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El Sultanato Nazarí De Granada Y La Frontera (S
EL SULTANATO NAZARÍ DE GRANADA Y LA FRONTERA (S. XIII-XV)1 The Nasrid Sultanate of Granada and the Border (12th-15th Centuries) Diego Melo Carrasco2 Recibido: 7 de octubre de 2019 Aprobado: 20 de diciembre de 2019 Resumen: El presente artículo ingresa en la complejidad de las relaciones fronterizas entre Castilla y Granada durante los siglos XIII-XV. A partir del nacimiento del sultanato Nazarí, pareció definirse una relación, a ratos contradictoria y otras veces, colaborativa, entre ambos mundos. La frontera, espacio que se configura a partir de realidades distintas que se enfrentan, se percibió, desde siempre, como un ámbito dinámico en donde la violencia se hizo presente, sobre todo manifestada a partir del “azote” de la cautividad, pero donde, a la vez, llegaron establecerse vinculaciones pacíficas a partir del mecanismo de las treguas. Palabras clave: Sultanato Nazarí, Granada, Castilla, Frontera. Abstract: This article reviews the complexity of border relations between Castile and Granada during the 13th-15th centuries. After the birth of the Nasrid sultanate, a relationship that was at times contradictory and sometimes collaborative was aparently established between both worlds. The border, a space that is configured based on different realities that confront each other, was always perceived as a dynamic environment where violence became present, expressed especially by the “scourge” of captivity, but where, at the same time, peaceful bonds were established based on truces. Keywords: Nasrid Sultanate, Granada, Castile, Border. 1 La presente síntesis se ha realizado a partir de los siguientes trabajos: Melo, D. (2008). “Características y proyección de las treguas entre Castilla y Granada durante los siglos XIII, XIV y XV”. -
Seville- the Pearl of Andalusia - Under the Arab-Islamic Rule
Historical Research Letter www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3178 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0964 (Online) Vol.43, 2017 Seville- the Pearl of Andalusia - Under the Arab-Islamic Rule Sahar A.M. Al-Majali, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Department of Social & Applied Science, Princess Alia University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, P.O. Box: (144211) Amman (11814) Jordan Abstract Remarkable development was recorded by Seville under the spell of Islamic rule, first under the Umayyad dynasty, then under the Almoravids and thereafter under the Almohad rulers. The Umayyad rulers transformed the city from the Roman-Gothic vestiges into a thriving city pulsating with economic, commercial and cultural activities. Special attention was paid by the Umayyad rulers maintain defence of the city and ensure all-round progress its people. Under the Almoravid rule, Seville seldom witnessed any noticeable development activity. However, the Almohad rulers revived the development dynamics by constructing buildings, improving public infrastructure and facilities for the people. Multifaceted development attained by Seville, especially under the Umayyad rule, earned it the appellation of “Peal of Andalusia”. Keywords : Seville, Andalusia, Umayyad’s, Almoravids, Almohads 1. Introduction I. Subject of the Study: Seville – the Pearl of Andalusia - Under the Arab- Islamic Rule II. Problem of the Study : To analyze the role and contribution of Medieval Arab Islamic rule in influencing various aspects of development of Seville III. Limitations of the Study: This analysis is limited to developments in various fields of Seville under the Medieval Arab Islamic rule, especially under the Umayyad dynasty, Almoravid rulers and the Almohad rules of Seville. IV. Theoretical Framework of the Study : It is a historical topic and no theoretical framework has been developed. -
RECONQUEST and REPOPULATION Ence Close to the Church of a Spring Enclosed by Ma- from North Africa Who Overthrew the Visigothic King- Sonry of the Same Period
