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Pertanika J. Soc. Sci. & Hum. 21 (S): 109 - 122 (2013)

SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES

Journal homepage: http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/

Phenomenon of Behaviour Among Youth in Kuala Lumpur: A Case Study

Mohd Roslan Rosnon*, Mohamad Naqiuddin Dahamat Azam and Mohd Najmi Daud Faculty of Human Ecology, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

ABSTRACT Understanding the complex lives of transsexual groups is essential in order to resolve this issue in a more intellectual, systematic and effective manner. Thus, this case study was aimed at knowing more about male-to- , especially among youth, by studying their as well as how far a sense of femininity is felt by them. Eight transsexual women were the informants recruited for this study based on snowball sampling technique. Each informant had completed a semi-structured interview at least twice. The basis of the interview was the principle of saturation in which the informants had been interviewed until no new ideas were emerging. The interview was audio-taped, transcribed verbatim and checked for content based on thematic analysis technique. The findings revealed two important themes from the narrative of the informants, namely, their identification and sexual orientation. In terms of gender identification, it was found that all the informants identified themselves according to feminine features although the features did not match their own physical features. Meanwhile, in terms of sexual orientation, the results showed that this group of transsexuals preferred to engage in sexual activities. For them, sexual satisfaction was only achievable by engaging in such sexual activities because of their sexual instinct, which was similar to that of women. One implication of this feature would be a potential rise in social problems. Thus, all parties should cooperate to combat this issue aggressively and effectively.

Keywords: Transsexual behaviour, transsexual, youth, Kuala Lumpur

INTRODUCTION ARTICLE INFO Article history: Due to the evolution and advancement Received: 21 May 2012 Accepted: 18 January 2013 of various aspects of life as well as the E-mail address: challenges of globalisation that continue [email protected] (Mohd Roslan Rosnon) * Corresponding author to advance, the tendency of some youth

ISSN: 0128-7702 © Universiti Putra Malaysia Press Mohd Roslan Rosnon, Mohamad Naqiuddin Dahamat Azam and Mohd Najmi Daud in getting caught up in comfort zones has There is a lot of opposition from various caused them to be pulled into self-inflicted quarters on on-going claims made ​​by damage and downfall, leading to their the LGBT group that they were creating getting trapped in perturbing social maladies an environment of sexual freedom in such as drug addiction, alcoholism and this country and that they felt that their hedonism that prevent them from taking action was proper and not against the law. up the responsibilities that await them. In However, in multicultural Malaysia, this more extreme situations, they engage in acts issue is strictly contrary to the values, of crime. Statistics by the Social Welfare morals and culture; furthermore, this does Department of Malaysia show that a total of not only involve Malaysian culture but other 4407 youth aged between 16 and 21 years eastern cultures as well. Clearly, this is an were involved in several types of crime such important issue that needs further and deeper as drug possession, vandalism, gangsterism, analysis in order to provide an adequate rape and others (Social Welfare Department overview and explanation of this social of Malaysia, 2012a). However, the number problem. Hence, this study focusses on one of cases in 2011 showed some increase component of LGBT i.e. the or from the year before with 745 cases (Social transsexual. Welfare Department of Malaysia, 2012b). Essentially, activity among male youth Recently, the phenomenon of alternative transsexuals is known and judged from sexual behaviour, orientation and lifestyle various angles. Some of these are based on the termed , , bisexual and transgender characteristics portrayed by the male youth (LGBT) behaviour has become increasingly transsexuals, such as their self-image, the visible among Malaysian youth, raising way they dress, behaviour that is conflicting serious issues related to religion, morality to their gender as well as the way they think, and ethics. The promotion of the LGBT which is inconsistent with the cognitive community through the Seksualiti Merdeka development of a male (Nevid, Rathus & (Sexuality Independence) programme Green, 2008). In Malaysia, men involved in in 2012 became the talk of the town and transsexual activities are popularly referred a hot topic in the newspapers and other to as transsexuals or ‘Mak Nyah’1. Viewed mass media. The National Fatwa Council, through the lens of Malaysian culture, the a prominent Islamic council in Malaysia, activities by these transsexuals are labelled banned the LGBT community and Seksualiti an unhealthy and improper phenomenon in Merdeka programme and declared those Malaysia as they go against the norms of the organisations as illicit (e-Fatwa, 2012), local communities (Teh, 2001). Similarly, while several non-government organisations religious figures and groups view them (NGOs) and a Member of Parliament as acts of sin that violate religious codes suggested that the government categorise 1Mak Nyah: who has undergone surgery to remove his genital organs or has undergone a - the LGBT activities as illegal in Malaysia change procedure; How transsexuals in Malaysia (Utusan, 2012). address themselves

