DOCSLIB.ORG

Innovative Approaches Towards Achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Innovative Approaches Towards Achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal Report No.336 Charting Ireland’s Sustainable Future: Innovative Approaches towards Achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals for Enterprises Authors: Colm Gaskin, Ken Stockil, Niall Keely and Myles Kingston www.epa.ie ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Monitoring, Analysing and Reporting on the The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for Environment protecting and improving the environment as a valuable asset • Monitoring air quality and implementing the EU Clean Air for for the people of Ireland. We are committed to protecting people Europe (CAFÉ) Directive. and the environment from the harmful effects of radiation and • Independent reporting to inform decision making by national pollution. and local government (e.g. periodic reporting on the State of Ireland’s Environment and Indicator Reports). The work of the EPA can be divided into three main areas: Regulating Ireland’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions • Preparing Ireland’s greenhouse gas inventories and projections. Regulation: We implement effective regulation and environmental • Implementing the Emissions Trading Directive, for over 100 of compliance systems to deliver good environmental outcomes and the largest producers of carbon dioxide in Ireland. target those who don’t comply. Knowledge: We provide high quality, targeted and timely Environmental Research and Development environmental data, information and assessment to inform • Funding environmental research to identify pressures, inform decision making at all levels. policy and provide solutions in the areas of climate, water and sustainability. Advocacy: We work with others to advocate for a clean, productive and well protected environment and for sustainable Strategic Environmental Assessment environmental behaviour. • Assessing the impact of proposed plans and programmes on the Irish environment (e.g. major development plans). Our Responsibilities Radiological Protection Licensing • Monitoring radiation levels, assessing exposure of people in We regulate the following activities so that they do not endanger Ireland to ionising radiation. human health or harm the environment: • Assisting in developing national plans for emergencies arising • waste facilities (e.g. landfills, incinerators, waste transfer from nuclear accidents. stations); • Monitoring developments abroad relating to nuclear • large scale industrial activities (e.g. pharmaceutical, cement installations and radiological safety. manufacturing, power plants); • Providing, or overseeing the provision of, specialist radiation • intensive agriculture (e.g. pigs, poultry); protection services. • the contained use and controlled release of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs); Guidance, Accessible Information and Education • sources of ionising radiation (e.g. x-ray and radiotherapy • Providing advice and guidance to industry and the public on equipment, industrial sources); environmental and radiological protection topics. • large petrol storage facilities; • Providing timely and easily accessible environmental • waste water discharges; information to encourage public participation in environmental • dumping at sea activities. decision-making (e.g. My Local Environment, Radon Maps). • Advising Government on matters relating to radiological safety National Environmental Enforcement and emergency response. • Conducting an annual programme of audits and inspections of • Developing a National Hazardous Waste Management Plan to EPA licensed facilities. prevent and manage hazardous waste. • Overseeing local authorities’ environmental protection responsibilities. Awareness Raising and Behavioural Change • Supervising the supply of drinking water by public water • Generating greater environmental awareness and influencing suppliers. positive behavioural change by supporting businesses, • Working with local authorities and other agencies to tackle communities and householders to become more resource environmental crime by co-ordinating a national enforcement efficient. network, targeting offenders and overseeing remediation. • Promoting radon testing in homes and workplaces and • Enforcing Regulations such as Waste Electrical and Electronic encouraging remediation where necessary. Equipment (WEEE), Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) and substances that deplete the ozone layer. Management and structure of the EPA • Prosecuting those who flout environmental law and damage the The EPA is managed by a full time Board, consisting of a Director environment. General and five Directors. The work is carried out across five Offices: Water Management • Office of Environmental Sustainability • Monitoring and reporting on the quality of rivers, lakes, • Office of Environmental Enforcement transitional and coastal waters of Ireland and groundwaters; • Office of Evidence and Assessment measuring water levels and river flows. • Office of Radiation Protection