walls, at about ‘feet from the surface, WRoNGS OF Womay.— tia law of Rhode Island do not ¢ | extending in pal llel lines vd t about tv feet distance from each females from performing mi y dut and I t confined for disobeying the said law | oO i th tbout f i lepth two external walls were | about four feet in width, and thi ier « about seven feet wide. They Tue OverRLand Mariz.—The following notice is posted at the Jerus | to be of a circular form They were so firmly constructed as to Coffee-house :—“ The outward overland mail is di ned till the 6th of December.” parated and broken by an iron wedge. : Promissory Nores.—An o t] verave are e an ‘ | RIAL OF LieEUTENANTS Munro ann Granv.—The trial of these issory not ble to rer on demand j been arranged bet 1 counsel to take place at ten o’clock | to-day. " The authorities of the War office had compelled the accused in the Unit id ( oli those « ted the |] igland, by yank l by joint l E I | to irre! r, On pain of torieiting their commission Mr The iger, Queen’s Counsel, with Mr Bodkin and Mr Clarkson, have been retained s, by the banks in Scotland, by tl Ireland, and by all oth for the iefence; and th Attorney-General, the Solicitor General, Mr [re 1; and of the avera ) in t RB k Adolphu Mr Wad and Mr R. Gurney, will represent the England, du r the four w KS ¢ i i iy of N l ( n Ti rial appears to excite the most lively interest amoug i t to the act 4 and 5 \ 1, cap. o0V ENGLANI > of hn 19,554,000/.; | te bar $,904,57 1t-stock ba Is the I ital ci and ! icatio have been made to e sheriffs by p ms of h k tor tickets of admission to the Scott Chartered priv und joint-sto 3,2.945.0 —_ LA 1 Old ¢ [he ul hy iesses to be ¢ mined for the pro Bank of Ire 3,511,475 t ck | gs, 2,4 | secution; and it is current j ted that me extraordinary circum i l, 36,634,442 sull 11n ngland, 12,025,000 Parisn or Sv Mriiprep Wednesday evening av W tra e tha thro mie vddit 1 light ‘up 1 the meetil vas held at the p St Mildred, Poult S ol ‘7 ca ‘ } urrsé aa a aaa clit tactical aia lary, ¢ ylechurch, t onsid yf making a church-rat i to appoint a es to M vy coroner, who | l expre h btion «¢ resig x ti rh A ra t fo rpe | i L MARKETS. i the pound was granted. M1 | ted to the o e of vi eee < rk upon tl leat of |] % “m t or DD LS2Z Fripay NIGH’ During the tw vy ve wl i had ela; l e } up t ] | INDIGO I d i f t om the London warehouses endeavoured to disch » his duties co ‘ y, and he l t the month of N mber t yea ré follows for the home trade earn that the p risl ners had approved « \ tI had de Mi com | to resten his office on acconnt of his anthon ta ant isl ests, for export l, s chests; total 2,499 chest arainst 2,322 chests | November, 184 he t k int ume | 1 warel 5 are } fessional duties incomp ) th its r te < A vot ‘ } | 1) mber, 1843 1,8 f which there at omewhat more vas then ps sed \I Pay) who acknow lved t ( i j } t 1 11,000 ches in first | , and the remainder, say upwards of John Ale l leag 5 ¢ ted his sues | 10,000 chests, have passed the q erly sales, and are consequently in second Govi ‘T Epucatrron.—The Privy Cor 1 ] orde 1 the ] ha I I followi ta ive Cie particu ! of the deliveries of ol t first Industrial School under the new 1 of ed tion to | » from Lond ¢ 3 du r the first eleven mouths of the pu 1 forthcoming report. ‘I t 1 lat ] ear Liv pool, from the desig of Messrs Locl l i A for the suppo id educat of tw iundred child led into class T t DOYS i giris ] ul re rema t i } of rangem ind capab tl mast s a 1 supervisio { el ‘ ye ent he S ‘ ma\ fo lof tl t sed t ( ( Che Chest } by the mas ya cover upwards Of six ac Ik4 7 14,14! l Lonp W. Pace Lorp CARDIGA rh mf p 2 R02 18,044 26,8 ‘ has been set do yr trial int Common Pi f t ensu t Be < . 16,928 25,4 tings after term | 184 l4 16,371 24,7 PoLice ror Curna.—lt is not, pei S, re ully t 839 i 14,674 22,444 intention of Government to send out to Ho Kony t \ t | BIR Q { 18.784 . Q poli and twelve privates; the general corps to sel lf } - { 12.35 =95 25.978 ves there. The inspectors are to be allowed 400/. px ul 42 13,410 21,833 22,25, ie New Micrrary Cap.- long-talked-of vm ! infantry of the line, after many “ patterns rotesque s 7,0) 14,01 ai,' 22,306 ; J { S l 2 S45 29,446 i ’ a nost g T Majests ' tla re le led ts bv next ring lt It w } seen t 3 b »,000 chests less \ Ww ey +2 but th proportion is not so ti patente t { t f t \ It is tho ht t the falling oft ¢ It. I fa + t much t onsequence of a diminished consumption, than vG } r 4 ne t ) parts f the continent, who draw ~ t 7 S < t ! { r | l s tl in former year y { 1 | va ‘ t 1 l tl Ve I of this year not e) oy l ‘ it eon the tinent bei rather unsettled, has j op Russ j is trade ai n gr stocks, t from that very reason we rently t I ) lav ¢ ect a | b ( f tl t ) in the early part limport—namely, t t { xt ye from f suffice stocks at ral privat ral copie home, 1d a reve cl ma the nt t of India, the prices to | expects ] JtUuss yy t} t January si e likely to rule from 20 to 25 per cent. lowe he ! 1s t t beg : g tt esent j The home trade shows a a n strik y ot rut t und f | t Indi ndigo, which, however, I ope { T' SI sh ind oO more con- yed in the annot n t Woniteur that King Lo u ve rdered for all h coy s of a work \ ( lea S I ol oth a ( | sale of a few chest severely with Russia, and whi Emperor and t W R ] } l t} pre ietors re of | rger pal els, lat the nation have declared to be the begi I to tl I re) s { ino crit of ai n ket ( that ma ffront 1 appear the more is and intentional, when it shall eed ak GA per te. feos 2 nd fine, and full 6d. per Ib. less fc) borne in mind that the Marquis de Custine, an avowed Legitim 1d 1 kk i tha t L\ i of tl pI p id at the last look« as a personal enemy of the King.” An im} ion is gene here Fre nch and British Governments are p riectly in ace 1 \ ele 3,561 nst and determined to act together in respect of Russian intrigue and R 2,890 serons, Ist Novemb 1842 I is 1 loing ‘ ambition. Late events in Greece said to h Ll med bot} nut but 7 | have nduced a « bined resolve ray dy et tl inger ere it l f I mproved, and prices ‘are become truly formidable.— 7'imes TALS Che } 3 §4s., block 67s qt REVENUE OF JAM 1.—The annual 1 e of Jama | y ma ed I iS i J cal taxes of the different und parish vestric 3 estimated a Ba is i irge purch \ been made, a yur ng together to | t 4,00 l t 60s. to ¢ | the f er, and 58s. for the latte 600.0001, It sustains its own it, and its « 1 naval nd | Os. to 17/. 15s., price tending military est ! (the of the bishop and chdeacon « Eng vod ual revenue to the crown of 10,0007. The uy ard | t 22/, 10s. to 2 i the bell buyers at the former ve to the pub generally, but « spe uly pi pal of them are the land tax, thes UGARS Refined: T market for home-trade goods has continued de- uges not used in agriculture fi heavy, and lower prices are accepted; but for export there is a good ax of twelve per cent. « t im of mand, and rather higher rates ar equired. The British plantation mar- nd horned stock ; road tax rece y et 1 a sinthe same lar ; 2 te i me time past; the s enacted, which levies one dollar, or 4s. Id. per annun ‘ male 30! during the week are about 1,500 cs, and in some instar prices are from sixteen years to sixty. As they have been raised with little regard I Mauritius: 952 bags and 46 casks, in public sale to-day, justice and the pecuniary ability of the public, so have they been consisted of ull lots, and most ferior qualities, v hich sold at about dered with the most reckless extravagance. Thus, in addition to the pre S ( Of Bengals, thr pul lic il bro ht forwa d have been 80,0001. absorbed by the national church, t of tl ic tablish rath mer ounti to 5,624 bags; the inferior qualities went ment amounts to 56,400/. per annum, and of the immigration sche c! pel the beginning of the week und towards the close the middling to not less than 30,0001. per annum. From the report of the ec nd ¢ vod sorts likewi e ls to ls. 6d. lower, but fine have been tolerably 70s. 6d.; low and mid- } wing the ways and means, the income of the island for vell s |. viz.—good and fine white 65s. to estimated at 427,0001., and the « xpenditure at 363,000/, leaving an lling Gd. ; middling to fine yellow 57s. to 60s.; grainy sorts 61s overplus of 60,000/.; thus, as was said officially by one of the members of to 64s. 6d.: ordinary to fine brown 3. to 53 185 bags Madras, ordinary the legislature, obviating the necessity that was supposed to ¢ t for an to fine bre went at 51s. to 5! busin shas income tax.—Jamaica: Its Past and Pres State. COFFEE.—The market generally is dull and inactive, little Roman Remains 1n THE Crtry.—In the course of excavations making been done ] privately, andthe pub! brought forward have been of limited n for a sewer in Bridgewater square, Bar the men found the founda- tish West India, nothing yorthy of notice has been oflere d 1843.) THE ECONOMIST. 26 —

