DOCSLIB.ORG

RUMPED ELEPHANT-SHREWS (GRES) (Rhynchocyon Chrysopygus) IN

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
RUMPED ELEPHANT-SHREWS (GRES) (Rhynchocyon Chrysopygus) IN ASSESSING THE ABUNDANCE AND NESTING BEHAVIOUR OF GOLDEN- RUMPED ELEPHANT-SHREWS (GRES) (Rhynchocyon chrysopygus) IN ARABUKO-SOKOKE FOREST, KILIFI COUNTY, KENYA ONDORO RAEL NELLY NYANCHAMA A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Environmental Science of Pwani University. May, 2020 ii DECLARATION This thesis is my original work and has not been presented in any other University or any other Award. Ondoro Rael N. Nyanchama MG20/PU/36233/17 Signature: Date: 08/03/2021 We confirm that the work reported in this thesis was carried out by the candidate under our supervision. 1. Dr. Benards Okeyo Department of Environmental Science Pwani University Signature: Date: 08/03/2021 2. Dr. Colin Jackson, National Director A Rocha Kenya, Watamu, Kenya Signature: ___________________ Date: 08/03/2021 iii DEDICATION “Conservation is a cause that has no end. There is no point at which we will say our work is finished.” Rachel Carson. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I would like to thank the Almighty God for the strength and courage that He bestowed upon me making the completion of this work possible. Many thanks to Nature Kenya and Mohammed Bin Zayed Funding for Nature for their financial support. My sincere gratitude to my supervisors Dr. Bernards Okeyo and Dr. Colin Jackson for tirelessly providing professional guidance throughout this period. Special thanks to the Community Forest Association, Forest guards, and research assistants led by Mr. Willy Kombe. I extend my gratitude to Mr. Francis Kagema of Nature Kenya for providing support in many ways especially on the fieldwork. I am also grateful to my wonderful family for their assistance, encouragement, and support throughout the study. Since I may not be able to mention each person individually, I am sincerely grateful to each person who in one way or another contributed to the success of this thesis. v ABSTRACT The Golden-rumped Elephant-shrew (GRES) (Rhynchocyon chrysopygus) is an insectivorous mammal endemic to Arabuko-Sokoke Forest (ASF) and environs. It is listed as Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. Previous population monitoring studies showed that the GRES population has been decreasing from ASF with the decline attributed to a change in the forest quality resulting from demand for forest products. However, these studies were conducted over a decade ago. This study aimed to assess the abundance, and influence of deadwood volume on nest sightings across the Cynometra, Brachystegia and Mixed Forest vegetation types in ASF. Line transects of 100m length were used to collect data on nesting behaviour while one 10 by 10m quadrat at the centre of each transect was used to collect deadwood data. Distance sampling method, utilizing detection probability data was used to determine the abundance in each of the vegetation types. Linear regression models were employed to examine the association between the number of nests per transect and deadwood volume while means and proportions were calculated to examine the determinants of GRES nesting sites. A total of 44 transects were laid across the three main vegetation types. Findings from this study indicate that the GRES population was estimated to be 19,423. Besides, deadwood volume was not associated with the number of nest sightings. Nests were found in areas with higher canopy cover, litter depth, and vegetation density. Although findings from this study indicate an increase in the GRES population in ASF, there is a need to continue monitoring their numbers to inform guidelines and conservation measures. There should be continued support to the community to improve their livelihoods to reduce the pressure for forest products and degradation which threatens flora and fauna including GRES with extinction. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ............................................................................................................. ii DEDICATION ................................................................................................................ iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................ iv ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................v LIST OF FIGURES ..........................................................................................................x LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................... xii ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ..................................................................... xiii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................1 1.1 Background Information .........................................................................................1 1.2 The Problem Statement ...........................................................................................5 1.3 Objectives of the Study ...........................................................................................6 