and Environmental Monitoring • National coordination and oversight of the Water Framework • Office of Communications and Corporate Services Directive. The EPA is assisted by an Advisory Committee of twelve members • Monitoring and reporting on Bathing Water Quality. who meet regularly to discuss issues of concern and provide advice to the Board. EPA RESEARCH PROGRAMME 2014–2020 Charting Ireland’s Sustainable Future: Innovative Approaches towards Achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals for Enterprises (2017-SE-MS-8) EPA Research Report Prepared for the Environmental Protection Agency by Central Solutions Ltd Authors: Colm Gaskin, Ken Stockil, Niall Keely and Myles Kingston ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY An Ghníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil PO Box 3000, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland Telephone: +353 53 916 0600 Fax: +353 53 916 0699 Email: [email protected] Website: www.epa.ie © Environmental Protection Agency 2020 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report is published as part of the EPA Research Programme 2014–2020. The EPA Research Programme is a Government of Ireland initiative funded by the Department of Communications, Climate Action and Environment. It is administered by the Environmental Protection Agency, which has the statutory function of co-ordinating and promoting environmental research. The authors would like to acknowledge the members of the project steering committee, namely Brendan Wall (EPA), Jean Clarke (Department of Communications, Climate Action and Environment), Dr Damien Ó Tuama (Independent Mobilities Researcher and Consultant), Dr Dorothy Stewart (EPA) and Dr Cecilia Hegarty (Project Manager on behalf of the EPA). DISCLAIMER Although every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the material contained in this publication, complete accuracy cannot be guaranteed. The Environmental Protection Agency, the authors and the steering committee members do not accept any responsibility whatsoever for loss or damage occasioned, or claimed to have been occasioned, in part or in full, as a consequence of any person acting, or refraining from acting, as a result of a matter contained in this publication. All or part of this publication may be reproduced without further permission, provided the source is acknowledged. This report is based on research carried out/data from 1 April 2018 to 30 August 2019. More recent data may have become available since the research was completed. The EPA Research Programme addresses the need for research in Ireland to inform policymakers and other stakeholders on a range of questions in relation to environmental protection. These reports are intended as contributions to the necessary debate on the protection of the environment. EPA RESEARCH PROGRAMME 2014–2020 Published by the Environmental Protection Agency, Ireland ISBN: 978-1-84095-931-4 August 2020 Price: Free Online version ii Project Partners Colm Gaskin Myles Kingston Central Solutions Ltd Central Solutions Ltd National Technology Park National Technology Park Limerick Limerick Ireland Ireland Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Ken Stockil Dr Niall Keely Central Solutions Ltd Central Solutions Ltd National Technology Park National Technology Park Limerick Limerick Ireland Ireland Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] iii Contents Acknowledgements ii Disclaimer ii Project Partners iii List of Figures vii List of Tables viii List of Boxes ix Executive Summary xi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 2 1.2 Global Challenges to Meeting SDGs 3 2 Review of the National Sustainability Landscape 7 2.1 Sustainability in Ireland 7 2.2 Sustainability Support for Enterprise 10 2.3 Emerging Themes from the Review of the National Sustainability Landscape 19 3 Review of the International Sustainability Landscape 26 3.1 Introduction 26 3.2 Review of the International Landscape 27 3.3 Case Studies 33 3.4 SDG Support Tools for Enterprises 38 3.5 Emerging Themes from International Best Practice 39 4 Stakeholder Consultations 41 4.1 Methodology 41 4.2 Summary of the Stakeholder Consultations 42 5 Recommendations 46 5.1 Recommendation 1: Promote SDG Education and Awareness 46 5.2 Recommendation 2: Develop a Structure of Supports for SDG Adoption in the Private Sector 46 5.3 Recommendation 3: Introduce Standards and Benchmarking for Irish Enterprises 47 v Innovative Approaches towards Achieving the United Nations SDGs for Enterprises 5.4 Recommendation 4: Measure the Impact of Agency Supports on the Environmental SDGs 48 5.5 Recommendation 5: Conduct Further Research 49 References
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Biodiversity Plan
