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Survey of Current Business August 1923

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Survey of Current Business August 1923 MONTHLY SUPPLEMENT TO COMMERCE REPORTS UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE WASHINGTON SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS COMPILED BY BUREAU OF THE CENSUS BUREAU OF FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC COMMERCE BUREAU OF STANDARDS No. 24 .AUGUST 1923 CONTENTS Page. Page. Summary for June 1 Trend of business movements—Continued. Business indicators (diagrams and table) 2 Public finance 44 Wholesale price comparisons (diagrams and table) 4 Banking and finance 45 Pig iron production and unfilled steel orders (diagram) 6 Foreign exchange and trade 47 Business conditions in June 7 Trade and industry of foreign countries 49 Comparison of wholesale prices, by groups (diagram) 12 Detailed tables: Index numbers of production and marketing 23 World production of cotton and wheat 51 Trend of business movements: j Summary of production, stocks, unfilled orders (Table 1).. 52 Summary of business 25 ! Textiles (Tables 2 to 10) 53 Textiles 26 | Metals (Tables 11 to 22) 64 Metals 27 I Fuels (Tables 22 to 27) 73 Fuel and power 29 Automobiles and rubber (Tables 23 to 30) 79 Paper and printing 30 Hides and leather (Tables 31 to 34) 82 Buttons 31 Paper (Tables 35 to 41) 86 Rubber and automobiles 31 Building construction and materials (Tables 42 to 50). 93 Glass and optical goods 32 Chemicals and fats and oils (Tables 60 to 68) Ill Building and construction 32 Foodstuffs and tobacco (Tables 69 to 88 and 97) 120 Hides and leather 34 Transportation (Tables 89 to 96) 140 Chemicals, naval stores, and oils 35 Distribution movements (Tables 9S to 106) 149 Foodstuffs 37 Labor and price indexes (Tables 107 to 114) 158 Tobacco 40 Banking and finance (Tables 115 to 130) 166 Transportation 41 Foreign exchange and trade of United States (Tables 131 Public utilities 42 to 139) 182 Labor 42 Trade and industry of foreign countries (Tables 140 to 150). 191 Immigration and emigration 42 World production of sugar, flaxseed, and rice 202 Price index numbers 42 Sources of data 203 Distribution movement 44 Index 207 SUMMARY FOR JUNE. Due at least in part to seasonal trend, figures on The wholesale price index at 153 compares with 156 June business registered decreases from May, for most for May and 150 for June, 1922, all on a 1913 base. lines of commercial and industrial activity. Produc- The retail food index for June was 144 as against 143 tion of pig iron, steel ingots, copper, brick, and the in May and 141 in June, 1922. various species of lumber declined from the high out- Sales of mail-order houses declined seasonally. put maintained during the three previous months. June sales of ten-cent stores and department stores Cotton consumption, orders for steel castings, sales of were considerably above a year ago, fabricated structural steel, shipments of locomotives, Business failures continued to decline while savings unfilled steel orders and building contracts awarded deposits and sales of new life insurance continued to increase. declined from May. The index of unfilled orders for Freight-car loadings continued to break all previous basic commodities compiled by the Department of records for this season of the year while the daily net Commerce stood at 77 on July 1, based on 1920 as available surplus of cars increased, amounting to 100, as against 87 on June 1 and 66 on July 1, 1922. 46,775 at the end of June. 57735°—23 1 BUSINESS INDICATORS. (1913 monthly average=100. See explanation on inside front cover.) PIG IRON PRODUCTION. COTTON CONSUMPTION. BITUMINOUS COAL PRODUCTION. 1020 1021 1022 1023 800 600 400 8 NUMBER fi 80 —/"^—v^ Z 60 — \ / 40 \ / 20 NET FREIGHT TON-MILES. EXPORTS (VALUES). BANK CLEARINGS OUTSIDE NEW YORK CITY (VALUES). 1699 rofl 1021 - 1023 1921 1022 1023 1920 1021 1022 1023 inort 1.000 800 400 400 V Z 100 -A Z 100 100 1 5«il=r —n.—: 80 8 60 40 40 40 .30 IS 10 DEFAULTED LIABILITIES (VALUES). WHOLESALE PRICES. ]»RICES OF 25 INDUSTIHAL STOCKs. 1021 1020 1.000. 