1.3.1 General Objective .............................................................................................6 1.3.2 Specific Objectives ...........................................................................................6 1.4 Research questions ..................................................................................................6 1.5 Significance of the Study ........................................................................................6 1.6 Ethical Considerations in the Study ........................................................................8 1.7 Limitations of the Study ..........................................................................................8 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ..........................................................................9 2.1 A general overview of small mammals ...................................................................9 2.2 Distribution of Small Mammals ..............................................................................9 2.3 Elephant Shrews ....................................................................................................12 2.3.1 Description of Elephant Shrews .........................................................................13 2.3.1.1 Golden-rumped Elephant-Shrew .....................................................................14 vii 2.3.1.2 Other Giant Sengis .........................................................................................15 2.3.1.3 Other types of elephant shrews .......................................................................15 2.3.2 Distribution of Elephant Shrews ........................................................................16 2.3.3 Ecology and Behaviours of Elephant-Shrews ....................................................17 2.3.3.1 Habitats............................................................................................................17 2.3.3.2 Diet and Foraging ............................................................................................18 2.3.3.3 Activity Patterns ..............................................................................................19 2.3.3.4 Mating and Courtship ......................................................................................20 2.3.3.5 Reproduction and Parenting ............................................................................21 2.3.4 Ecological Importance of Elephant Shrews .......................................................21 2.3.5 Effect of Habitat Changes on the Ecology of Small Mammals and Elephant- Shrews………………… .............................................................................................22 2.3.6 Conservation of Small Mammals and Elephant Shrews ....................................24 2.3.7 Socio-Economic Benefits of Small Mammals ...................................................26 2.3.7.1 Creation of Jobs ...........................................................................................26 2.3.7.2 Creation and Support of local business .......................................................26 2.3.7.3 Boost to Tourism .........................................................................................26 2.3.7.4 Development of Infrastructure .....................................................................27 2.3.7.5 Empowerment of the Local Communities ...................................................27 2.3.7.6 Ecosystem Services .....................................................................................27 2.3.7.7 Option Value................................................................................................28 2.3.7.8 Existence Value ...........................................................................................28 2.4 Arabuko-Sokoke Forest.........................................................................................28 2.4.1 Flora in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest ....................................................................28 viii 2.4.2 Fauna in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest ...................................................................29 2.4.3 Status of Arabuko Sokoke Forest ...................................................................30 2.4.4 Local, National, Regional and Global Value of Arabuko Sokoke Forest ......31 2.4.5 Threats to Arabuko Sokoke Forest .................................................................31
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Petrodromus Tetradactylus – Four-Toed Sengi