    Biodiversity plan December 2019 Introduction Biodiversity Biodiversity is the variety of life on earth, encompassing vast varieties of plants and animals. We are an essential part of the biodiversity of our planet and play a key role in enhancing the prosperity of its species and habitats. Conversely, our environment has an important influence on us, and is critical for our survival. Biodiversity provides us with food, fuel, fibres, medicines, whilst also helping to improve the quality of our water, the air we breathe and the land we live on. Biodiversity helps to regulate air quality, climate, flooding, erosion and pollination. Biodiversity is also a key element of our culture, providing a better living environment with benefits to health and wellbeing, and for many people it is simply something to enjoy. Companies House understands that whatever the size of your site, and wherever the site is located, there are always opportunities to enhance biodiversity in keeping with surroundings. Section 6 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Resilience duty to the Environment (Wales) Act 2016 The Environment (Wales) Act was introduced in March 2016, which is a statutory duty that Companies House must comply with. Part 1 of the Act sets out Wales’ approach to planning and managing natural resources at a national, regional and local level. Section 6 of Part 1 places a duty on Companies House to: • Maintain and enhance biodiversity so far as it is consistent with the proper exercise of those functions; and • Promote the resilience of ecosystems. To assist in implementing the duty, Companies House is required to publish a plan on how it intends to comply with the above and to report on progress.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change Under NEPA: Avoiding Cursory Consideration of Greenhouse Gases
    University of Florida Levin College of Law UF Law Scholarship Repository UF Law Faculty Publications Faculty Scholarship 2010 Climate Change Under NEPA: Avoiding Cursory Consideration of Greenhouse Gases Amy L. Stein University of Florida Levin College of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.ufl.edu/facultypub Part of the Environmental Law Commons Recommended Citation Amy L. Stein, Climate Change Under NEPA: Avoiding Cursory Consideration of Greenhouse Gases, 81 U. Colo. L. Rev. 473 (2010), available at http://scholarship.law.ufl.edu/facultypub/503 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at UF Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in UF Law Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UF Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CLIMATE CHANGE UNDER NEPA: AVOIDING CURSORY CONSIDERATION OF GREENHOUSE GASES AMY L. STEIN* Neither the National Environmental Policy Act ("NEPA') nor its implementing regulations require consideration of climate change in NEPA documentation. Yet an ever- growing body of NEPA case law related to climate change is making it increasingly difficult for a federal agency to avoid discussing the impacts of those emissions under NEPA in its Environmental Impact Statements ("EISs'). Although consideration of climate change in NEPA docu- ments sounds right in theory, within the current legal framework, the NEPA documents provide only lip service to the goals of NEPA without any meaningful consideration of climate change. An empirical evaluation of two years of se- lected EISs demonstrates that the degree of "consideration" is far from meaningful, an outcome that fails to reflect the purposes behind NEPA.
    [Show full text]
  • Commitment to Sustainability Management
    Appendix Commitment to Sustainability Management Commitment to Sustainability Management The Ten Principles of the UN Global Compact In 2007, SK innovation joined the UNGC, the global sustainability management initiative. Since then, the company has supported the ten principles in four major sectors, including human rights, labor, environment and anti-corruption, and strictly complied with these principles by preparing a relevant system such as the policy on safety, health and environment(SHE) and es- tablishing a code of ethics. Classification Policies and activities by SK innovation Businesses should support and respect the protection of Principle 1 internationally proclaimed human rights. Make sure that they are not complicit in human rights Human Principle 2 Based on the philosophy of “human-centered management,” SK innovation strives abuses. Rights to commit no violation of human rights in business activities. We also recruit Businesses should uphold the freedom of association employees in a fair and reasonable manner and guarantee equal opportunities Principle 3 and the effective recognition of the right to collective by considering employees’ qualifications and person-job fit. Furthermore, the bargaining. company acknowledges the freedom of association and collective bargaining rights Principle 4 The elimination of all forms of forced and compulsory labor. and has regular communications to proactively collect and improve any grievance from employees. Principle 5 The effective abolition of child labour. Labour The elimination of discrimination in respect of Principle 6 employment and occupation. Businesses should support a precautionary approach to Principle 7 SK innovation selects environmental management as its core task and establishes environmental challenges. and complies with its independent environmental standard, which has higher Undertake initiatives to promote greater environmental standards than government requirements.