Mocha is very flat; 100 bales and 50 chests in public sale met few offers, | Conn EXCHANGE, FRIDAY Dec. 1.—The weather has t 1 unse 1 again and only a small part sold, viz.—fair long herried sort 75s. 6d. to 76s. fine clear days. The arrivals up to last aight, when the ret was mad Ceylonus: There has been little inquiry, but holders are firm, and little is t oO t ! everal ¢ ter t up, ar € i pretty f Barley and Oats. No pressed on the market. 531 bags offered in public sq] sa e, consisted chiefly of altera W Mor Bar lull Triage and Garblings, which sold at I§ . 6d. to 35s. 6d ; afew good ordinary t il t are ing } r rrivals Oa at n were bought in at 60s., 59s. being refused i t t re 1 still lL ba f large r a Beans I I ‘ J r ill, Canada 31 COCOA, both British Plantation and Foreien, is fl RICE.—The demand for Bengal is less brisk ; 4,112 bags have bee offered in public sale, about two-thirds of which sold rather cheaper, viz LONDON AVERAGES, 10s. 9d., th good middling white at an average of remaiiie ler was low I the week ending December l. white, and bought in at 10s. 6d W at farl Oat Rye. Beans. PIMENTO is teady, but little is offes 1 ind the tran t are u 3,874 ar 2,633 qrs. 20,954 qrs. Li4 qrs. | 837 important. 4s 33s. 4d, 19s. 6d 2s. lid. | Is. ile

PEPPER.—Black Sumatra continu to be inquired for, and is hel IMPERIAI AVERAGES, for higher pri es, at which small parcels have been ] 3.482 ba Ma Whea Ba Oats. Rye. Bear Peas. labar offered in public sale to-day consisted chiefly of which sold cheap 3jd.to 32d. ; half heavy 4 at 34d. to 3! Vi 5 er .. . s da s a: a s s. d. 70 bagslow middling white sold at 49d., being rathex 0 - ] ) i 7 0 Q 0 20 ” l j N : 5 ) } 17 «8 30) ; 31 I 32 10 CINNAMON continues steady, and the market is : s « 8 7 1 7 29 «0 l $ 10 CASSIA LIGNEA has been in some request privately 19 boxes, i ° - 1 ) is ) ) , t { 0 public sale to day, 1 with spirit, and 1s. to 2s. higher: vod midd 5 ( $ 8 Jl 0 5 2 i t 0 ° 5] 0 ] 19 0 S y 4 ; 7 6ls. to 62s. 6d.; ordinary and low midd r 53s. ( to 57s one lot i 69s. 6d. gregate of th weeks dl I 7 8 4 il . =e CLOVES.—10 casks old Amboyna w houcht in at] 1. st T) 6+} ] i 0 ~ 0 i] 10 6 ‘ad ‘wer MACHE.—29 casks have been offered in publ but only part of t] On Gray B. PB 3 a4 aa 5 melded itoft | € - ) t zZ 0 ) 9 ) ] 0 better sorts found buyers, viz., good 1 fine js. to 3s. 2d.; ordinary bought in at 1 d. to 2s. 1d gn, 12s. Od. per 196 lbs—B Possession, 3s. Od. ditto. NUTMEGS.— packages in pul e were star nart taken o 5 igndianwe-as SMITHFIELD MARKET P pretty freely ; rood brown 4s. 3d. to 83 7d.: common shrivelled and unsound se Ay.—A r Kk $ 1 ¢ t from tI ictivit t t Dutch bought in at 6s. 1d., duty paid f r for Belgium rh i I i SALTPETRE.—The ket ’ ght t Le 1 N e, Whit 1 i other ther ¢ r stat s } priv ite wices have b en accept 1 € e the ca » the In NITRATE O/] lt i } : h a done at rather lower pri | f te it The COTTON market is firm und ti lay yrve bu € s € irl i i 1 Dé 5 f t bD j fi expe ease The accounts re this rning by the Brit