    Petrodromus tetradactylus – Four-toed Sengi Specialist Group web site and www.sengis.org for additional information. This genus specifically is in need of a taxonomic revision that would assess the currently recognized 10 subspecies. Subspecies are characterised mainly by pelage colour and bristles under the tail. Two subspecies occur within the assessment region, P. t. schwanni in north-eastern Limpopo and P. t. warreni in northern KwaZulu-Natal. The subspecies in KwaZulu-Natal (P. t. warreni) lacks tail bristles, as opposed to other forms (Rathbun 2013). For general biological information, please consult Perrin and Rathbun (2013), Rathbun (2013) and Rathbun (2005). Galen Rathbun (c) California Academy of Sciences Assessment Rationale Regional Red List status (2016) Near Threatened This species is at the edge of its range within the B2ab(ii,iii,v)* assessment region where two disjunct subspecies occur: National Red List status (2004) Endangered D P. t. schwanni in north-eastern Limpopo and P. t. warreni in northern KwaZulu-Natal, both being restricted to intact Reasons for change Non-genuine: riparian and coastal forest. The estimated area of New information occupancy for P. t. schwanni and P. t. warreni, based on remaining forest habitat, is 72 and 192 km2 respectively. Global Red List status (2015) Least Concern Although P. t. warreni at least may represent a South TOPS listing (NEMBA) None African endemic, further taxonomic resolution is required before we assess it separately. Overall, the species CITES listing None qualifies for Endangered B2ab(ii,iii,v) based on restricted Endemic Edge of Range area of occupancy (264 km2 in South Africa) presumed small population size, and a continuing decline in *Watch-list Data woodland habitat as a result of human expansion over the past decade.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Case Study: Dakatcha Woodland
    Case Study: Dakatcha Woodland Dakatcha Woodland Important Bird Area in Kilifi County is the northernmost Brachystegia (Miombo or Mrihi) Woodland in Africa. Several threatened species live in this woodland – which is really a forest. The most important of them is Clarke’s Weaver (Ploceus golandi), which is only found in Kilifi County – and nowhere else in the world. Clarke’s Weaver and Sokoke Pipit, found mainly in Brachystegia forest; Sokoke Scops Owl, found mainly in Cynometra thickets in Dakatcha; and Golden-rumped Sengi (elephant- shrew); are all considered globally Endangered – in danger of extinction unless their habitat is conserved. Efforts have been made to protect this forest by Nature Kenya and Dakatcha Woodland Conservation Group together with Kenya Forest Service and A Rocha Kenya over the past 10 years but threats stills persist. Threats include conversion of the entire IBA into commercial crops, commercial charcoal production, extraction of other forest products and shifting farming, which together threaten the existence of biodiversity. In order to save the endemic Clarke’s Weaver and many others, it is critical that the remaining Brachystegia and Cynometra forests in Dakatcha Woodland Important Bird Area are conserved. This includes community land and the area that falls within the neighbouring Galana Ranch. Interventions In 2009-2011, through intense advocacy campaigns, Nature Kenya successfully stopped mass conversion of Dakatcha Woodland into Jatropha curcas plantations. The Dakatcha Woodland management plan was formulated in consultation with all stakeholders Nature Kenya supported the local community to identify seven community conserved areas to serve as nuclei for the conservation of threatened species.
    [Show full text]
  • Genus Rhynchocyon)
    RECONSTRUCTING THE MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF GIANT SENGIS (GENUS RHYNCHOCYON) A Thesis submitted to the faculty of A6 San Francisco State University 3(? In partial fulfillment of zo\5 the requirements for the Degree Ib'oL Master of Science In Biology: Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology by Elizabeth Jane Carlen San Francisco, California August 2015 Copyright by Elizabeth Jane Carlen 2015 CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL I certify that I have read Reconstructing the Molecular Phylogeny o f Giant Sengis (genus Rhynchocyon) by Elizabeth Jane Carlen, and that in my opinion this work meets the criteria for approving a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree Master of Science in Biology: Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology at San Francisco State University. Research Fellow California Academy of Sciences RECONSTRUCTING THE MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF GIANT SENGIS (GENUS RHYNCHOCYON) Elizabeth Jane Carlen San Francisco, California 2015 Giant sengis (genus Rhynchocyon), also known as giant elephant-shrews, are approximately 500 g forest floor mammals that range from Central to East Africa. Previous work on giant sengi taxonomy has focused primarily on pelage color, pelage pattern, and the geographic distributions of the groups. Because there is complex phenotypic variation and large geographic ranges within some species, I chose to use genetic work to evaluate the phylogeny and classification of the genus. Genetic data were used to investigate the four currently recognized species (R. chrysopygus, R. cirnei, R. petersi, and R. udzungwensis) and seven of the eight currently recognized subspecies (R. cirnei cirnei, R. cirnei macrurus, R. cirnei reichardi, R. cirnei shirensis, R. cirnei stuhlmanni, R.