    [Show full text]
  • BACKGROUND STUDY TOWARDS BIODIVERSITY PROOFING of the EU BUDGET Final Report 07.0307/2011/605689/ETU/B2 21St December 2012
    BACKGROUND STUDY TOWARDS BIODIVERSITY PROOFING OF THE EU BUDGET Final Report 07.0307/2011/605689/ETU/B2 21st December 2012 by The Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP) In collaboration with Transport and Environmental Policy Research Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP) London office: 15 Queen Anne’s Gate London SW1H 9BU, UK United Kingdom Brussels Office: Quai au Foin, 55 Hooikaai 55 1000 Brussels Belgium Contact person: Graham Tucker 15 Queen Anne’s Gate London SW1H 9BU, UK United Kingdom Email: [email protected] The Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP) is an independent, not for profit institute dedicated to advancing an environmentally sustainable Europe through policy analysis, development and dissemination. Based in London and Brussels, the Institute’s main focus of research is on the development, implementation and evaluation of EU policies of environmental significance, including agriculture, biodiversity, climate and energy, fisheries, industrial policy, regional development, transport, waste and water. See www.ieep.e for further details Authorship The recommended citation for this report is: IEEP, GHK and TEPR (2012) Background Study Towards Biodiversity Proofing of the EU Budget. Report to the European Commission. Institute for European Environmental Policy, London. Authors in alphabetical order: IEEP: Catherine Bowyer, Jane Desbarats, Sonja Gantioler, Peter Herp, Marianne Kettunen, Keti Medarova-Bergstrom, Stephanie Newman, Jana Poláková, Graham Tucker and Axel Volkery. Transport and Environmental Policy Research: Ian Skinner GHK: Matt Rayment Disclaimer The authors have full responsibility for the content of this report, and the conclusions, recommendations and opinions presented in this report reflect those of the consultants, and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the Commission.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Opportunities for Promoting Synergies Between Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in Forest Carbon Initiatives
    Article Exploring Opportunities for Promoting Synergies between Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in Forest Carbon Initiatives Eugene L. Chia 1,*,†, Kalame Fobissie 2 and Markku Kanninen 2 Received: 25 August 2015; Accepted: 1 December 2015; Published: 15 January 2016 Academic Editor: Mark E. Harmon 1 C/o CIFOR P.O. Box 2008, Messa, Yaoundé 237, Cameroon 2 Viikki Tropical Resources Institute, Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, P.O. Box 27, Helsinki 00014, Finland; fobissie.kalame@helsinki.fi (K.F.); markku.kanninen@helsinki.fi (M.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +237-678-057-925; Fax: +237-222-227-450 † Independent Consultant. Abstract: There is growing interest in designing and implementing climate change mitigation and adaptation (M + A) in synergy in the forest and land use sectors. However, there is limited knowledge on how the planning and promotion of synergies between M + A can be operationalized in the current efforts to mitigate climate change through forest carbon. This paper contributes to fill this knowledge gap by exploring ways of planning and promoting M + A synergy outcomes in forest carbon initiatives. It examines eight guidelines that are widely used in designing and implementing forest carbon initiatives. Four guiding principles with a number of criteria that are relevant for planning synergy outcomes in forest carbon activities are proposed. The guidelines for developing forest carbon initiatives need to demonstrate that (1) the health of forest ecosystems is maintained or enhanced; (2) the adaptive capacity of forest-dependent communities is ensured; (3) carbon and adaptation benefits are monitored and verified; and (4) adaptation outcomes are anticipated and planned in forest carbon initiatives.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Issues Associated with New Reactors
    COMBINED LICENSE AND EARLY SITE PERMIT COL/ESP-ISG-026 Environmental Issues Associated with New Reactors Interim Staff Guidance August 20132014 (For Use and CommentFinal) ML14092A402ML12326A742 – August 20134 Interim Staff Guidance on Environmental Issues Associated with New Reactors COL/ESP-ISG-026 Issuance Status For Use and CommentFinal Purpose The purpose of this Interim Staff Guidance (ISG) is to clarify the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) guidance and application of NUREG-1555, “Standard Review Plans for Environmental Reviews for Nuclear Power Plants,” (NRC 2000) regarding the assessment of construction impacts, greenhouse gas and climate change, socioeconomics, environmental justice, need for power, alternatives, cumulative impacts, and cultural/historical resources as part of the preparation of Environmental Impact Statements (EIS) for early site permit (ESP) and combined license (COL) applications. Background The existing NRC environmental guidance to the staff, is NUREG-1555, “Standard Review Plans for Environmental Reviews for Nuclear Power Plants: Environmental Standard Review Plan” (NRC 2000), including the 2007 draft revisions to selected sections of NUREG-1555. While preparing the environmental impact statements (EISs) for the first group of combined license (COL) applications, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC or Commission) staff identified a number of issues that necessitated changes to staff guidance. As a result, the Director of the Division of Site and Environmental Reviews issued a memorandum dated March 4, 2011, to the staff providing guidance on how to analyze these issues in the EISs (Agencywide Documents Access and Management System (ADAMS) Accession No. ML110380369 (NRC 2011). The staff is incorporating this guidance into an Interim Staff Guidance (ISG) until NUREG-1555 is updated.
