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Wesser2016.Pdf (4.804Mb) This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Kinship, State, and Ritual: Jugendweihe – A Secular Coming-of-age Ritual in Socialist and Post-socialist Eastern Germany Grit Wesser PhD Social Anthropology – The University of Edinburgh – 2016 Declaration I hereby declare that this thesis is my own work and has not been submitted for any other degree or professional qualification. ……………………………… 30 June 2016 Signature Date Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................... iii Abstract .................................................................................................................. ix Introduction............................................................................................................. 1 Theoretical Orientations: ‘Post-socialism’, Ritual, and Kinship ................................... 3 Fieldsite: Gera, Thuringia ................................................................................................. 18 Methodology ...................................................................................................................... 25 Chapter Summaries ........................................................................................................... 38 Intermezzo: The Big Day ...................................................................................... 43 Chapter 1 Kinship and Politics: Jugendweihe as Part of the Eastern German Life Cycle ...................................................................................................................... 53 The GDR’s Pro-natal Policies and Socialist Feminism ............................................... 59 Tying the Knot or Not: Becoming a Parent, Marriage, and Divorce ........................ 62 The Unpopularity of Other Socialist Life Cycle Rituals .............................................. 68 Love & Sexuality: The Age of Consent ......................................................................... 72 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 77 Chapter 2 Jugendweihe and Protestant Confirmation: From Minority to Majority and Back (to the Future) ....................................................................................... 81 Jugendweihe and Being ‘Konfessionslos’ ...................................................................... 85 The Emergence and Spread of the Jugendweihe Ritual .............................................. 88 Jugendweihe as a GDR State Tool of Secularization ................................................... 93 ‘Freiwilliger Zwang’ (Voluntary Coercion): Negotiating Agency and Authority ... 102 ‘Voluntary Coercion’ Revisited: Assessing the Past in the Present .......................... 105 The Jugendweihe Pledge and its Disappearance ........................................................ 110 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 113 Chapter 3 Inculcating Collectivity: Jugendweihe and School ............................. 117 The GDR School System ............................................................................................... 122 Enrolment for Jugendweihe .......................................................................................... 125 The GDR Youth Lessons and Preparing for Jugendweihe Today .......................... 127 Celebrating as a School Class: Friends and the ‘Klassenverband’ ........................... 134 The Defunct Role of Teachers as Moral Guides ........................................................ 137 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 143 Chapter 4 On Roots and Wings: The Jugendweihe Family Celebration............ 147 The Consumption of ‘Coffee & Cake’ ......................................................................... 149 Toasting and Dining ....................................................................................................... 160 Gift-giving ........................................................................................................................ 163 Conviviality ...................................................................................................................... 170 Gift-giving and Conviviality: Money & Work ............................................................ 175 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 178 Chapter 5 ‘Frugal Inequalities’: Jugendweihe as a Site of Distinction-making .. 181 The GDR’s Social Structure .......................................................................................... 184 Demarcating Confirmation from Jugendweihe Participants .................................... 189 The Cost of Celebrating the Jugendweihe Ceremony .............................................. 191 The Cost of the Family Celebration: Hospitality and Gifts ..................................... 197 Changes in Gift-giving ................................................................................................... 203 Conclusion....................................................................................................................... 209 Chapter 6 The Jugendweihe Association: Keeping it in the ‘Family’?................ 211 The Association Family: The Struggle for the Cause of Jugendweihe ................... 212 The Family within the Family: A Matter of Trust ..................................................... 219 Kinning Eastern German Society ................................................................................ 223 Tensions over Ritual Authority I: The Jugendweihe Ceremony Fee ...................... 225 Tensions over Ritual Authority II: The Jugendweihe Design ................................. 229 The GDR Jugendweihe: Decentralising a Ritual in a Centrally Planned Economy ........................................................................................................................................... 232 Conclusion....................................................................................................................... 234 Chapter 7 Ghosts of Cold War Memories ........................................................... 237 Divergent Historiographies and Family Histories ..................................................... 242 The Jugendweihe Tradition .......................................................................................... 249 Political Affiliations & Not Feeling at Home ............................................................ 258 The Ossi and ‘Second-Class’ Citizenship.................................................................... 261 Conclusion....................................................................................................................... 265 Conclusion .......................................................................................................... 269 Bibliography ........................................................................................................ 279 Table of Maps Map 1: Location of Thuringia in Germany ............................................................................ 19 Map 2: East Thuringian Region ............................................................................................... 21 Map 3: Gera City and its districts (incorporated villages) .................................................... 24 Table of Figures Figure 1: Gera Theatre, concert hall, May 2013 ................................................................... 46 Figure 2: Stage set for Jugendweihe ceremony, Gera, June 2013 ...................................... 46 Figure 3: Dance performance by Bewegungsküche; Altenburg, April 2013 .......................... 47 Figure 4: Performance by a cappella group Die NotenDealer; Gera, April 2013 ............... 48 Figure 5: Members of a dance group present a rose to the initiands, Gera, June 2013 .. 49 Figure 6: Photographers taking pictures of the initiated, Gera, June 2013 ...................... 50 Figure 7: Kaffeetafel ............................................................................................................... 152 Figure 8: Cake at a Name-giving Family Celebration ........................................................ 154 Figure 9: Wedding Cake ......................................................................................................... 154 Figure 10: Presentation of Thuringian Blechkuchen Assortment 1 ................................
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