    [Show full text]
  • Uganda Wildlife Bill 2017.Pdf
    PARLIAMENT LIBRARY PO. BOX 7178. KAMPAL A BILLS ,: SUPPLEMENT No.7 * l.t- * 8th June, 2017. iSUPPLEMENT A#KLI ' to the Uganda iazetle No. 3'3"' v;i;;; c *:' i ;; ; a' bi i' i u, 20t7. CALL NO f Printed by 1 I Bill No. 11 Uganda Wildlife Bill 2017 a THE UGANDA WILDLIFE BILL,\OI7 MEMORANDUM l. The object of this Bill is to provide for the conservation and sustainable management of wildlife; to strengthen wildlife conservation and management; to continue the Uganda Wildlife Authority; to streamline roles and responsibilities for institutions involved in wildlife conservation and management; and for other related matters. 2. Policy and principles The policy behind this Bill is to strengthen the legal framework for wildlife conservation and management in Uganda. The Bill seeks- (a) to re-align the Uganda Wildlife Act Cap. 200 with the Uganda Wildlife Policy, 2074, the Oil and Gas policy and laws, the Land use policy and law, the National Environment Act, the Uganda Wildlife Education Centre Act, the Uganda Wildlife Research and Training Institute Act and all other laws of Uganda and developments which came into force after the enactment of the Uganda I Wildlife Act in 1996: (b) to provide for compensation of loss occasioned by wild t animals escaping from wildlife protected areas; (c) to provide for effective management of problem animals and vermin by the Uganda Wildlife Authority, the Local Governments and Communities surrounding wildlife protected areas; (d) to clearly define and streamline roles and responsibilities of the Ministry responsible
    [Show full text]
  • Kenya Soe Ch4 A
    PART 2 STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT 61 CHAPTER BIODIVERSITY4 Introduction The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) defi nes biodiversity as Kenya’s rich biodiversity Lead Authors ‘the variability among living organisms from all sources including, can be attributed to a number Ali A. Ali and Monday S. Businge among others, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and of factors, including a long Contributing Authors S. M. Mutune, Jane Kibwage, Ivy Achieng, the ecological complexes of which they are part [and] includes diversity evolutionary history, variable Godfrey Mwangi, David Ongare, Fred Baraza, within species, between species and of ecosystems.’ Biodiversity climatic conditions, and diverse Teresa Muthui, Lawrence M. Ndiga, Nick Mugi therefore comprises genetic and species diversity of animals and plants habitat types and ecosystems. Reviewer as well as ecosystem diversity. Kenya is endowed with an enormous The major biodiversity Nathan Gichuki diversity of ecosystems and wildlife species which live in the terrestrial, concentration sites fall within aquatic and aerial environment. These biological resources are the existing protected areas fundamental to national prosperity as a source of food, medicines, network (national parks, reserves and sanctuaries) which are mostly energy, shelter, employment and foreign exchange. For instance, managed by the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS). However, over 70 percent agricultural productivity and development are dependent on the of the national biodiversity occurs outside the protected areas. availability of a wide variety of plant and animal genetic resources and In spite of its immense biotic capital, Kenya experiences severe on the existence of functional ecological systems, especially those that ecological and socio-economic problems.
    [Show full text]
  • The Eastern Africa Coastal Forests Ecoregion
    The Eastern Africa Coastal Forests Ecoregion Strategic Framework for Conservation 2005 – 2025 Strategic Framework for Conservation (2005–2025) The Eastern Afrca Coastal Forests Ecoregon Strategc Framework for Conservaton 2005–2025 The Eastern Africa Coastal Forests Ecoregion Publshed August 2006 Editor: Kimunya Mugo Design and layout: Anthony Mwangi Cover design: Kimunya Mugo Front cover main photo: WWF-EARPO / John SALEHE Front cover other photos: WWF-UK / Brent STIRTON / Getty Images Back cover photo: WWF-EARPO / John SALEHE Photos: John Salehe, David Maingi and Neil Burgess or as credited. © Graphics (2006) WWF-EARPO. All rights reserved. The material and geographic designations in this report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WWF concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers and boundaries. WWF Eastern Africa Regional Programme Office ACS Plaza, Lenana Road P.O. Box 62440-00200 Nairobi, Kenya Tel: +254 20 3877355, 3872630/1 Fax: +254 20 3877389 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.panda.org/earpo Strategic Framework for Conservation (2005–2025) Contents Acknowledgements......................................................................................................... iv Foreword........................................................................................................................... v Lst of abbrevatons and acronyms.............................................................................. v A new approach to
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Micro-Cursoriality in Mammals
    © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | The Journal of Experimental Biology (2014) 217, 1316-1325 doi:10.1242/jeb.095737 RESEARCH ARTICLE The evolution of micro-cursoriality in mammals Barry G. Lovegrove* and Metobor O. Mowoe* ABSTRACT Perissodactyla) in response to the emergence of open landscapes and In this study we report on the evolution of micro-cursoriality, a unique grasslands following the Eocene Thermal Maximum (Janis, 1993; case of cursoriality in mammals smaller than 1 kg. We obtained new Janis and Wilhelm, 1993; Yuanqing et al., 2007; Jardine et al., 2012; running speed and limb morphology data for two species of elephant- Lovegrove, 2012b; Lovegrove and Mowoe, 2013). shrews (Elephantulus spp., Macroscelidae) from Namaqualand, Loosely defined, cursorial mammals are those that run fast. South Africa, which we compared with published data for other However, more explicit definitions of cursoriality remain obscure mammals. Elephantulus maximum running speeds were higher than because locomotor performance is influenced by multiple variables, those of most mammals smaller than 1 kg. Elephantulus also including behaviour, biomechanics, physiology and morphology possess exceptionally high metatarsal:femur ratios (1.07) that are (Taylor et al., 1970; Garland, 1983a; Garland, 1983b; Garland and typically associated with fast unguligrade cursors. Cursoriality evolved Janis, 1993; Stein and Casinos, 1997; Carrano, 1999). In an in the Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla and Carnivora coincident with evaluation of these definition problems, Carrano (Carrano, 1999) global cooling and the replacement of forests with open landscapes argued that ‘…morphology should remain the fundamental basis for in the Oligocene and Miocene. The majority of mammal species, making distinctions between locomotor performance…’.
