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Donana- Acta Vertebrata , ~ {-'-":I ". J ft ~_., {-1) \ D O ISSN 0210-5985 VOLUMEN 12 - N.o 1 JUNIO, 1985 DONANA- ACTA VERTEBRATA Revista de Vertebrados de la Estación Biológica de Doñana (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas) Pabellón del Perú, Avda. María Luisa s/n., 41013 SEVILLA ESPAÑA REVISTA DE VERTEBRADOS DE LA ESTACION BIOLOGICA DE DOÑANA Iniciado por el Prof. DI. J. A. Valverde, Director Honorario Director: Dr. J. Castroviejo Secretar io de Publi,-::acioncs: V icente Gallardo PUBLICACIONES DE LA EST ACION WOLOGICA DE DOÑANA Set'ie de Monografías: N.o l. José A. Valverde. 1967. "Esrructura de una comunidad de Vertebrados terrestres" . N.O 2. Fernando Alvarez. 1973. "Comportamiento social y hormonas sexua­ les en Saimit'i sciureus". N.o 3. Javier Castroviejo. 1975. "El Urogallo en España". Números especiales de Doñana Acta Vertebrata: 7-3. Miguel Delibes. 1980. "El lince ibérico: Ecología y comportamiento alimenticios en el Coto Doñana". 7-4. Carlos M. Herrera. 1980. "Composición y estructura de dos comuni- dades mediterráneas de paseriformes". 7-5. Francisco Braza. 1980. "El Araguato rojo". 7-6. Tomás de Azcárate. 1980. "Sociobiología del capibara". 8-3. Ramón C. Soriguer. 1981. "Biología y dinámica de una población de conejos (Ot'yctolagm cuniculus L.) en Andalucía occidental". 8-4. Carlos Ibáñez. 198L "Biología y ecología ele lo murciélagos del Hato "El Frio" Apure, Venezuela". 9-3. Cristina Ramo. 1982. "Biología del galápago (Podocnemis vogli Muller, 1935) en el Hato "El Frío", Lla[]os de Apure, Venezuela". 10-3. José Ayarzagüena. 1983. "Ecología del .caimán ele anteojos o baba (Caimat~ .crocodilm L.) en los Llanos de Apure, Venezuela". Para intercambio con otras publicaciones dirigir e al Editor, Pabellón del Perú, Avda. María Luisa s/n., 41013-Sevilla (España). For exchange with other publications contact the Editor, Pabellón del Perú, María Luisa Av. P. O. Box 1056. Sevilla (Spain). Consejo- Superior dIO Investl, .. clones CientltlclIS \ J' q ) 1" 1, '-, • -J'" • ~ DONANA ACTA VERTEBRATA VOLUMEN 12, N.o 1 .( -¡ A r(1 rOl)( H... D!:. !JoN. NA SEVILLA, 1985 Depósito Legal: SE - 87 - 1977 ¡",pronta E.E.H.A. - Alfonso XII, 16 - Sevilla, 1985 Doñana, Acta Vertebrata, 12 (1): 5-19, 1985 .5 Contribución a la biometría y biología de la Bermejuela Rutilus arcas;; (Steindch., 1866) del embalse de Pinilla JAVIER LOBÓN-CERVIÁ, PALOMA ROVIRA y OSCJ'R SORIANO Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales. José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2. 28006-Madrid. España INTRODUCCIÓN La falta de información sobre los aspectos básicos de la biología de los ciprínidos hispánicos, nos ha llevado a publicar este trabajo cuyo fin principal es describir la biometría, el crecimiento y la aliment~::ión de las Bermejuelas Rutilus arcasii del embalse de Pinilla (río Lozoya, cuenca del Tajo). Este es, además, parte de un estudio más general sobre la biología de las especies que componen la comunidad ictiológica de dicho embalse, sobre la que ya hemos pu­ blicado algunos resultados (LOBÓN-CERVIÁ y ELVIRA 1981, L. TORRES 1983). BANARESCU et al. (1971) consideran que las poblaciones hispánicas de esta especie, no son más que una forma geográfica de la Bermejuela del Adriáti::o y por ello, las denominan Rutilus rubilio arcasií (Bon., 1837). Por nuestra parte, aceptamos la propuesta de LOZANO-REY (1935), corroborada por COLLARES-PE­ REIRA (1979), en la que se considera a estas poblaciones como una especie con entidad propia Rutilus arcasii endémica de la Península hispánica y que se dis­ tribuye, según DOADRIO y ELVIRA (1981) por las cuencas d<:: los ríos Duero, Tajo, Guadiana, Ebro, Mijares, Palencia, Serpis y Júcar, estando representada en Ga­ licia desde el Miño hasta el Ulla, faltando en el resto de la vertiente norte de la Cordillera Cantábri.::a. 6 J. LOBÓN-CERVIÁ, P. ROVIHA y O. SORIANO MATERIAL y MÉTODOS DE CAPTURA Los ejemplares fueron capturados en la cola del embalse de Pinilla, entre marzo de 1979 y junio de 1980. Las capturas se llevaron a cabo con un motor de pesca eléctrica, con el que trabajamos a 1,5-2,5 A y 250-350 V.,' corriente contínua. De un total de 403, tan sólo 52 fueron capturados a los largo del embalse con redes tipo trasmallo. Una vez en el laboratorio y tras ser fijados en formol (5%), procedimos a me­ dirlos, pesarlos y determinar su sexo. La edad, el crecimiento y la biometría se estu­ diaron sobre una selección de 117 peces. Una información más amplia sobre las características físico-químicas del embalse y su composición ictiológica, puede verse en LOBÓN-CERVIÁ y TORRES (1983) Y HAERING (1981). RESULTADOS Biometría Los único datOS publicados sobre la biometría de esta especie desde su descripci6n p r STEJNDACHNEU (1866), se deben a LOZANO-REY (1935), VELAZ DE MBOHANO (1944) y COLLAltES-PSR ElRA (1979). No obstante y dada la an­ tigüedad de los primeros [I'abajos, la comparación coo :,ue 'tros resuJrados sólo puede ser parcial. l.