'' Lessons Learned in Serbia from the May 2014 Flood''

Workshop on Flood Risk Management Measures & Links to EU WFD ’’ Lessons learned in Serbia from the May 2014 flood ’’ Darko Janjić C.E., Zvonimir Kocić C.E. Martina Egedušević C.E.

November 11-12, 2015 Zagreb Flood Events in May 2014

• Floods that affected wide areas around Sava and Velika Morava rivers in April and May 2014 had the character of a natural disaster. • They affected 43 out of 99 registered significant flood prone areas in Serbia. • From 14 th to 21 st May 2014, historical maximum flows and water levels were recorded on the tributaries of the Drina River, on the watercourses in the Kolubara Basin and the Zapadna Morava River which exceeded the projected level of security of the facilities built for flood control. • It resulted with serious destructions and massive damages to the existing flood protection structures.

The current state of Flood Protection in Serbia

STRUCTURAL FP measures : 1. Insufficient number and length of FP f acilities (unprotected cities and areas) 2. Predominantly “passive” FP measures (levees, regulated riverbeds..,), 3. Not enough “active” FP measures (dams, accum. with FP retention, derivation channels) 4. Insufficient level of flood protection (high water rare probabilities) 5. Lack of funds for maintenance and development

NON-STRUCTURAL FP measures : 1. Bad land use: in the potential flooding areas and erosion areas 2. Insufficient level of public awareness, 3. Insufficient level of education and participation of stakeholders in flood prevention and planning MAPPING FLOOD HAZARD & RISK ZON ES STEP 1: Preliminary Risk Assesment : completed 2012 Areas of Potential Significant Flood Risk

FLOOD VULNERABILITY P F R A (2012): FV Territories (%) 18 % - 16 000 km 2 (80% ag. land) - 512 settlements Structures of FV - 515 indust. and other facil. - 680 km of railroads A P S F R 99 FP STRUCTURES: FLOOD DEFENSE OP. PLAN FP lines 3723 km Dams 47 (FP retention function) HISTORICAL FLOODS MAJOR HISTORICAL FLOODS 1965, 1966, 1970, 1977, 1981, 1987, Danube, (tributaries), Tisa, Tamiš , 1999 2000, 2002, 2005 2011, * (2006, 2010) , V. Morava, J. Morava, Z. Morava 1965, 1966, 1970, 1977, (tributaries) 1981,

Sava (tributaries, Kolubara) 1974, 1981, (2010)

Drina (tributaries, Jadar) 1896, (1999, 2001, 2010) Flood Events in 2014 comparative with current APSFR FLOOD FLOOD EVENTS P F R A (2012): VULNERABILITY FV 2014 Territories (%) 18 % - 16 000 km 2 (80% ag. land) - 52 settlements - 512 settlements -32,000 people evacuated Structures of FV - 515 indust. and other facil. - 304 roads and three - 680 km of railroads railway bridges A P S F R 99 43 EMERGENCY FLOOD FP STRUCTURES: FLOOD DEFENSE OP. PLAN DEFENSE FP lines 3723 km Dams 1.120 km 47 (FP retention function) HISTORICAL FLOODS MAJOR HISTORICAL FLOODS FLOOD EVENTS 2014 1965, 1966, 1970, 1977, 1981, Danube, (tributaries), Tisa, 1987, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2005 - Tamiš , 2011, * (2006, 2010) , V. Morava, J. Morava, Z. 1965, 1966, 1970, 1977, April, May 2014. Morava (tributaries) 1981, Sava (tributaries, 1974, 1981, (2010) May 2014 Kolubara) Drina (tributaries, Jadar) 1896, (1999, 2001, 2010) May 2014 1,5 bilion FLOOD DAMAGES - Euro

*(successful and expensive FD) After Flood Event activities Eliminating floods consequences of May 2014

The Government of the Republic of Serbia adopted the Regulation on the Program of reconstruction of damaged water facilities in the water areas “Sava”, “Lower Danube” and “Morava” in June 2014, which defined FOUR URGENT DIRECTIONS to eliminate the floods consequences on the flood protection facilities: 1. EMERGENCY INTERVENTIONS 2. EMERGENCY REPAIR WORKS 3. EMERGENCY INVESTIGATIVE AND STUDY WORKS 4. PREPARATION OF NEW FP PROJECTS 1. Emergency interventions on the flood protection facilities:

• During the flood defense works were carried out on the 55 most endangered sites: • Temporary closure of embankment breaches. • Temporary reinforcing of other damaged flood protection structures and facilities. • Ensuring the stability of the eroded riverbanks to prevent their collapse. • Preventing the spread of damage to the protected areas. • The total value of these works is 1.75 million euro. • The works were completed by the end of October 2014.

