The Last Utopia: Human Rights in History
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The Internet and Drug Markets
INSIGHTS EN ISSN THE INTERNET AND DRUG MARKETS 2314-9264 The internet and drug markets 21 The internet and drug markets EMCDDA project group Jane Mounteney, Alessandra Bo and Alberto Oteo 21 Legal notice This publication of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is protected by copyright. The EMCDDA accepts no responsibility or liability for any consequences arising from the use of the data contained in this document. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the official opinions of the EMCDDA’s partners, any EU Member State or any agency or institution of the European Union. Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you). More information on the European Union is available on the internet (http://europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2016 ISBN: 978-92-9168-841-8 doi:10.2810/324608 © European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, 2016 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. This publication should be referenced as: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (2016), The internet and drug markets, EMCDDA Insights 21, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. References to chapters in this publication should include, where relevant, references to the authors of each chapter, together with a reference to the wider publication. For example: Mounteney, J., Oteo, A. and Griffiths, P. -
Neutrality in Afghanistan's Foreign Policy
UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE www.usip.org SPECIAL REPORT 2301 Constitution Ave., NW • Washington, DC 20037 • 202.457.1700 • fax 202.429.6063 ABOUT THE REPORT Nasir A. Andisha This report briefly examines the historical aspects of Afghanistan’s neutrality as an initial step toward a more comprehensive study of desirability and feasibility of neutrality- based diplomatic solutions for conflict in Afghanistan. The research and discussions conducted for the study were Neutrality in Afghanistan’s supported by the United States Institute of Peace (USIP). The author also thanks the management of Afghanistan Centre at Kabul University for their kind and invaluable assistance. Foreign Policy ABOUT THE AUTHOR Nasir A. Andisha is a visiting fellow at the School of International, Political & Strategic Studies at the Australian Summary National University (ANU) in Canberra and a candidate for a doctoral degree in diplomatic studies at the ANU Asia-Pacific • The planned withdrawal of U.S. combat troops by the end of 2016 and a declining interna- College of Diplomacy. A senior career Afghan diplomat, Andisha tional engagement leave Afghanistan once again vulnerable to increasing competition from was a Fulbright fellow at the Bush School of Government neighboring and regional states for strategic influence in the country. in Texas A&M University and taught International Relations and Economics at the Al-Berony University in Kapisa and the • Given Afghanistan’s geographic location and historical neutral status, experts have argued Foreign Ministry ’s Institute of Diplomacy in Kabul. that an internationally guaranteed neutrality offers a least-worst but workable long-term solution to the problem of proxy conflict in the country. -
Helsinki Watch Committees in the Soviet Republics: Implications For
FINAL REPORT T O NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SOVIET AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARC H TITLE : HELSINKI WATCH COMMITTEES IN THE SOVIET REPUBLICS : IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SOVIET NATIONALITY QUESTIO N AUTHORS : Yaroslav Bilinsky Tönu Parming CONTRACTOR : University of Delawar e PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS : Yaroslav Bilinsky, Project Director an d Co-Principal Investigato r Tönu Parming, Co-Principal Investigato r COUNCIL CONTRACT NUMBER : 621- 9 The work leading to this report was supported in whole or in part fro m funds provided by the National Council for Soviet and East European Research . NOTICE OF INTENTION TO APPLY FOR COPYRIGH T This work has been requested for manuscrip t review for publication . It is not to be quote d without express written permission by the authors , who hereby reserve all the rights herein . Th e contractual exception to this is as follows : The [US] Government will have th e right to publish or release Fina l Reports, but only in same forma t in which such Final Reports ar e delivered to it by the Council . Th e Government will not have the righ t to authorize others to publish suc h Final Reports without the consent o f the authors, and the individua l researchers will have the right t o apply for and obtain copyright o n any work products which may b e derived from work funded by th e Council under this Contract . ii EXEC 1 Overall Executive Summary HELSINKI WATCH COMMITTEES IN THE SOVIET REPUBLICS : IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SOVIET NATIONALITY QUESTION by Yaroslav Bilinsky, University of Delawar e d Tönu Parming, University of Marylan August 1, 1975, after more than two years of intensive negotiations, 35 Head s of Governments--President Ford of the United States, Prime Minister Trudeau of Canada , Secretary-General Brezhnev of the USSR, and the Chief Executives of 32 othe r European States--signed the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperatio n in Europe (CSCE) . -