1021 1022 1023 800 S \-^. NUMBER 2 *-. «0 20 «0 BUSINESS INDICATORS. The following table gives comparative index numbers for a selected list of important business movements. It is believed that this table will prove useful, because it separates out from the large mass of material a comparatively small number of items which are often regarded as indicative of business in general. The table has been divided into two parts, the first containing those items for which index numbers can be calculated, using 1913 as a base. The second part contains items for which comparable data back to 1913 are not available. This latter group of index numbers is calculated by letting the 1919 monthly average equal 100. Care should therefore be exercised in comparing the absolute value of the two sets of data. In either group, however, the upward or downward trend of the index numbers, compared to previous months, does reflect the present tendency in each item and will give a basis for business judgment. MONTHLY AVERAGE. 1922 1923 COMMODITY. 1920 1921 1922 May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. j Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June, 1913 monthly average=100. Production: Pig iron* 54 87 90 92 94 71 79 103 111 121 126 117 138 139 151 143 Steelingots 135 64 114 128 124 117 104 112 135 136 131 151 137 160 156 166 149 Copper 39 81 90 93 92 98 95 101 101 103 110 101 119 116 123 122 Anthracite coal 97 99 58 (») 1 2 2 65 112 112 111 114 102 117 106 112 114 Bituminous coal H6 87 85 51 56 43 56 103 113 114 117 126 106 117 107 116 114 Crude petroleum 178 189 222 224 220 225 225 219 231 230 242 249 234 271 281 299 296 Cotton (consumption) *« HI 85 102 103 106 95 109 103 111 120 109 127 118 129 120 129 112 Beef 121 109 121 124 125 119 127 131 141 134 124 125 107 117 119 129 Pork HI 116 129 133 149 117 109 101 113 146 183 188 156 177 153 153 Unfilled orders: Steel Corporation 170 90 96 89 95 98 101 113 117 116 114 117 123 125 123 118 108 Stocks: i Crude petroleum | 109 152 234 235 244 249 250 251 253 252 252 &241 >243 6 247 '252 260 270 Cotton (mills and warehouses) *4.. j 150 183 161 128 103 87 83 138 184 191 193 176 156 142 124 103 83 Prices: Wholesale index, all commodities (Dept. Labor) 226 147 149 148 150 155 155 153 154 156 156 156 157 159 159 156 153 Retail food (Dept. Labor) 203 153 142 139 141 142 139 140 140 145 147 144 142 142 143 143 144 Retail coal, bitum.—U. S. average (Dept. Labor) 207 197 188 175 175 175 184 205 205 208 207 206 205 203 192 186 185 Farm crops (Dept. Agriculture) *... 238 109 113 118 119 118 114 110 110 118 123 126 130 134 139 140 139 Farmlivestock (Dept. Agriculture). 168 107 111 118 119 119 112 109 110 105 104 106 107 106 107 105 100 Business finances: Defaulted liabilities 108 230 229 195 168 176 177 162 152 177 256 217 179 213 227 181 126 Price 25 industrial stocks* \ 184 136 169 166 166 170 178 184 191 182 187 190 198 199 195 186 182 Price25railroad stocks* 67 64 75 76 74 77 82 83 83 76 74 74 79 78 76 73 73 Banking: Bank clearings, New York City 257 205 230 244 255 233 215 219 249 220 240 251 213 251 228 244 237 Bank clearings, outside N. Y. City.. 275 212 229 228 234 223 225 234 266 245 258 289 230 271 261 271 267 Commercial paper interest rate 127 113 76 74 70 65 68 72 76 76 80 80 87 89 Distribution: | Imports (value) • 29* 140 174 169 174 169 188 200 185 195 197 220 203 267 244 249 214 Exports (value) j 331 181 154 149 162 145 146 151 179 184 166 162 148 165 157 153 155 Sales, mail-order houses j 264 188 204 194 174 154 157 190 268 277 287 243 232 290 272 260 221 Transportation: | Freight, net ton-miles j 137 105 114 102 106 99 111 125 144 139 132 138 119 143 140 1919 monthly average=100. Production: Lumber* 100 I 85 I 114 126 132 122 129 124 123 124 96 109 99 I 131 130 135 136 Building contracts (floor space) 72 I 69 102 128 130 111 116 95 100 101 83 83 139 133 I 120 99 Stocks: Beef 70 43 I 27 24 21 20 20 22 28 40 48 43 42 33 24 Pork 97 85 70 83 94 91 81 67 47 50 68 92 102 112 109 113 Business finances: Bond prices index (40 issues) 87 107 108 108 109 111 112 110 107 107 107 106 I 104 103 104 104 Banking: Debits to individual accounts, out- side New York City , 114 91 97 93 90 94 105 98 112 112 96 112 107 116 111 Federal Reserve, bills discounted...! 132 91 28 29 24 20 21 22 24 34 33 31 31 36 33 I 38 40 Federal Reserve, total reserves i 97 122 I 144 143 144 145 146 146 147 146 144 147 146 145 I 145 i 146 146 Federal Reserve, ratio 87 122 j 154 155 154 158 158 156 155 152 144 153 152 150 153 ] 152 153 * Monthly statistics on the movements since January, 1913, or as far back as available, are given on pages 47-49 of the December Survey (No.
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