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Soho Depicted: Prints, Drawings and Watercolours of Matthew Boulton, His Manufactory and Estate, 1760-1809
SOHO DEPICTED: PRINTS, DRAWINGS AND WATERCOLOURS OF MATTHEW BOULTON, HIS MANUFACTORY AND ESTATE, 1760-1809 by VALERIE ANN LOGGIE A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of History of Art College of Arts and Law The University of Birmingham January 2011 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT This thesis explores the ways in which the industrialist Matthew Boulton (1728-1809) used images of his manufactory and of himself to help develop what would now be considered a ‘brand’. The argument draws heavily on archival research into the commissioning process, authorship and reception of these depictions. Such information is rarely available when studying prints and allows consideration of these images in a new light but also contributes to a wider debate on British eighteenth-century print culture. The first chapter argues that Boulton used images to convey messages about the output of his businesses, to draw together a diverse range of products and associate them with one site. Chapter two explores the setting of the manufactory and the surrounding estate, outlining Boulton’s motivation for creating the parkland and considering the ways in which it was depicted. -
Inventing the Professional Inventor During the Industrial Revolution∗
The Rise of the Engineer: Inventing the Professional Inventor During the Industrial Revolution∗ W. Walker Hanlon NYU Stern School of Business, NBER, CEPR July 1, 2021 Abstract Why was the Industrial Revolution successful at generating sustained economic growth? One explanation that has been put forward is that there was a fun- damental change in the way that new technology was developed during this period, yet current evidence for such a change remains largely anecdotal. This paper provides direct quantitative evidence showing that how innovation and design work was done changed fundamentally during the Industrial Revolution. This change was characterized by the professionalization of innovation and de- sign work through the emergence of the engineering profession. I document the emergence of this new type of worker, show the contribution that engineers made to technology development during the Industrial Revolution, and provide a theoretical framework for understanding how this change in the innovation system could have acted as a mechanism allowing the economy to transition from a slow \pre-modern" growth regime into more rapid \modern" economic growth. Keywords: Industrial Revolution, innovation, engineering, economic growth ∗I thank Brian Beach, Asaf Bernstein, James Feigenbaum, James Fenske, Michela Giorcelli, Daniel Gross, Philip Hoffman, Anton Howes, Morgan Kelly, David Mitch, Joel Mokyr, Petra Moser, Alessandro Nuvolari, Kevin O'Rourke, Santiago P´erez,Michael Peters, Sarah Quincy, Vasily Ru- sanov, Mike Waugh, Chenzi Xu, Ariell Zimran and seminar participants at NYU Stern, Northwestern and the Virtual Economic History Seminar for helpful comments. I am grateful to Sean Bottomley, Stephen Billington, Petra Moser, and Alessandro Nuvolari for their willingness to share data with me. -
Smethwick Area Action Plan
Smethwick Area Action Plan A Development Plan Document Sandwell M.B.C. Adopted December 2008 1 Further information is available from this address, Planning Policy Section, Directorate of Planning and Transportation, Sandwell MBC, Development House, Lombard Street, West Bromwich, West Midlands B70 8RU. Or by telephone: 0121 569 4254, Or at www.sandwell.gov.uk. 2 Smethwick Area Action Plan Contents 1. Introduction 2. Consultation 3. Smethwick Area Action Plan 4. Background to the Area Action Plan 5. Description of the Area 6. Policy Framework - National Context - Regional Context - Local Context 7. The Framework for the Smethwick Area Action Plan 8. An overview of the Plan area - Housing - Employment - Transport - Green Infrastructure - Heritage - Social Infrastructure - Education - Health - Leisure and community facilities - Centres - Urban Design - Linkages - Planning Obligations 9. Local Policies Sme1 – North Smethwick Canalside Sme2 – Rabone Lane Sme3 – Windmill Lane/Soho Way Sme4 – Grove Lane Sme5 – Cranford Street Sme6 – Black Patch Park Sme7 – Foundry Lane Sme8 – Soho Foundry 10. Implementation and Monitoring 3 Appendices Appendix 1 – Relevant UDP Policies List of Plans Plan 1 - Unitary Development Plan Changes to Proposals Map Plan 2 - Regeneration Areas Plan 3 - Area Action Plan Boundary Plan 4 - Local Policy Sme1 and Sme2 Plan 5 - Local Policy Sme3 Plan 6 - Local Policy Sme4 Plan 7 - Local Policy Sme5 Plan 8 - Local Policy Sme6, Sme7 and Sme8 4 Smethwick Area Action Plan 1. Introduction 1.1 Since the approval of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act in 2004, local authorities have to prepare Local Development Frameworks (LDF) to provide the spatial planning strategy for their areas Contained within the LDF is the Local Development Scheme which sets out the details of the Local Development Documents to be produced for the area together with their timescales for preparation and adoption for a three year period. -