Juliana Geran Pilon Education
JULIANA GERAN PILON [email protected] Dr. Juliana Geran Pilon is Research Professor of Politics and Culture and Earhart Fellow at the Institute of World Politics. For the previous two years, she taught in the Political Science Department at St. Mary’s College of Maryland. From January 1991 to October 2002, she was first Director of Programs, Vice President for Programs, and finally Senior Advisor for Civil Society at the International Foundation for Election Systems (IFES), after three years at the National Forum Foundation, a non-profit institution that focused on foreign policy issues - now part of Freedom House - where she was first Executive Director and then Vice President. At NFF, she assisted in creating a network of several hundred young political activists in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. For the past thirteen years she has also taught at Johns Hopkins University, the Institute of World Politics, George Washington University, and the Institute of World Politics. From 1981 to 1988, she was a Senior Policy Analyst at the Heritage Foundation, writing on the United Nations, Soviet active measures, terrorism, East-West trade, and other international issues. In 1991, she received an Earhart Foundation fellowship for her second book, The Bloody Flag: Post-Communist Nationalism in Eastern Europe -- Spotlight on Romania, published by Transaction, Rutgers University Press. Her autobiographical book Notes From the Other Side of Night was published by Regnery/Gateway, Inc. in 1979, and translated into Romanian in 1993, where it was published by Editura de Vest. A paperback edition appeared in the U.S. in May 1994, published by the University Press of America. -
Support for Transitions to Address Barriers to Student Learning
A Center Training Tutorial . SUPPORT FOR TRANSITIONS TO ADDRESS BARRIERS TO STUDENT LEARNING This document is a hardcopy version of a resource that can be downloaded at no cost from the Center’s website http://smhp.psych.ucla.edu. This Center is co-directed by Howard Adelman and Linda Taylor and operates under the auspice of the School Mental Health Project, Dept. of Psychology, UCLA. Center for Mental Health in Schools, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563 (310) 825-3634 Fax: (310) 206-8716; E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://smhp.psych.ucla.edu Support comes in part from the Office of Adolescent Health, Maternal and Child Health Bureau (Title V, Social Security Act), Health Resources and Services Administration (Project #U45 MC 00175). Continuing Education Modules & Training Tutorials: Self-directed opportunities to learn In addition to offering Quick Training Aids, the Center’s Continuing Education Modules and Training Tutorials are designed as self-directed opportunities for more in-depth learning about specific topics. These resources provide easy access to a wealth of planfully organized content and tools that can be used as a self-tutorial or as a guide in training others. As with most of our resources, these can be readily downloaded from our website – http://smhp.psych.ucla.edu – see Center Materials and scroll down to VI. In the coming years, the Center will continue to develop a variety of continuing education modules and training tutorials related to the various topics covered by our Clearinghouse. In all its work, the Center tries to identify resources that represent "best practice" standards. -
CONDEMNATION of COMMUNISM in PONTIFICAL MAGISTERIUM Since Pius IX Till Paul VI
CONDEMNATION OF COMMUNISM IN PONTIFICAL MAGISTERIUM since Pius IX till Paul VI Petru CIOBANU Abstract: The present article, based on several magisterial documents, illus- trates the approach of Roman Pontiffs, beginning with Pius IX and ending with Paul VI, with regard to what used to be called „red plague”, i.e. communism. The article analyses one by one various encyclical letters, apostolic letters, speeches and radio messages in which Roman Pontiffs condemned socialist theories, either explicitly or implicitly. Keywords: Magisterium, Pope, communism, socialism, marxism, Christianity, encyclical letter, apostolic letter, collectivism, atheism, materialism. Introduction And there appeared another wonder in heaven; and behold a great red dragon, having seven heads and ten horns, and seven crowns upon his heads. And his tail drew the third part of the stars of heaven, and did cast them to the earth: and the dragon stood before the woman which was ready to be delivered, for to devour her child as soon as it was born. And when the dragon saw that he was cast unto the earth, he persecuted the woman which brought forth the man child. And the dragon was wroth with the woman, and went to make war with the remnant of her seed, which keep the commandments of God, and have the testimony of Jesus Christ (Rev 12,3-4.13.17). These words, written over 2.000 years ago, didn’t lose their value along time, since then and till now, reflecting the destiny of Christian Church and Christians – „those who guard the God words and have the Jesus tes- timony” – in the world, where appear so many „dragons” that have the aim to persecute Jesus Christ followers. -