110 Pertanika J. Soc. Sci. & Hum. 21 (S): 109 - 122 (2013) Phenomenon of Transsexual Behaviour Among Youth in Kuala Lumpur: A Case Study of conduct. However, for most Western personality and character of an individual. societies, the concept and activities of Society considers such a moral crisis a transsexuals are acceptable and tolerable. major setback as morals are the core and The clash between the two cultures with foundation of a human civilization (Mat regards to LBGT behaviour has caused a Saat Baki, 1993). The rise and downfall major impact in judging and determining of a society depends on the morals and whether these transsexual activities conform conduct of its people. Duly, society today to convention or otherwise (Abdul Aziz, does realise the need to resolve this crisis 2002) within the Malaysian context. of transsexual behaviour among male youth In Malaysia, transsexual behaviour or ‘Mak Nyah’. These youth should not be exhibited by male youths received treated like a disregarded minority as they much attention in the early years that are unable to solve the problem themselves. such behaviour became apparent among If the problem is left unresolved, it will give Malaysian youth. It grew into a more rise to a greater moral crisis. serious issue when a significant number of The experience of transsexual transsexuals began to be notice in higher- tendencies within the male population is learning institutes across Malaysia (Suriati, often described in this way: “A ’s Jabil & Azilah, 2011; Rohana & Zulkifli, mind trapped in a man’s body” (Abdul Aziz, 2001). Extensive coverage and serious 2002; Aminuddin & Johan, 2002; Rohana attention given by various parties have & Zulkifli, 2001; Azam Beruntung, 2001; exposed transsexuals, particularly those Ahmad Amin, 1995; Wan Azmi, 1991; Wan in higher learning institutes, to various Halim, 1987). The expression, ‘a woman’s negative implications. They have repeatedly mind trapped in a man’s body’ implies received negative reactions whether through that transsexuals or Mak Nyah possess the gesture or word by other students who identity, feelings and sexual behaviour of a consider them the cause of various problems, woman. This assumption to some extent has particularly moral issues (Abdul Aziz, caused some uneasiness in the community, 2002). Moreover, these transsexuals are also resulting in feelings of prejudice against pressured by the university authorities with Mak Nyah, and the resulting ill effect is rules and regulations that limit their freedom discrimination against transsexuals, both to express themselves. One of the rules that from the authorities and members of society limit their freedom is the dress code or the itself (Azam Beruntung, 2001). The dilemma freedom to dress on campus (Aminuddin & of transsexuals or any other problems that Johan, 2002). they may face are often ridiculed and According to Aminuddin and Johan made light of; similarly their feelings are (2002), on the issue of transsexuals among toyed with (Mat Saat Baki, 1993). No one male youth, society sees the phenomenon wants to understand or believe what they as a moral setback, as it involves the are experiencing, as if what they were

Pertanika J. Soc. Sci. & Hum. 21 (S): 109 - 122 (2013) 111 Mohd Roslan Rosnon, Mohamad Naqiuddin Dahamat Azam and Mohd Najmi Daud experiencing was all fantasy (Wan Azmi, refers to someone who is known to suffer 1991). Society considers this minority group from psychological gender disorders and ‘immoral’ as the behaviour of individuals practices the lifestyle of the opposite sex in the group are deemed inappropriate by after undergoing surgery or hormonal and often upset the majority (Aminuddin & therapy to attain the desired physical Johan, 2002). appearance by having their external sex Hence, the attempt to understand the organs changed (Online Medical Dictionary, minority group of transsexuals is appropriate 2008). Even though transsexual and so that future approaches to resolve this transgender as phenomena are sometimes issue can be more intellectual, systematic related, there is a difference between the and effective. Therefore, the present study two, mainly in the method of gender change. attempts to uncover the tendency of this Transgender people show their feminine group in terms of several different facets identity through appearance and behaviour. such as their and sexual However, transsexuals change almost behavior or sexual orientation. This means everything including their behaviour, looks, that this study tries to understand how the body as well as their genital parts. This is group identifies themselves as individuals because transsexuals can never accept the either as male or female, their sexual sexual organs (penis and scrotum for men) interest either in men or women as well as that they were born with. They are willing their sexual behaviour with their partners to undergo genital change surgery or to Allowing this group of transsexuals to construct a fake vagina to become a woman. describe their personality and behaviour Besides, they also use hormonal therapy to from their own perspectives will provide develop breasts and other female secondary rich and valuable information about the sex characteristics. Subsequently, they live group to others. Hence, the qualitative the lifestyle they have always desired. approach was seen as the most suitable In Malaysia, transsexual women are method for the purpose of this research. fondly known and addressed as ‘Mak Nyah’, a male transsexual (Mukhannas) who THE CONCEPT OF TRANSSEXUALS desires a gender other than their original ‘Transsexual’ refers to the condition where gender (Teh, 2001). An earlier researcher, a person tends to identify his/her gender as Wan Halim (1987), found that society different from his/her biological sex leading also categorises transsexual women as to his/her action of undergoing medical transgender, , ‘darai’, hermaphrodite, procedures to change his/her sexual body ‘mukhannas’ and ‘mukhannis’ instead of structure in order to live as the gender he/ ‘Mak Nyah’. What distinguishes them from she dreams of being (Suriati et al., 2011; another is the name or title used in certain Ahmad Amin, 1995). On the other hand, places. Wan Halim (1987) also mentioned from the medical perspective, ‘transsexual’ the other names and terms used to address

