DOCSLIB.ORG

Pdf9789280811469.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pdf9789280811469.Pdf United Nations University Press is the publishing arm of the United Nations University. UNU Press publishes scholarly and policy-oriented books and periodicals on the issues facing the United Nations and its peoples and member states, with particular emphasis upon international, regional and trans-boundary policies. The United Nations University was established as a subsidiary organ of the United Nations by General Assembly resolution 2951 (XXVII) of 11 December 1972. It functions as an international community of scholars engaged in research, postgraduate training and the dissemination of knowledge to address the pressing global problems of human survival, development and welfare that are the concern of the United Nations and its agencies. Its activities are devoted to advancing knowledge for human security and development and are focused on issues of peace and governance and environment and sustainable development. The Univer- sity operates through a worldwide network of research and training centres and programmes, and its planning and coordinating centre in Tokyo. Trafficking in humans Trafficking in humans: Social, cultural and political dimensions Edited by Sally Cameron and Edward Newman United Nations a University Press TOKYO u NEW YORK u PARIS 6 United Nations University, 2008 The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not nec- essarily reflect the views of the United Nations University. United Nations University Press United Nations University, 53-70, Jingumae 5-chome, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8925, Japan Tel: þ81-3-3499-2811 Fax: þ81-3-3406-7345 E-mail: [email protected] general enquiries: [email protected] http://www.unu.edu United Nations University Office at the United Nations, New York 2 United Nations Plaza, Room DC2-2062, New York, NY 10017, USA Tel: þ1-212-963-6387 Fax: þ1-212-371-9454 E-mail: [email protected] United Nations University Press is the publishing division of the United Nations University. Cover design by Joyce C. Weston Printed in Hong Kong ISBN 978-92-808-1146-9 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Trafficking in humans : social, cultural and political dimensions / edited by Sally Cameron and Edward Newman. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-9280811469 (pbk.) 1. Human trafficking. 2. Transnational crime. I. Cameron, Sally. II. Newman, Edward, 1970– HQ281.T717 2008 364.15—dc22 2007037004 Contents Figuresandtables..................................................... vii Contributors........................................................... viii Acknowledgements . ............................. ix Acronyms.............................................................. x 1 Introduction: Understanding human trafficking . 1 Edward Newman and Sally Cameron Part I: Themes ........................................................ 19 2 Traffickinginhumans:Structuralfactors......................... 21 Sally Cameron and Edward Newman 3 Globalization and national sovereignty: From migration to trafficking .......................................................... 58 Kinsey Alden Dinan 4 Traffickingofwomenforprostitution ............................ 80 Sally Cameron vi CONTENTS 5 Migrant women and the legal politics of anti-trafficking interventions ...................................................... 111 Ratna Kapur 6 Trafficking in women: The role of transnational organized crime............................................................... 126 Phil Williams Part II: Regional experiences ........................................ 159 7 The fight against trafficking in human beings from the Europeanperspective............................................. 161 Helga Konrad 8 Human trafficking in East and South-East Asia: Searching for structuralfactors .................................................. 181 Maruja M. B. Asis 9 Human trafficking in Latin America in the context of internationalmigration ........................................... 206 Gabriela Rodrı´guez Pizarro 10 Human trafficking in South Asia: A focus on Nepal ............ 224 Renu Rajbhandari 11 Trafficking in persons in the South Caucasus – Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia: New challenges for transitional democracies ....................................................... 252 Gulnara Shahinian Index .................................................................. 274 Tables and figures Tables 4.1 Legalizing the sex industry in Australia . .................. 100 8.1 Status of ratification of trafficking and migration instruments ...................................................... 200 Figures 1.1 Examples of structural and proximate factors involved in trafficking ........................................................ 3 1.2 Traffickingelements............................................. 5 8.1 Framework for analysing legal and unauthorized migrations........................................................ 