Corbyn Condemns 'Appalling Coup'
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Konsep Kedaulatan
KONSEP KEDAULATAN MENURUT AYATULLÂH KHOMEINI DAN BARON DE MONTESQUIEU SKRIPSI DIAJUKAN KEPADA FAKULTAS SYARI’AH UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGRI SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA UNTUK MEMENUHI SEBAGIAN SYARAT-SYARAT MEMPEROLEH GELAR SARJANA STRATA SATU DALAM ILMU HUKUM ISLAM OLEH ARIFUDDIN NIM: 02361160 PEMBIMBING 1. Dr. AHMAD YANI ANSHORI 2. Drs.OCKTOBERRINSYAH. M.Ag PERBANDINGAN MAZHAB DAN HUKUM FAKULTAS SYARI’AH UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA 2008 © 2008 Perpustakaan Digital UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta ABSTRAK Kedaulatan dalam kehidupan bernegara mempunyai peran yang sangat penting, karena kedaulatan merupakan simbol kekuasaan dalam sebuah negara. Berkaitan dengan kedaulatan sebuah negara adalah legitimasi bagi penguasa. Dalam wacana politik, dua hal tersebut sangat berkaitan antara satu dengan yang lainnya. Banyak tokoh yang telah menjelaskan perihal kedaulatan dalam negara melalui sistem pemerintahan, di antaranya Baron de Montesqueiu dan Ayatullâh Khomeini. Baron de Montesquieu (selanjutnya: Montesquieu) mengembangkan teori John Locke tentang pembagian kekuasaan dalam negara. Konsep yang digagas oleh Montesquieu menekankan, bahwa sistem pemerintahan harus dipisah/dibagi antara satu bagian dengan yang lain, agar tidak ada penguasa yang kejam, menindas terhadap rakyat, despotik dalam memimpin pemerintahan, karena sumber kekuasaan dalam negara berasal dari rakyat. Kemudian Montesquieu membagi kekuasaan menjadi kekuasaan Legislatif, Eksekutif dan Yudikataif. Berbeda dengan Montesquieu, Ayatullâh Khomeini (selanjutnya; Khomeini) seorang ulama Syi’ah Itsnâ’ Asy’ariyyah yang mengarsiteki langsung Wilâyah Faqîh sebagai sistem pemerintahan di Iran. Dalam sistem ini pemimpin tertinggi adalah faqih dibantu dengan tiga elemen legislatif, eksekutif (Presiden) dan yudikatif. Walaupun konsep atau gagasan Wilâyah Faqîh ini menggunakan konsep kedaulatan Tuhan, namun Khomeini tidak meninggalkan peran rakyat dalam menjalankan atau mengarahkan jalan pemerintahan, melalui pemilihan wakil di legislatif dan pemilihan presiden. -
Seminario Martedì 15 Novembre Dalle Guerre Persiane All'isis, Conflitti Di
Seminario Martedì 15 novembre Dalle guerre persiane all’Isis, conflitti di potere dietro ai veli della religione Relazione introduttiva di Alberto Zanconato Comincio dall’Iraq, e in particolare da Mosul, non solo perché questa città, dall’estate del 2014 ‘capitale’ irachena dell’Isis, è al centro dell’attualità in queste settimane, con l’offensiva delle forze lealiste per strapparla allo Stato islamico. Ma anche perché proprio l’Iraq, o almeno quello che oggi è il territorio iracheno, è stato teatro di alcuni degli episodi più sanguinosi nella lunga storia di 1 violenze, nella spirale di odi interconfessionali e interetnici che dobbiamo percorrere per spiegare la cronaca attuale. E per spiegarci anche la nascita dell’Isis. Leggendo i media in queste ultime settimane si ha l’impressione che il successo di questa campagna militare darà un colpo mortale all’Isis, alle sue azioni terroristiche, ponendo fine anche all’incubo in cui vive l’Occidente per il possibile ripetersi di attacchi come quelli avvenuti negli ultimi anni a Parigi, a Bruxelles, a Nizza e negli Stati Uniti. Mappa del territorio Isis (in grigio scuro) in Siria e Iraq prima dell’inizio dell’offensiva governativa irachena per riconquistare Mosul, nell’ottobre 2016l. In rosso i territori persi dal ‘Califfato’ nel 2015. In verde quelli conquistati nello stesso anno, in particolare Palmira, poi perduta nel marzo del 2016 e nuovamente conquistata nel dicembre 2016. In realtà io dubito che sia così. Prima di tutto, ovviamente, perché anche dopo la perdita di Mosul il ‘Califfato’ di Abu Bakr al Baghdadi potrà ancora contare su vasti territori, che dovranno essere riconquistati. -