up t the 15th of N« 0} ri vy favourable asto t] ternal trade of RID ) i j } t t if the Union. The manuf turer are extren \ I ind it is expected } t M ) Not that the consumption of cotton in the United State ft t! easol ' ' f tra r barely + | exceed 400,000 bales Stocks we ivaln J pir 5 ind « erably 1 ¥ € i wa vancing in value Money obtainable at 2) to 3 percent cording to th nature of the security ‘Excl uy Lond 1074 to 108 per cent i « t wa A The reports of the cotton crops are till contrad ory, and even more various than those previously given; nce they state that there are as Pr rs At Market , good grounds for supposing that the produce may be under 1,800,000 bales, - M — a : M ~ Friday as that it may be more tha 000,000 bales The } es of cotton were s 1 ] Be 4 658 high, and above its 1 tiy ilue in European market hipments fo1 5 dy 4 4s 4d Calve 16? Europe progressing slowly \ to 4 { j Od S | 9 } gM) P t Sd to 4 0 Pig $35 410 The news received from tl continent of Euro} t the bes ing of the week, mention but litt luctuation in the val P Hay and § » per load of duce At Havre the demand for cotton and indig I ) l ( r, 4/. Os. Od. to 5 ) Straw, i 1], 18s. Od.

whilst for coffee and sugar there have been purcha ( OAL MARKET Hamburg considerable purchases of brown sugar l of th irk Fe im | f 1 6d.— Holland, at a slight advance on that which was ol \ i i, 14s. ¢ Ord’s Redheug l i.—' J Brazil. Coffee was fully maintained, and the demai d was unabated At t W W l i Elm par -G I Amsterdam prices were generally firm, but busine was circumscripes H l 6d,—Nev —I th, 1 l.—I 2 Cas At Antwerp the direct arrival of coffee from Java hi id rather lessened the I f Har l ( I l Qu ] i.— Barret demand, whilst Brazil was sought foi In ar less doing. on account of 5 s D 18 St H ] 17 1.—S r 18s, 3d.— I J § ‘ H \ 5 r é some cargoes having arrived from t] Havana, lL fturthe arrivals expect d. BOROUGH HOP MARKET PRICES CURRENT, Dec. 1, 184 I k f € ri} H ly East K 1 t } i l 5 PR Sates eee : PRICES Kent h ; ENGLISH FUNDS . mA FORE N FI r ! vA THIS DAY

India Stock - ~ - - . Belgian Bonds a 3 per Cent. Red - . i Brazilian B — THE GAZET T &. 3 per Cent. Cons M a} ( in Bor 6 per Cent _ per Cent. Annuity, Is ( umbian B 6 per ¢ t 4 per Cent. Red. - : $ Is2t - : New 34 per Cent. Aunuit LOS Du 5 per Cent PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED Long Annuities : 124 Ditt per Ceé k ange | \ e, ( et, Twickenham, t ! J and | Annuities, terminable July, 1850 Guil. . ; G. \ Duk tr L 5 wark, J rs F. J. Rol s and India Bonds 3 per Cent. : 7 Y Me n Bonds, 1837.5 ner Ce B J. ¢ W Cad B st t, Exchequer Bills 191 + nm Peruvian Bonds, 6 per Cent = I ( ( = rs 3 per Cent. Cons for Account - ¢ Po eo, ( t. Converte VW 1 orkshir Bank Stock for Ac« nt : - is Ditt Cenr. Dit lary 8.3.P B D i Br ! —A. Store issian Bonds, 1822, 5 per Ce Elizaheth S t D \ kshire nkeepe -R. F. M J. Boyle “nar RB 1 I r Ce t 1H.R Dert H rford West 7 I . r ( t ; t J. P. Dick a) f R L Dit Def ed ] Ditt Pas . rw I e. K Kers M

CORN MARKETS } nM G l i t W.B l 1 A. M‘Crack Cor EXCHANGE, Monpbay, N 2 ‘ wit rink I ) I f condition of the E1 iW \ the tow n t t € Bar nee harve has been a t \ ! D ( uy upplies of Old Malt hav ( N f k i W iss rus I 1G. G i I dull eat last Mon ‘ Ty Oats are ( ( rR » © Db bur tract the attention of the distill I veight, t Barley Be re f \ Pe I {tl n I eat N BANKRUPT I BRITISH. Per Q ER Q PARSLOW, C., B Wheat, Fssex, Kent, Suff)k hite ts t )s| Wheat, W s a I ARSON, W.., ¢ I Cat l ; - plur r | I henna ~ Lothian, Fife, A1 ,a " H D t i D'INNAGE, W a I I I el -——— Inverness, Murray, & ) Mixe -| 58 BARNES. G., Portsea, | B yy Ola - Essex, Kent, suff red Rost 8 { D —— Cambridge, Lit . l - 0s to 3 — lan r LB D square Barley, English Malting, and Che . ! sh O t to 54s GOODWIN, 1 l ] - "Ist H B valier Cres Jewin —— Distiller's, English & Scotch | 30s to 34s I n 5s to 37 BATES, J., ¢ I i S ~— Coarse, for grinding, & to 29 Ba Ma I P BR Jats, Northumberland & Ber Is to 23s - D - ROBINSON, ¢ ( rx ( Lot n, Fife, Ar - to 235 | ————- ¢ ) T Murray, Ross . 0s to 2 Oats, B ’ I ‘ » B ’ - Aberdeen and Banff - Ys t 5 Pola »& - t DEAKIN a8 \ | JONES. T. W., W ‘ © ~—— Caithness - : Is tos Feed, & - - Ist 1) ck | S . Cambridge, Lincoln, &c. lYst s D ried, Riga 1st PARSONAGE, L., B — Irish - ° ° ° 17s to 19s | Rye, Dried ° _ ~~ IIERS, W | t S ic ( ( -—— English, bla 18s to 2] Ur - ° : —— Irish 9 - - - | 17s to “ls | Beans, Hor - . ts to d8s DECLARATIONS OF INSOLVENCY — Potato, Scotch e s to Vis anne Whe ter? ean . t Is St P pianof —B.1 — -_ Irish - - 19s to 2¥s | Peas, Whit - t [. Scotcher, Seymour place, ld G s f J B.S —— Poland, Lincoln, &c. - - | 2st { uae we - -| 36s { IIu { 1B W Beans, Ticks - - 80s to 32s | Flour, Frer I Yen) net ( B K ( lL. Crewd ge La gar I —— Harrow - - to 47 weight - - ( ( ( ( et, Sol ] t S. 1 VW im green- rent.— is to 38 ican, per Bar. | 8 M \ pe Ki. I Nort riand street, Ma ; - Small } M leas, White - « . Sst ( t B 1 I tailor W. V I Chest r —- Boilers . . 7s to » &c+y do. . r butcl W.c. ( Hox Flour, Town-made Households 50s to 5 ay 1 is t ww Norfolk and Suffolk « - | 40s to 42 ame SOUT, ‘ _- =