RECONQUEST AND REPOPULATION ence close to the church of a spring enclosed by ma- from North Africa who overthrew the Visigothic king- sonry of the same period. It is likely that the site was dom in 711. Modern historians have questioned the part of a royal estate. validity of this traditional concept, but Derek Lomax ROGER COLLINS pointed out that the Reconquest was “an ideal invented by Spanish Christians soon after 711” and developed Bibliography in the ninth-century kingdom of Asturias. Given the failure of the Muslims to occupy the Collins, R., Early Medieval Spain: Unity in Diversity, entire Iberian Peninsula, several tiny, independent 400–1000. London, 1983, 108–45. kingdoms and counties emerged in the foothills of the Navascue´s, J. M. de. La dedicacio´n de San Juan de Ban˜os. Palencia, 1961. Cantabrian and Pyrenees mountains, namely, Asturias, Thompson, E. A. The Goths in Spain. Oxford, 1969, Leo´n, Castile, Navarre, Arago´n, and Catalonia. The 199–210. idea of reconquest originated in Asturias, where King Pelayo (718–737), the leader of a hardy band of moun- taineers, proclaimed his intention to achieve the salus RECEMUND Spanie—the “salvation of Spain”—and the restoration Bishop of Elvira and caliphal secretary (mid-tenth cen- of the Gothic people. His victory over the Muslims at tury). Known to the Arabs as Rabi ibn Sid al-Usquf, Covadonga in 722 is traditionally taken as the begin- the Christian Recemund served as a secretary under ning of the Reconquest. A ninth-century chronicler af- the caliph Abd al-Rah.ma¯n III (929–961). -
The Medieval Globe
The Medieval Globe Volume 2 Number 1 Article 1 December 2015 The Medieval Globe 2.1 (2016) Carol Symes University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/tmg Part of the Ancient, Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Art and Architecture Commons, Classics Commons, Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, Comparative Literature Commons, Comparative Methodologies and Theories Commons, Comparative Philosophy Commons, Medieval History Commons, Medieval Studies Commons, and the Theatre History Commons Recommended Citation Symes, Carol (2015) "The Medieval Globe 2.1 (2016)," The Medieval Globe: Vol. 2 : No. 1 , Article 1. Available at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/tmg/vol2/iss1/1 This Complete Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the Medieval Institute Publications at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Medieval Globe by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE MEDIEVAL GLOBE Volume 2.1 | 2016 THE MEDIEVAL GLOBE The Medieval Globe provides an interdisciplinary forum for scholars of all world areas by focusing on convergence, movement, and interdependence. Contri not encompass the globe in any territorial sense. Rather, TMG advan ces a new butions to a global understanding of the medieval period (broadly defined) need theory and praxis of medieval studies by bringing into view phenomena that have been rendered practically or conceptually invisible by anachronistic boundaries, categories, and expectations. TMG also broadens dis cussion of the ways that medieval processes inform the global present and shape visions of the future. -
Lordship of Negroponte
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/LatinEmpire2.png Lordship of Negroponte From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2007) Lordship of Negroponte Nigropont Client state* 1204–1470 → ← The Latin Empire with its vassals and the Greek successor states after the partition of the Byzantine Empire, c. 1204. The borders are very uncertain. Capital Chalkis (Negroponte) Venetian officially, Language(s) Greek popularly Roman Catholic Religion officially, Greek Orthodox popularly Political structure Client state Historical era Middle Ages - Principality 1204 established - Ottoman Conquest 1470 * The duchy was nominally a vassal state of, in order, the Kingdom of Thessalonica, the Latin Empire (from 1209), the Principality of Achaea (from 1236), but effectively, and from 1390 also de jure, under Venetian control The Lordship of Negroponte was a crusader state established on the island of Euboea (Italian: Negroponte) after the partition of the Byzantine Empire following the Fourth Crusade. Partitioned into three baronies (terzieri) run by a few interrelated Lombard families, the island soon fell under the influence of the Republic of Venice. From ca. 1390, the island became a regular Venetian colony as the Kingdom of Negroponte (Regno di Negroponte). Contents • 1 History o 1.1 Establishment o 1.2 Succession disputes o 1.3 Byzantine interlude o 1.4 Later history • 2 List of rulers of Negroponte o 2.1 Triarchy of Oreos o 2.2 Triarchy of Chalkis o 2.3 Triarchy of Karystos • 3 References • 4 Sources and bibliography History Establishment According to the division of Byzantine territory (the Partitio terrarum imperii Romaniae), Euboea was awarded to Boniface of Montferrat, King of Thessalonica. -