Saddam Hussein
Saddam Hussein ﺻﺪام ﺣﺴﻴﻦ :Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti (/hʊˈseɪn/;[5] Arabic Marshal Ṣaddām Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Maǧīd al-Tikrītī;[a] 28 April ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻴﺪ اﻟﺘﻜﺮﻳﺘﻲ 1937[b] – 30 December 2006) was President of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 Saddam Hussein ﺻﺪام ﺣﺴﻴﻦ April 2003.[10] A leading member of the revolutionary Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and later, the Baghdad-based Ba'ath Party and its regional organization the Iraqi Ba'ath Party—which espoused Ba'athism, a mix of Arab nationalism and socialism—Saddam played a key role in the 1968 coup (later referred to as the 17 July Revolution) that brought the party to power inIraq . As vice president under the ailing General Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, and at a time when many groups were considered capable of overthrowing the government, Saddam created security forces through which he tightly controlled conflicts between the government and the armed forces. In the early 1970s, Saddam nationalized oil and foreign banks leaving the system eventually insolvent mostly due to the Iran–Iraq War, the Gulf War, and UN sanctions.[11] Through the 1970s, Saddam cemented his authority over the apparatus of government as oil money helped Iraq's economy to grow at a rapid pace. Positions of power in the country were mostly filled with Sunni Arabs, a minority that made up only a fifth of the population.[12] Official portrait of Saddam Hussein in Saddam formally rose to power in 1979, although he had already been the de 1979 facto head of Iraq for several years. -
Thorny Issues Abound for Steel Roses
CHINA DAILY | HONG KONG EDITION Wednesday, July 28, 2021 | 19 SPORTS OLYMPICS Thorny issues abound for Steel Roses Dutch demolition condemns women’s team to humiliating exit in Tokyo as inquest begins into squad’s sharp decline By SHI FUTIAN Team China star Wang Shuang, [email protected] once dubbed ‘Lady Messi’, made global headlines in 2018 when she Team China’s humiliating elimi- transferred to French giant Paris nation from the Olympic women’s Saint-Germain. soccer tournament on Tuesday Wang showed she belonged at the proved the squad’s reliance on its highest level by becoming the first old-school hard-work ethic is Chinese to score in the UEFA Wom- nowhere near enough to cut it at the en’s Champions League. highest level anymore. However, after a year-long stint in A shocking 8-2 thrashing at the Europe, she returned to the Chinese hands of the Netherlands sent the Women’s Super League with Wuhan ‘Steel Roses’ crashing out of Tokyo Chedu Jiangda, whom she helped to 2020, and underlined just how far the domestic title last year. Chinese women’s soccer has fallen She remains Team China’s stand- behind the game’s elite nations. out performer, as illustrated by the Fans reacted to the team’s capitu- 26-year-old’s four-goal haul in the lation with dismay online, with the draw with Zambia last weekend. hashtag “Feel sad for Wang Shuang” “During the match with Zambia, trending on social media, referring Wang Shuang only needed 17 min- to China’s star playmaker. -