EEO 262 THE ECONOMIST. [December 2, A - IH 1alph, Edward medical pupi Heard, S se, Devons! East HART, J., Quadrant, Regent street, tailor. [Teague, Crown court, Cheapside ‘ ; ; ld, tailor.—J. Potts, Prest} : \ ate ELLIOTT, R W., = it ‘ | ats - Compton street, | { i Clerkenwell, silversmith. (Evans, Lincoln’s-it aa ayaa ailh Jaad ahead FR ts, 7 \ - = royd, Robert ee town SMITH, daha J., Darenth, Kent, carpent fripp, Gray's-in R. Mors Northa square, Clerkenwell, sel flannel on cor WILLIAMS, ¢ I Co., Bow-cht rd H I j l —J. § W f TONE, W., I H Vi b, I i 1 I , bull ( D ( 5 >t id, Ea es LOW] ; | ‘ Cox l t | Poul I l i : H¢ tos : eh eae JONI -* Carna j Lt i ind > hampt G pa —J. H [ S I : ( , ne J. Si FAWCETT, T., and MUIR. J., He ( 1 Tyler

DIVIDEND —_— Weide , DECLARATIONS J \ Vi¢ ¢ I INSOI ILVENCY NC} er [ G S i vard, navy agent.—D ber 22. W. § J. Hilton, M Somerset r A. Br r, Little Carter lane, Doctor L ) t J. Swann and J Ke y, I twood W Lan ul furris A. L Manchester 1d agent.—W. Roberts, Wickwar, Glou ece 9 r.J B ‘ay ‘ r r.—D t e, fa oe \ Elst Hertf e, f ~—P. F. Foucher 0. T I ( x r— —D 2 oO ( ( 5 a , Cc 1 1 r | H t ' rd 1 pl place. I Pir ( : ~] I H.C. H 8 ( § Cler rk.—T. Longh i D.D Der ‘ ' f RB { ry e, S tor. and, J ale aa I La i J Live CERTI ‘TES k.—H. Bugbird O G.G. V K ~C. Coate , ; J \ H ; H. P H. Summer Tiford, I ) 19, J. 7 Sell, ‘ ] s ( : rc. } y.W nat aa I ( t a I R n, 29 WY Ww e( i 3 Kent J. P. Bridgnell, ; t I \ I S i ! -W. H ser W se ; De ( . D.I ] t f ent.—

Ww. ] x, i | ' m { H } J ie den ( SEQUESTRATIO> S 3 I l f J I i f I y } a F ( r—J.M son, I irgh, painter.—J. : Gibs ; S ( r ow Tillik I ‘ I —J. M'D Park me : ¢ 7] ; I . J : \\ Wa } @ I m, G 6 ont. & 4 ] ire

ADVERTISEMENTS. ITHOGRAPHY.—DRAWINGS of every | ROWLAND’S ODONTO, si a tior ' m Stone and Z ted j , ' THEAT YAL, ENGLISH OPER & (; su a RED, rs ee CLERK’S CNT, 08 GENERAL HIGH HOLBORN LITHO. >} ARI t DENTRIFI PRIFICE, Mo JULLIEN'’s N 47 SFRIES OF CON RTS asl Ss “M I I PECIALLY PATRONISED RY {. JULUII N« I “pal ge T otters Fa ‘ I iE MAJESTY “TH QUEER VI JULLIEN ] ic | 1our to announ A t t H. R.H. PRINCE ALBERT, | e that . Tecting a new enzage t = . THE ROYAL FAMILY, th H Ka t to aba a AND THE SEVERAL hut L COURTS OF I EUROPI i Pt ae i prov i H r r YVOMPOSITION f WRITING 1 n rm every et Z Phis re-e t y STEEL PENS—S1 VS WRITING FLUII 4 FRAGRANT WHITE POWDI preparet from nmdin ve y exti ary success ol “ i Sa t f Hert 1 e virtue, f strengthen nm) Qua : e, s termined * M. Jullien ' to extend . the , season = : se (

rickets ” { » Box-office of ¢t a WLAND SON H Garde ' Mit Old Bone a ihe ; P HENRY STEP Au “ Affix ; ~ * ’ 4 j € t € | P ith aia le : a » OWLAND'S OD« I — oa - N J 2 e I ‘ i I 5 a* I t — | . | In ih I i ] Fu 1 ? ‘ 7 aa 8 a I -HEN SELECT I \ ; PATENT ae ENAMELLED ee KITCHEN owe j ( I tr t ¢ re- - j { r r I } ators s : 5 I ettles I l z } G A | ee ETROPOLITAN MAN COMPANY) Cat : Cle F I \ c ivi OF . iCr . I , LOANS ADVANCE! t \NETT, I , 250 beni

0! : a y for per » at 1 t 4 »« 1 1 Le AR HARRIOTT'S PURI URI ft r rs, of ' veeks, at 24 per f eks Bs HALL = LAMPS, ase ’ Ils. 6d.; ’ GROUND k NIMA IL FOR THE HAIR a nt. t e repa y v ts. | f ( 5 tent ul ps, fror t Palmer's Patent s a Fil s : aoa ' m t par . t ff Ca I from os A 1 t Elegant assortment t I B a 4 Susper Lamy] n ormou a : ans , t , t a \ nary Lan aned or 4 t J 1 , ( : P pean : La 1 ttons, 4d s Pa 4 “ i s aicu e re \ t I a : ef 7 ft F. BARNETT, I Manufacturer, 25 Oxford str ease } r — —- a a — ma sa rified a ’ ’ Midul LOS STO TOVE, Price Pri ) s a t A to the fluid, t S.in England, Ire Sect x rat neat of i BAILEY’s El rit re at : 2 it 4 ie f t KIN¢ KNEI CAPS, j K LE a : - X r | AT 1AR to the hair a mos : arranted t pr g rva 8S) OF 1 n ans rt t ‘ appear a I rish the j t * te 5 . ( § . reque to cont q t s W remove dandriff, an unt A bandag a fe ardit “ g m illne r other causes the their measure. J part ar property the stock ° rat a Se ae ee et eee t support in va ' » weak, swollen, or KF. BARNETT, Stov uker, 25 Oxford stre a f ects I r e ZOALEIPHAR an eco- {| dy al affect of the legs, t any 2 } 4 lL. ; « able teead pressur eben sousioms -the suppte’y, knee pw frome t nemtiowt reat vo tha pow Ww st re From “CYT ls 18s,—GUNS TYNS and 1 R RIFLES, London ] wholesa ( i. Ward'e and Co. St Mary-axe, 5) | 4.) Se knee, af ines , rhe at r gouty affections, | G nent | \ ge Assortment of Spanish*ribbed j A ne, 06 | ase W e, fror ak vie 4 nnort m I S i p ur? i Fowling Piece ot 63 . | e re ed.—L i St ls I kh nee-caps, A a a f kK by ery : Ss | 8. Od Pasent ‘1 > I ada l H Pist shot t } a Ac., R . . oe, 5 } ] 9 . to 4s. ¢ ¥ La Belts t = t. 4 J I I ti t t me vane a | ress, 418 Oxford t, 1 arg c I ee I € nd sea a i instructions f Measuring AL AY the I BAR yy 0 i st ¢ 001 G. Har rictt \ A ' R ta t hye € ( 18438. | THE ECONOMIST. 263 a A

