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Pakanae and Kokohuia Lands, 1870-1990

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Pakanae and Kokohuia Lands, 1870-1990 Wai 1040, #A58 Pakanae and Kokohuia Lands 1870-1990 A report commissioned by the Waitangi Tribunal for the Te Paparahi o Te Raki Inquiry Coralie Clarkson 2016 The author Coralie is a Pākehā New Zealander. She was born in Wellington and was raised in the suburb of Camborne, 10 kilometres north of Porirua City. She studied at Victoria University of Wellington, completing her Bachelor of Arts in English and History in 2008. She went on to complete Honours and a Masters Degree in History in 2011. Her thesis is titled ‘The Reality of Return: Exploring the Experiences of World War I Soldiers after their Return to New Zealand’. She uses the case studies of employment, illness (specifically, tuberculosis), and alcoholism as lenses to argue that the War continued to affect the lives of returnees and their families throughout the 1920s. Coralie worked as a Research Assistant for Victoria University, undertaking research on World War I returnees in New Zealand. She also worked as a Research Assistant for Canterbury University, on a project examining nutrition, health and other socio-economic conditions and their effect on Māori in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In addition, Coralie worked on a volunteer basis for Te Papa Tongarewa Museum, assisting staff to identify soldiers using badges and military records for ‘The Berry Boys’ exhibition, which opened in April 2014. Coralie began working as a Research Analyst/Inquiry Facilitator at the Waitangi Tribunal in March 2014. Acknowledgements I would like to thank the following colleagues: Kesaia Walker, Fiona Small, Cathy Marr, Craig Innes, Noel Harris, Dr Andrew Francis, Dr Matthew Cunningham, Jeff Abbott, Dr Kim Glazebrook, Hannah Boast, Leanne Boulton, Jacinta Paranihi, and Dr Barry Rigby. I would also like to express my gratitude to staff at the Auckland and Wellington offices of Archives New Zealand and staff at the Māori Land Court Whangarei, and staff at Te Puni Kōkiri in Wellington. I also thank the Hokianga claimant community. Cover Image: St Luke’s Church, Pakanae. Photograph by Coralie Clarkson, 24 Jan 2015. i Table of contents The author .................................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgements....................................................................................................................... i Table of contents ......................................................................................................................... ii List of figures ............................................................................................................................ viii List of tables ............................................................................................................................... ix Abbreviations .............................................................................................................................. 1 Report introduction ..................................................................................................................... 2 The commission .................................................................................................................................. 2 Methodology ....................................................................................................................................... 2 Note on macron usage ........................................................................................................................ 4 Note on currency, areas and conversions........................................................................................... 4 Relevant claims ................................................................................................................................... 4 Report structure and focus ................................................................................................................. 6 Report overview .................................................................................................................................. 7 Introduction to part I: The nineteenth century ............................................................................ 12 Chapter one – Hokianga in the nineteenth century ..................................................................... 14 Geography ......................................................................................................................................... 14 The Hokianga Harbour area .......................................................................................................... 14 Descriptions of the Pakanae and Kokohuia blocks, and Hokianga lands ...................................... 15 Hapu of the area ............................................................................................................................... 16 Early (pre-contact) land and resource use and settlement of the Pakanae block ............................ 17 Land and resource use, settlement and people, 1830-1870 ............................................................ 19 Old land claims .................................................................................................................................. 23 OLC 941 ......................................................................................................................................... 25 OLC 12 – Taikapiti.......................................................................................................................... 26 OLC 541 – Opanone ...................................................................................................................... 26 ii OLC 326 – Omapere ...................................................................................................................... 27 OLC 352 – Motukauri .................................................................................................................... 27 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 28 Chapter two – The Native Land Court and the Pakanae and Kokohuia blocks 1872-1900 .............. 29 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 29 The Native Land Court title investigation and partition hearings for the Kokohuia and Pakanae blocks, 1872-1889 ............................................................................................................................. 30 Kokohuia block (552 acres) ............................................................................................................... 30 Notice ............................................................................................................................................ 30 Survey and costs ........................................................................................................................... 31 The title investigation in the Native Land Court, 1872 ................................................................. 32 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 33 Pakanae block ................................................................................................................................... 34 Application for title investigation, 1874 ....................................................................................... 34 Notice ............................................................................................................................................ 34 Surveys .......................................................................................................................................... 35 Native Land Court minutes as evidence ....................................................................................... 38 Pakanae 1 – the title investigation in the Native Land Court ....................................................... 39 Pakanae 3 – the title investigation in the Native Land Court ....................................................... 42 Pakanae 4 – the title investigation in the Native Land Court ....................................................... 43 Pakanae 5 - the title investigation in the Native Land Court ........................................................ 43 Pakanae 6 - the title investigation in the Native Land Court ........................................................ 44 Pakanae 2 – Initial title investigation in the Native Land Court, 1876 .......................................... 44 Pakanae 2 – Subsequent title investigation, 1882 ........................................................................ 46 The partition of Pakanae 2 block, 1889 ........................................................................................ 48 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 50 Chapter three – The Crown’s purchase of Pakanae 1 and 3 blocks, 1875 ...................................... 52 iii Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 52 Pre-titling purchase transactions: Advances paid for Pakanae by the Crown .................................
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