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Water Sustainability in Minnesota Progress and Plans “Decisions for Our Grandchildren” Water Resources Conference-- 2013 Jim Stark

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Water Sustainability in Minnesota Progress and Plans “Decisions for Our Grandchildren” Water Resources Conference-- 2013 Jim Stark Water Sustainability in Minnesota Progress and Plans “Decisions for our Grandchildren” Water Resources Conference-- 2013 Jim Stark U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey 1 It’s been a quiet month at the USGS • Planning, progress, work orders, agreements– on hold • Chemical samples– past holding dates • Time- sensitive field work-delayed • Holes in the conference schedule • I am really disappointed that Federal partners are absent • Recover will take time • Message to staff Acknowledgements, Disclaimer, and Thanks • This is a summary of efforts addressing water sustainability • Does not represent my work or that of the USGS • Progress based on work by many • Thanks for the thoughts and graphics • DNR, MPCA, MDH, MGS, EQB,UM- WRC, Freshwater Society, TNC, Metropolitan Council Outline • Water Availability and Water Sustainability—What do we mean? Are these different constructs? • Should we worry about water in the Land of 10,000 lakes? • What are we doing to ensure sustainability water? • What more should be done? Water Sustainability ? (Defined in Statute) • Protecting ecosystems • Protecting quality/quantity • Ensuring adequate water for the future • Whereas: Availability is about supplying human needs for today “Using water without causing future problems” Songs about Water Sustainability? • Don’t Drink the Water- Dave Mathews • End of the World as we know it –R.E.M. • We Built this City- Starship • Eve of Destruction- Barry McGuire • River of Dreams- Billy Joel • Rain Song- Led Zeppelin • Bridge Over Troubled Water- Simon and Garfunkel • Wish it would Rain- Nancy Griffith • You left the Water Running- Booker T and the MG’s • Watching the River Flow- Bob Dylan • Cry me a River- Ella Fitzgerald think about? However, the Best may be: “Livin on the Edge” By Aerosmith Because, although blessed with a great deal of stored (available) water….. (blue) It’s little changes “On the edges” of our stored water that define sustainable use of water Again, sustainability is about the difference between this And this– It’s really that simple in concept…… So, Water Sustainability is important and it is about Looking into the Future . Important Concept ! . Concerned ? . Progress? . Next Steps? 13 Water is important Makes Minnesota a Great Place However, lately water seems to be a worry (Worthington, MN-2012) Or floods…… Or the quality of the water that we drink… U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Live styles and finances are being affected Record low water level Lifestyles and finances are affected… 3.8 mi2 (2400 acres) As scientists, we try to understand the issues We have been trying to out the message…….. And the State’s citizen’s seem interested and concerned……….. This we know! Ensuring sustainable water will require good decisions, based on good information and public involvement Water Problem ? How about the Nation? Total Withdrawals (1950-2005) 500 2.50 Total Withdrawals 450 Per Person per Day 400 2.00 350 300 1.50 250 Gallons per Day of Gallonsof per Person per Day 200 1.00 Billion 150 Thousands 100 0.50 50 0 0.00 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 FRESHWATER TRENDS IN THE U.S. GROUND SURFACE 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 HIGHLIGHTS– NATIONAL PICTURE . WATER WITHDRAWALS HAVE STABILIZED . PER CAPITA USE HAS DECLINED . DISREGARDING QUALITY, THINGS SEEM STABLE . WHY? TECHNOLOGY, POLICY, EDUCATION, ECONOMICS Okay--What About Us? Water Story in Minnesota is little Different Trends? What Did Freshwater Find? A mixed bag, overall. Trends depend on use type. Irrigation and Municipal Supply lead the increases Use 1991 Pumping 2005 Pumping 1991-2005 Change % Change Air Conditioning! 8,442 1,865 -6,577 -78% Municipal Waterworks 105,283 132,832 27,549 26% Golf Course Sprinkling 2,708 5,733 3,025 112% Major Crop Irrigation 43,276 71,232 27,957 65% Industrial Processing 22,891 19,816 -3,075 -13% Pollution Clean-Up 5,074 4,688 -385 -8% Other 12,734 16,351 3,616 28% Total 200,408 252,518 52,110 26% Freshwater’s Summary . Groundwater use increased 26% (1991 and 2005) . Population increased 18% . Metropolitan Council– suburban growth could result in localized problems In Addition-- Sources are Changing Considering these trends should Minnesotans be concerned? Yes, Surface Water is important. Roughly ¼ of Minnesotans use surface water And Groundwater is Important • Groundwater supplies roughly ¾’s of Minnesotans • 250,000+ private wells Groundwater and Public Supply In fact, There are more public water supply wells than lakes Minnesota’s Drinking Water Public Water: Private Surface Wells Water 1.2 million 1.3 million Public Water Supply: Groundwater 2.7 million people 73 % from groundwater However, We shouldn’t think about slices of a pie Groundwater and Surface Water are a Single Resource! In fact, entire reports are written about the importance of working together on these issues What more do we need to consider? 