ae th supplied without Springs, OMPAN nz W m street, Londo: , CAUTION re . AGAINST in . IMPOSITION Hh ree loose Teeth fastenei, an’ Alling De K and LONDON LIFE ASSU. 7 30 RARE : a i; if Par Cone t pen Se MESssks DELCROIX, of 158 New Bond Mineral Marmoratum ¥ GEORGE FREDERICK 1G, Esq Chairman : . Me ae — oe .* oe ie at —_ oe = ' PO CLERG uMEN AND MATHEW Forster, Esq. M. P. Deputy Chairman fumery, Caut psd trata wi covints in 4 The super ty of the sys 1 of Assurance adopted by this i »Cau nset 1 of © cantina 1 SSE Mall, | Lahousing of ‘Teeth, \ Mons. e LE Sefeetive DRAY’S prot i Company, be f i the fact that the premiur . & Nas been discover to be the fa levant bar , will found y arly aluable, as it removes all de ind in fin iA e premium re 7 dea tnt : Kir - : by a t \ fice to assure 1,000 t fa v uN uted A pra \irby s ; , fects 7 XY + ation, ogg particularly the ' inability hilit to give shone & the pen ane a the = 20th year of his age w 1 , in this office insure Hatton garden, and w ! n f the name ar I r sound t t gua double consonant TH. spectable old lady named Delcroix cpt fession « milliner), Mf ONS. LE DRAY and SON SURGEQN- ° Sant r the irpose of decrying Dele iCASSAL », imported | - ; S oh Pa — Assurances at other ages are effected on equally favourable ner the sanction of the Lords of the ry, and of palm iV DENTISTS, 42 BERNERS STREET, OXFORD terms, and thus the assured hasan imm ut us instead ing upon the pu is Macsiear Ql, which be terme © Ty | STREET ntinue t tore decayed Teeth with their of a char pendent upon longevity and the profits of an Genuine :” . Age a iaias . Me ae Seeueans | ted Miner Marmoratum applied wit 1 iin, I office In cas t MSSUTA © for 4 limited number of years, lalfourd, in the late cas f «Rowla wy. Berens ‘NM ; | pr r pr ntir and « ; t I th Ache, } the part advantage of the profi onmee fa bonu 3 a ee eee ee e,’ 8th July, 1843, was prepared to prove was | e being ever allotted to sut niche sea . root. The} ic | faster tee L I iciios ler eekatnn: arising tae fre = axe, neglect, no the assurances. f f ¥ ae tan © of facta 7 use of ome r t the gums I rrodible, Artifi- Prospectuses, containing tables framed to meet the circum slasleis ct y Bes ae B igre ee ; a | cial, or Natural Teeth sing beauty, fixed, from one stances of all ll \ bo desir th € ~ elves lve r th t ms € nar and 6 f the vs value —_ of his pretended € party a nostrum: . } t to acomple y t et, wit ! t I r roots, or giving any urvive ther é f sul t ’ are t the f ! , annuities, Ay? Mahe may ted be had core eat ¢ ’ Ss , or aa of the agents. sea oll ROYAL itil NURSERY. hd — cauidatans “DELCROIX’S OF tak 4 Lad MACASSAR . rea | | Pain A a f e Tooth large e £010 0 JOUN REDDISH Sec. setter, #4 Gina t ' Maie eae : AS - : § 5 0 ’ iry,” f ( her Ma and | Highnesses, ‘ the Prir € Wales, ¢ Balnce R =i ted | Arranged on a principle yet unrivalled, rende 4 USTRALASIAN COLONIAL and | two elegantly-executed coriect : sible to aistil ss Al teeth from the AA GENERAL LIFE 1 ASSURANCE mp and . 4 ANNUITY ‘ ‘ liar sof her Maj 1 t Royal > Highness Prince , A ae answe answer Most ost satisfactorily ily all t } $ es - +} 7 e ¢ I , COMPANY the & ire ny, +0 | tenance a \ r and improve appearance, C ' epital £200,000—in ‘ 2,000 ur 1 CA tif fril bi s,s 9A t transcendey t C j t + ate 1 ‘ a PI . France, |} pr DIR T ror r t npa t ers i tru l j 1 i lain pert 3 F. Barnard, . k R S n : t rf i \ s toask | wes Gideon ( 1 for « D ann 0 j } treet. P > \r i repaired, 1odeliel, bert b sk C.F ‘I ksq A N ; | and t to their Henry Huckle \- a _ 7 : : PA } } ner t t I ul hn Henry Capper, Esq William Walker, Es ro] \DIES.—DI DII Lt ROLX’S KALYDOR, SLYDOR al er Cos- | Artif rogaine P. deo = ft tans 6 ‘ impr tion. —At