Human Rights and History a Challenge for Education
edited by Rainer Huhle HUMAN RIGHTS AND HISTORY A CHALLENGE FOR EDUCATION edited by Rainer Huhle H UMAN The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Genocide Convention of 1948 were promulgated as an unequivocal R response to the crimes committed under National Socialism. Human rights thus served as a universal response to concrete IGHTS historical experiences of injustice, which remains valid to the present day. As such, the Universal Declaration and the Genocide Convention serve as a key link between human rights education and historical learning. AND This volume elucidates the debates surrounding the historical development of human rights after 1945. The authors exam- H ine a number of specific human rights, including the prohibition of discrimination, freedom of opinion, the right to asylum ISTORY and the prohibition of slavery and forced labor, to consider how different historical experiences and legal traditions shaped their formulation. Through the examples of Latin America and the former Soviet Union, they explore the connections · A CHALLENGE FOR EDUCATION between human rights movements and human rights education. Finally, they address current challenges in human rights education to elucidate the role of historical experience in education. ISBN-13: 978-3-9810631-9-6 © Foundation “Remembrance, Responsibility and Future” Stiftung “Erinnerung, Verantwortung und Zukunft” Lindenstraße 20–25 10969 Berlin Germany Tel +49 (0) 30 25 92 97- 0 Fax +49 (0) 30 25 92 -11 [email protected] www.stiftung-evz.de Editor: Rainer Huhle Translation and Revision: Patricia Szobar Coordination: Christa Meyer Proofreading: Julia Brooks and Steffi Arendsee Typesetting and Design: dakato…design. David Sernau Printing: FATA Morgana Verlag ISBN-13: 978-3-9810631-9-6 Berlin, February 2010 Photo Credits: Cover page, left: Stèphane Hessel at the conference “Rights, that make us Human Beings” in Nuremberg, November 2008. -
The Economic Functioning of Online Drugs Markets
ISSN 2042-2695 CEP Discussion Paper No 1490 Revised August 2017 (Replaced July 2017 version) The Economic Functioning of Online Drugs Markets V. Bhaskar Robin Linacre Stephen Machin Abstract The economic functioning of online drug markets using data scraped from online platforms is studied. Analysis of over 1.5 million online drugs sales shows online drugs markets tend to function without the significant moral hazard problems that, a priori, one might think would plague them. Only a small proportion of online drugs deals receive bad ratings from buyers, and online markets suffer less from problems of adulteration and low quality that are a common feature of street sales of illegal drugs. Furthermore, as with legal online markets, the market penalizes bad ratings, which subsequently lead to significant sales reductions and to market exit. The impact of the well-known seizure by law enforcement of the original Silk Road and the shutdown of Silk Road 2.0 are also studied, together with the exit scam of the market leader at the time, Evolution. There is no evidence that these exits deterred buyers or sellers from online drugs trading, as new platforms rapidly replaced those taken down, with the online market for drugs continuing to grow. Keywords: dark web, drugs JEL codes:K42 This paper was produced as part of the Centre’s Communities Programme. The Centre for Economic Performance is financed by the Economic and Social Research Council. Acknowledgements Robin Linacre contributed to this paper in a personal capacity and in his own time. The research is not linked to any of his work for either the Sentencing Council or the Ministry of Justice. -
Presidents of the United Nations General Assembly
Presidents of the United Nations General Assembly Sixty -ninth 2014 Mr. Sam Kahamba Kutesa (Pres i- Uganda dent-elect) Sixty -eighth 2013 Mr. John W. Ashe Antigua and Barbuda Sixty -seventh 2012 Mr. Vuk Jeremić Serbia Sixty -sixth 2011 Mr. Nassir Abdulaziz Al -Nasser Qatar Sixty -fifth 2010 Mr. Joseph Deiss Switzerland Sixty -fourth 2009 Dr. Ali Abdussalam Treki Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Tenth emergency special (resumed) 2009 Father Miguel d’Escoto Brockmann Nicaragua Sixty -third 2008 Father Miguel d’Escoto Brockmann Nicaragua Sixty -second 2007 Dr. Srgjan Kerim The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Tenth emergency special (resumed twice) 2006 Sheikha Haya Rashed Al Khalifa Bahrain Sixty -first 2006 Sheikha Haya Rashed Al Khalifa Bahrain Sixtieth 2005 Mr. Jan Eliasson Sweden Twenty -eighth special 2005 Mr. Jean Ping Gabon Fifty -ninth 2004 Mr. Jean Ping Gabon Tenth emergency special (resumed) 2004 Mr. Julian Robert Hunte Saint Lucia (resumed twice) 2003 Mr. Julian Robert Hunte Saint Lucia Fifty -eighth 2003 Mr. Julian Robert Hunte Saint Lucia Fifty -seventh 2002 Mr. Jan Kavan Czech Republic Twenty -seventh special 2002 Mr. Han Seung -soo Republic of Korea Tenth emergency special (resumed twice) 2002 Mr. Han Seung -soo Republic of Korea (resumed) 2001 Mr. Han Seung -soo Republic of Korea Fifty -sixth 2001 Mr. Han Seung -soo Republic of Korea Twenty -sixth special 2001 Mr. Harri Holkeri Finland Twenty -fifth special 2001 Mr. Harri Holkeri Finland Tenth emergency special (resumed) 2000 Mr. Harri Holkeri Finland Fifty -fifth 2000 Mr. Harri Holkeri Finland Twenty -fourth special 2000 Mr. Theo -Ben Gurirab Namibia Twenty -third special 2000 Mr. -
