An Ethnography of Contested Return: Re-Making Kozarac
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UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo Order Online
UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo Order online Table of Contents Acknowledgments Introduction Glossary 1. Executive Summary The 1999 Offensive The Chain of Command The War Crimes Tribunal Abuses by the KLA Role of the International Community 2. Background Introduction Brief History of the Kosovo Conflict Kosovo in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Kosovo in the 1990s The 1998 Armed Conflict Conclusion 3. Forces of the Conflict Forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslav Army Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs Paramilitaries Chain of Command and Superior Responsibility Stucture and Strategy of the KLA Appendix: Post-War Promotions of Serbian Police and Yugoslav Army Members 4. march–june 1999: An Overview The Geography of Abuses The Killings Death Toll,the Missing and Body Removal Targeted Killings Rape and Sexual Assault Forced Expulsions Arbitrary Arrests and Detentions Destruction of Civilian Property and Mosques Contamination of Water Wells Robbery and Extortion Detentions and Compulsory Labor 1 Human Shields Landmines 5. Drenica Region Izbica Rezala Poklek Staro Cikatovo The April 30 Offensive Vrbovac Stutica Baks The Cirez Mosque The Shavarina Mine Detention and Interrogation in Glogovac Detention and Compusory Labor Glogovac Town Killing of Civilians Detention and Abuse Forced Expulsion 6. Djakovica Municipality Djakovica City Phase One—March 24 to April 2 Phase Two—March 7 to March 13 The Withdrawal Meja Motives: Five Policeman Killed Perpetrators Korenica 7. Istok Municipality Dubrava Prison The Prison The NATO Bombing The Massacre The Exhumations Perpetrators 8. Lipljan Municipality Slovinje Perpetrators 9. Orahovac Municipality Pusto Selo 10. Pec Municipality Pec City The “Cleansing” Looting and Burning A Final Killing Rape Cuska Background The Killings The Attacks in Pavljan and Zahac The Perpetrators Ljubenic 11. -
The-Prijedor-Genocide 1
PART 1. THE PRIJEDOR GENOCIDE The Prijedor genocide [1][2][3] , refers to numerous war crimes committed during the Bosnian war by the Serb political and military leadership mostly on Bosniak civilians in the Prijedor region of Bosnia-Herzegovina. After the Srebrenica genocide, it is the second largest massacre committed during the Bosnian war in 1992. Around 5,200 Bosniaks and Croats from Prijedor are missing or were killed during the massacre period, and around 14,000 people in the wider region of Prijedor (Pounje). [4] Contents • 1 Background • 2 Political developments before the takeover • 3 Takeover • 4 Armed attacks against the civilians o 4.1 Propaganda o 4.2 Strengthening of Serb forces o 4.3 Marking of non-Serb houses o 4.4 Attack on Hambarine o 4.5 Attack on Kozarac • 5 Camps o 5.1 Keraterm camp o 5.2 Omarska camp o 5.3 Trnopolje camp o 5.4 Other detention facilities • 6 Killings in the camps • 7 References • 8 See also • 9 External links Background Following Slovenia’s and Croatia’s declarations of independence in June 1991, the situation in the Prijedor municipality rapidly deteriorated. During the war in Croatia, the tension increased between the Serbs and the communities of Bosniaks and Croats. Bosniaks and Croats began to leave the municipality because of a growing sense of insecurity and fear amongst the population which was caused by Serb propaganda which became increasingly visible. The municipal newspaper Kozarski Vjesnik started publishing allegations against the non-Serbs. The Serb media propagandised the idea that the Serbs had to arm themselves. -
Local Memory Practices of the Memorial Complex at Mrakovica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Manuela BRENNER The Construction, De- and Reconstruction of History and Memory: Local Memory Practices of the Memorial Complex at Mrakovica, Bosnia and Herzegovina THE CONSTRUCTION, DE- AND RECONSTRUCTION OF HISTORY AND MEMORY: LOCAL MEMORY PRACTICES OF THE MEMORIAL COMPLEX AT MRAKOVICA, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Manuela BRENNER University of Regensburg UDK: 069(497.6 Mrakovica):94(4)“1941/1945“ 069(497.6 Mrakovica:355(497.6)“1992/1995“ Prethodno priopćenje Primljeno: 07.10.2013. Prihvaćeno: 05.01.2014. This paper examines the memory practices of the memorial complex at Mrakovica at the Kozara National Park in the Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The original concept of the memorial site, founded in 1972, was to keep the Kozara-epos alive. The erected monument, the memorial wall and the museum were built to remember one of the biggest battles during the Second World War on Yugoslav soil during which more than ten thousand Partisan fighters and civilians lost their lives. During the communist era the memorial site fit into the official memory frame: the high number of casualties, especially civilians, was put into the foreground and the Partisans in their struggle for liberation were glorified. The key component of the official narrative was the slogan brotherhood and unity. After the armed conflict in the 1990s, the site underwent several transformations. New memorial frames were set by nationalists; thus history and memory were thereby de- and reconstructed. The new narrative included not only victims of the Second World War but exclusively those victims belonging to the ethnic group of Serbs of the First World War and the conflict in 1992-95. -