Messrs . Maples, Pea Bol s : , and - . } 7 aired 4 ae a all tna Elna \I Ot i Se Majes ot | PP N. vidag B. + Removed aa from 60 Newman street, to 42 Berners SAween the Queen and her Majesty the Qu Dowager, by « a , i street, ’ scatatecoakalei tank of Lond eat ‘ che opal nd, and As t t t el ring he | NPERVOUSNESS, 1 y T rye Debility, hilitx General eT and ¢ = ' soval ¢ . 13 } ¢ Wales’s plume. T rfect e rthe | Local Weakness, &c.—Messrs COOPER and (¢ Ba , M ore , t t : . soft D alle } I the Royal ¢ ge of Surgeons, 34 Southa ton PHY . ta 18 pt @ to the . 1 hea Stra nsulted daily on the causes of nervo t Fras Mov ) appeara As I D K 1 158 New | ¢ t Pista ae f TARY I street. Price 4s, 6d. 7 t | c foe nen is t ve r ; uny oo ye u Edw Ryley, E s 5 mbes : ; ae one seine | . . : cs At ' jaily f es 1 nit —_— MACKINTOSHES §$ ERSEDED D athom so ASS eh ne I f ROMANE 4 Oe ure 8 spe u f the 1 TreRY +] . - fy oe - ouch’ 100 le met ra lr P nent - in a VERY Gentleman may now, for a few oe" ts are requested to be as minute as possible ys ‘ A ; ‘ ‘ » ae _ 4 Shillings, tain asafe and effectual Protect t t ases The commu ation must ees ae = ; ; the tudes of t eat ng hisCLOLTHE } accomp i byt isual Consultation Fee of 1/. and in all Reece ee tiiaeininaninnitialiibetities paren etentenaeanene eNOS pared t NEW BRITISH WATERPROOFING COM- | eases t most ir ible secrecy may be re a | ees vA "ANY’S rR PROCESS , ae for ee rendering i eee s of fabric t , TO THE THOUSANDS AFFLICTED WITH g | Lnnua remiums roug impervious v »W 1 . | RUPTURE, & ae eae . tie "13 ‘ ‘ , or vay alte appearance } - . sear Sana athena ae . ; 1 . 0 lew Gk the clad UPTURE effectually cured and | ; ‘ B s of testi als, wit the at of , ma at galling truss for ever dispensed with, at the Caledonian 40 Li Patterns seen, at their Offices, 10S r stre t and ¢ f I n Infirmary, ll4 Aldersgat treet, City, ri 4 Lond (Late Strand 1 instituted for t fectual and permanent cu : % a e 60 ( TESTIMON } prevalent and grievous affliction, which has baffled the most ——— = — —— > ~—— = * Metropolitan P. r W ALL pla } eminent of the medical profession in all ages, is now cured Po | Lu asian ¢ i l for Febri 18 1 y I without risk or inconveni wv ( 1 y offer t Gentle bell ( r | € g 4 1 ¢ ged. Ad gra till 12 . 4 ( 3 | n, ; receipt of ' » \ daily, veen the hours a to pay their Premiums there. For Residence in New to acquaint you in reply that one suit has fa | Zea ‘ a P imi e . B I ‘ i th . at frequer t nont J ea H rts | {1 seared THOUSAND. g 4 i 1 i Capital,— nt x hours’ succe rain, and t bs t nig ft . | \ pe, Pri -; andsent free, r e Premium in their ow ands (the por instant, it rained t vhole nine irs y t and | n receiving a Post-office Order for 3s. 6d. 3 t 1, with Apon it, educted fi that ie t f his great coat, in resence of the | \NHOOD; the CAUSES of its PRE the P tt 4 } fA t Desce - . . ¢ ome thie t ’ . ae yut it " ss . > 1 ‘ i = ° i t a ‘pat = xcopy x see dap abe forrest Bega eee SS i MATURE DECLINE, with Plain Directions for its SCALE n l ana I i er “Tha r to (ve : at my | PERFEC! RESTORATION ; fol ed by Observations on J | Your ! Servant, } Marriage, and the Treatment of Mental and Nervous Debility, ¢ P tuses and No. full | ba ; irs te ma street, ( , the Off } *C., ROWAN. | Incapacity, 1 acity, Warm Wa ( ate, t a Cure of the Class of Diseases ; or o rs } . | é mn. Illustrated with Cases, & By J. L < I Cent. D nt for ¢ ( a ( Go. ilting S geons, L JA VT EI AT } SEVENTEENTH EDITION 7 , , | j l rT I . | i } P 1 i by the Ant s: and and Sold B Ss , 4 1 QILVER SUPERSEDED, 1 those corro | } , wR ¢ ntry street, Haymarket; M , 39 Corn CHURCHES | rj} j 1 ‘ el ( 1 St , 21 Paternoster row, London; Guest, 51 Bull ' 4 I us effl r¢ f y the intr Anew a c | 8 B ghan Hickling, Coventry; Journal offes, ' H ‘ { ss ALBATA PLAT | ( ,» Chronicle office, Oxfor Sowler, 4 St Ha ( I tic A at N npt | C. WATSON, dl and 42 BAR N NORTON | Anne's M ester; Philip, S Castle street, j 4 r sq t | VOLGATE,a per f scie the amalgamat | Liverpool; Fannin and Co. 41 Grafton street, Dublin; Drum- ROOFING HOUSI SHEDS, DOCK YARDS, &c. Mot a ceded ; tice the mos treet, Edinburg and sold, 1 Sealed Enve- J 1 r, and alia ae ce Lin br ’ 5 eal B rs ® . Port ot : : 1 : - j OPINIONS OF HE PRESS » & ] i r foot ; I AS s,a | l a Tenth Edition of -whi res ed to TASLIN first out r Sy Al ( ul Pr t pauseou Mixed | t iblic—ten thousand copies have been ex ted since its 4 . antiness t ts ndness, I ; Pi 4 first appearance—has en very much improved and arged mpr pri A ted tt manent ile \ M factured int Art for | the addit fa more extended and ar deta f general ( e Water out of : t Stables by s nds . rinciples, as also by t insertion Of several ne and highly Tablea ‘ . - numberless insta s da currin ‘es ] . l } res 1 mi Tink, i t in use t nid dow n the es | 1 S ' 5 [ ) iw f the lungs, putting on all the outer ap- B K t Wi , and W r D e Die D ) ances ption, which, } however, when = traced to t Fr. ¢ r,atthe R ul Dock i" a : ( ( | f their source, are found to result from certa uneful habits, D I W ir A bbe Lord } Salt Ditto : a { ae ae f i f y s that the princiy ft liv f labour i b Kee ! ! per squar 1 Fish } E , » | a } 3 re more aj able than in med t > ane iee “\ t + ¢ f miter | 7 | - } hesitation in saving, att re ist nem ber ciety by 7 ; Vv s tt ests sare 0 ré ire, heat, t ;5 ( Lit . > . : 4 | 7 not be u foun € é 8 pers: person 1 ltoa ailwa I » € | . s : 1 s the relation a parent, a preceptor a man.”— Rails and Sleepers ( WATSON 4 5 } 1 tha l t s | Ga Danes > IAT BUILDIN( I Mf W t iM s OW at S 8 I a ‘ i + Senate: Shion: ; | G Mi t n its | ches : i tr tes , Aa rom : te ; — j , , g 8 \ ed that 7 hose ‘ ‘ t | l I t et 4 | . ‘ . Sa ar s ne a I \ ( I W $ \ as ' l ra l I t Stra | C. WATSON’S ILLUSTRATED ( PA i M eT. t ~ Tow Wat , 1 LOGUE a I I< cl NI s k is » a Mrs s CURTIs A ‘ 5 \ >| s » # RIDE ! YANKLIBANON JRON WORKS | 1 ( \ LONDON BAZ AR, N BAKER STR r, PORTMAN | \ « sa 1 te as | e SQUARE, LOND i car ases. ‘I tion must be ‘ wre Y ted c st h- | sentnik Waatalin as ; ; t ul ( 1 and ‘ ¢ ( f ‘ . f Ge | Ara PAPIER Af I . ae st ec} y Y ( ‘ 7 3 f Q gery i t Publi : s : 3 t é- | cae le : s j LA’'MERT ON DEBILITY tVOUSNESS, AND t ‘ f é Wares ' : o re ist 1 ; ALI ORDERS ARIsID FROM EXCEsSs, & th t t WSs if ws, ¢ r a, hen . ’ ; J 1 3 I und, nee: f @8 1 fi ) » With ot all s, | ad eed . eleaie we 5 W r free by t \ ¢ . y t 4 Y . ? 1 ; 1 ‘ I { , e ct | € I Qt] LF-PRESI RVA LON; 1] iar Essay ; r ! ve . , NITY 1] >) ( 1 Causes of N t Local { Arle \ r r the very rABLE KNIVES y D t<. 