185 vii Contributors Maruja M. B. Asis is director of Science and International Studies at research and publications at the the University of Birmingham, UK. Scalabrini Migration Center in Priortothat,hewasdirectorof Manila, the Philippines. studies on Conflict and Security in the Peace and Governance Sally Cameron works as a consultant Programme of the United Nations on gender and governance issues, University. based in Sydney, Australia, and is a former policy analyst at the Renu Rajbhandari is the chairperson Australian Federation of AIDS of the Women’s Rehabilitation Organisations. Centre (WOREC), Nepal. Kinsey Alden Dinan is a consultant Gabriela Rodrı´guez Pizarro is a based in New York, and a research representative of IOM Chile, and associate at Colombia University. former UN special rapporteur for human rights of migrants (1999–2005). Ratna Kapur is a director of the Centre for Feminist Legal Research Gulnara Shahinian is on the board of in New Delhi. trustees of the UN Voluntary Trust Fund of Contemporary Forms of Helga Konrad is an international Slavery, and a board member and consultant on combating human founder of the NGO Democracy trafficking and former OSCE Today. (Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe) special Phil Williams is director of the representative on trafficking in University of Pittsburgh’s Ridgway human beings. Center for International Security Studies and professor at the Edward Newman is a senior lecturer Graduate School of Public and in the Department of Political International Affairs. viii Acknowledgements This volume is the principal result of a project on human trafficking or- ganized by the Peace and Governance Programme of the United Nations University. The editors would like to express their thanks to the contrib- utors for their commitment and perseverance during a rather protracted publication process. In addition, we would like to thank Jyoti Sanghera, who gave a great deal of support to the project, including a valuable in- put into the research workshop held in Geneva and help in identifying participants. ix Acronyms ABACEELI American Bar Association Central and Eastern European Law Initiative AFL-CIO American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organiza- tions ARIAT Asian Regional Initiative against Trafficking BKA Bundes-Kriminalamt CAHTEH Council of Europe Ad Hoc Committee on Actions against Traf- ficking in Humans CATW Coalition against Trafficking in Women CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women CIS Commonwealth of Independent States DRC Democratic Republic of Congo ECPAT End Child Prostitution in Asian Tourism ESCAP Economic and Social Council for Asia and the Pacific EU European Union FSU former Soviet Union GAATW Global Alliance against Traffic in Women HDI Human Development Index IDP internally displaced person ILO International Labour Organization IMADR International Movement against All Forms of Discrimination and Racism IMF International Monetary Fund IOM International Organization for Migration IPEC International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour x ACRONYMS xi IPTF International Police Task Force (Bosnia) KFOR Kosovo Force MCW Migrant Workers Convention NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NGO non-governmental organization NIS newly independent states OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OPA overseas performing artist OSCE Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe RICO racketeering-influenced corrupt organization SAARC South Asian Alliance for Regional Cooperation STV Foundation against Trafficking in Women (Netherlands) UMCOR United Methodist Committee on Relief UNDP UN Development Programme UNESCO UN Economic, Social and Cultural Organization UNHCR Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF UN Children’s Fund UNIFEM United Nations Development Fund for Women WOREC Women’s Rehabilitation Centre (Nepal) 1 1 Introduction: Understanding human trafficking Edward Newman and Sally Cameron This volume aims to deepen understanding of the social, economic and political contexts of human trafficking: the recruitment and transporta- tion of human beings through deception and coercion for the purposes of exploitation. Upon this basis, the book considers whether an under- standing of the underlying explanatory (‘‘structural’’) factors can inform policy discussion and point to strategic interventions which strengthen the fight against trafficking. There is significant – although still insufficient – knowledge about the activities of human traffickers, and a range of policy options exist at the national and international levels to address this
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Combating Trafficking of Women and Children in South Asia