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Original citation: Koinova, Maria and Karabegovic, Dzeneta . (2016) Diasporas and transitional justice : transnational activism from local to global levels of engagement. Global Networks (Oxford): a journal of transnational affairs . Permanent WRAP URL: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/83210 Copyright and reuse: The Warwick Research Archive Portal (WRAP) makes this work by researchers of the University of Warwick available open access under the following conditions. Copyright © and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable the material made available in WRAP has been checked for eligibility before being made available. Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not-for profit purposes without prior permission or charge. Provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. Publisher’s statement: "This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Koinova, Maria and Karabegovic, Dzeneta . (2016) Diasporas and transitional justice : transnational activism from local to global levels of engagement. Global Networks (Oxford): a journal of transnational affairs ., which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/glob.12128 This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving." A note on versions: The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher’s version. -
The Bosnian Case: Art, History and Memory
The Bosnian Case: Art, History and Memory Elmedin Žunić ORCID ID: 0000-0003-3694-7098 Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Melbourne Faculty of Fine Arts and Music July 2018 Abstract The Bosnian Case: Art, History and Memory concerns the representation of historic and traumatogenic events in art through the specific case of the war in Bosnia 1992-1995. The research investigates an aftermath articulated through the Freudian concept of Nachträglichkeit, rebounding on the nature of representation in the art as always in the space of an "afterness". The ability to represent an originary traumatic scenario has been questioned in the theoretics surrounding this concept. Through The Bosnian Case and its art historical precedents, the research challenges this line of thinking, identifying, including through fieldwork in Bosnia in 2016, the continuation of the war in a war of images. iii Declaration This is to certify that: This dissertation comprises only my original work towards the PhD except where indicated. Due acknowledgement has been made in the text to all other material used. This dissertation is approximately 40,000 words in length, exclusive of figures, references and appendices. Signature: Elmedin Žunić, July 2018 iv Acknowledgements First and foremost, my sincere thanks to my supervisors Dr Bernhard Sachs and Ms Lou Hubbard. I thank them for their guidance and immense patience over the past four years. I also extend my sincere gratitude to Professor Barbara Bolt for her insightful comments and trust. I thank my fellow candidates and staff at VCA for stimulating discussions and support. -
World Bank Document
35685 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Analysis of Administrative and Regulatory Costs in Gradiska Municipality Table of Contents INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................... 5 PARTNERS ON THE PROJECT ........................................................................................ 5 Gradiska Municipality........................................................................................... 5 SEED .................................................................................................................... 6 FIAS...................................................................................................................... 6 ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES AND BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT AT THE LOCAL LEVEL.... 7 Method to address problems.................................................................................. 7 Gradiska as a location for entrepreneurship.......................................................... 9 COMMERCIAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR INVESTING INTO THE GRADISKA MUNICIPALITY ................................................................................ 10 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 10 MUNICIPAL STRUCTURE ........................................................................................... 13 BUSINESS STRUCTURE ............................................................................................. -
On the Record: Returning Refugees to Bosnia Issue 9: June 8Th, 1999