    [Show full text]
  • Tc & Forward & Owls-I-IX
    USDA Forest Service 1997 General Technical Report NC-190 Biology and Conservation of Owls of the Northern Hemisphere Second International Symposium February 5-9, 1997 Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Editors: James R. Duncan, Zoologist, Manitoba Conservation Data Centre Wildlife Branch, Manitoba Department of Natural Resources Box 24, 200 Saulteaux Crescent Winnipeg, MB CANADA R3J 3W3 <[email protected]> David H. Johnson, Wildlife Ecologist Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife 600 Capitol Way North Olympia, WA, USA 98501-1091 <[email protected]> Thomas H. Nicholls, retired formerly Project Leader and Research Plant Pathologist and Wildlife Biologist USDA Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station 1992 Folwell Avenue St. Paul, MN, USA 55108-6148 <[email protected]> I 2nd Owl Symposium SPONSORS: (Listing of all symposium and publication sponsors, e.g., those donating $$) 1987 International Owl Symposium Fund; Jack Israel Schrieber Memorial Trust c/o Zoological Society of Manitoba; Lady Grayl Fund; Manitoba Hydro; Manitoba Natural Resources; Manitoba Naturalists Society; Manitoba Critical Wildlife Habitat Program; Metro Propane Ltd.; Pine Falls Paper Company; Raptor Research Foundation; Raptor Education Group, Inc.; Raptor Research Center of Boise State University, Boise, Idaho; Repap Manitoba; Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada; USDI Bureau of Land Management; USDI Fish and Wildlife Service; USDA Forest Service, including the North Central Forest Experiment Station; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; The Wildlife Society - Washington Chapter; Wildlife Habitat Canada; Robert Bateman; Lawrence Blus; Nancy Claflin; Richard Clark; James Duncan; Bob Gehlert; Marge Gibson; Mary Houston; Stuart Houston; Edgar Jones; Katherine McKeever; Robert Nero; Glenn Proudfoot; Catherine Rich; Spencer Sealy; Mark Sobchuk; Tom Sproat; Peter Stacey; and Catherine Thexton.