    CONTENTS COMBATING TRAFFICKING OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN SOUTH ASIA Regional Synthesis Paper for Bangladesh, India, and Nepal APRIL 2003 This book was prepared by staff and consultants of the Asian Development Bank. The analyses and assessments contained herein do not necessarily reflect the views of the Asian Development Bank, or its Board of Directors or the governments they represent. The Asian Development Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this book and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use. i CONTENTS CONTENTS Page ABBREVIATIONS vii FOREWORD xi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY xiii 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 UNDERSTANDING TRAFFICKING 7 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2 Defining Trafficking: The Debates 9 2.3 Nature and Extent of Trafficking of Women and Children in South Asia 18 2.4 Data Collection and Analysis 20 2.5 Conclusions 36 3 DYNAMICS OF TRAFFICKING OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN SOUTH ASIA 39 3.1 Introduction 39 3.2 Links between Trafficking and Migration 40 3.3 Supply 43 3.4 Migration 63 3.5 Demand 67 3.6 Impacts of Trafficking 70 4 LEGAL FRAMEWORKS 73 4.1 Conceptual and Legal Frameworks 73 4.2 Crosscutting Issues 74 4.3 International Commitments 77 4.4 Regional and Subregional Initiatives 81 4.5 Bangladesh 86 4.6 India 97 4.7 Nepal 108 iii COMBATING TRAFFICKING OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN 5APPROACHES TO ADDRESSING TRAFFICKING 119 5.1 Stakeholders 119 5.2 Key Government Stakeholders 120 5.3 NGO Stakeholders and Networks of NGOs 128 5.4 Other Stakeholders 129 5.5 Antitrafficking Programs 132 5.6 Overall Findings 168 5.7
    [Show full text]
  • Gender, Post-Trafficking and Citizenship in Nepal. In: Coles, A., Gray, L
    Townsend J, Laurie N, Poudel M, Richardson D. (2015) Gender, post-trafficking and citizenship in Nepal. In: Coles, A., Gray, L. and Momsem, J. (eds.) Routledge Handbook of Gender and Development. London: Routledge, pp.319-329. Copyright: This is an Accepted Manuscript of a book chapter published by Routledge in Routledge Handbook of Gender and Development on 19/02/2015, available online: http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415829083/ Date deposited: 12/12/2014 Embargo release date: 19 August 2016 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence Newcastle University ePrints - eprint.ncl.ac.uk Gender, post-trafficking and citizenship in Nepal Janet G. Townsend, Nina Laurie, Meena Poudel and Diane Richardson Introduction The United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR, 2013, Stateless people p.1) estimates that ‘Statelessness is a massive problem that affects an estimated 12 million people worldwide’i. In many parts of the world many people, women in particular, are still non-citizens, so that basic legal, political and/or welfare rights have not yet been attained. Exclusionary policies lie at the root of many statelessness situations. We argue here that citizenship has widely been constructed in a male image, because for women access to citizenship has historically been linked to motherhood in the context of heterosexual marriage. A new literature linking the discourses of citizenship, development and sexualities has appeared, but such debates must be situated within particular socio-economic and geo- political contexts: case studies are needed. Our case study is with a number of women in Nepal: ‘returnees’ or ‘survivors’, women who have been trafficked, usually for sexual purposes, to India or beyond and have managed to return to a difficult situation.
    [Show full text]
  • Institutional Approaches to the Rehabilitation of Survivors of Sex Trafficking in India and Nepal
    University of Denver Digital Commons @ DU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 6-1-2010 Rescued, Rehabilitated, Returned: Institutional Approaches to the Rehabilitation of Survivors of Sex Trafficking in India and Nepal Robynne A. Locke University of Denver Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd Part of the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Locke, Robynne A., "Rescued, Rehabilitated, Returned: Institutional Approaches to the Rehabilitation of Survivors of Sex Trafficking in India and Nepal" (2010). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 378. https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd/378 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. RESCUED, REHABILITATED, RETURNED: INSTITUTIONAL APPROACHES TO THE REHABILITATION OF SURVIVORS OF SEX TRAFFICKING IN INDIA AND NEPAL __________ A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Social Sciences University of Denver __________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts __________ by Robynne A. Locke June 2010 Advisor: Richard Clemmer-Smith, Phd ©Copyright by Robynne A. Locke 2010 All Rights Reserved Author: Robynne A. Locke Title: Institutional Approaches to the Rehabilitation of Survivors of Trafficking in India and Nepal Advisor: Richard Clemmer-Smith Degree Date: June 2010 Abstract Despite participating in rehabilitation programs, many survivors of sex trafficking in India and Nepal are re-trafficked, ‘voluntarily’ re-enter the sex industry, or become traffickers or brothel managers themselves.