112 Pertanika J. Soc. Sci. & Hum. 21 (S): 109 - 122 (2013) Phenomenon of Transsexual Behaviour Among Youth in Kuala Lumpur: A Case Study transsexuals such as ‘bapok’, ‘adik-adik’, focus here will be the issue of transsexuals ‘kedi’, ‘khunsa’, ‘cik mek’, ‘cik awang’ within male youth. and others. Besides, among themselves, these transsexuals call themselves the PLU RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (People Like Us), Sters (short form for The methodology used for this case study ‘sisters’), ‘che gaya’ and ‘dugong’, among is the qualitative research design. The others. qualitative approach for this study is the Like individuals biologically born preferred research design because of its women, transsexual women also have suitability to answer the ‘what’ and ‘how’ feelings of wanting to be loved by someone; questions in research (Creswell, 1998). the difference is that they are only attracted Besides, Leedy (1990) stated that the use to males, and reject women as their life of qualitative design enables researchers partner. This is in line with the study to gain information deeply especially in conducted by Siti Ainiza and Azhari (1997) terms of respondent understanding and which stated that transsexuals need someone knowledge. The present researchers also whom they can see as a protector, a male agree with Rohana Yusof (2003) that the who is able to guide them and to whom qualitative approach is characterised by they can be married to. In addition, they eclecticism, is orientated towards being like to be treated as a wife and to carry the hypothesis-free and accepts the reality of responsibilities of a wife in their marriage. the nature of the phenomenon. For them, marriage is based on the concept In this research, the sample consists of an ‘understanding of love’ between them of eight male youth transsexuals or ‘Mak and their husbands. The assumption is that Nyah’ from different racial groups within these transsexuals do have husbands who the age range of 18 to 33 years old. Through are partners in bed and with whom they snowball sampling method, the informants are sexually active, as well as whom they were obtained from several places around hold on to and turn to for shelter, as do Kuala Lumpur such as Lorong Haji Taib and many individuals who are born biologically entertainment clubs which are the famous women (Siti Ainiza & Azhari, 1997). and common spots for these transsexuals Despite the variety and diversity of or ‘Mak Nyah’. To gather the information, terms or the meaning of ‘transsexual’, all the researchers conducted meetings at these definitions come back to the same the informants’ house as requested by the basic meaning, which refers to the tendency informants themselves for comfort reasons. of the individual to act contrary to the given The interview location is important as it nature of his/her gender, whether a man who affects the emotions of informants in giving wants to act as a woman or a woman who truthful and sincere information. The semi- wants to act as a man. Nevertheless, parallel structured interview technique was used to with the objectives of this research, the main collect information from the informants. The