Match Report NED Vs
International Stadium Yokohama Football 横浜国際総合競技場 サッカー / Football Stade International de Yokohama Women 女子 / Femmes TUE 27 JUL 2021 Group F Start Time: 20:30 一次ラウンド - グループF / Groupe F Match Report 公式記録 / Compte rendu du match Match 15 NED vs CHN 8:2 (3:1) Match Officials: Referee: MUKANSANGA Salima (RWA)Assistant Referee 1: KWIMBIRA Bernadettar (MAW)VAR: MILLOT Benoit (FRA) 4th Official: RIVET Maria (MRI) Assistant Referee 2: NJOROGE Mary (KEN) AVAR: JURISEVIC Edvin (USA) Match Commissioner: SAARINEN Outi (FIN) General Coordinator: MONTERROSA Mario (GUA) NED - Netherlands CHN - China [1] GK van VEENENDAAL Sari (C) [12] GK PENG Shimeng [2] DF WILMS Lynn ¦ HT [2] DF LI Mengwen [4] DF NOUWEN Aniek ¦ 73' [3] DF LIN Yuping « 30' [5] DF van DONGEN Merel [6] MF ZHANG Xin [6] MF ROORD Jill ¦ HT [7] MF WANG Shuang ¡ 28' [7] FW van de SANDEN Shanice £ 12' ¡ 45'+2 ¦ HT [8] MF WANG Yan « 44' ¦ 59' [10] MF van de DONK Danielle ¦ 62' [11] FW WANG Shanshan (C) £ 28' [11] FW MARTENS Lieke £ 47' ¡ 65' £ 70' [13] MF YANG Lina [14] MF GROENEN Jackie ¡ 12' [16] DF WANG Xiaoxue [17] DF JANSSEN Dominique ¡ 37' [17] DF LUO Guiping ¦ 27' [18] FW BEERENSTEYN Lineth £ 37' £ 45'+2 [20] FW XIAO Yuyi ¦ 59' Substitutes: Substitutes: [9] FW MIEDEMA Vivianne ¤ 62' £ 65' ¡ 70' £ 76' [9] MF MIAO Siwen [13] MF PELOVA Victoria ¤ HT £ 72' [10] MF WANG Yanwen ¤ 59' £ 69' [15] DF van ES Kika ¤ HT ¡ 47' [14] MF LIU Jing ¤ 59' ¡ 69' [16] GK KOP Lize [15] FW YANG Man [19] FW JANSEN Renate ¤ HT ¡ 76' [18] FW WURIGUMULA [20] MF KAAGMAN Inessa [19] MF WANG Ying ¤ 27' « 82' [21] DF DEKKER Anouk ¤ 73' [22] GK DING Xuan Head Coach WIEGMAN Sarina (NED) Head Coach JIA Xiuquan (CHN) Additional Time: First half: 4 min., second half: 3 min. -
A Retinue of Western Journalists Have Been Heralding the Daring HU
Dead Mice, No Roars: The Jordanian Intelligence Service (Mukhaabaraat) BY SIRAJ DAVIS retinue of Western journalists have been heralding the daring HU- MANINT (Human Intelligence) savvy Jordanian Mukhaabaraat A (correct transliteration is with double ‘a’s after the consonants ‘h’ and ‘r’) or GID (General Directorate of Intelligence), which—though unorthodox—is what few pundits aver is the precious missing jigsaw on the bewildering puzzle board contra terrorism. This formidable ally converses in the same argot as the elusive enemy and is accustomed to the enemy’s terrain and culture, since the opposition derives from their Siraj Davis has a Master of Arts in History and is currently a History and ESL teacher with a command of six languages, as well as a freelance journalist for human rights is- sues. He has taught and consulted on English language training for Oil and Aviation corporations, Department of Defense/Pentagon, Tourism and Computer industries, local and international businesses, Embassy diplomats, Royal and presidential family members, and more throughout Syria and Jordan, and even taught the Peshmerga military and Peshmerga orphans English in Kurdistan. He has also taught at numerous international schools throughout the Middle East. He has spent eight years research- ing examples of Low Intensity Conflicts across the world. While also simultaneously spending 6 years researching documenting, and helping Iraqi, Palestinian, Syrian, As- syrian, and Yazidi refugees in the Middle East. His first book was “Religious Fanati- cism and Abolition: Early 19th Century Marginalization of David Walker and Nat Turner” and he is currently working on his second book, The Pursuit of Love Against the War on Terrorism. -
MIDDLE EAST WATCH OVERVIEW Human Rights Developments The
