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Translation Practices at the European Central Bank with Reference to Metaphors

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Translation Practices at the European Central Bank with Reference to Metaphors DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Translation practices at the European Central Bank with reference to metaphors Luciana Tcaciuc 2013 Aston University Some pages of this thesis may have been removed for copyright restrictions. If you have discovered material in AURA which is unlawful e.g. breaches copyright, (either yours or that of a third party) or any other law, including but not limited to those relating to patent, trademark, confidentiality, data protection, obscenity, defamation, libel, then please read our Takedown Policy and contact the service immediately TRANSLATION PRACTICES AT THE EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK WITH REFERENCE TO METAPHORS LUCIANA SABINA MIHAELA TCACIUC Doctor of Philosophy ASTON UNIVERSITY SEPTEMBER 2012 Luciana Sabina Mihaela Tcaciuc, 2012 Luciana Sabina Mihaela Tcaciuc asserts her moral right to be identified as the author of this thesis This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author and that no quotation from the thesis and no information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. 1 ASTON UNIVERSITY Title: Translation Practices at the European Central Bank with Reference to Metaphors Name: Luciana Sabina Mihaela Tcaciuc Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Date: September 2012 Thesis summary: The European Union institutions represent a complex setting and a specific case of institutional translation. The European Central Bank (ECB) is a particular context as the documents translated belong to the field of economics and, thus, contain many specialised terms and neologisms that pose challenges to translators. This study aims to investigate the translation practices at the ECB, and to analyse their effects on the translated texts. In order to illustrate the way texts are translated at the ECB, the thesis will focus on metaphorical expressions and the conceptual metaphors by which they are sanctioned. Metaphor is often associated with literature and less with specialised texts. However, according to Lakoff and Johnson’s (1980) conceptual metaphor theory, our conceptual system is fundamentally metaphorical in nature and metaphors are pervasive elements of thought and speech. The corpus compiled comprises economic documents translated at the ECB, mainly from English into Romanian. Using corpus analysis, the most salient metaphorical expressions were identified in the source and target texts and explained with reference to the main conceptual metaphors. Translation strategies are discussed on the basis of a comparison of the source and target texts. The text-based analysis is complemented by questionnaires distributed to translators, which give insights into the institution’s translation practices. As translation is an institutional process, translators have to follow certain guidelines and practices; these are discussed with reference to translators’ agency. A gap was identified in the field of institutional translation. The translation process in the EU institutions has been insufficiently explored, especially regarding the new languages of the European Union. By combining the analysis of the institutional practices, the texts produced in the institution and the translators’ work (by the questionnaires distributed to translators), this thesis intends to bring a contribution to institutional translation and metaphor translation, particularly regarding a new EU language, Romanian. Keywords: institutional translation, European Union, European Central Bank, conceptual metaphor theory, Romanian 2 Acknowledgements First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor, Prof. Christina Schäffner, for her guidance and feedback. Thanks to her interesting ideas and support, this thesis developed smoothly. I would like to thank Aston University for offering me this opportunity to conduct quality research surrounded by professionals. I would also like to thank my family and friends, who always encouraged me to continue, even when I had doubts. I would particularly like to thank my father, who always found encouraging and optimistic thoughts, and my boyfriend, who supported me. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ..............................................................................................................8 LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................9 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................... 10 Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................... 11 1.1 Objectives and background of the study ...................................................................... 11 1.2 Social and theoretical relevance of the study .............................................................. 13 1.3 Structure of the study ................................................................................................... 14 Chapter 2: Theoretical Framework ................................................................................. 17 2.1 Institutional translation ................................................................................................. 18 2.1.1 The institutional context ......................................................................................... 18 2.1.2 Translators’ agency .............................................................................................. 22 2.1.3 Habitus, capital, field ............................................................................................. 25 2.2 Conceptual metaphors ................................................................................................. 28 2.2.1 Definition of metaphor ........................................................................................... 28 2.2.2 Examples of conceptual metaphors ....................................................................... 32 2.2.3 Classification of metaphors ................................................................................... 34 2.2.4 Functions of metaphor ........................................................................................... 36 2.2.4.1 The communicative function……………………………………………………….36 2.2.4.2 The ideological function…………………………………………………………….37 2.2.5 Metaphor as a product of culture ........................................................................... 38 2.3 Metaphor in political, economic and other specialised texts ......................................... 41 2.3.1 Metaphor in political texts ...................................................................................... 41 4 2.3.1.1 Metaphor in political discourse on the European Union………………………...43 2.3.2 Metaphor in economic texts ................................................................................. 46 2.3.3 Critique of economic metaphors in the journalistic field ......................................... 48 2.3.4 Economic metaphors in Romanian ........................................................................ 50 2.4 Translating metaphor ................................................................................................... 55 2.4.1 Views on translating metaphor .............................................................................. 55 2.4.2 Strategies for translating metaphors ...................................................................... 58 2.5 Conclusions ................................................................................................................. 64 Chapter 3: Corpus and Methodology ............................................................................. 66 3.1 Corpus ......................................................................................................................... 66 3.2. Methodology ............................................................................................................... 69 3.2.1 Advantages and disadvantages of using corpus analysis software ........................ 69 3.2.2 How to research metaphors? ................................................................................ 70 3.2.3 Questionnaires ...................................................................................................... 72 3.2.4 How to research institutional translation? Ethnographic methods .......................... 72 3.2.5. Quantitative and qualitative research methods ..................................................... 75 3.2.5.1 Quantitative research……………………………………………….......................76 3.2.5.1 Qualitative research…………………………………………………………………77 3.2.6 Combining quantitative and qualitative research ................................................... 77 3.3 Conclusion: Research methodology of the study ......................................................... 79 Chapter 4: Institutional Conditions and Policies. Translating in the European Union Institutions and the European Central Bank.................................................................. 82 4.1 The translation policy in European Union institutions ................................................... 82 4.2 The European Central Bank ........................................................................................ 85 4.2.1 The European Central Bank’s status ..................................................................... 85 4.2.2 The linguistic regime of the European Central Bank .............................................. 88 5 4.2.3
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