Pertanika J. Soc. Sci. & Hum. 21 (S): 109 - 122 (2013) 113 Mohd Roslan Rosnon, Mohamad Naqiuddin Dahamat Azam and Mohd Najmi Daud researchers recorded the interview results, These were the statements of the informants transcribed them verbatim and analysed regarding the nature of their gender: them based on thematic analysis technique. “You, I’m really a woman…I’m a In this present research, the researchers woman, not a man. Touchwood, if also took into account the reliability and you say that I’m a man...it gives me validity of the information. Thus, in the a creep...I’m a woman. I feel that I data collection process, the researchers took am a woman who is trapped in a into account honesty or trustworthiness man’s body..” (Informant 1) in carrying out this study by adhering to the four main criteria listed by Noraini “Who knows…it’s hard to answer… (2010) which are truth value, applicability, what’s important is that I’m a consistency and neutrality. woman, I’m not a man...Do you see me as a man??? No, right… RESEARCH FINDINGS AND errmm. I feel that I’m a woman…” DISCUSSIONS (Informant 2) Thematic analysis used for this study identified the theme and sub-themes. In this Based on the excerpt above, it shows that research, the two main themes identified the informants felt that they were women are: 1) gender/sex identification and 2) and refused to acknowledge themselves as sexual behaviour and orientation. We will men. This is because the feelings of these discuss and explain these two themes and informants as a woman exceeded their the relationship to their personality and their feelings as a man, and that indirectly tells identity as transsexual people. us that they want to be acknowledged as a woman either physically or emotionally. Gender/Sex Identification Moreover, some informants felt that In discussing the main theme of gender or they were better than most individuals sex identification, the study highlighted two biologically born women. For instance, one important points: perception of own sex and of the informants said: personal attitude as a woman. “Of course I’m a woman, you... In fact, I feel that I’m much perfect Perception of their own sex compared to the women out there, Based on the information obtained from the okay……” (Informant 3) interview, every informant chose to refer to himself as a woman and declined being When asked how they wanted to be referred to as a man. This was evident in treated, each informant responded with a the answers given by the informants when similar answer i.e. that they wanted to be questioned about their gender and sex.

114 Pertanika J. Soc. Sci. & Hum. 21 (S): 109 - 122 (2013) Phenomenon of Transsexual Behaviour Among Youth in Kuala Lumpur: A Case Study treated as a woman. For example, almost may be due to the difference in their marital every informant replied: status. However, all the informants were excited at the thought of male seductions. “Of course I want others to treat For instance, one informant who was me like a woman because I am a married and lived a normal married life with woman....” (Informant 4) a stable partner answered as follows when asked on his reaction to male seduction: To them, they are women and as women they would like others to treat them as they “I’m a woman…I get sexually would treat individuals biologically born aroused when seduced by men... women. A simple example is how each But, I am not fond of it...I have a informant addressed himself as “mak” husband. So, I have to take care (mother) or “kakak” (sister) and was of myself and my behaviour...” uncomfortable when addressed as “abang” (Informant 7) (brother). In terms dressing, informants openly His answer suggests that he possesses said that they would always want to look the characteristics of a woman who watches beautiful. One such response was: herself and is mindful of her manner and actions, as would any woman with a “I want to look beautiful...I am family. On the other hand, an informant more beautiful than the actual who is single claimed that he was shy when women okay...... ” (Informant 5) seduced by men. He said: “Your appearance must be “I don’t like to be seduced by men beautiful...I am a woman, okay... because I’m shy, embarrassed...I’m so, I have to take care of my a woman, ok...shy, ok...But, I’m appearance.....” (Informant 6) aroused by their seduction....” (Informant 2) This clearly tells us that transsexuals in the interview are really concerned with His answer suggests that male having an appearance that is appealing transsexuals are sexually excited by male and attractive in the eyes of the public. seductions. However, they are mindful of Moreover, the term ‘want to look beautiful’ their actions, displaying caution in the face also informs us that they would like to look of advances by a male as might most women attractive as a woman instead of a man. who believe caution in such a circumstance to be proper. On the other hand, another Attitude as a woman informant had the opposite response. With regards to being seduced by a man, According to him: each informant answered differently. This

Pertanika J. Soc. Sci. & Hum. 21 (S): 109 - 122 (2013) 115 Mohd Roslan Rosnon, Mohamad Naqiuddin Dahamat Azam and Mohd Najmi Daud

