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Letters. with an English Translation by Roy J. Deferrari

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Letters. with an English Translation by Roy J. Deferrari THE XOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOUNDED BY JAMES LOEB, LL.D. EDITED BY T. E. PAGE, C.H., MTT.D. E. CAPPS, PH.D., LL.D. W. H. D. ROUSE, litt.d. SAINT BASIL THE LETTERS IV SAINT BASIL, t ^e Gr. THE LETTERS WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY ROY J. DEFERRARI, Ph.D. OF THE CATHOLIC ITNIVERSITY OF AMERICA ADDRESS TO YOUNG MEN ON READING GREEK LITERATURE WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY ROY JOSEPH DEFERRARI AND MARTIN R. P. McGUIRE OF THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA IN FOUR VOLUMES IV LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS MCMXXXIV Printed in Oreat Britain PREFATORY NOTE The present volume marks the fourth and last of the collected Letters of St. Basil in the Loeb Classical Library and includes Letters CCXLIX to CCCLXVIIL Of these, the last two are here added to the corpus of Basil's letters for the first time. Furthermore, many of the later letters of this volume appear here with an English translation for the first time. Most of the dubia and spuria are included in this volume, and wherever possible I have attempted to summarize the best scholarly opinion regarding their authenticity and to add such new evidence as I have been able to find. The text of this fourth volume has been treated exactly as that of the second and third volumes. Letters CCXLIX to CCCLVI, exclusive of Letter CCCII, appear in the MS. known as Coisslinianus 237 (sig. = E), and do not occur in any of the other MSS. collated by me. Letters CCCII and CCCLVII to CCCLXVIII appear in no MS. collated by me. Accordingly, as in the preceding two volumes, the readings from E are my own, all others have been taken over from the Benedictine and Migne editions, and the sigla used in these editions, though often unique, have been kept in all cases. As hitherto, by editi antiqui I mean all editions prior to the Bene- dictine ; by editi all existing editions. PREFATORY NOTE For assistance in bringing the present volume to completion I wish to thank the members of my Greek Seminar during the academic years of 1928- 29 and 1929-30. I wish to thank also Sister M. J. Annette of the Sisters of Mercy of Hartford, Con- necticut, for very valuable assistance in preparing the MS. for the printer. At the completion of my entire task of four volumes, it would be ungrateful indeed did I not mention the unceasing patience and scholarly contributions throughout of Professor Edward Capps, one of the editors of the Loeb Classical Library. Roy J. Deferrari. $^ CONTENTS LETTER PAGE CCXLIX. WITHOUT ADDRESS, WITH KEFERENCK TO A PIOUS MAN 3 CCL. TO PATROPHILUS, BISHOP OF THE CHURCH OF AEGAE 3 CCLI. TO THE PEOPLE OF EVAESAR 9 CCLII. TO THE BISHOPS OF THE DIOCESE OF THE PONTUS 19 CCLIII. TO THE PRESBYTERS OF ANTIOCH .... 21 CCLIV. TO PELAGIUS, BISHOP OF SYRIAN LAODICEA. 23 CCLV. TO VITUS, BISHOP OF CHARRAE .... 25 CCLVI. TO OUR MOST BELOVED AND REVEREND BRO- THERS AND FELLOW-PRESBYTERS, ACACIUS, AETIUS, PAULUS AND SILVANUS, AND TO THE DEACONS 8ILVINUS AND LUCIUS, AND TO THE BEST OF OUR BROTHER MONKS, FROM BASIL, BISHOP 27 CCLVII. TO MONKS HARASSED BY THE ARIANS . 