0 ( uk ness, I stion, I ness Spirits, t ripa Tere ut excee g es, for 5 Ca { P ~ ins pla ) 5 an f n plain select ala $., a 5 e ’ Insa y i l I 1 ; antage : are 7 i. Patent > t as e 4 1 Rs. - t } | By I Ss B 89 La'MeErrt, ae , (¢ S ; , Aleut 3 i may = i } te ies Se pew Edinburgh; Licentiat A aries a: BUONLE SCROLL FENDER to ef ¢ \ | I [ \ RIPPON BI ng | | re f i I h ’ Quadrant, R t nsive assortm t . - P N B { n, | Lea poss va vy, at OLAR ( NDI LAMPS Solar La | ( r Mans¢ K z Sout lron fenders, 3 mo wit it su s a Palmer's Pa- | jy st 4 feet, Gs.; t ro Oxford Smith, ¢ 1 t Candle Lar U t g ft tw Ca i M t N m, 16 ¢ treet, | 4 teet, 8s.; rich scroll fe | ated, ed and with w gla shade, e, 9s.; Hot t Water ater Dishes 1} for ae ve- | S »B ‘min um: Davey, Broad st ek tad dads “ . nison, beefsteak, or stews; a Set of Six Londor le Patent | al Bp are int. d f rs at pl 4 Dist » 18s. 9d. Fenders, 3 ft., s ft. » @s. if ¢¢ "The various positions of » hushed = I ‘ »\ 91 Hin, 5 I lrons . Od. ; Coa rent privilege f mankind, are fr na sor it , 7 Scuttl ea Kettles, and e' rticl Furnishing Hard ial ¢ oh: ‘ ‘ f 1 elewant ’ ware, u ISUALIYV | Vv. ¢ ‘ I .a y t rs, t s 4 th PHE AVI PERFECT SU € FRUIT DESSERT KNIVES, with FRENCH FORKs, t ts perusal mar tuestions mat f ©. WA'TSON’S NEW ALBATA PLATE (which is so tha mit of 1 al even tot I he material RIPPON ¢ 7 ° for " I fo che ta _ : ¥ . . found equal silver r diy supers ng silver), set f twenty ir pieces, with Stat rd Ga : i Bi appearance and swe - nd superior > it A In ‘ vor handles, $08 45s i ivory eae andiles, as O extra, \ C. Vi it. to be We placed } . . T . V ears < . r appearance of safety, Ofer rice ‘ f ove Vaiters, can est 5,4 ‘ cha % er l this M I uliarly his own, licat v s ce . ture decay. TRETO e in silver, & detailed ¢& —- Nl manu every al r the ‘able is Ir La’Mert, w s ula . at n iber the me- “os * ae an “ Pia r Goods in every variety. Export and fession, s treated the subject in a very scientific and a : esale 1 ex ted manner, and we are « ai amazed at the pre- I oy . _— : ty lo Fan es 1 les, a ndeed toa va and the consequence f thos s itis in his province ed , > r cs i a studs nbined with fulne and elegance, por alleviate.” — Wakefield Journal. Dessert ditto and ow ’ the possessior g pl nvaluable, and is Ath r consultation daily, from N till Two, and Tea ditto and » ditto ys. Od. Gravy ditto - ° 3s, Od 6s. Od. sent to all p rts of th Kingd n Gratis, and Pi t Free, on from Five till Eight: and all letters immediat replied to, RIPPON and BURTON, 12 Wells street, Oxfordstreet, application at his Warehouses, 41 and 42 Barbican, or 16 if containing the fee of li. for a ice, &C—Y BEDFORD Norton Folgate, | STREET, BEDFORD SQUARE, London, AvLished 182) —Vatalos ues BTA 264 THE ECONOMIST. [December 2, 1843. 1 wsovonl Aq XSTEAUD sony, | SACKSON AND WALFORD'S LIST OF RECENT I EGS to announce that | he is preparing preparing | | PUBLICATIONS. a General Catalogue of his Stock, containi wards of THIRTY THOUSAND VOLUMES 2 ‘al mts’, $608 OW) epece Seameien oon | PROFESSOR VINET’S WORK ON CHURCH AND STATE to 23 BEDFORD STREET, COVENT GARDEN In royal 12mo, price 9s. cloth, NATTALIS AN ESSAY ON THE PROFESSION OF PERSONAL RELIGION CHEAP LIST OF WORKS SUITABLE FOR THE CONVICTION, ee eee THE SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STAT . , — ~ oa | j Consilered w reference to the Fulfilment of that Duty SEASON, AT BEDUCED PRICES. Sy Posteo A. VINET, of Lausanne. Mrs S. C. Hall’s Irish Sketch Book. Translated from the French by CHARL K S THEODORE JONES. _o ‘] | . ; Mrs 8. Ha ll’s Sketches of [ris] L Charac- ** It is often found easier to write a book than to giveit a title; rile, ir ne cases, the title is the only ter Five * at es by MACLISE, and ) Woodcut Im- | volume to which it is prefixed; the case before us, however, is exactly the reverse. —Congregationa Magazine. perial 8vo, elegantly bound, cloth gilt reduced to | Il 5 nuhlishe ‘ , | - 1 16s. ; See hed at 1/ i In Ve il 12mo, pric s. Cloth, Gems of British Art, in a Series of Eleven | A ( OMP L, i T E V IE W } PUSEYISM: beautiful Plates; by Stuart Newton, R.A., with De- tots } ae 40 | Exhibiting, from its « pwn Wr ters, its each, andan exposure of their ‘Te — is by H y M perial 4te « denches: viz. To exalt unduly the Power 7 " a rey: to ¢ ave the Minde of the People propagate a spu aoe, € caves Re en 1blishe Religion ; to delude and destroy Souls! ‘The Subject so treated as to ir ve the Scripture Doctrines of the Church—of Uni- 1/. lls. Gd. Morocco elegant, gilt leaves, 1/. 1s | formity in Religion—of Justification—of Regeneration f Sanctificatior f Baptism—and of the Lord’s Supper. Coney’s Be autl ies of Continental J { ByR. WE AVER, Auth yr of “ The Reconciler,”’ “ Pagan Altar,” &c. “ Monumenta Antiqua,’ & ture T went lat and fifty-six >t } ‘“We strongly recommend v me to pul attent - It will be found a storehouse of sound knowledge—an armou Imper al 4 1 Mo ‘co elegant, g leaves. | filled wi invincible weay ooh a hristian Examiner Reduced l 6s. ; published at 4/. 4s { ri Ilistory of the ‘oe uma and Stage in Eng | livia ten att ne Ae nial land, fr me Na08 to 08 10 vols. 8vo, cloth lettered .cUnTt . rom rn TAAT mM ~ ' R > , : — LECTURES ‘ 21, O! N R ACTARTAN »T MIEOLOGY, \ The Art- Union Gallery of Pictures, con- | By the Rev. JOHN STOUGHTON, of Windsor sisting of se‘ >P at “ e age : n fr P “ The Christian minister shou be a witness against the errors of s 1 ~lr t, No XX XV er if om ; iC . * The style in which they (the subjects) are treated, is admirably adapted to the pur] fx nu Pa W iki with full descriptions } ar I\ 2 vols. super-royal 8 elegantly ul 1 cloth | 0 price loth, lettered, the backs full gilt, and top edges gilt. Re- | 1" ’ T 1 2 P rh Suenes luced t Sh i Gas ; published cubiebed ah a ot : Bon a [HE EXISTENCE, OF EVIL SPIRITS PROVED; , aati alf-b c M € za i 9 a t, wit] And their Agen y, I ularly 1 Relation > Hu in Ra oe xplained wind [lusts the t p edges g t. Reduced to 1/. l4s.; published at | ote ths Ninth Series of the ice encekiaess Lectur ese I: re By the Rev. WALTER SCOTT, e elegant * 2 i. Re President and Theological 7 ut vr of Airedale Co oll ge, B lford, Yorksh duced to 2/. 12s. 6d ib 6s | a Its arguments are forcible and well-sustained, and its answ rs t ! t t tingzuished a 8 é ripturai trut eta a pra t r I al Mag * . * Vorv ery few few « s on large pay n P : Fosbroke’s E neyclopeedia of Ant iquities, a In roval 12mo., | price 7s. 6d. th. ’ « Second ] lition of urged (1,100 Edit pages). 145 Published Plate iCuts. at 20. 12s. 2large 6d } _— THE ’ AGE . . OF : . GREAT ‘ : mr CITIES ‘ mn =P ee t 5s. cloth ee lettered as os iia j OR, MODERN . T CIVILIZATION ‘ r r WN T VIEWED r TT IN ITS ‘ RELATION . nh TO a ok cess OC Sle INTELLIGENCE, MORALS, AND RELIGION. ee Oe lates a a ane Meee Ree eedeneed os By ROBERT VAUGHAN, D.D. : . P ‘ e } ¢T niahan } he 1 f a superic Y l ect t by nflue luer s th t e exalted and ' evole: Svo, cloth lettered. Publishe at 1 ls.; reduced } : se valuable work of Dr Vaughan |s the pr B superior mir »d ed ri to 16 | It deserves a careful examination, more espe sent! € w t I A and mischie Nichols’s Autographs of Royal, Noble, | Review. ave been hazarded, and have been supported vhom should have expected better thing —Edint g Learned, and Remarkable Personages 55 Plates, exhi “ Dr Vaughan's admirable ‘ Age of Great Cities.’”"—Atheneu biting about 600 / pi l ed paper By the same Author, royal 12mo, price 5s. cloth, roval folio, cloth lettered Publishe | I, 6s | THE MODERN PULPIT Britton’s Cathedrals of England, 300 Plates. | VIEWED IN ITS RELATION TO THE STATE OF SOCIETY. . 5 vols. 4to, half-Morocco elegant, for 15/. 15s. ; published at 35/ Also, by tl ime Author, Second Edition, enlarged, royal } < enl 12mo, 5s. cloth, C QO N G R K CG \ T | O \ A L, I C M , : en's are tectur. il Antiquit ~~ of | elegant, for 157. 15s.; published at 31/. 10s. | OR, THE POLITY OF INDEPENDENT CHURCHES VIEWED IN ITS Britton’s Ancient Ecclesiastical Architec- RELATION TO THE STATE AND TENDENCIES OF ture of Great Britain, 80 plates, 4to, half. bound, Morocco, MODERN SOCIETY, incut, for é s.; published at 6/. 15s. } vi _ Libr ary of Entertaining Knowledge, up- is ine: wehen 39 graved Portrait by W wards of 1.000 Cuts, 43 vols. 12mo, bour i, cloth let tered, for 5/. 15s. 6d.; published at 9/. 13s. 6d rR M ( and