    [Show full text]
  • Final NZPC 28 March 2013
    Occupational Health and Safety of Migrant Sex Workers in New Zealand prepared for New Zealand Prostitutes’ Collective by Dr Michael Roguski 28 March 2013 [email protected] Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................... iv 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1 2 Literature review: Occupational health and safety of migrant sex workers ....... 2 2.1 Australia ................................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Hong Kong ................................................................................................................. 4 2.3 Macau ....................................................................................................................... 5 2.4 United Kingdom ........................................................................................................ 6 2.5 Turkey ....................................................................................................................... 8 2.6 Similarities and differences across the studies ........................................................... 9 3 Occupational Health and Safety in Sex Work .................................................. 11 3.1 Legal context ........................................................................................................... 11 3.2 Physical and mental health ....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • South Africa
    The Annual Mothers for the Future SolidariTea event, which is hosted annually to highlight the work done by M4F for mothers who o sex work. Photo credit: Lesego Tlhwale 196 SOUTH AFRICA Ntokozo Yingwana From the establishment of the Cape Colony in the 1600s, to the ‘gold rush’ of the Witwatersrand in the 1880s, and today’s self-identifying ‘proud migrant sex worker(s)’, the selling of sex in relation to mobility and migration has a long and nuanced history in South Africa. Therefore, in trying to understand sexual exploitation (and, more specifically, human trafficking) in the sex work industry requires a revisiting of these colonial and apartheid pasts, and the remnants of those eras that still permeate South African current laws and policies. Although sex work is criminalised in the country it is still widely practised and tolerated by the general public; while most people deem it immoral for religious and/or cultural reasons, many still consider it a ‘necessary evil’. Poverty is highly racialised and feminised in South Africa. The unemployment rate of approximately 27.7% (of a 55 million population) is most notable among black women, accounting for 49.1% of unemployed people. Therefore, for many poor black women with limited formal education, selling sex is a viable means of making a living. Sex workers with a primary school education are able to earn nearly six times more than the typical income from formal employment, such as domestic work. In order to avoid being identified by family and friends, many choose to sell sex away from their immediate communities, thus making sex workers a highly mobile population.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction: Shakti Samuha Is Established in 1996, As a Power Organization of Human Trafficking Survivors. Facing So Many Diffi
    Introduction: Shakti Samuha is established in 1996, as a power organization of human trafficking survivors. Facing so many difficulties and challenges, this organization registered in District Administration office, Kathmandu on 2000. Shakti Samuha is a free non-government organization. This is known as first organization establish by trafficking survivors, which is mention in TIP report on 2007. Mission: Trafficking survivors and women and children at risk of trafficking will be organized, empowered and aware, which will enable them to contribute to campaigns against human trafficking, protecting women and girls living in vulnerable conditions. Vision: Trafficking survivors will be empowered to lead a dignified life in society. Goal: The goal of Shakti Samuha is to establish a progressive society, devoid of trafficking and other kinds of violence against women. 1 Values: Trafficking survivors should have the same rights and freedoms as any other member of society. Trafficking survivors should lead the movement against trafficking, ensuring their own rights and those of others. No member of Shakti Samuha shall be discriminated against in their service to the organization. Objectives: Shakti Samuha has following objectives: To establish income generating and skills based programs that create a sustainable livelihood for trafficking survivors. To advocate and lobby for necessary changes to the law. To organize meetings and campaigns to raise awareness and minimize the risk of trafficking. To establish safe house and emergency support for the rehabilitation and reintegration of trafficking survivors. To manage and update data on trafficking survivors. To assist trafficking survivors with legal, employment and counseling services. To coordinate with local, national and international organizations.
    [Show full text]
  • Final-Nepal.Pdf
    ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK RETA 5948 REG COMBATING TRAFFICKING OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN SOUTH ASIA COUNTRY PAPER THE KINGDOM OF NEPAL July 2002 Agriteam Canada Consulting Ltd. Helen T. Thomas, Team Leader The view expressed in this paper are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Directors or the governments they represent. ADB makes no representation concerning and does not guarantee the source, originality, accuracy, completeness or reliability of any statement, information, data, finding, interpretation, advice, opinion, or view presented. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of May 1, 2002) Currency Unit – Nepalese Rupee Rp1.0 = .013420 $ = 81.1570 ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank ABC Agro-forestry, Basic health and Cooperative Nepal AIGP Additional Inspector General of Police AATWIN Alliance Against Trafficking of Women in Nepal CAC Nepal Community Action Centre-Nepal CATW Coalition Against Trafficking in Women CBO Community Based Organization CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of -Discrimination Against Women CEDPA Centre for Development and Population Activities CELRRD Center for Legal Research and Resource Development CPN-M Communist Party of Nepal- Maoist CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child CSSAT Community Surveillance System Against Trafficking CSW Commercial Sex Worker CWIN Child Workers in Nepal-Concerned Centre DDC District Development Committee DIC Documentation and Information Centre EIA Environment Impact Assessment FWLD