    [Show full text]
  • Green Dragon Environmental Standard ® © Groundwork Wales, 2018
    Green Dragon Environmental Standard ® © Groundwork Wales, 2018 Document Reference: 9.33 Green Dragon Environmental Standard 2016 Version No: 7 Page 1 of 38 Authorised by: Jake Griffiths Date of Issue: 16/07/2018 Green Dragon Environmental Standard ® © Groundwork Wales, 2018 CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION & GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................... 3 KEY PRINCIPLES .......................................................................................................................... 5 LEVEL 1 - COMMITMENT TO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT .............................................. 7 LEVEL 2 - UNDERSTANDING ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITIES ......................................... 12 LEVEL 3 - MANAGING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ................................................................. 15 LEVEL 4 - ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME ................................................... 21 LEVEL 5 - CONTINUAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT ...................................................... 25 APPENDIX 1: LINKS WITH OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS .......................................... 29 © Groundwork Wales 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system without prior permission from Groundwork Wales. Green Dragon Environmental Standard® Safon Amgylcheddol Y Ddraig Werdd® ® ® The ‘Green Dragon Environmental Standard’ name
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Development As a Framework for National Governance
    Case Western Reserve Law Review Volume 49 Issue 1 Article 3 1998 Sustainable Development as a Framework for National Governance John C. Dernbach Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/caselrev Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation John C. Dernbach, Sustainable Development as a Framework for National Governance, 49 Case W. Rsrv. L. Rev. 1 (1998) Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/caselrev/vol49/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Journals at Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Case Western Reserve Law Review by an authorized administrator of Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. CASE WESTERN RESERVE LAW REVIEW VOLUME49 FALL1998 NUMBER 1 ARTICLES SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AS A FRAMEWORK FOR NATIONAL GOVERNANCE John C. Dernbacht INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 3 I. SUSTAINABILrrY AND NATIONAL GOVERNANCE ...................... 8 A. Old Model: Development .................................................. 9 B. Failure: Environmental Degradation and Poverty ........... 14 C. New Model: Sustainable Development ............................ 17 1. Stockholm and After .................................................... 17 2. Rio and After ................................................................ 21 D. Purposes of Sustainable Development ............................ 24 1. Environmental and Development
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Report 2019
    Environmental Report 2019 —Toward the Toyota Environmental Challenge 2050— Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2019 Editorial Policy Contents Overview Highlights Environmental Challenges Six Challenges Toyota Earth Charter Environmental Data Message from the Head of the Company Sixth Toyota Environmental Action Plan Environmental Management Third Party Assurance Report Editorial Policy Contents Overview of Toyota Motor Corporation Highlights Message from the Head of the Company Environmental Report 2019 —Toward the Toyota Environmental Challenge 2050— Editorial Policy Annual Report https://global.toyota/en/ir/library/annual/ Toyota Motor Corporation considers environmental issues to be one of its management priorities. Since 1998, we have published an Securities Reports (Japanese text only) annual Environmental Report to explain our environmental initiatives. https://global.toyota/jp/ir/library/securities-report/ Sustainability Data Book 2019 From FY2017, the content of the report is presented in conformance https://global.toyota/en/sustainability/report/sdb/ with the six challenges defined under our long-term initiative, the U.S. SEC Filings https://global.toyota/en/ir/library/sec/ Toyota Environmental Challenge 2050. The Environmental Report is a specialized publication excerpted Environmental Report 2019 Financial Results –Toward the Toyota Environmental Challenge 2050– from the Sustainability Data Book. It covers only our environmental https://global.toyota/en/ir/financial-results/ https://global.toyota/en/sustainability/report/er/ initiatives. For information on Toyota’s CSR management and initiatives, please refer to our Sustainability Data Book 2019. Corporate Governance Reports https://global.toyota/en/ir/library/corporate-governance/ We have also published the Annual Report, in which Toyota shares with our stakeholders the ways in which Toyota’s business is contributing to the sustainable development of society and the Earth ◦ The Toyota website also provides information on corporate initiatives not included in the above reports.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Contract Playbook Edition 3