Los Reyes Musulmanes De Murcia
MVRGETANA. ISSN: 0213-0939. Número 143, Año LXXI, 2020. Págs. 51-60. LOS REYES MUSULMANES DE MURCIA ANTONIO DE LOS REYES Resumen: Ibn Mardanix e Ibn Hub como reyes de Murcia..Por ellos Murcia medieval musulmana fue importante. Apunte biográfico sobre sus vidas destacando su comportamiento humano. La presencia almohade y los enfrentamientos entre musulmanes. Los acuerdos con los reinos cris- tianos y la importante llegada de Alfonso X el Sabio a Murcia. Palabras clave: Reino, vida pacífica, africanos, independencia, parias. Abstract: Ibn Mardanix and Ibn Hub as kings of Murcia. For them medieval Muslim Murcia was important. Biographical notes about their lives highlighting their human behavior. Almohade presence and clashes between Muslims. The agreements with the Christian kingdoms and the important arrival of Alfonso X the Wise to Murcia. Keywords: Kingdom, peaceful life, Africans, independence, wolf. Ya Cascales1 encontró reyes del reino de Murcia en visires, delegados y emires depedientes de califas árabes. En realidad es un calificativo puesto por los historia- 1 Francisco Cascales, Discursos históricos de la muy noble y muy leal ciudad de Murcia y su reyno, 3ª ed., Miguel Tornel y Olmos 1874, págs. 17,18, 23. y 4ª ed. 1980, Real Academia Alfonso X el Sabio, facsímil de 1775. 52 ANTONIO DE LOS REYES dores que parten de la consideración que el rey Alfonso X tuvo con los murcianos musulmanes que en esos momentos gobernaban, pacificamente, la ciudad y que se la entregaron, y él permitioles usar el título de Reyes de Murcia. En realidad, los murcianos andaban un tanto desconcertados pues en un prin- cipio tuvieron un origen cartaginés, después romano, visigodo, a continuación lle- garon los árabes. -
LAS SALINAS DE SANGONERA LA SECA Y LIBRILLA EN LA REGIÓN DE MURCIA Papeles De Geografía, Núm
Papeles de Geografía ISSN: 0213-1781 [email protected] Universidad de Murcia España Albaladejo-García, José Antonio; Gómez-Espín, José María ESPACIOS SALINEROS DE INTERIOR: LAS SALINAS DE SANGONERA LA SECA Y LIBRILLA EN LA REGIÓN DE MURCIA Papeles de Geografía, núm. 62, 2016, pp. 34-46 Universidad de Murcia Murcia, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=40749621004 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Geography Papers 2016, 62 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/geografia/2015/208891 ISSN: 1989-4627 SALINE INTERIOR SPACES: THE SALTWORKS OF SANGONERA LA SECA AND LIBRILLA IN THE REGION OF MURCIA José Antonio Albaladejo García y José María Gómez Espín1. University of Murcia2. 1. INTRODUCTION In the Depression Prelitoral in Murcia, terms of Murcia and Librilla, stand several indoor salt linked to the drying of sea intrusion and gypsum marl outcrop of Messiniense. The presence of this salt material traversed by a stream generated by the brine, which together with the rainfall poverty and the high number of hours of sunshine annually in semiarid environment as the Southeast of the Iberian Peninsula, allow ordering these spaces for precipitation salt (GIL GUIRADO et al., 2010a); as in the boulevard of Salinas in Sangonera la Seca (Murcia), or the boulevard of Oron river in Librilla. (Figure 1). FIGURE 1 Geographic location of the study area. Basin of the boulevard of Salinas and Basin of the boulevard of Librilla or Orón river. -
Development of Sciences in Muslim Spain T
DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCES IN MUSLIM SPAIN ABSTRACT *<>£ TNESIS SubiviiTTEd FOR TNE DEQREE of itftttfr nf piftl000jrijB i» ISLAMIC STUDIES Sy Aicm Malifi %han UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF PROF. M. SALIM KIDWAI T- S*°3° DEPARTMENT OF ISLAMIC STUDIES ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 1997 Spain had remained a part of Muslim world with its conquest by the Muslims in 711 A.D. till the downfall of their rule in 149? A.D. During this period of about eight hundred years many dynasties established there and rul«»d either on the whole peninsula or a part of it. Muslim Spain is also remarkable for the contributions of its scholars to various fields of learnings. These include the Islamic Sciences, the language and literature and other sciences, such as mathematics, medicine, geography, botany, agronomy, astronomy and others. Earlier, various nations, civilizations and races had worked on either all or some of them. However, having become in need of their development they continued to work and made inventions and discoveries. The Babylonians, the Egyptians, the Greeks, the Chinese, the Romans, Mayas, the Hindus and the Japanies are the most important civilizations and nations among them. The beginning of these sciences is traced back to about 2700 B.C. when, it is said that the Babylonians started contributing to the field of mathematics. All these civilizations produced various scholars who worked on different fields. With the establishment of Muslim society they also started contributing to all the branches of learning. The development of sciences in Muslim Spain is said to be started with the introduction of the Rasa'il of Ikhwan 2 al-safa' by al-Majriti. -
Ibn Tūmart's Teachers: the Relationship with Al-Ghazālī
Al-Qantara, vol. 18, nº 2 (1997) IBN TÜMART'S TEACHERS: THE RELATIONSHIP WITH AL-GHAZÀLÎ MADELEINE FLETCHER Tufts University The intelectual profile of Almohadism can be established from a large number of texts. The writings of Averroes, Ibn Tufayl, Muhyî al-Din Ibn al-*'Arabî and others show the wide spectrum of ideas current in this twelfth century renaissance period in Spain and the Maghreb. Elements common both to this sophisticated cultural flowering and to the teaching of Ibn Tûmart, the Berber jurist who started the Almohad movement in the Atlas mountains at the beginning of the century, show the relationship of the Almohad renaissance to the previous intellectual climate in Spain as well as to the intellectual world of eastern Islam. In establishing this intellectual context of Almohadism, the relationship between Ibn Tûmart and Abu Hamid al-Ghazàlï is of great interest. This article focuses on the evidence for this relationship, showing how al-Ghazâlî played at least a symbolic, and probably a substantive role in the development of the ideological split between Almoravids and Almohads. Like most other Muslim religious scholars, Ibn Tûmart traveled for the purpose of study. From 500 to 514 A. H. (1106/7-1120 A. D.), according to various sources, he went to Cordoba and then to the east: Alexandria, Syria, Mecca and Baghdad. For this period in Ibn Tûmart's life, there are discrepancies as to names of teachers, dates and places among the accounts. In the most important example, nine out of ten sources say that Ibn Tûmart met al-Ghazalï, Ibn al-Athïr being the only one to deny it. -
Revised Identities of the Almoravid Dynasty and Almohad Caliphate and Al- Bayan Al-Mugrib Rolando J
Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont CMC Senior Theses CMC Student Scholarship 2014 Pieces of a Mosaic: Revised Identities of the Almoravid Dynasty and Almohad Caliphate and al- Bayan al-mugrib Rolando J. Gutierrez Claremont McKenna College Recommended Citation Gutierrez, Rolando J., "Pieces of a Mosaic: Revised Identities of the Almoravid Dynasty and Almohad Caliphate and al-Bayan al- mugrib" (2014). CMC Senior Theses. Paper 844. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/844 This Open Access Senior Thesis is brought to you by Scholarship@Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in this collection by an authorized administrator. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 CLAREMONT McKENNA COLLEGE PIECES OF A MOSAIC: REVISED IDENTITIES OF THE ALMORAVID DYNASTY AND ALMOHAD CALIPHATE AND ALBAYAN ALMUGRIB SUBMITTED TO PROFESSOR HEATHER FERGUSON AND PROFESSOR KENNETH B. WOLF AND DEAN NICHOLAS WARNER BY ROLANDO J. GUTIERREZ FOR SENIOR THESIS SPRING 2014 APRIL 28, 2014 2 3 Abstract This study seeks to clarify the identities of the Almoravid and Almohad Berber movements in the larger Crusade narrative. The two North African Islamic groups are often carelessly placed within the group identified as “Islam” in discussions about the series of military campaigns that took place not only in the traditional Holy Land but also throughout regions of the Mediterranean such as Spain; this generalized identifier of “Islam” is placed against a much more complex group of generally Christian parties, all of them seen as separate, unique groups under the umbrella identifier of Christianity. This foray into a late 13th century North African Arabic history of the two groups will attempt to build a more robust identity for the two groups. -