31 CCLVIII. TO BISHOP EPIPHANIUS 35 CCLIX. TO THE MONKS, PALLADIUS AND INNOCENT . 47 CCLX. TO BISHOP OPTIMUS 49 CCLXI. TO THE PEOPLE AT SOZOPOLIS 73 CCLXII. TO THE MONK URBICIUS 85 ' CCLXIII. TO THE WESTERNERS 89 CCLXIV. TO BARSES, BISHOP OF EDESSA, WHILE IN EXILE 101 CCLXV. TO EULOGIUS, ALEXANDER, AND HARPOCRA- TION, EXILED BISHOPS OF EGYPT . 105 CCLXVI. TO PETER, BISHOP OF ALEXANDRIA . 119 vii CONTENTS LETTER PAOE CCLXVII. TO BARSES, BISHOP OF EDESSA, WHILE IN EXILE 127 CCLXVIII. TO EUSEBIUS, WHILE IN EXILE . .131 CCLXIX. TO THE WIFE OF ARINTHAEUS, THE GENERAL, IN CONSOLATION . .135 CCLXX. WITHOUT ADDRESS, CONCERNING RAPE . 141 CCLXXI. TO MY COMRADE EUSEBIUS, IN RECOMMENDA- TION OF CYRIACUS THE PRESBYTER . 143 CCLXXII. TO SOPHRONIUS, THE MASTER .... 147 CCLXXIII. WITHOUT ADDRESS, ABOUT HERA . 153 CCLXXIV. TO HIMERIUS, THE MASTER 163 CCLXXV. WITHOUT ADDRESS, ABOUT HERA . 155 CCLXXVI. TO THE ELDER HAKMATIUS 157 CCLXXVII. TO THE LEARNED MAXIMUS 159 COLXXVIII. TO VALERIAN 163 CCIiXXIX. TO THE PREFECT MODESTUS 165 CCLXXX. TO THE PREFECT MODESTUS 167 CCLXXXI. TO THE PREFECT MODESTUS 169 OOLXXXII. TO A BISHOP 169 CCLXXXIII. TO A WIDOW 171 CCLXXXIV. TO A CBN8IT0R, REGARDING MONKS . 173 COLXXXV. WITHOUT ADDRESS, FOR THE PROTKOTION OF THE CHURCH 175 CCLXXX VI. TO A PRISON SUPERINTENDENT .... 177 CCLXXXVII. WITHOUT ADDRESS, REGARDING AVENGERS ^_7^ CCLXXXVIII. WITHOUT ADDRESS, REGARDING AVENGERS 181 CCLXXXIX. WITHOUT ADDRESS, RFOAPDTNO A WOMAN \ IN SORE DISTRESS 481 COXC. TO NECTARIU8 187 CCXCI. TO TIMOTHEUS, THE CHOBEPISCOPUS , 193 00X01 1, to' PALLADIUS 197 viii CONTENTS LETTER PAGE CCXCIII. TO JULIAN 199 CCXCIV. TO FESTUS AND MAGNUS 203 CCXCV. TO MONKS ^'20/ CCXCVI. TO A WIDOW "211 CCXCVII. TO A WIDOW 213 COXCVIII. WITHOUT ADDRESS, CONCERNING A DEVOUT MAN V21.5 CCXCIX. TO AN ASSESSOR OF TAXES 215 CCC. TO THE FATHER OF A STUDENT WHO HAS "^ DIED, CONSOLATORY '-5iJ^ CCCI. TO MAXIMUS, CONSOLATORY ..... 225 CCCII. TO THE WIFE OF BRISO, CONSOLATORY . 231 CCCIII, TO THE COMES PRIVATARUM 235 CCCIV, TO ABURGIUS 237 CCCV. WITHOUT ADDRESS, CONCERNING CERTAIN VIRTUOUS MEN 237 CCCVI. TO THE GOVERNOR OF SEBASTE .... 239 CCCVII. WITHOUT ADDRESS 241 CCCVIII. WITHOUT ADDRESS, CONCERNING PROTEC- TION 245 CCCIX. WITHOUT ADDRESS, CONCERNING A NEEDY PERSON 245 CCCX, WITHOUT ADDRESS, IN BEHALF OF RELA- TIVES . 247 CCCXI. TO A SUPERIOR 249 CCCXII. TO AN ASSESSOR OF TAXES 249 CCCXIII. TO AN ASSESSOR OF TAXES 251 CCCXIV, WITHOUT ADDRESS, CONCERNING A SERVANT 253 CCCXV. WITHOUT ADDRESS, IN BEHALF OF A RELA- TIVE . 255 CCCXVI. WITHOUT ADDRESS, IN BEHALF OF ONE AFFLICTED 257 ix CONTENTS LETTER PAGE CCCXVII. WITHOUT ADDRESS, IN BEHALF OF A NEEDY PEESON 257 CCCXVIII. BELONGING TO BASIL, WITHOUT ADDRESS, IN BEHALF OF A COMPATRIOT . 259 CCCXIX. LIKEWISE, IN BEHALF OF A STRANGER . 261 CCCXX, WITHOUT ADDRESS, CONCERNING A SALU- TATION 263 OCCXXI. TO THECLA 265 CCCXXII. WITHOUT ADDRESS, CONCERNING SPENDING EASTER WITH A FRIEND 267 CCCXXIII. TO PHILAGRIUS ARCENUS 269 CCCXXIV. TO PASINICUS, A PHYSICIAN 271 OCOXXV. TO MAGNINIANUS 275 CCCXXVI. WITHOUT ADDRESS, CONVEYING AN ADMON- ITION 275 CCCXXVII. WITHOUT ADDRESS, CONVEYING AN EXHOK- TATION 277 CCCXXVIII. TO HYPERECHIUS 279 CCCXXIX. TO PHALERIUS 279 CCCXXX, WITHOUT ADDRESS 281 CCCXXXI. WITHOUT ADDRESS 231 CCCXXXII. ANOTHER LETTER WITHOUT ADDRESS . 