At the Soho Sites of Matthew Boulton and James Watt
WOMEN AND CHILD WORKERS AT THE SOHO SITES OF MATTHEW BOULTON AND JAMES WATT Caitlin Russell In the 1770s, a partnership developing practical steam power began between the English manufacturer, Matthew Boulton, and the Scottish steam engine inventor, James Watt. This partnership was successful and in 1796 they established a foundry in Smethwick, Birmingham, to have a specialised production unit for their steam engines. It joined Boulton’s Manufactory and Mint, in Handsworth, to form the Soho Sites. These enterprises contained a wide range of workers, including women and teenage boys. Documents kept by the company reveal the nature and extent of the relationship between employers and employees. Reproduced with the permission of the Library of Birmingham of the Library with the permission Reproduced Matthew Boulton’s Soho Manufactory, Handsworth near Birmingham, the home to several of his businesses from Bisset’s Magnificent Guide or Grand Copperplate Directory for the Town of Birmingham, 1808. WOMEN AND CHILD WORKERS AT THE SOHO SITES OF MATTHEW BOULTON AND JAMES WATT Women Workers Sometimes this red ink mentioned when money There is not a lot of evidence for women workers, but was ‘left off for club’, referring to the women’s one of the few tantalising pieces is provided by Dorothy division of the Soho Insurance Society, commonly Richardson, a contemporary who Courtesy of Assay Office Birmingham known as the Soho Sick Club, visited the factory in which provided 1770 and wrote a Manufactory detailed account of workers with a what she saw. Her limited, but evidence indicates progressive for the that there were time, version of women workers at the workers’ health Manufactory who have insurance.4 The women’s been hidden from history in division is only briefly the secondary sources. -
The Newcomen Society
The Newcomen Society for the history of engineering and technology Welcome! This Index to volumes 1 to 32 of Transactions of the Newcomen Society is freely available as a PDF file for you to print out, if you wish. If you have found this page through the search engines, and are looking for more information on a topic, please visit our online archive (http://www.newcomen.com/archive.htm). You can perform the same search there, browse through our research papers, and then download full copies if you wish. By scrolling down this document, you will get an idea of the subjects covered in Transactions (volumes dating from 1920 to 1960 only), and on which pages specific information is to be found. The most recent volumes can be ordered (in paperback form) from the Newcomen Society Office. If you would like to find out more about the Newcomen Society, please visit our main website: http://www.newcomen.com. The Index to Transactions (Please scroll down) GENERAL INDEX Advertising puffs of early patentees, VI, 78 TRANSACTIONS, VOLS. I-XXXII Aeolipyle. Notes on the aeolipyle and the Marquis of Worcester's engine, by C.F.D. Marshall, XXIII, 133-4; of Philo of 1920-1960 Byzantium, 2*; of Hero of Alexandria, 11; 45-58* XVI, 4-5*; XXX, 15, 20 An asterisk denotes an illustrated article Aerodynamical laboratory, founding of, XXVII, 3 Aborn and Jackson, wood screw factory of, XXII, 84 Aeronautics. Notes on Sir George Cayley as a pioneer of aeronautics, paper J.E. Acceleration, Leonardo's experiments with Hodgson, 111, 69-89*; early navigable falling bodies, XXVIII, 117; trials of the balloons, 73: Cayley's work on airships, 75- G.E.R. -
Open Innovation of James Watt and Steve Jobs: Insights for Sustainability of Economic Growth
sustainability Editorial Open Innovation of James Watt and Steve Jobs: Insights for Sustainability of Economic Growth JinHyo Joseph Yun 1,*, Kwangho Jung 2 and Tan Yigitcanlar 3 ID 1 Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseon-gun, Daegu 42988, Korea 2 Korea Institute of Public Affairs, Graduate School of Public Administration, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 086626, Korea; [email protected] 3 School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 11 May 2018; Accepted: 12 May 2018; Published: 14 May 2018 Abstract: This paper analyzes open innovation approach similarities and differences of James Watt and Steve Jobs—symbolic entrepreneurs of the First and Fourth Industrial Revolutions, respectively. The methodologic approach includes a review of the literature. Firstly, the key characteristics of the First and Fourth Industrial Revolutions are determined by comprehensively reviewing the literature—particularly books on both legendary innovation entrepreneurs. Secondly, the related preceding research that describes open innovation characteristics that James Watt and Steve Jobs possessed are critically analyzed. Thirdly, open innovation strategies promoted by the two innovation entrepreneurs are scrutinized by analyzing the related literature. The findings reveal the common and differing points of the two entrepreneurs’ open innovation strategies and approaches. This paper serves as an editorial piece and introduces the special issue entitled ‘Sustainability of Economic Growth: Combining Technology, Market, and Society’, where the special issue contains 19 papers directly related to the open innovation strategy of Steve Jobs and James Watt. -