-Caracteres merísticos Hemos estudiado el número de ,rad ios ramificados de las aletas dorsal, aoal , ventral y pecroral en un total de 117 ejemplares. El valor medio del nú­ mero de radios de las tres primeras aleea está próximo a 7 (Cuadro 1), por 10 que coinciden con los autores previamente citados. En la aleta pectoral, el valor medio es de 12,6 estando <:omprendido en un intervalo de 12 a 14 radios. elladro 1 Radios ramificados de las aletas Dorsal (D), Anal (A), Ventral (V) y Pectoral (P). Nt=Número de ejemplares estudiados. X=Media. s=error standard de la media. Número de radios (%) Aleta N t 6 7 8 12 13 14 X Dorsal 117 1,; 88,9 9,4 7,08 0,326 Anal 117 5,1 93,2 1,7 6,97 0,265 Ventral 117 2,6 94,0 3,4 7,01 0,246 Pectoral 117 41,9 52,1 6,0 12,64 0,594 Doñana, Acta Vertebrata, 12 (1), 1985 Biometría de Rtttiltts arcasii 7 Resulta curioso que ningún autor haya estudiado el número de vértebras de esta Especie, aun siendo este carácter taxonómico importante. En nuestra pobla­ ción (fig. 1) este número, incluyendo el uros tilo, oscila entre 36 y 40, teniendo la media en 38,3 vértebras (s=0,86). % % a) 50 50 40 40 b) Vertebras "3D 30 ESCilmas linea lateral 20 20 10 10 o o 36 37 38 39 40 44 45 46 47 48 49 fig. 1. Polígono de frecuencias. a) Número de vértebras en 117 ejemplares de R.. arcasit. b) Número de escamas en la línea lateral de los' mismos ejemplares. En cuanto al número de escamas en la línea lateral (fig. 1), nuestra po­ blación difiere de las otras conocidas. STEINDRCHNER (op. cit.), describe la es­ pecie con 42-46 escamas. LOZANO-REY (op. cit.) al hacer una revisión general de la especie, amplía el rango a 40-46 y COLLARES-PEREIRA (op . .::it.) al es­ tudiar ejemplares del Duero, encuentra (40) 41-45 (48). En nuestra población, hemos visto que el rango se encuentra desplazado hacia valores más altos, es­ tando comprendido entre 44 y 49, teniendo la media en 46,3 (s=l,72), es decir, es superior en 2-4 unidades de escama. Doñana, Acta Vertebrata, 12 (1), 1985 8 J. LOBÓN-CERVIÁ, P. ROVIRA y O. SORIANO Para estudiar el número de escamas en la línea transversal maXlma, desde la base de la dorsal hasta la línea lateral y desde ésta hasta la base de las ventrales, hemos contabilizado unidades de escama enteras. Los resultados, simi­ lares a los obtenidos por los autores ya citados, son: Línea superior ,con 7 es­ camas el 76,4%, con 8 escamas el 23,6%, X=7,23 y s=0,42. Línea inferior con 3 escamas el 39,5%, con 4 escamas el 60,5%, X=3,60 y s=0,51. La fórmula faríngea, estudiada sobre 89 ejemplares, es también similar a las que proporciona la bibliografía. El único hecho destacable es haber encon­ trado un ejemplar con 6-5 dientes, fórmula no citada para esta especie. Los valores encontrados son: 5-5 el 89,9%, 5-4 el 8,9% y 6-5 el 1,1%. Las branquispinas, contadas sobre el primer arm del lado derecho, han te­ nido los siguientes valores: Lado externo: Rango=9-13, X=10,8 y s=0,95. Lado interno: Rango=13-19, X=16,2 y s=1,27, los valores del lado externo, parecen menores que los que proporciona Collares-Pereira (op. cit.), aunque el rango es similar. 2.-Caracteres -métricos a) Indices Los índices estudiados han sido: longitud cefálica/longitud total (Lc/Lt); longitud predorsal/longitud total (Lpd/Lt); longitud preanal/longitud total (Lpa/Lt); altura mínima del pedúnculo caudal/longitud total (Ampc/Lt) y lon­ gitud predorsal/longitud preanal (Lpd/Lpa). Cuadro 2 Características biométricas de machos y hembras de R. arcasii. N =Número de ejemplares. n.d. = no hay diferencias significativas. .'. =diferencias significativas en P 0,01, " =en P 0,05. Indice Machos Hembras Sigo L/Lt X=19,20 s=0,80 X=19,19 s=0,68 n.d. Lpd/Lt X=43,50 s= 1,26 X=44,07 s=1,20 Sl" • Lpn/Lt X=56,44 s= 1,60 X=57,52 s= 1,35 SI*" Amp/Lt X= 9,13 s=0,50 X= 8,97 s=0,57 n.d. Lpd/Lpa X=77,10 s=2,13 X=76,74 s=2,01 n.d. Doñana, Acta Vertebrata, 12 (1), 1985 Biomet1'Ía de Rutilus arcasii 9 Los valores obt.enidos en Lc/Lt y Ampc/Lt difieren de los que proporcio­ na Collares-Pereira (op.
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