MIDDLE EAST WATCH OVERVIEW Human Rights Developments The political earthquake that shook the Middle East on September 13, when Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) signed an interim self-government accord, may have marked the beginning of the end of the forty-five-year-old Arab-Israeli conflict. In the medium term, it may also come to mark a parallel improvement in human rights conditionsCnot just in the Israeli-occupied territories, but in those frontline states that have long used the conflict as a pretext for violations of the fundamental rights of their own peoples. Such aspirations could, equally, prove to be mere wishful thinking: human rights per se figured little in the interstate negotiations that took place during 1993, and few officials from any party to the talks, including the United States, publicly articulated concern for human rights. Under prodding, PLO Chairman Yassir Arafat was one of those who did, after the signing; but, misgivings persisted as to whether the PLO was truly committed to a future in which respect for human rights and a pluralistic democracy would be realized. In counterpoint, there were no early signs of an Israeli reassessment of long-established abusive policies and practices in the occupied territories. Welcome though the Israel-PLO agreement was as an augury of peace, in the region as a wholeCfrom the Maghreb states of North Africa to IranCthe accord was overshadowed by a broader conflict with pervasive implications for human rights: a contest for power, ideological domination, and control over social behavior between insurgent Islamists and established regimes, themselves often of little popular legitimacy and a secular, pro-Western cast. -
Saddam Hussein, Saddam Hussein Was the President of Iraq
Animal Farm Research Chapter.3 By: Zion and Caeleb The world leader we picked was Saddam Hussein, Saddam Hussein was the president of Iraq. He was born on April 28, 1937, in Al-Awja Iraq. Hussein was raised by his mother, her second husband Ibrahim alHassan and her brother Khairallah Talfah.Hussein's first wife, Sajida, was his first cousin, the daughter of his maternal uncle Khairallah Talfah. Many of Hussein's family members were part of his regime. Brotherinlaw Brig. General Adnan Khairallah was Minister of Defense. Sonsinlaw General Hussein Kamel, husband to Raghad Hussein, led Iraq's nuclear, chemical and biological weapons program and his brother, Colonel Saddam Kamel, husband to Rana Hussein, was in charge of the presidential security forces. Eldest son Uday was head of the Iraqi Olympic Committee and younger son Qusay was head of the Internal Security Forces. And halfbrother Busho Ibrahim was the Deputy Minister of Justice. 1956 Takes part in an unsuccessful coup to overthrow King Faisal II and Prime Minister Nuri asSaid.1957 Hussein formally joins the Baath Socialist Party.July 14, 1958 King Faisal is killed in a coup led by Abdul Karim Kassem.October 1959 Hussein and others attack the motorcade of Abdul Karim Kassem. The assassination attempt fails and most of the attackers are killed. Hussein escapes and flees to Syria. Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser hears of Hussein's exploits and arranges for him to travel to Cairo.February 8, 1963 Kassem is overthrown and executed, and the Baath Party takes over. -
Khomeini's Theory of Islamic State and the Making of the Iranian