2. Emergency repair works on the flood protection facilities • Works in order to achieve the anticipated stability and functionality of FP facilities • Rehabilitation works were carried out at 97 critical locations • The total value of these works is 10.875 million euro • The works were completed by mid-July 2015 The emergency repair works carried out in the immediate zone of the settlement

The emergency repair works carried out after the emergency intervention Reduction the consequences of erosion anti-erosion protection measures, works and designs FINISHED: • UNDP FUNDS of 1.5 million Euro o 18 torrential barriers (Durisavac, Maličin, Kostajnička, Boranjska, Ovčinjska, Kolarski potok, Stojićka, Limac, Sečica, Novoselska, Brštica, Mala, Velika, Crkveni, Lovačka, Štira) o in 8 cities (Ljubovija, Bajina Bašta, Kosjerić, Vrnjačka banja, Krupanj, Mali Zvornik, Osečina i Loznica) ,

IN PROGRESS: • EU PROGRESS FUNDS: 0,7 milion Euro o Torrential barriers and biotecnical protection works (Pusta reka - Barje, Svrljiški Timok, Trgoviški Timok, Jablanica, Vlasina, Pčinja, Južna Morava) o in 16 cities (Prokuplje, Bojnik, Lebane, Leskovac, Medveđa, Vlasotince, Babučnica, Crna Trava, Trgovište, Preševo, Vranje, Vladičin Han, Bujanovac, Svrljig i Knjaževac) .

• ITALIAN DONATION FUNDS: 0,65 milion Euro o Torrential barriers: (Tamnava, Ub, Kozerac, Zmajevac, Danube, creek Grobljanski, Šajna Matka and Mala Kamenica o in 4 cities (Ub, Koceljeva, Kladovo and Negotin)

3. Emergency investigative and study works (only for flood affected areas for the period 2015 – 2017).

• Preparation of technical documentation for emergency repair works

• The flood event expertise o Field investigations o Hydrological and hydraaulic flood event reconstruction o Geodetic survey of flood affected area o Geotechnical investigations on demaged FP facilities

• Improving the system of flood protection o For existing FPS - updating technical documentations for reconstruction o For new FPS - preparing new technical documentations for construction The works are still in progress.... 4. PREPARATION OF NEW FP PROJECTS Improvement Flood Management System in Serbia – Strategy for flood risk reduction

FUTURE NON-STRUCTURAL FP measures : (based on): 1. Preventive and operational measures • improvement of hydro-meteorological, monitoring, forecast and warnings, early warning system on regional, national and local level) 2. Regulative and institutional measures (MAPPING Flood Hazard and Risk Zone) 3. Building of public awareness 4. Education and participation of stakeholders in flood prevention and planning INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN FLOOD MANAGEMENT (ex. Regional Flood Protection projects) IPA 2014 Study of Flood Prone Areas in Serbia: Phase 2 SofPAS 2 32 rivers APSFR - Sava river - Kolubara and tributaries - Drina and tributaries - Mlava river, Pek, - Timok and tributaries ..... - 10% of rivers from SofPAS 1 (comparasion with experience from Flood Events in 2014) Current status: Terms of reference in preparation phase, based on: 1. Experience from Flood Events in 2014 2. Lessons learned: - Provide better accuracy of DTM data (LIDAR) - Use recorded data of Flood scenario - Improve collection and analysis of current hydrological and flood data Improvement Flood Management System in Serbia – Strategy for flood risk reduction FUTURE STRUCTURAL FP measures: (based on):

EXISTING (RECONSTRUCTED, WELL MAINTAINED) flood protection system 1. “Passive” measures (levees, regulated riverbeds..,),

NEW (WELL PLANNED) flood protection system – structures and measures Implementation advantage of: 1. “Active” FP measures (dams-accum, flood retention area, derivation channels) 2. FP Sustainable land use practices that improve UPSTREAM WATER RETENTION New FP Projects in Serbia 2015 – 2017 IPA 2014 comparative with current APSFR and Flood events in 2014