On the Record: Returning Refugees to Bosnia Issue 9: June 8th, 1999 Taking Back Kozarac Contents: From Peter's diary -- 'The people of Kozarac take back their town" Emsuda Mujagić opens the meeting - "Step by step, bit by bit..." Profile: "She would wake in the mornings to find that people had thrown garbage on her porch and spat outside her door." From Teresa's diary - "A statement of their right to be present" From Peter's diary -- "What happens to a body...?" From the AP Editorial Desk From Peter's diary -- 'The people of Kozarac take back their town" Monday, May 24. Approximately 100 Bosnians, Croatians, Europeans, and North Americans sat in a sun-blasted courtyard in the middle of the ruins of Kozarac today as Emsuda Mujagić, director of Srcem do Mira, convened the conference under the title "Building Bridges of Peace and Trust in Civil Society." In the year that has passed since the fifth annual Srcem do Mira conference, much progress has taken place. But the good will between Serb and Muslim activists that pervaded the atmosphere of last year's conference is absent today, because the members of Serb nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in the municipality have chosen not to attend this conference. This is partially a reflection of the present political atmosphere in the Republika Srpska (RS), resulting from the international community's recent award of Brčko to both entities and its removal of RS President Nikola Poplašen, as well as the NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) intervention in neighboring Yugoslavia. For these and other reasons, relations between Serb and Muslim NGOs in this part of Bosnia are at a low point. -
Seeking Justice for Wartime Crimes in Bosnia and Herzegovina
SEEKING JUSTICE FOR WARTIME CRIMES IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA General Allegation regarding the application of statutes of limitations and court fees to victims 1 SUBMITTED BY TRIAL International Yale Law School’s Lowenstein International Human Rights Clinic SIGNED BY ANIMA Kotor Association for Missing Persons from Hadzici Association NasGlas Association of Detainees Bosanski Novi Association of Detainees Kozarac Association of Detainees of Hercegovina-Neretva Canton Association of Detainees of Zenica-Doboj Canton Association of Detainees Prijedor 92 Association of Prijedor Women “Izvor” Association of Victims and Witnesses of Genocide Center for Democracy and Transitional Justice Center for Woman’s Rights Center for Women War Victims ROSA Croatian Association of Detainees of Homeland War in Bosnia and Herzegovina Forum ZFD Foundation CURE Foundation United Women Banja Luka Municipal Association of Detainees Sanski Most Network for Building Peace Organization of Families of Martyred Soldiers and Missing Persons “Vrbanja” Kotor Varos Regional Association of Detainees Višegrad Regional Union of Detainees of Banja Luka Region Sarajevo Open Centre Society for Threatened Peoples Vasa prava Bosnia and Herzegovina Vivezene Tuzla Women in Black 2 “It was an additional humiliation for everyone, because they believed in a little bit of justice regardless of everything. I am angry at the country, at the prosecution offices, and at the courts. They did nothing for victims of torture, absolutely nothing.”1 – A former camp detainee whose civil claim was dismissed on the basis of statutes of limitations “We filed the claim hoping to receive at least some kind of satisfaction for the beatings, illegal detainment. However, the opposite happened .. -
The International Criminal Tribunal
MICT-13-55-A 2970 A2970-A2901 15 March 2017 AJ THE MECHANISM FOR INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNALS No. MICT-13-55-A IN THE APPEALS CHAMBER Before: Judge Theodor Meron Judge William Hussein Sekule Judge Vagn Prusse Joensen Judge Jose Ricardo de Prada Solaesa Judge Graciela Susana Gatti Santana Registrar: Mr Olufemi Elias Date Filed: 15 March 2017 THE PROSECUTOR v. RADOVAN KARADZIC Public Redacted Version RADOVAN KARADZIC’S RESPONSE BRIEF ________________________________________________________________________ Office of the Prosecutor: Laurel Baig Barbara Goy Katrina Gustafson Counsel for Radovan Karadzic Peter Robinson Kate Gibson No. MICT-13-55-A 2969 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 4 II. THE PROSECUTION’S APPEAL .................................................................................. 5 1. The Excluded Crimes were Rightly Excluded .............................................................. 5 A. The Trial Chamber committed no legal error in identifying another reasonable inference ...................................................................................................... 7 B. The finding that the Excluded Crimes did not form part of the JCE was reasonable .................................................................................................................... 10 1. The Trial Chamber never found that President Karadzic knew the Excluded Crimes were necessary to achieve the common criminal purpose......... -
MSF and the War in the Former Yugoslavia 1991-2003 in the Former MSF and the War Personalities in Political and Military Positions at the Time of the Events