Matthew Boulton and the Soho Mint Numismatic Circular April 1983 Volume XCI Number 3 P 78
MATTHEW BOULTON AND THE SOHO MINT: COPPER TO CUSTOMER by SUE TUNGATE A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Modern History College of Arts and Law The University of Birmingham October 2010 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT Matthew Boulton (1728-1809) is well known as an eighteenth-century industrialist, the founder of Soho Manufactory and the steam-engine business of Boulton and Watt. Less well known are his scientific and technical abilities in the field of metallurgy and coining, and his role in setting up the Soho Mint. The intention of this thesis is to focus on the coining activities of Matthew Boulton from 1787 until 1809, and to examine the key role he played in the modernisation of money. It is the result of an Arts and Humanities Research Council-funded collaboration with Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery, where, after examination of their extensive collection of coins, medals, tokens and dies produced at the Soho Mint, .research was used to produce a catalogue. -
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: a DOCUMENTARY HISTORY Series One: the Boulton and Watt Archive and the Matthew Boulton P
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: A DOCUMENTARY HISTORY Series One: The Boulton and Watt Archive and the Matthew Boulton Papers from Birmingham Central Library Part 12: Boulton & Watt Correspondence and Papers (MS 3147/3/179) DETAILED LISTING REEL 215 3/258 Logan Henderson, 1781 (50 items) 1. Letter. Logan Henderson (Cusgarne) to James Watt (Soho). 1 Jan. 1781. 2. Letter. Logan Henderson (Cusgarne) to James Watt (Soho). 4 Jan. 1781. Docketed “Mr. Williams’ order to send off Poldice goods.” 3. Letter. Logan Henderson (Cusgarne) to James Watt (Soho). 6 Jan. 1781. Docketed “Receipt of £16.12.7 from Mr. Philips.” 4. Letter. Logan Henderson (Cusgarne) to James Watt [Soho]. 8 Jan. 1781. Docketed “About United Mines balance bob.” 5. Letter. Logan Henderson (Cusgarne) to James Watt (Soho). 13 Jan. 1781. Docketed “List of beam screws made.” 6. Letter. Logan Henderson (Cusgarne) to James Watt (Soho). 15 Jan. 1781. 7. Letter. Logan Henderson (Cusgarne) to James Watt (Soho). 18 Jan. 1781. 2 sheets. Docketed “Arrival of Pool nozzles. Scheme of a tilting forge.” 8. Letter. Logan Henderson (Cusgarne) to James Watt (Soho). 20 Jan. 1781. 9. Letter. Logan Henderson (Cusgarne) to James Watt [Soho]. 22 Jan. 1781. Docketed “Order for Poldice pumps.” 10. Letter. Logan Henderson (Cusgarne) to James Watt (Soho). 25 Jan. 1781. Docketed “About Poldice pumps.” 11. Letter. Logan Henderson (Redruth) to James Watt (Soho). 28 Jan. 1781. Letter continued on 29 Jan. Docketed “Demand for portable engines.” 12. Letter. Logan Henderson (Cusgarne) to James Watt (Soho). 8 Feb. 1781. 13. Letter. Logan Henderson (Cusgarne) to James Watt (Soho). 10 Feb. -
Accounting for Steam: the Accounts of the Soho Factory
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Business - Accounting & Finance Working Papers Faculty of Business and Law 1995 Accounting for steam: The accounts of the Soho factory R. Williams University of Wollongong Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/accfinwp Part of the Accounting Commons Recommended Citation Williams, R., Accounting for steam: The accounts of the Soho factory, School of Accounting & Finance, University of Wollongong, Working Paper 24, 1995. https://ro.uow.edu.au/accfinwp/80 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE WORKING PAPERS SERIES ACCOUNTING FOR STEAM: THE ACCOUNTS OF THE SOHO FACTORY by Robert Williams The University ofWollongong 1995 95/14 ACCOUNTING FOR STEAM: THE ACCOUNTS OF THE SOHO FOUNDRY Robert Williams Department of Accounting and Finance University of Wollongong Northfields Avenue Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia email: [email protected] Abstract The accounting records of the Soho Foundry, an organisation set up in the late eighteenth century display a close similarity to modem accounting processes. This paper discusses the organisation of the foundry and its ledger, as a reflection of that organisation, during the early years ofoperation. The Soho Foundry was unique in as much as it was the first factory built to solely manufacture steam engines and as may be expected the organisation of the foundry reflected the innovation of the design of its product. The accounting system employed also reflected a high degree of sophistication. -
Route Around Smethwick