NEW PROJECTS FP LINES 2015 – 2017 Length IPA 2014 km

REGIONAL IPA PROJECT

FPS “MAČVA: SAVA – DRINA” – EAST ZONE: Phase 1/4 1. 5,313 SECTION 1

FPS “MAČVA: SAVA – DRINA” –W EST ZONE: Phase 1 2. 10,856 SECTION 2

FPS “MAČVA: SAVA – DRINA” –W EST ZONE: Phase 1 3. 10,212 SECTION 3

EURO 10.000.000 26,381

NATIONAL IPA PROJECTS

4. FPS CRNICA - PARAĆIN 22,3

5. FPS RESAVA - SVILAJNAC 11,5

6. FPS KOLUBARA - VALJEVO 7,8

7. FPS „BELGRADE: SAVA – DANUBE“ 3,64

EURO 14.300.000 New FP Projects in Serbia 2015 – 2017 IPA 2014 WORLD BANK comparative with current APSFR and Flood events in 2014

NEW PROJECTS FP LINES 2015 – 2017 Length WORLD BANK km FLOOD PROTECTION SYSTEM 43,2 1. FPS “RASKA: NOVI PAZAR” - INDUSTRIAL ZONE 4,3 2. FPS “MORAVICA – ALEKSINAC“ 3,9 3. FPS „JASENICA RIVER – SMEDEREVSKA PALANKA 14,5 4. FPS „ DANUBE – JASENIČKA RIVER: RADUJEVAC“ 2,7 5. FPS “JUŽNA MORAVA: DONJI LJUBES – VITKOVAC” 17,8 6. FPS “TAMIŠ” 12,65

7. FPS “RASKA: SAVA” 4,5

8. FPS “DUNAV” : BAČKA PALANKA, SOMBOR 7,27 EURO 12.654.000 67,62 New FP Projects in Serbia 2016 – 2020 comparative with current APSFR and Flood Events in 2014

NEW PROJECTS FP LINES 2016 – 2020 Length (PREPARATION) km FLOOD PROTECTION SYSTEM (F P S) 1. FPS CRNI TIMOK – BELI TIMOK - TIMOK: ZAJEČAR 26,35 Section 1: Veliki Timok Section 2: Beli Timok Section 2: Crni Timok 2. FPS SVRLJIŠKI TIMOK- KNJAŽEVAC 6,86 3. FPS TOPLICA RIVER : PROKUPLJE 4,5 4. FPS RAŠKA RIVER: RAŠKA 3,7 5. FPS NIŠAVA RIVER : NIŠ 4,3 6. FPS DANUBE: SMEDEREVO – SD FORTRESS 2,7 1 st FLOOD PROTECTION LINE 2 nd FLOOD PROTECTION LINE 7. FPS MLAVA: BRADARAC MALJUREVAC 5,1 8. FPS JADAR – KORENITA: LOZNICA - Phase 1: KORENITA 15,62 9. FPS JADAR – KORENITA: LOZNICA OSEČINA - Phase 2: JADAR 17,2 FPS "TAMNAVA – GRAČICA – UB “: 10. 37,2 UB RIVER (UB) FLOOD RETENTION AREA

11. FPS TAMNAVA RIVER: KOCELJEVA - FLOOD PROTECTION LEVEES FLOOD RETENTION 6,5

FPS “VELIKA MORAVA – LOZOVIK”: 12. 12,8 RIVER BANKS PROTECTION 13. FPS “DANUBE- VELIKO GRADIŠTE” 3,2 14. FPS “MAČVA: SAVA – DRINA” – WEST ZONE: Phase 2 38

15. FPS “MAČVA: SAVA – DRINA” – WEST ZONE: DRINA RIVER BANKS PROTECTION 38

DRAINAGE SYSTEM DANUBE: DRAINAGE SYSTEM „NEGOTIN“: 16. 25 2. level channells DANUBE: DRAINAGE SYSTEM „GODOMIN-EAST“: 17. 18 Main dranaige chanell (2. level channells) DANUBE: DRAINAGE SYSTEM „GODOMIN-WEST“: 18. 30 Main dranaige chanell – Phase 2 SAVA: DRAINAGE SYSTEM „MACVA“: 19. 25 2. level channells EURO 88.520.000 320,032 All FP Projects in Serbia comparative with current APSFR and Flood Events in 2014