MSF AND THE WAR IN THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA 1991 - 2003 This case study is also available on speakingout.msf.org/en/msf-and-the-war-in-the-former-yugoslavia P MSF SPEAKS OUT MSF Speaking Out Case Studies In the same collection, “MSF Speaking Out”: - “Salvadoran refugee camps in Honduras 1988” Laurence Binet - Médecins Sans Frontières [October 2003 - April 2004 - December 2013] - “Genocide of Rwandan Tutsis 1994” Laurence Binet - Médecins Sans Frontières [October 2003 - April 2004 - April 2014] - “Rwandan refugee camps Zaire and Tanzania 1994-1995” Laurence Binet - Médecins Sans Frontières [October 2003 - April 2004 - April 2014] - “The violence of the new Rwandan regime 1994-1995” Laurence Binet - Médecins Sans Frontières [October 2003 - April 2004 - April 2014] - “Hunting and killings of Rwandan Refugee in Zaire-Congo 1996-1997” Laurence Binet - Médecins Sans Frontières [August 2004 - April 2014] - ‘’Famine and forced relocations in Ethiopia 1984-1986” Laurence Binet - Médecins Sans Frontières [January 2005 - November 2013] - “Violence against Kosovar Albanians, NATO’s Intervention 1998-1999” Laurence Binet - Médecins Sans Frontières [September 2006] - “War crimes and politics of terror in Chechnya 1994-2004’” Laurence Binet - Médecins Sans Frontières [June 2010-September 2014] - “Somalia 1991-1993: Civil war, famine alert and UN ‘military-humanitarian’ intervention” Laurence Binet - Médecins Sans Frontières [October 2013] - “MSF and North Korea 1995-1998” Laurence Binet - Médecins Sans Frontières [November 2014] - “MSF and Srebrenica 1993-2003” -
PROSECUTION WITNESSES PROSECUTION (Exclusively for the Use of the Media
PROSECUTION WITNESSES PROSECUTION (Exclusively for the use of the media. Not an official document) Witness Code / Witness Name and Mode and Time Information on previous testimony (if applicable) and background information Calling Order1 of Testimony Previously testified before the Tribunal: Brđanin case: 7, 17 and 18 June 2002 Milošević case: 3 December 2003 Krajišnik case: 26 July 2004 KDZ263 Partial 92r te 2 1. Ahmet ZULIĆ Ahmet Zulić has previously testified about the general political situation in Sanski Most and about the brutal conditions, 1 hour3 beatings and killings in the detention facilities in which he was held. For more information, please see the “Prosecutions second notification of admission of written evidence pursuant to Rule 92ter with appendices A and B witness Ahmet Zulić” of 24 February 2010 (Document available from ICTY Court Records). Previously testified before the Tribunal: Krajišnik case: 2 and 3 September 2004 Sulejman Crnčalo has previously testified about events in the municipality of Pale in 1991 and the first half of 1992. “The witness was a Muslim factory worker who lived in Pale from 1978 until the time he was expelled on 2 July 1992. He describes the persecution of Muslims in Pale from 1991 until July 1992, when almost all the remaining Muslims were transferred out of the municipality, and the participation of the Bosnian Serb forces (including, in particular, the police, acting in cooperation with paramilitary units) in this campaign…” (Krajišnik case, 2 Sept. 2004, transcript page 5291) KDZ183 2. Sulejman 92ter CRNČALO From the Prosecution submission in the Karadžić case, 2 November 2009: 0.5 hours “… The Witness is a crime-base witness from Pale municipality, who was expelled from Pale to Sarajevo in July 1992, and lived in Sarajevo with his wife and children until the end of the siege. -
Northwestern Bosnia
February 1996 Vol. 8, No. 1 (D) NORTHWESTERN BOSNIA Human Rights Abuses during a Cease-Fire and Peace Negotiations SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................................2 RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................................................................4 BACKGROUND...............................................................................................................................6 ABUSES IN THE SANSKI MOST AREA.......................................................................................7 Summary Executions...........................................................................................................7 AEthnic Cleansing@ of Villages and Towns in the Sanski Most Area...................................9 Stari Majdan .........................................................................................................9 Sanski Most ........................................................................................................13 Kijevo .................................................................................................................15 Poljak..................................................................................................................16 Podbreñje ............................................................................................................17 ehovci ...............................................................................................................18