Khomeini's Theory of Islamic State and the Making of the Iranian Revolution 1 Mehdi Shadmehr2 1I wish to thank Hassan Ansari, Charles Cameron, Jose Cheibub, Amaney Jamal, Ali Kadivar, Mehran Kamrava, Charles Kurzman, Paulina Marek, Charles Ragin, Kris Ramsay and seminar par- ticipants at the University of Rochester and the University of South Carolina, and MPSA Conference for helpful suggestions and comments. 2Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton. E-mail: [email protected]. Phone: (305) 747-5896. Abstract The Iranian Revolution is one of the most influential events of the late twentieth century, with far-reaching consequences that still echo through the rise of Islamic state. Drawing from both primary (interviews, autobiographies, documents, and data) and secondary sources, the paper shows that Khomeini's the doctrine of the Guardianship of the Jurist played a decisive role in the making of the Iranian Revolution by changing the goals and strategies of the religious opposition from reforming government policies to establishing an Islamic state. Khomeini's doctrine was first published in 1970 in his treatise, Islamic State. The paper argues that Khomeini's ideological innovation can account for the sharp contrast between the outcomes of widespread protests in the early 1960s and the late 1970s: they both shook the Pahlavi regime, but the former protests dissipated, while the latter culminated in the Iranian Revolution. Expanding the scope beyond Iran and Islam, the paper explores the role of ideological innovations in the Russian and American Revolutions, and discusses the potentially critical role of ideological innovations in democracy movements in Islamic countries. The revolution was in the minds and hearts of the people; a change in their religious sentiments, of their duties and obligations.. -
Bab Iii Transformasi Politik Dan Posisi Pemikiran Ali Syari’Ati Di Iran
BAB III TRANSFORMASI POLITIK DAN POSISI PEMIKIRAN ALI SYARI’ATI DI IRAN Dalam sejarahnya, Iran1, sebelum revolusi tahun 1979 yang menggulingkan dinasti Pahlevi, adalah bangsa yang mempunyai bentuk pemeritahan model monarki. Sejak jaman Cyrus yang mendirikan kerajaan Archaemenia pada era kuno dan Dinasti Safawi serta Dinasti Qajar, sistem pemerintahan yang ada saat itu adalah monarki. Sebenarnya Dinasti Qajar sudah meletakkan dasar-dasar pemerintahan yang mengarah pada bentuk pemerintahan yang lebih demokratis melalui Revolusi Konstitusional tahun 1906, akan tetapi dinasti yang menggantikan, yakni dinasti Pahlevi mengingkari konstitusi itu dan cenderung pada bentuk pemerintahan monarki- absolut. Revolusi Iran 1979 merupakan sesuatu yang monumental dalam sejarah Iran, bahkan sejarah umat Islam atau sejarah dunia, karena tradisi absolutisme politik dalam sistem pemeritahan monarki dapat diganti dengan sistem pemerintahan ulama bercampur dengan sistem demokrasi modern. Peristiwa penting itu sudah selayaknya mendapat apresiasi yang cukup memadai melalui kajian dan penelitian yang mendalam, untuk mendapatkan gambaran peristiwa yang komprehensif dan otentik. Maka, langkah pertama dalam mengkaji tentang revolusi Iran adalah menelisik jauh ke belakang sejarah Iran yang panjang dan berliku. Revolusi yang terjadi pada tahun 1979 bukanlah peristiwa yang berdiri sendiri dan a-historis. Revolusi itu 1 Iran, secara bahasa artinya dataran Arya. Secara geografis letaknya berada di timur Indo-Europeans (tempat asal suku bangsa Arya). Mereka bereksodus ke dataran Iran pada sekitar 2000 SM, sehingga merekalah nenek moyang bangsa Iran modern sekarang ini. Lihat Herodotus, The Histories, terj. Aubrey de Salincourt (London: Penguin Classics, 1996), hlm. 8 85 mempunyai akar geneologis dalam sejarah revolusi Iran pada masa silam dan sejarah bangsa itu yang kaya dan komplek. -