Afghanistan: Government Formation and Performance
Afghanistan: Government Formation and Performance Kenneth Katzman Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs June 5, 2009 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS21922 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Afghanistan: Government Formation and Performance Summary The central government’s limited writ and widespread official corruption are helping sustain a Taliban insurgency, and have fed pessimism about the Afghanistan stabilization effort. However, ethnic disputes remain confined largely to political debate and competition, enabling President Hamid Karzai to focus on trying to build Afghan institutions, and on his bid for re-election in presidential elections slated for August 20, 2009. Karzai has faced substantial loss of public confidence, in large part due to widespread official corruption, but his opponents—divided by ethnicity and personal ambition—were unable to form a strong electoral coalition as the presidential election registration process closed on May 8, 2009. At the same time, U.S. officials have been shifting away from reliance on building the central government and toward promoting local governing bodies and security initiatives. That trend is to accelerate, according to the Obama Administration’s review of U.S. strategy, the results of which were announced on March 27, 2009. The core of the new strategy is a so-called “civilian surge” that will virtually double, to about 900, the number of U.S. civilian personnel to deploy to Afghanistan to help build its governing and security institution, and to increase economic development efforts. The Administration also says it will develop “metrics” by which to judge the performance and legitimacy of the Afghan government, including its efforts to curb official corruption, although the Administration and many in Congress appear reluctant to tie any U.S. -
Zhuk Outcover.Indd
The Carl Beck Papers in Russian & East European Studies Sergei I. Zhuk Number 1906 Popular Culture, Identity, and Soviet Youth in Dniepropetrovsk, 1959–84 The Carl Beck Papers in Russian & East European Studies Number 1906 Sergei I. Zhuk Popular Culture, Identity, and Soviet Youth in Dniepropetrovsk, 1959–84 Sergei I. Zhuk is Associate Professor of Russian and East European History at Ball State University. His paper is part of a new research project, “The West in the ‘Closed City’: Cultural Consumption, Identities, and Ideology of Late Socialism in Soviet Ukraine, 1964–84.” Formerly a Professor of American History at Dniepropetrovsk University in Ukraine, he completed his doctorate degree in Russian History at the Johns Hopkins University in 2002 and recently published Russia’s Lost Reformation: Peasants, Millennialism, and Radical Sects in Southern Russia and Ukraine, 1830–1917 (2004). No. 1906, June 2008 © 2008 by The Center for Russian and East European Studies, a program of the University Center for International Studies, University of Pittsburgh ISSN 0889-275X Image from cover: Rock performance by Dniepriane near the main building of Dniepropetrovsk University, August 31, 1980. Photograph taken by author. The Carl Beck Papers Editors: William Chase, Bob Donnorummo, Ronald H. Linden Managing Editor: Eileen O’Malley Editorial Assistant: Vera Dorosh Sebulsky Submissions to The Carl Beck Papers are welcome. Manuscripts must be in English, double-spaced throughout, and between 40 and 90 pages in length. Acceptance is based on anonymous review. Mail submissions to: Editor, The Carl Beck Papers, Center for Russian and East European Studies, 4400 Wesley W. Posvar Hall, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260. -
“May the Divine Will Always Be Blessed!” Newsletter No
The Pious Universal Union for the Children of the Divine Will Official Newsletter for “The Pious Universal Union for Children of the Divine Will –USA” Come Supreme Will, down to reign in Your Kingdom on earth and in our hearts! ROGATE! FIAT ! “May the Divine Will always be blessed!” Newsletter No. 130 – March 4 A.D. 2013 “Now I die more content, because the Divine Volition consoled me more than usual with your presence in these lasts instants of my life. Now I see a long, beautiful and wide Road, illuminated by infinite and shining Suns... Oh, yes, I recognize them! They are the Suns of my acts done in the Divine Will. This is the road which I now must follow. It is the way prepared for me by the Divine Volition, it is the road of my triumph, it is the road of my glory, to connect me in the immense happiness of the Divine Will. It is my road, it is the road which I will reserve for you, dear Father; it is the road which I will reserve for all those souls who will want to live in the Divine Will.” 1 The Holy Death of Luisa Piccarreta By Padre Bernardino Bucci At the news of Luisa’s death which occurred on March 4 A.D. 1947, it seemed that the people of Corato paused to live a unique and extraordinary event. Their Luisa, their Saint, was no more. And like a river in full spate they poured into Luisa’s house to look at her and express their affection to her, for so many years esteemed and beloved by all.