Shireland Collegiate Academy, Waterloo Road, Smethwick Shireland Collegiate Academy is a Secondary School in the English academy programme, The school was built during the early 20th century. Originally called Shireland High School, and then later Shireland Language College. The school became Shireland Collegiate Academy in 2007. The Academy, and its predecessor schools has been run by Sir Mark Grundy since 1997 who was knighted for his services to education for his work within the school Harborne Parish Trust Smethwick was originally a township within the ancient parish of Harborne to the west of Birmingham. Harborne parish was shaped roughly like anhour-glass, with Smethwick forming the upper partand the neck and Harborne township the lower part. Cape Hill Waterloo Road Shireland Hall to our right Shireland Hall Primary School, Smethwick Shireland Hall Primary was originally on the same site as Shireland Collegiate Academy and built on the present site in 1975. The latest rebuild has just been completed and has become a Primary Academy part of the Eliot Trust Foundation Cape Hill The Cape Hill district takes its name from theCape of Good Hope inn which stood by 1814 atthe junction of Grove Lane and the main road Cinemas To our left Smethwick as a whole had several cinemas which had all closed by 1970. The earliest was the Cape Electric Cinema, built in 1911.[5] Just off Cape Hill, on Windmill Lane, was the Gaumont Cinema. The site originally held a skating rink, built in 1909. This was sold and converted into a cinema, named the Rink Picture House, in 1912. -
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: SERIES ONE: the Boulton and Watt Archive, Parts 4 and 5
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: SERIES ONE: The Boulton and Watt Archive, Parts 4 and 5 Editorial Preface by Professor Jennifer Tann In 1911 the core of the magnificent collection of the business papers of the Boulton & Watt partnership was presented to the City of Birmingham by Mr George Tangye and in 1915 the collection was deposited in the Central Library. Geroge Tangye had acquired the documents on the demolition of Soho Manufactory in 1863 and a selection had subsequently been displayed in Tangye's Cornwall Works. The collection was considerably augmented in 1936 and again in 1946 by W & T Avery who had acquired the Soho Foundry in 1896, while in 1921 the Muirhead Collection of Bolton & Watt papers was presented to the Central Library by Mr J B C-L Muirhead, having earlier formed the basis for J P Muirhead's Mechanical Inventions of James Watt (1854) and Life of James Watt (1859). The papers probably originated from Watt jnr's solicitors, Muirhead having been the executor at Watt Jr.'s death in 1848. These papers have subsequently been added to with two scrap books collected by Samuel Timmins, a volume of letters from George Hamilton, an employee, to Robert Hamilton and a volume of topographical drawings made by William Creighton, an employee. There are also various individual documents and small groups purchased at different times; most notably in 1986 at the Tew Park sale, when a volume of plans of Cornish mines (1781) and architectural drawings for Soho House were purchased. It was to the initial gift by Tangye that a German professor of the History of Technology and Industries, Conrad Matschoss, referred in 1914, just before the outbreak of the First World War, when he reminded British engineers and learned societies that there was 'little material of more value for the understanding of the evolution of Engineering and of our profession than the few letters of Watt published by Muirhead but these letters form only a small part of the original manuscripts and letters of James Watt. -
Bantock House and Park by Roger Bruton
Newsletter Issue 12 Friends of September 2012 the Centre for West Midlands History Sharing the Past with the Future Leave the Pig’s Bladder at home! Bantock House and Park by Roger Bruton Back in the mists of time, once a year a few stubble-chinned chums and myself trekked up to Bantock Park to kick a pig’s bladder about. Well how times have changed! Not just my ability to kick said bladder more than five yards but the conversion by Wolverhampton City Council of Bantock House and its parkland into a delightful urban museum experience. Built around the 1730s by the Pettits, an immigrant Hugenot family, the then New Merridale Farm was not lived in by the family but leased as a working farm. It was in 1864 when Thomas Bantock and family moved into a house that had been extended in 1810 and the current layout of the house owes much to Thomas’s son Baldwin, like his father to become mayor of the town. The ground floor is presented in the style of the Edwardian Arts and Crafts movement which was favoured by Baldwin and his wife and the decorative ceilings were moulded in papier-maché, as can be seen in the accompanying photograph. It is entirely appropriate therefore that products of one of the City’s principal former industries that owed much to the use of papier-maché, japanned ware, is displayed on the first floor. Around 200 japan works functioned in the city and the local Manders company developed lacquer used in the process.