    [Show full text]
  • Street Corner Secrets
    STREET CORNER SECRETS Sex, Work, and Migration in the City of Mumbai SVATI P. SHAH STREET CORNER SECRETS NEXT WAVE: New Directions in Women’s Studies A series edited by Inderpal Grewal, Caren Kaplan, and Robyn Wiegman STREET CORNER SECRETS Sex, Work, and Migration in the City of Mumbai SVATI P. SHAH Duke University Press Durham and London 2014 © 2014 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper ∞ Designed by Heather Hensley Typeset in Chaparral Pro by Copperline Book Services, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in- P ublication Data Shah, Svati Pragna Street corner secrets : sex, work, and migration in the city of Mumbai / Svati P. Shah. pages cm — (Next wave : new directions in women’s studies) Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0- 82 23-5689- 9 (cloth : alk. paper) isbn 978- 0- 8223- 5698- 1 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Prostitutes — India — Mumbai. 2. Prostitution — India — Mumbai. 3. Rural- urban migration — India — Mumbai. 4. Women — Employment — India — Mumbai. i. Title. ii. Series: Next wave. hq240.m86.s43 2014 306.740954'792 — dc23 2014000765 Cover image by Chitra Ganesh To Sojar Bai, who talked to me for no good reason, to my mother, Dr. Pragna Nina Shah, and to the loving memories of Dr. Madhukar Kantitlal Shah and Dr. Sid (Uday) Madhukar Shah CONTENTS Preface ix Acknowledgments xiii Introduction 1 1. Day Wage Labor and Migration: Making Ends Meet 41 2. Sex, Work, and Silence from the Construction Workers’ Naka 77 3. Sex Work and the Street 113 4. Red- Light Districts, Rescue, and Real Estate 147 Conclusion Agency, Livelihoods, and Spaces 189 Notes 207 Bibliography 231 Index 247 PREFACE The project from which this book emerged developed out of a three- month internship in 1996, when, as a master’s student in public health, I worked with an international nongovernmental organization (ngo) devoted to preventing hiv transmission in the main red- light districts of Mumbai.
    [Show full text]
  • Migration and Sex Work Through a Gender Perspective Pereira & Freitas
    Contexto Internacional vol. 40(3) Sep/Dec 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-8529.2018400300005 Migration and Sex Work through a Gender Perspective Pereira & Freitas Charlotte Valadier* Abstract: The trajectories of migration and prostitution are embedded in representations of body, gender, sex and sexuality. This article seeks to understand the articulation between migration and sex work through the lens of gender. To this end, this article relies on a typological approach that aims to clear some ground in the ongoing debate on the issues of prostitution, sex trafficking and migration of sex workers. It explores the theoretical cross-contribution as well as the conceptual limitations of radical, liberal, post-colonial, critical and postmodern feminist perspectives on the issues of prostitution, sex workers’ mobility and sex trafficking. It gives special focus to the contribu- tions of the postmodern feminist reading, especially by highlighting how it has challenged conven- tional feminist theories, hitherto grounded in dualistic structures. In fact, the postmodern feminist approach makes a stand against the simplistic dichotomies such as First/Third World, passivity/ agency, vulnerability/empowerment, innocence/conscience, sexual trafficking/voluntary prostitu- tion or ‘trafficked victim’/‘autonomous sex worker.’ As such, postmodern feminism disrupts all fixed demarcations and homogeneous forms of categorisation on which the dominant feminist theories were based, allowing thus for the emergence of new practices of subjectivity as well as new forms of flexible identities. Keywords: Migration; Sex Work; Sex Trafficking; Gender; Postmodern Feminism. Introduction When one talks about transnational prostitution or trafficking in persons for the purpose of sexual exploitation, the terms ‘prostitutes’ and ‘sex workers,’ ‘prostitution’ and ‘sex traf- ficking’ are often wrongly equated.
    [Show full text]
  • Cruz, K., O'connell Davidson, J., & Sanchez Taylor, J. (2019). Tourism
    Cruz, K. , O'Connell Davidson, J., & Sanchez Taylor, J. (2019). Tourism and sexual violence and exploitation in Jamaica: contesting the ‘trafficking and modern slavery’ frame. Journal of the British Academy, 7(1), 191-216. https://doi.org/10.5871/jba/007s1.191 Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record License (if available): CC BY-NC-ND Link to published version (if available): 10.5871/jba/007s1.191 Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document This is the final published version of the article (version of record). It first appeared online via the British Academy at https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/publications/journal-british-academy/7s1/tourism-and-sexual- violence-and-exploitation-in-jamaica . Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research General rights This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/red/research-policy/pure/user-guides/ebr-terms/ Journal of the British Academy, 7(s1), 189–214. DOI https://doi.org/10.5871/jba/007s1.189 Posted 00 Month 2019; Pre-print posted 31 May 2019. © The British Academy 2019 Tourism and sexual violence and exploitation in Jamaica: contesting the ‘trafficking and modern slavery’ frame KATIE CRUZ, JULIA O’CONNELL DAVIDSON and JACQUELINE SANCHEZ TAYLOR Abstract: The US TIP Report frames Jamaica as having a problem with ‘human trafficking’ and ‘child sex tourism’. This paper presents preliminary findings from our mixed methods research on Jamaicans’ experience of working in the sex trade and in the formal and informal tourism economy.
