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Jewish Coalition for Religious Liberty Amicus Brief In NO. 20-0127 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF TEXAS IN RE DIOCESE OF LUBBOCK, Relator AMICUS BRIEF OF JEWISH COALITION FOR RELIGIOUS LIBERTY Ryan Paulsen Texas Bar No. 24060397 [email protected] Ryan N. Gardner Texas Bar No. 24101790 [email protected] HAYNES AND BOONE, LLP 2323 Victory Avenue, Suite 700 Dallas, Texas 75219 214.651.5000 (phone) 214.651.5940 (fax) Counsel for Amicus Curiae Jewish Coalition for Religious Liberty TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................... i TABLE OF AUTHORITIES .................................................................................... ii INTEREST OF AMICUS CURIAE ..........................................................................1 SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT .................................................................................2 ARGUMENT AND AUTHORITIES ........................................................................4 I. Communications from synagogues and Jewish religious leaders regarding Jewish law must be protected. ......................................................... 4 II. The lower court’s holding violates both Religion Clauses and is especially harmful to Jews. ............................................................................10 A. The Establishment Clause’s prohibition on courts resolving religious or theological questions protects Judaism. ...............................................................................................10 B. The Free Exercise Clause protects more than the cramped view of public religious activity envisioned by the lower court. ....................................................................................................16 CONCLUSION AND PRAYER .............................................................................22 CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE .......................................................................24 CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE ................................................................................25 i TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Page(s) CASES Ben-Levi v. Brown 136 S. Ct. 930 (2016) .......................................................................................... 11 C.L. Westbrook, Jr. v. Penley, 231 S.W.3d 389 (Tex. 2007) .......................................................................passim City of Boerne v. Flores, 521 U.S. 507 (1997) ............................................................................................ 17 East Texas Baptist Univ. v. Burwell, 793 F.3d 449 (5th Cir. April 7, 2015) ................................................................. 12 Employment Div., Dept. of Human Res. of Oregon v. Smith, 494 U.S. 872 (1990) ............................................................................................ 21 Everson v. Bd. of Ed. of Ewing Tp., 330 U.S. 1 (1947) ................................................................................................ 11 Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. E.E.O.C., 565 U.S. 171 (2012) ............................................................................................ 15 In re Diocese of Lubbock, 07-19-00307-CV, 2019 WL 6693765 (Tex. App.—Amarillo Dec. 6, 2019) ..................................................................................................... 8, 10, 16 Katz v. Singerman, 127 So. 2d 515 (La. 1961) .................................................................................. 14 Kedroff v. Saint Nicholas Cathedral of Russian Orthodox Church in North America, 344 U.S. 94 (1952) ........................................................................................ 10, 16 Pleasant Glade Assembly of God v. Schubert, 264 S.W.3d 1 (Tex. 2008)............................................................................. 3, 5, 9 ii Serbian E. Orthodox Diocese for U. S. of Am. & Canada v. Milivojevich, 426 U.S. 696 (1976) .......................................................................................... 4, 9 Simpson v. Wells Lamont Corp., 494 F.2d 490 (5th Cir. 1974) ................................................................................ 5 Thomas v. Review Board, 450 U.S. 707 (1981) ............................................................................................ 21 Tilton v. Marshall, 925 S.W.2d 672 (Tex. 1996) ................................................................................ 2 Watson v. Jones, 80 U.S. 679 (1871) ...................................................................................... 2, 4, 10 Wisconsin v. Yoder, 406 U.S. 205 (1972) ............................................................................................ 