POLLY DUXFIELD the Siege and Conquest of Cordoba in the Crónica Particular De San Fernando: a Translation and Discussion
AUTHOR Polly Duxfield ARTICLE TITLE The Siege and Conquest of Cordoba in the Crónica particular de San Fernando: A Translation and Discussion Modern Humanities Research Association (MHRA) Polly Duxfield, ‘The Siege and Conquest of Cordoba in the Crónica particular de San Fernando: A Translation and Discussion’, Xanthos: A Journal of Foreign Literatures and Languages, 1 (2019), 37-46 <http://xanthosjournal.com/issues-issue1-06-duxfield> Modern Languages Association (MLA) Duxfield, Polly. "The Siege and Conquest of Cordoba in the Crónica particular de San Fernando: A Translation and Discussion". Xanthos: A Journal of Foreign Literatures and Languages, vol. 1, 2019, pp. 37-46. XanthosJournal, <http://xanthosjournal.com/issues-issue1-06-duxfield> Chicago Manual of Style Polly Duxfield, "The Siege and Conquest of Cordoba in the Crónica particular de San Fernando: A Translation and Discussion," Xanthos: A Journal of Foreign Literatures and Languages 1 (2019): 37-36, <http://xanthosjournal.com/issues-issue1-06-duxfield> This work, and all articles in Issue 1 of Xanthos, are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Under this license, you are free to share the material (i.e. copy and redistribute in any medium or format) and to adapt the material (remix, transform, and build upon it). However, when doing so you must give appropriate credit (including citing the article in any of your own publications), and may not use the material for any commercial purposes. For more information, see <creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/>. POLLY DUXFIELD The Siege and Conquest of Cordoba in the Crónica particular de San Fernando: A Translation and Discussion This article contains a translation into Modern English and discussion of one chapter from the Crónica particular de San Fernando, a fourteenth-century chronicle originally written in medieval Castilian prose, detailing the life of King Ferdinand III of Castile-Leon (r. -
Reaching a New Understanding of the Andalusi Ulama of the Taifa Kings
REACHINREACHINGG AA NENEWW UNDERSTANDINUNDERSTANDINGG OOFF THTIlEE ANDALUSIANDALUSl 'ULAMA'ULAMA'OFTIlE' OF THE TAIFTAIFAA KINGKINGSS ERERAA (1013-1086(1013-1086)) bbyy WilliaWilliamm MM.. MalMalczyckczyckii A thesithesiss submittedsubmitted ttoo ththee facultfacultyy ooff thethe UniversityUniversity ooff UtahUtah iinn partiapartiall fulfillmentfulfillment ooff ththee requirementrequirementss foforr ththe degredegreee ofof MasterMaster ooff ArtsArts inm MiddleMiddle EastEast StudiesStudies -~ HistoryHistory DepartmentDepartment ofof LanguaLanguagegess andand LiteratureLiterature TheThe UUniversitniversityy ofof UtahUtah AugustAugust 20012001 CopyCopyrighrightt © WilliaWilliamm MM.. MalczyckMalczyckii 20012001 AllAll RightRightss ReservedReserved THE UNIVERSITY OF UTAH GRADUATE SCHOOL SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE APPROVAL of a thesis submitted by William. M. Malczycki This thesis has been read by each member of the following supervisory committee and by majority vote has been found to be satisfactory. ���v� . Chair: Peter von Sivers Peter Sluglett ,),I t(/� ( rj Bernard Weiss THE UNIVERSITYOF UTAH FINAL READING APPROVAL To the Graduate Council of the University of Utah: I have read the thesis of William M. MalCk)'ckiin its final form and have found that (1) its format, citations, and bibliographic style are consistent and acceptable; (2) its illustrative materials including figures, tables, and charts are in place; and (3) the final manuscript is satisfactory to the supervisory committee ad is ready for submission to The Graduate School. Ij"--:-9