    [Show full text]
  • Sex Work and the Law in Asia and the Pacific — UNDP
    SEX WORK AND THE LAW IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC SEX WORK AND THE LAW IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC THE AND ASIA IN LAW THE AND WORK SEX Empowered lives. Resilient nations. United Nations Development Programme UNDP Asia-Paci c Regional Centre United Nations Service Building, 3rd Floor Rajdamnern Nok Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand Email: [email protected] Tel: +66 (0)2 304-9100 Fax: +66 (0)2 280-2700 Web: http://asia-paci c.undp.org/ October 2012 Empowered lives. Resilient nations. The information contained in this report is drawn from multiple sources including consultation responses, an extensive literature review and expert inputs. While every effort has been taken to ensure accuracy at the time of publication, errors or omissions may have occurred. Laws, policies and law enforcement practices are constantly changing. It is hoped that the report will provide a baseline of information, to inform more detailed efforts at country level to build an accurate and complete evidence base to inform efforts to address the health and human rights of sex workers. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the United Nations, including UNDP, or UN Member States. UNDP partners with people at all levels of society to help build nations that can withstand crisis, and drive and sustain the kind of growth that improves the quality of life for everyone. On the ground in 177 countries and territories, we offer global perspective and local insight to help empower lives and build resilient nations. Copyright © UNDP 2012 ISBN: 978-974-680-343-4 United Nations Development Programme UNDP Asia-Pacific Regional Centre United Nations Service Building, 3rd Floor Rajdamnern Nok Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand Email: [email protected] Tel: +66 (0)2 304-9100 Fax: +66 (0)2 280-2700 Web: http://asia-pacific.undp.org/ Design: Ian Mungall/UNDP.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Nepal
    Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Nepal A Civil Society Parallel Report Review Period: April 2007 – July 2013 Submitted to Pre-Sessional Working Group United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Geneva, Switzerland October 2013 Prepared by: ESCR Committee Human Rights Treaty Monitoring Coordination Centre (HRTMCC) Nepal ESCR Committee Coordinator Rural Reconstruction Nepal (RRN) A Civil Society Report on ESCR, 2013, Nepal Overall coordination: Human Rights Treaty Monitoring Coordination Centre (HRTMCC) Secretariat/INSEC Parallel report process coordination: Community Self Reliance Centre (CSRC) Draft contributors: Mr Jagat Basnet, HRTMCC ESCR Committee, CSRC Mr Birendra Adhikari, HRTMCC ESCR Committee, RRN Ms Samjah Shrestha, HRTMCC Secretariat/INSEC Special contributors: Ms Bidhya Chapagain Mr Prakash Gnyawali Committee on ESCR: Coordinator: Rural Reconstruction Nepal (RRN) Members: Lumanti Collective Campaign for Peace (COCAP) Public Health Concern Trust (PHECT) Physician for Social Responsibility, Nepal (PSRN) Community Self Reliance Centre (CSRC) Forest Resources Studies and Action Team (Forest Action) Centre for Protection of Law and Environment (CELP) © ESCR Committee, HRTMCC, 2013, Nepal The Human Rights Treaty Monitoring Coordination Centre (HRTMCC) is a coalition of 63 human rights organizations, functioning as a joint forum for all human rights NGOs in Nepal. It monitors and disseminates information on the status of state obligations to the UN human rights treaties in the form of parallel reports as well as other publications. HRTMCC is also active in domestic lobbying for the protection and promotion of human rights. HRTMCC has previously submitted parallel reports to the UN treaty bodies monitoring CERD, CAT, ICESCR, CEDAW as well as the ICCPR. Materials from this report can be reproduced, republished and circulated with due acknowledgement of the source.
    [Show full text]