- COMPLETED 2005 – 2013

- NEW IPA REGIONAL 2014 : 2015- 2017

- NEW IPA NATIONAL 2014 : 2015- 2017

- NEW WORLD BANK : 2015- 2017

- NEW PROJECT 2017- 2020 Lessons learned

- Guidelines for the future - - Future plans and priorities in risk management and flood prevention - Lessons learned WHAT WE KNEW ? 1. Insufficient number and length of FP facilities (unprotected cities and areas) 2. Predominantly “passive” FP measures (levees, regulated riverbeds..,), 3. Not enough “active” FP measures (dams, flood retention, derivation channels) 4. Insufficient level of FP (high water rare probabilities) 5. Bad land use in the potential flooding areas and erosion areas WHAT WAS MISSING ? STRUCTURAL FP measures : 1. FUNDS FOR MAINTENANCE, 2. FUNDS FOR FLOOD PREVENTION & PLANNING 3. FUNDS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF FP SYSTEM (based on “active” FP measures...) NON-STRUCTURAL FP measures : 1. FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT PLANS (flood hazards maps, flood risk maps) 2. REQUIRED LEVEL OF PUBLIC AWARENESS OF FLOOD RISK , 3. REQUIRED LEVEL OF EDUCATION AND PARTICIPATION OF STAKEHOLDERS Guidelines for the future

• Review and development of flood protection systems • Completion, extension, reconstruction of FP System, and improving maintenance; • Level of protection adapted to the characteristics of the protected area + additional measures to protect cities; • Reduction of flood waves : – International transit waterways (Danube, Sava and Tisa) require retention ponds at lower level areas (forest and agricultural); – on smaller rivers: the existing and future reservoirs, retention basins, relief and circumferential grooves; • Local protection measures at the level of individual objects or groups of objects. Upgrade of flood protection level Return period (years) 20 50 100 500 1000 Large cities (> 50000 inhab.) Medium cities (20000 tо 50000 inhab.) and important industrial areas Small cities (5000 tо 20000 inhab.) and other industrial areas Scatered settlements, roads and farms

Areas of intensive agriculture

Areas of extensive agriculture

Natural areas, no flood risk

Structural flood protection

Additional protection

No protection, damages allowed EXAMPLES OF NEW FP PROJECTS IN SERBIA SAVA RIVER: MACVA VALEY SAVA & DANUBE RIVER: BELGRADE, PANCEVO VALEY DANUBE RIVER: SMEDEREVO, MEDIVEL FORTRESS (the river Sava) MAČVA VALLEY In flood area: CITIES Agricultures Industrial complex, traffic infrastructures Reconstruction of the FP System UPGRADE LEEVES (EAST ZONE: 5,3 km + WEST ZONE: 21km) NEW height and geotechnical structural characteristics UNDERGRAUND FILTRATION PROTECTION (only on critical sections)

PUMP STATIONS RECONSTRUCTION WESTERN ZONE EASTERN ZONE Phase 1 Phase 2 21 km 5,3 km 2 1 New FP Projects in Serbia 2015 – 2017 IPA 2014: REGIONAL PROJECT FLOOD PROTECTION SYSTEM 3 MAČVA : SAVA - DRINA

FPS “MAČVA: SAVA – DRINA” – 1. 5,313 EAST ZONE: Phase 2 SECTION 1 WESTERN ZONE 2. FPS “MAČVA: SAVA – DRINA” – Phase 2 10,85 WEST ZONE: Phase 1 SECTION 2 38 km EASTERN ZONE FPS “MAČVA: SAVA – DRINA” – 3. Phase 1 WEST ZONE: Phase 2 SECTION 10,21 18 km 3 Flood Events in Serbia 2014 MAČVA - Sava - Drina Historical high water level

Risky and expensive Flood Defense Severely damaged levees RISKS DURING FLOOD DEFENSE MAY 2014

Overfloow protection

Filtration protection

Filtration protection UPGRADE LEEVES (EAST ZONE: 5,3 km + WEST ZONE: 21km) NEW height and geotechnical structural characteristics UNDERGRAUND FILTRATION PROTECTION (only on critical sections and near PS) NEW MATERIAL for undergraund filtration protection VINIL PILES Low costs Fast instalations NEW FUTURE FP PROJECTS

BELGRADE (DANUBE, SAVA) CITY (cities, infrastructures, public ....) PANČEVO VALLEY (cities, industrial complex, infrastructures) Reconstruction of the FP System Leeves (the river Danube, the river Tamiš), chanells, pump stations

SMEDEREVO (DANUBE, SAVA) medieval fortress, citie, industrial complex Reconstruction of the FP System UNDERGRAUND FILTRATION PROTECTION , mobile systems, pump stations BELGRADE CITY (DANUBE, SAVA) BELGRADE – PANCEVO VALEY (DANUBE) SMEDEREVO (DANUBE) Future technical solutions Based on: • Experiences from flood event May 2014 • New technologies

Thank you for your attention!

Public Water Management Company “Srbijavode”