18 Wolf v. Rose Hill Cemetery Ass’n, 914 P.2d 468 (Colo. App. 1995) ......................................................................... 15 STATUTES AND RULES TEX. R. APP. P. 11(c) .................................................................................................. 1 OTHER AUTHORITIES Joseph Berger, The Water’s Fine, but Is It Kosher?, THE NEW YORK TIMES (Nov. 7, 2004).................................................................. 6 Dov Bloom, What Is Kilayim? CHABAD.ORG ....................................................................................................... 19 Moshe Bogomilsky, Questions and Answers on Publicizing the Chanukah Miracle CHABAD.ORG. ...................................................................................................... 20 Aryeh Citron, Minyan: The Prayer Quorum CHABAD.ORG ................................................................................................. 11, 20 Sue Fishkoff, Conservatives taking kashrut challenge up a notch, JEWISH TELEGRAPHIC AGENCY (April 11, 2011) ................................................ 13 iii Tzvi Freeman and Yehuda Shurpin, Moneylending and Jewish Law, CHABAD.ORG ....................................................................................................... 20 Richard Greenberg, Treif Meat Found At Washington DC JCC Cafe; Vaad Shuts Down Store, THE YESHIVA WORLD (Sept. 2, 2009) .......................... 7 Rabbi Yair Hoffman, Fraud in Tzedakah and What to do About it, THE YESHIVA WORLD (Sept. 22, 2016) ................................................................. 8 Agudath Israel of Cleveland, New Vaad Hatzedakos Cleveland, LOCAL JEWISH NEWS (July 22, 2017) ................................................................ 8, 9 Joseph Karo, Code of Jewish Law 143:1 ................................................................. 11 Rabbi Moshe Chaim Luzzato, Derech Ha-Shem §§ 1:2:1–5 .................................. 18 J. MADISON, Memorial and Remonstrance Against Religious Assessments, 2 THE WRITINGS OF JAMES MADISON 183 (G. Hunt ed. 1901) ..................................................................................................................... 4 Michael W. McConnell, The Origins and Historical Understanding of Free Exercise of Religion, 103 Harv. L. Rev. 1409 (1990) ........................................................................... 17 Stephen F. Rosenthal, Food for Thought: Kosher Fraud Laws and the Religion Clauses of the First Amendment, 65 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 951 (1997) ..................................................................... 15 Shayna M. Sigman, Kosher Without Law: The Role of Nonlegal Sanctions in Overcoming Fraud Within the Kosher Food Industry, 31 Fla. St. U.L. Rev. 509 (2004) .......................................................................... 7 Jeffrey Spitzer, Kitniyot: Not Quite Hametz, MY JEWISH LEARNING ......................................................................................... 13 Jeffrey Spitzer, Pe’ah: The Corners of Our Fields, MY JEWISH LEARNING ......................................................................................... 19 2015 Resolution: RCA Policy Concerning Women Rabbis, RABBINICAL COUNSEL OF AMERICA (Oct. 31, 2015) .......................................... 14 A Guide to Purchasing Chometz After Pesach, STAR-K (Spring 2015) .................... 5 iv Bulletin of the Vaad Harabanim of Greater Washington: Pesach 2019, THE VAAD HARABANIM OF GREATER WASHINGTON (2019) ....................... 5 Chometz after Pesach, YOUNG ISRAEL SHOMRAI EMUNAH OF GREATER WASHINGTON (April 29, 2011) ............................................................................. 6 Conservative Judaism, BBC (July 24, 2009) ........................................................... 13 Directory of Kosher Certifying Agencies, CHICAGO RABBINICAL COUNCIL .......................................................................... 13 Driving to Synagogue on Shabbat, AISH.COM .......................................................... 13 Exodus 35:3 .............................................................................................................. 12 Isaiah 42:6 ................................................................................................................ 20 Orthodox Union Staff, Parshat Zachor: Remember Amalek, ORTHODOX UNION (Feb. 26, 2014) ..................................................................... 20 Orthodox Union Staff, Shemitah and Yovel Sabbatical and Jubilee Years, ORTHODOX UNION (Feb. 7, 2014) ............................................................ 19 Rabbis stir salmon row, Y NET NEWS (Mar. 11, 2010) ............................................. 6 Talmud, Makkot 23b ...............................................................................................
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