    [Show full text]
  • Small Grants for Building Research Capacity Among Tanzanian and Kenyan Students
    CEPF FINAL PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT I. BASIC DATA Organization Legal Name: BirdLife International Project Title (as stated in the grant agreement): Small Grants for Building Research Capacity among Tanzanian and Kenyan Students Implementation Partners for this Project: BirdLife International – African Partnership Secretariat, Nature Kenya, Wildlife Conservation Society of Tanzania Project Dates (as stated in the grant agreement): September 1, 2006 - June 30, 2009 Date of Report (month/year): 31 July 2009 II. OPENING REMARKS Provide any opening remarks that may assist in the review of this report. Acceleration in environmental and habitat degradation, habitat and biodiversity loss, over-exploitation of resources and loss of species are some of the threats facing biodiversity conservation. Concerted efforts are being put in place to overcome these threats through: site protection, site management, invasive species control, species recovery, captive breeding, reintroduction, national legislation, habitat restoration, habitat protection and awareness-raising and communication. However, lack of sufficient biological knowledge, shortfalls in funding, and lack of sufficient capacity still pose a major challenge. This project was developed to fill gaps in biological knowledge while at the same time developing the capacity of a cadre of research scientists. When the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) launched its 5-year conservation programme in the Eastern Arc Mountains and Coastal Forests of Kenya and Tanzania (EACF), the focus was to address most of these thematic areas. These included improving biological knowledge in the hotspot through research, monitoring, education and awareness raising, integrating and engaging local populations into biodiversity conservation and livelihood initiatives and building the capacity through small scale efforts to increase biological knowledge of the sites and efforts to conserve Critically Endangered Species in the hotspot and connectivity of biologically important patches.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity Action Plan
    Africa Partnership Action Plans for the Conservation of Globally Threatened Birds in Africa Stakeholders Workshop to agree on the Spotted Ground Thrush National Species Action Plan for Kenya 13-14 January 2004, Mwamba Field study Centre (A Rocha Kenya), Watamu, Kenya Workshop Report National Species Co-ordinator for Kenya Kariuki Ndang’ang’a, Nature Kenya/National Museums of Kenya Facilitators: Eric Sande, Nature Uganda Kariuki Ndang’ang’a, Nature Kenya/National Museums of Kenya Report: Eric Sande, Nature Uganda, Kariuki Ndang’ang’a, Nature Kenya/National Museums of Kenya Summary........................................................................................................................................................ 1 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 2 2. Workshop ................................................................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Workshop Programme and Implementation................................................................................. 2 2.2.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................. 3 2.2.2 Background information about the Spotted Ground Thrush............................................... 3 2.2.3 Problem analysis........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Coordinated Monitoring of the Endangered Spotted Ground Thrush in the East African Breeding and Non-Breeding Grounds
    CEPF SMALL GRANT FINAL PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT I. BASIC DATA Organization Legal Name: BirdLife International Project Title (as stated in the grant agreement): Coordinated Monitoring of the Endangered Spotted Ground Thrush in the East African Breeding and Non-breeding Grounds Implementation Partners for This Project: Wildlife Conservation Society of Tanzania, Nature Kenya, A Rocha Kenya, individual contributors of basic data Project Dates (as stated in the grant agreement): March 1, 2007 - December 31, 2008 Date of Report (month/year): February 2009 II. OPENING REMARKS Provide any opening remarks that may assist in the review of this report. Spotted Ground Thrush Zoothera guttata is an endemic resident and intra-African migrant bird species. The species is classified as Endangered. Although the species can be found in seven African countries (DRC, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania), Z. g. fischeri, one of the five recognised races of the species, is confined to and migrates within the coastal forests of Kenya and Tanzania. Recent records from Rondo Plateau in the coastal forests of Lindi District in Tanzania indicate that Z. g. fischeri breeds in southern Tanzania coastal forests. It is known as a non-breeding visitor to forests on the Kenya coast and north- eastern Tanzania from Lamu to Pugu Hills. Since the bird is a cross-border species it is particularly difficult to conserve and requires concerted action. In response to this challenge, BirdLife International developed an International Action Plan for the species and further translated it into the national contexts for Kenya and Tanzania using participative stakeholder workshops. In all the three action plans, it is recognised that limited knowledge about the species distribution, movement and population size is a critical problem hindering its conservation, especially in East Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • (BIAS) of Ethanol Production from Sugar Cane in Tanzania Case Study
    47 Monitoring and Assessment Bioenergy Environmental Impact Analysis (BIAS) of Ethanol Production from Sugar Cane ioenergy in Tanzania Case Study: SEKAB/Bagamoyo B Climate Change Bernd Franke, Sven Gärtner, Susanne Köppen, Guido Reinhardt – IFEU, Germany Mugassa S.T. Rubindamayugi - University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Andrew Gordon-Maclean – Consultant, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Environment Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome 2010 The conclusions given in this report are considered appropriate at the time of its preparation. They may be modified in the light of further knowledge gained at subsequent stages. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged.
    [Show full text]