    Climate Contract Playbook Edition 3 September 2020 [www.chancerylaneproject.org] 2 Hogan Lovells Climate Contract Playbook Edition 3 3 Contents Introduction 5 The Journey Updated 7 Legal Philanthropy 8 Disclaimer 9 Precedent Clauses 10 Commercial Contracts: General [Hanley’s Clause] Climate Change Aligned Heads of Terms 11 [Kaia’s Clause] Climate Purposed NDA Terms 13 Commercial Contracts: Supply Agreements [Agatha’s Clause] Termination for Greener Supplier 17 [Annie’s Clause] Carbon Termination (short form) 20 [Teddy’s Clause] Environmental Threshold Obligations 22 [Jessica’s Clause] Carbon Performance Clauses 24 [Owen’s Clause] Net Zero Supply Chain Cascade 29 [Zoë and Bea’s Clause] Green Supply Agreement Clauses 33 [Iris’ Clause] Climate Risk Sharing Provisions 37 [Alex’s Clause] Circular Economy product design obligation NEW 42 [Zain’s Clause] Carbon Change Rights NEW 48 [Alice’s Clause] Reduction of CO2 from Single Use Plastic NEW 51 [Austen’s Clause] Sustainability Clauses in Supply Chain Contracts NEW 55 [Maria’s Scorecard] Supply chain emissions scorecard NEW 61 Corporate: General [Arlo’s Clause] Paris Compliant Company Objects 67 [Chloe’s Clause] Environmental Business Charter 69 [Darcy’s Minutes] Climate Change Aligned Board Minutes 71 Corporate: Investment / M&A [Frank’s Clause] Green Investment Obligations 74 [Bella’s Clause] Climate Equity Ratchet 77 [Lauren’s Clause] Green Shareholders Agreement] 82 [Lola & Harry’s DDQ] Climate and Net Zero Due Diligence 89 [Nozomi’s Clause] Net Zero Convertible Loan Note 95 [Zack’s Clause]
    [Show full text]
  • Offshoring Pollution While Offshoring Production?
    Strategic Management Journal Strat. Mgmt. J., 38: 2310–2329 (2017) Published online EarlyView 3 May 2017 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 10.1002/smj.2656 Received 27 October 2015; Final revision received 6 March 2017 Offshoring Pollution while Offshoring Production? Xiaoyang Li1 and Yue M. Zhou2* 1 Shanghai Advanced Institute of Finance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China 2 Department of Strategy, Stephen M. Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Research summary: We examine the role of firm strategy in the global effort to combat pollution. We find that U.S. plants release less toxic emissions when their parent firm imports morefrom low-wage countries (LWCs). Consistent with the Pollution Haven Hypothesis, goods imported by U.S. firms from LWCs are in more pollution-intensive industries. U.S. plants shift production to less pollution-intensive industries, produce less waste, and spend less on pollution abatement when their parent imports more from LWCs. The negative impact of LWC imports on emissions is stronger for U.S. plants located in counties with greater institutional pressure for environmental performance, but weaker for more-capable U.S. plants and firms. These results highlight the role of local institutions and firm capability in explaining firms’ offshoring and environmental strategies. Managerial summary: Using confidential trade, production, and pollution data of more than 8,000 firms and 18,000 plants from the U.S. Census Bureau for years 1992–2009, we find that U.S.plants release less toxic emissions when their parent firm imports more from low-wage countries (LWCs).
    [Show full text]
  • Global Green Standards
    Global Green Standards ISO 14000 and Sustainable Development INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR SU S TA I NA B L E DE V E L O P M E N T IN S T I T U T IN T E R NAT I O NA L D U DÉ V E L O P P E M E N T DU R A B L E Global Green Standards: ISO 14000 and Sustainable Development INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR SU S TA I NA B L E DE V E L O P M E N T IN S T I T U T IN T E R NAT I O NA L D U DÉ V E L O P P E M E N T DU R A B L E G L O B A L G R E E N S T A N D A R D S : Copyright © The International Institute for Sustainable Development 1996 All rights reserved Printed in Canada Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Main entry under title: Global green standards: ISO 14000 and sustainable development Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 1-895536-05-7 1. ISO 14000 Series Standards. 2. Environmental protection - Standards. 3. Sustainable development. I. International Institute for Sustainable Development. TS155.7.G46 1996 658.4'08 C96-920166-4 This publication is printed on recycled paper. International Institute for Sustainable Development 161 Portage Avenue East - 6th Floor Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 0Y4 Core support for IISD’s research activities is provided by the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), Environment Canada, and the Government of Manitoba.
    [Show full text]