bdin’s Northern Tour, 100 Plates, 2 vols. ees ia one ange velune, Dro, pence Dts. chothy oe : royal 8vo, boards, for 2/. 2 hed at 4/. 14s. 6d AN ANALYTICAL AND COMP VRATIVE VIEW OF ALL ilition of ot, by Smith, | RELIGIONS NOW EXTANT AMONG MANKIND; ; 7 istated aie ™ roots 5 Ags as With their Internal Diversities of Creed and Profession. = aoe a ee } By JOSIAH CONDER, Author of “ The Modern Traveller,” &. y 7 a te the value his work, to the indefatigable perseverance, and very extended research, whi —__———— half-bound, Morocco, uncut, | | ,.,..¢84ay Ve gladly 0 bear t ‘ cane t veo doen Spee va dicen ged ~grabememenge lag gPhton! Meg wedge gen Bod ne °7 1 | : book in our literature.”"—Chur f Englan Qu iarterly Review. ms. Heber’s 60 ta ift and Corre respondence with xX. , lot] Emi nent Per trait, & 2 vols. 4to, cloth lettered, . ovo rice ds. 6d. clot « for only 18s. pul is} ed at 13s, 6d Cotman’s ane 1 Ant ee ( f LETTERS ON PURITANISM AND NONCONFORMITY. Normandy, 100 Plates, 2 vols. in 1, folio, half-boun By Sir JOHN BICKERTON WILLIAMS, Knt. LL.D. F.S.A. Morocco, 6/. 6s yuh shed at 12/. 12s. uthor of the “ Memoirs of the Life, Character, and Writings of a Matthew Hale. Knt. Flaxman’s ‘Anatomical Studies for the Use Lond ion J ic kson and Walford, 18 Sst Paul's Chur thyard of Artists, 18 Plates, by Landseer, folio, cloth, 14. 4s. M. A. NATIALI, 23 Beprorpd SrrexET, Covent Printed by CHARLES REYNELL, 16 Little Pultency street, in the Parish of St James, Westminster: and Published GARDEY. him at the Office of the Journal, No. 6 Wellington street, Strand. — December 2, 1843,