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BACKGROUND STUDY TOWARDS BIODIVERSITY PROOFING of the EU BUDGET Final Report 07.0307/2011/605689/ETU/B2 21St December 2012

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BACKGROUND STUDY TOWARDS BIODIVERSITY PROOFING of the EU BUDGET Final Report 07.0307/2011/605689/ETU/B2 21St December 2012 BACKGROUND STUDY TOWARDS BIODIVERSITY PROOFING OF THE EU BUDGET Final Report 07.0307/2011/605689/ETU/B2 21st December 2012 by The Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP) In collaboration with Transport and Environmental Policy Research Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP) London office: 15 Queen Anne’s Gate London SW1H 9BU, UK United Kingdom Brussels Office: Quai au Foin, 55 Hooikaai 55 1000 Brussels Belgium Contact person: Graham Tucker 15 Queen Anne’s Gate London SW1H 9BU, UK United Kingdom Email: [email protected] The Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP) is an independent, not for profit institute dedicated to advancing an environmentally sustainable Europe through policy analysis, development and dissemination. Based in London and Brussels, the Institute’s main focus of research is on the development, implementation and evaluation of EU policies of environmental significance, including agriculture, biodiversity, climate and energy, fisheries, industrial policy, regional development, transport, waste and water. See www.ieep.e for further details Authorship The recommended citation for this report is: IEEP, GHK and TEPR (2012) Background Study Towards Biodiversity Proofing of the EU Budget. Report to the European Commission. Institute for European Environmental Policy, London. Authors in alphabetical order: IEEP: Catherine Bowyer, Jane Desbarats, Sonja Gantioler, Peter Herp, Marianne Kettunen, Keti Medarova-Bergstrom, Stephanie Newman, Jana Poláková, Graham Tucker and Axel Volkery. Transport and Environmental Policy Research: Ian Skinner GHK: Matt Rayment Disclaimer The authors have full responsibility for the content of this report, and the conclusions, recommendations and opinions presented in this report reflect those of the consultants, and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the Commission. Acknowledgements We particularly thank the following experts for their views on the definition of biodiversity proofing: Peter Torkler (WWF), Stefan Speck (EEA), Mania Lamprou (National Technical University of Athens), Martina Makai (Ministry of Rural Development, Hungary). We are also grateful to all the Commission staff who provided useful information and took part in interviews during the study, including Judit Bertrand and Stephane Ouaki from DG MOVE, and Martin Sharman from DG Research. This final report also draws on the results of a conference held in Brussels on 3rd July 2012 as part of this study, and we thank all the participants for their contributions to the discussions at the meeting (see list in Appendix 1). We are also grateful to the following colleagues at IEEP for advice on the study and comments on the draft report: David Baldock, Andrew Farmer and Kaley Hart. Andrew McConville organised the final study conference and compiled the summary report. Evelyn Underwood and Victoria Cherrier provided valuable assistance with the editing and production of this report. Lastly, we thank the Project Steering Committee at the European Commission and in particular the project Desk Officers Szilvia Bosze and Strahil Christov for their helpful guidance throughout the study. Contents LIST OF ACRONYMS ...........................................................................................................6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................7 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 16 1.1 Background and need for biodiversity proofing ........................................... 16 Target 2: By 2020, ecosystems and their services are maintained and enhanced by establishing green infrastructure and restoring at least 15% of degraded ecosystems. ......................................................................................................... 19 1.2 Study objectives, methods and outputs ....................................................... 20 1.2.1 Objectives ............................................................................................. 20 1.2.2 Scope and methods ............................................................................... 22 1.2.3 Study outputs ........................................................................................ 26 2 DEFINING ‘BIODIVERSITY PROOFING’ – A LITERATURE REVIEW ................................ 27 2.1 Towards a definition for biodiversity proofing ............................................. 27 2.2 What concepts and expected outcomes does the definition build on? ......... 27 2.3 What key elements does the definition reflect? ........................................... 31 2.3.1 Scale of funding .................................................................................... 32 2.3.2 Quality of funding ................................................................................. 33 2.3.3 Feedback from experts .......................................................................... 33 2.4 Conclusion .................................................................................................. 34 3 REVIEW OF KEY PRESSURES ON BIODIVERSITY RESULTING FROM EU POLICIES AND RELATED FUNDS ...................................................................................................... 36 3.1 Overview of sectoral pressures on biodiversity ............................................ 36 3.1.1 Pressures leading to biodiversity loss ..................................................... 36 3.2 Overview of the impacts of EU policies and funding instruments on biodiversity ................................................................................................. 40 4 BIODIVERSITY PROOFING OF FUNDING FICHES – LESSONS LEARNED FROM CLIMATE PROOFING TOOLS AND INITIATIVES .............................................................. - 47 - 4.1 Core components of climate proofing approaches ................................... - 47 - 4.2 Categories of key tools for climate proofing ............................................ - 48 - 4.3 Entry points in planning and implementation cycles ................................ - 49 - 4.4 Key tools for climate proofing – examples ............................................... - 50 - 4.5 Financing instruments and administrative capacities ............................... - 56 - 4.6 Applicability of tools for biodiversity proofing and their effectiveness ..... - 57 - 5 COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY ....................................................................... - 58 - 3 5.1 Introduction to the fund .......................................................................... - 58 - 5.2 Relevance for biodiversity ....................................................................... - 60 - 5.3 Overview of the policy cycle, including potential entry points and tools for biodiversity proofing ............................................................................... - 62 - 5.4 Best Frame of Actions ............................................................................. - 66 - 5.5 Challenges and information gaps ............................................................. - 67 - 5.6 Recommendations .................................................................................. - 67 - 6 COHESION POLICY ............................................................................................... - 69 - 6.1 Introduction to the fund .......................................................................... - 69 - 6.2 Relevance for biodiversity ....................................................................... - 71 - 6.3 Overview of the policy cycle, including potential entry points and tools for biodiversity proofing ............................................................................... - 73 - 6.4 Best Frame of Action ............................................................................... - 75 - 6.5 Recommendations .................................................................................. - 78 - 7 CONNECTING EUROPE FACILITY – ENERGY ........................................................... - 80 - 7.1 Introduction to the fund .......................................................................... - 80 - 7.2 Relevance for biodiversity ....................................................................... - 80 - 7.3 Overview of the policy cycle, including potential entry points and tools for biodiversity proofing ............................................................................... - 81 - 7.4 Best Frame of Actions ............................................................................. - 83 - 7.5 Challenges and information gaps ............................................................. - 84 - 7.6 Recommendations .................................................................................. - 84 - 8 CONNECTING EUROPE FACILITY – TRANSPORT ..................................................... - 86 - 8.1 Introduction to the fund .......................................................................... - 86 - 8.2 Relevance for biodiversity ....................................................................... - 88 - 8.3 Overview of the policy cycle, including potential entry points and tools for biodiversity proofing ............................................................................... - 89 - 8.4 Best Frame of Actions ............................................................................. - 92 - 8.5 Challenges and information gaps
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