45 Irrigation is Increasing Irrigation conflicts with other uses of our land Straight River and irrigated farm land, Becker and Hubbard Counties Agricultural drainage affects runoff and recharge Industry and Power Generation Will Continue to Need Water Iron and Sulfide (?) Mining will require significant processing water Minnesota Lake Superior Michigan Wisconsin What’sFrac-sand Trending? processing may further stress water resources U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey There continues to be more of us, and this will increase the demand on clean water Ecosystems Health will require clean and adequate water Biota have a place at the negotiating table Some of our lakes are threatened. White Bear– A poster child for our lakes! (However other NE Metro Lakes are affected) U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey And, lakes in other parts of the state are feeling the stress (Worthington) Water Levels in some bedrock aquifers are in decline 0 Mt. Simon – 100 ft. + 20 40 70002 70028 60 70029 70030 80 100 120 Feet below GroundSurface 140 160 180 200 1/1/1970 1/1/1980 12/31/1989 12/31/1999 12/30/2009 Progressive Long-Term Regional Declines: Metro area. (PdC- Jordan, 25 ft/ 10 years) Seasonal Changes as well (25 ft) More decline is Predicted! (2030 Model- projected drawdown, Prairie du Chien-Jordan Aquifer:>40 ft (Metropolitan Council) Not just a Metro problem: DNR’s GW Areas of Concern Water quality is equally important in the sustainability discussion Naturally occurring and human-related contaminants limit use of water Chloride Contaminants of Emerging Concern • Pharmaceutical compounds • Plastic components • Antioxidants and fire retardants • Surfactants and metabolites • Fragrances and flavors • Disinfectants Pesticides Pesticides and breakdown products are commonly detected in vulnerable areas: • Acetochlor • Alachlor • Atrazine • Metolachlor • Metribuzin Nutrients continue to be of concern (Nitrogen Fertilizer Sales--1965-2011) 900,000 14,000,000 800,000 12,000,000 700,000 10,000,000 600,000 8,000,000 500,000 400,000 6,000,000 ofSold N in Minnesota of N Sold in the U.S. the in Sold N of 300,000 MN Sales (left axis) 4,000,000 Tons Tons 200,000 US Sales (right axis) 2,000,000 100,000 0 0 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s 2010’s Public water suppliers deal with nitrate issues These water quality and quantity issues affect aquatic wildlife, recreation and other uses! It comes to this… Water is really important in Minnesota, and: . We face challenges for the future . Groundwater and surface water->one resource . Groundwater supports surface water-> both are important for biota, recreation, industry agriculture, public supply and waste assimilation . We need to manage both together . Actions today affect future ecosystems/humans It is apparent that development of groundwater and surface water affect each other Need to Focus on Sustainability! We face growing demand and competition for water sustainability means more than providing adequate supplies for human needs today (availability) Water supports agriculture, wetlands, wildlife and urban areas However, it’s Complicated. Sustainability is not just about science. We need to engage others in the dialog . Socio-economic constraints . Legal considerations . Regulatory considerations . Political considerations Water-budget myth: predevelopment water budgets can be used to calculate water available for consumption More Complications: • Water is common property--no prior rights! • So, value to individual users is relatively low • And, the impact of one individual is not generally discernible • However, the combined impact of many users can be significant • So, we have to manage this resource as a common good • “Tragedy of the Commons” Straight River and irrigated farm land, Becker and Hubbard Counties Water Sustainability Where are we in the process? We need to understand that Sustainability and Availability differ? • We are blessed with much water in storage • However, most it is not Sustainable • Signs of stress—Emerging concerns • We need to preserve clean water for streams and lakes (biota/future supply/waste assimilation/recreation) • We need to think long term • We need to determine sustainability targets (what can we use on a sustainable basis?) Legislature has told us what is most important in the Sustainability discussion . Protecting ecosystems . Protecting water quality/quantity . Ensuring adequate water for the future “Using water without causing future problems” Photo taken by Vicki Christensen We need educate others that Sustainability is more than adequate and safe.
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