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August 5-24, 2014 August 2014 OUR GAME MAGAZINE U-20 Preview Editorial Team COVER Ruth Moore Our Game Magazine is expanding its regular coverage in 2014 to Brandi Ortega highlight the defending world champion US Under-20 team as Chris Meyers the Americans target their fourth title at this age level. Follow the campaign with OGM online at http://u20wwc.ourgamemag.com Contributors Samantha Mewis (writer) Caroline Charruyer (photographer) Subscription Info: SOCIAL [email protected] or http://www.ourgamemag.com/subscribe Connect to OurGameMagazine on your favorite social networks Customer Service: for the latest news and updates from the magazine: Address changes or billing inquiries to [email protected] Advertising Info: [email protected] Reprints and Permissions: [email protected] Letters to the Editor and other submissions: [email protected] Our Game Magazine is published four times a year by Our Game LLC. All content (unless otherwise noted) is Copyright ©2014 Our Game LLC. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without written permission is prohibited. Contents Coming of Age: My Youth National Team Experience PERSPECTIVE Samantha Mewis As a member of the U.S. 2008 U-17 and 2010 U-20 Women’s World Cup teams, Sam Mewis played alongside her older sister Kristie, making the duo the first pair of sisters to 6 represent the United States at a Women’s World Cup at any level. Mewis writes about the ups and downs of her youth national team experience and how they’ve impacted her relationship with her sister. Contents TOURNAMENT SCHEDULE 4 GROUP OVERVIEWS 11 U.S. -
Staff and Students
KIB STAFF AND STUDENTS HAN Min CHEN Shao-Tian WANG Ying JI Yun-Heng Director: XUAN Yu CHEN Wen-Yun LI De-Zhu DUAN Jun-Hong GU Shuang-Hua The Herbarium Deputy Directors: PENG Hua (Curator) SUN Hang Sci. & Tech. Information Center LEI Li-Gong YANG Yong-Ping WANG Li-Song ZHOU Bing (Chief Executive) LIU Ji-Kai LI Xue-Dong LIU Ai-Qin GAN Fan-Yuan WANG Jing-Hua ZHOU Yi-Lan Director Emeritus: ZHANG Yan DU Ning WU Zheng-Yi WANG Ling HE Yan-Biao XIANG Jian-Ying HE Yun-Cheng General Administrative Offi ce LIU En-De YANG Qian GAN Fan-Yuan (Head, concurrent WU Xi-Lin post) ZHOU Hong-Xia QIAN Jie (Deputy Head) Biogeography and Ecology XIONG De-Hua Department Other Members ZHAO JI-Dong Head: ZHOU Zhe-Kun SHUI Yu-Min TIAN Zhi-Duan Deputy Head: PENG Hua YANG Shi-Xiong HUANG Lu-Lu HU Yun-Qian WU Yan CAS Key Laboratory of Biodiversity CHEN Wen-Hong CHEN Xing-Cai (Retired Apr. 2006) and Biogeography YANG Xue ZHANG Yi Director: SUN Hang (concurrent post) SU Yong-Ge (Retired Apr. 2006) Executive Director: ZHOU Zhe-Kun CAI Jie Division of Human Resources, Innovation Base Consultant: WU Master' s Students Zheng-Yi CPC & Education Affairs FANG Wei YANG Yun-Shan (secretary) WU Shu-Guang (Head) REN Zong-Xin LI Ying LI De-Zhu' s Group LIU Jie ZENG Yan-Mei LI De-Zhu ZHANG Yu-Xiao YIN Wen WANG Hong YU Wen-Bin LI Jiang-Wei YANG Jun-Bo AI Hong-Lian WU Shao-Bo XUE Chun-Ying ZHANG Shu PU Ying-Dong GAO Lian-Ming ZHOU Wei HE Hai-Yan LU Jin-Mei DENG Xiao-Juan HUA Hong-Ying TIAN Xiao-Fei LIU Pei-Gui' s Group LIANG Wen-Xing XIAO Yue-Qin LIU Pei-Gui QIAO Qin ZHANG Chang-Qin Division of Science and TIAN Wei WANG Xiang-Hua Development MA Yong-Peng YU Fu-Qiang WANG Yu-Hua (Head) SHEN Min WANG Yun LI Zhi-Jian ZHU Wei-Dong MA Xiao-Qing SUN Hang' s Group NIU Yang YUE Yuan-Zheng SUN Hang YUE Liang-Liang LI Xiao-Xian NIE Ze-Long LI Yan-Chun TIAN Ning YUE Ji-Pei FENG Bang NI Jing-Yun ZHA Hong-Guang XIA Ke HU Guo-Wen (Retired Jun.