281 CCOXXXIII. TO A SCRIBE 283 CCCXXXIV. TO A CALLIGRAPHIST 283 CCCXXXV. BASIL TO LIBANIUS 285 CCCXXXVI. LIBANIUS TO BASIL 287 CCCXXXVII. BASIL TO LIBANIUS 293 CCCXXXVIII. LIBANIUS TO BASIL 295 CCCXXXIX. BASIL TO LIBANIUS 297 CCCXL. LIBANIUS TO BASIL 301 OCOXLI. LIBANIUS TO BASIL 303 X CONTENTS LETTER PACE CCCXLII. BASIL TO LIBANIUS 305 CCCXLIII. LIBANIUS TO BASIL 307 CCCXLIV. BASIL TO LIBANIUS 307 COOXLV. LIBANIUS TO BASIL 309 CCCXLVI. LIBANIUS TO BASIL 313 CCCXLVII. LIBANIUS TO BASIL 315 CCCXLVIII. BASIL TO LIBANIUS 315 CCCXLIX. LIBANIUS TO BASIL 317 CCCL. BASIL TO LIBANIUS 319 CCCLI. BASIL TO LIBANIUS 319 CCCLII. LIBANIUS TO BASIL 321 CCCLIII. BASIL TO LIBANIUS 323 CCCLIT. LIBANIUS TO BASIL 323 CCCLV. LIBANIUS TO BASIL 325 CCCLVL BASIL TO LIBANIUS 327 CCCLVII. LIBANIUS TO BASIL 327 CCCLVIII. LIBANIUS TO BASIL 327 CCCLIX. BASIL TO LIBANIUS 329 CCCLX. PROM HIS LETTER TO JULIAN THE APOS- TATE 329 CCCLXI. TO APOLLINARIUS 331 CCCLXII. APOLLINARIUS TO BASIL 337 CCCLXIII. TO APOLLINARIUS 341 CCCLXIV. APOLLINARIUS TO BASIL 343 CCCLXV. BASIL TO THE GREAT EMPEROR THEO- DOSIUS 347 CCCLXVI. BASIL TO URBIOIUS, A MONK, ON CON- :"': TINENCE i^ CCCLXVII. TO BASIL THE GREAT 355 CCCLXVIII. BASIL THE GREAT TO GREGORY .... 357 APPENDIX 359 xi CONTENTS PACE ST. BASIL'S ADDRESS TO YOUNG MEN ON HOW THEY MIGHT DERIVE BENEFIT \ FROM GREEK LITERATURE . 363' INDEX OF REFEEBNCES TO SCRIPTURE .... 437 INDEX OF PROPER NAMES ...... 445 INDEX OF REFERENCES TO GREEK AND LATIN LITERATURE 458 THE BASII^LIBANIUS CORRESPONDENCE (Letters CCCXXXV to CGCLIX) LiBANius was the greatest of the pagan rhetoricians of the fourth century. Basil was for a short period one of his pupils ; and Libanius is said to have pos- sessed great admiration for the extraordinary intelligence and virtue of the young Christian. Twenty-five letters, CCCXXXV to CCCLIX, in the Benedictine edition of Basil's letters have been ascribed to a correspondence between these two men. The authenticity of this correspondence, however, has been the subject of much dispute. The general status of the question to-day may be summarized as follows : Letters CCGXXXVI to CCCXLIII, and Letters CCCXLV and CCCLVIII, are authentic because of their position in the manu- script tradition and because of the historical informa- tion contained therein; Letters CCGXLIV and CCGXLVI are authentic because of their position next to Letter CCCXLV in the Aa family, and because of the relation of Letter CCCXLIV to Letter CCCXLIII; Letters CCCXLVII to CCGLVI are spurious in spite of the mention of the speech of Libanius in several of them, since they are ignored in the best manuscripts both of Basil and Libanius, xiii THE BASII^LIBANIUS CORRESPONDENCE and since their content and style are quite unworthy of the two men ; Letters CCCLVII and CCCLIX are spurious or at least very doubtful, because they are lacking in all the Basilian manuscripts and no positive reason exists for considering them authentic. The entire question, however, needs to be studied anew, especially in the light of our new know- ledge of the manuscript tradition and of our better understanding of St. Basil's language. The following works will give the reader a history of the controversy and a detailed presentation of the status of the question : " Pauly-Wissowa : Realencyclopaedie, Art. Libanios," Vol.
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