“I love being seduced by men....I woman. In fact, the nature he projects feel aroused and lustful when they and the way he interacts are feminine and seduced me...” (Informant 3) womanly. However, because he was born a man, he believed he needed to physical This statement also proves the existence changes to his body in order to feel more of sexual arousal towards men without any comfortable with himself. accompanying feelings of shame. However, Thus, all of the informants were there are others who feel shy of men as comfortable with their present physical would a woman. condition of resembling a woman. This is When asked about their level of supported by Wan Azmi (1991), who stated self-confidence and self-assurance, all that Mak Nyah or transsexuals genuinely the informants agreed that they were feel that their identity and feelings are those comfortable with their appearances. The of a woman. only discomfort they felt was triggered by The findings of this research are the environment around them, particularly also consistent with the concept of self- the perception that the public have of them. acceptance that Ismail (2001) proposed For example, according to one informant: as being one of the major issues in in Malaysia. According “Mostly, I’m comfortable with to Ismail (2001), self-acceptance is the myself. I’m just not comfortable foundation upon which homosexuals come how others see me....” (Informant out and acknowledge publicly their LGBT 1) orientation. In his study, Ismail revealed that a small number of the homosexuals refused There were, however, informants to admit their LGBT orientation as they who would like to see an increase in failed to consider that being homosexual self-confidence and self-acceptance. For was a normal phenomenon, and therefore, example: were not willing to be open about it with others, especially as the environment “I’m comfortable with myself...I failed to support them when they revealed just want to go for a surgery to their orientation. However, most of the remove my testicles...so that I would informants in this study had little difficulty feel more comfortable...I don’t want in achieving self-acceptance. Many of them to be a hypocrite...If I want to be succeeded in accepting their differences and a real woman, why should I have had little trouble revealing their transsexual male sex organ...”(Informant 3) personality in public. Most of the informants were very proud of their feminine body and Based on external observation, appearance. Informant 3 looks no different from a

116 Pertanika J. Soc. Sci. & Hum. 21 (S): 109 - 122 (2013) Phenomenon of Transsexual Behaviour Among Youth in Kuala Lumpur: A Case Study

Sexual Behaviour and Orientation When asked about their sexual relations, One way to observe whether transsexuals all the informants stated that they were have a male or female instinct is to analyse sexually active with their male partners. All their sexual behaviour. To achieve this the informants felt that they were sexually end, this study presented a few questions satisfied when they were with men. They to the informants regarding their sexual were not lustful or excited when with tendency and activities. Two sub-themes women as they considered themselves to were identified based on the results, namely, also be women. Some examples of the sexual desire for men and sexual orientation. statements by the informants are given: “Of course all of us have had sex, Sexual desire for men you…it is impossible if not….” This sub-theme arose when the researchers (Informant 2) asked the informants about the gender of “I’m only lustful with men....women, their partners. All the informants said their sorry....It gives me the creep, ok....” partners were of the same sex i.e. male. (Informant 8) When asked whether they had a lover or a partner, two out of six informants stated that they had partners whom they acknowledged These two statements clearly reveal as their husbands. The remaining informants that the informants had engaged in sexual had multiple sex partners who were all men. relationships with partners of the same sex They did not have a regular partner. When to achieve sexual satisfaction and were not asked to explain why all their partners were interested in women as they considered men, all stated that they wanted men to themselves to be women. pamper and indulge them so that they would In addition, when questioned on the feel more like a woman. Two examples of role played during sexual intercourse, all the informants’ statements are given: of them replied that they played the role of the woman in satisfying their male partners: “I have a husband so my husband treats me as a wife like a normal “Of course a woman when in bed... couple would.....” (Informant 7) since I’m a woman, so I have to act as woman in bed....” (Informant 4) “I want a strong man that could cater to my needs. I love it when Almost all the informants gave answers men indulge me...” (Informant 3) similar to the above, proving that all of them saw themselves as women when Both statements clearly inform that the they were with men, particularly during informants love to be pampered by men who sexual intercourse. A few of the informants consider them as women. were in relationships with stable partners

Pertanika J. Soc. Sci. & Hum. 21 (S): 109 - 122 (2013) 117 Mohd Roslan Rosnon, Mohamad Naqiuddin Dahamat Azam and Mohd Najmi Daud through marriage and kept the daily routine interested in oral sex because they disliked of male-female couples. Those who were it. For instance, informant 8 said: married placed importance on their sexual “I only perform anal sex...it’s relationship with their partner and behaved disgusting to do oral...really as any wife would. For example, according disgusting...” (Informant 8) to informant 6:

“I have a husband...I have to take In their opinion, most women were not care of my relationship…I used to fond of performing oral sex. change partners, but now I have to When asked about the type of sexual be faithful to one...sex is only for my pleasure and satisfaction experienced husband...” (Informant 6) during sexual intercourse, six of the eight informants claimed that they gained sexual It is clear here that the informants who pleasure during sexual intercourse by were married treasured their marriage and performing both anal and oral sex. Only two performed their duties as a wife faithfully of the informants said that they achieved while preserving their honour as a woman. sexual pleasure through anal sex alone. However, when asked of their sexual Sexual Orientation satisfaction as women, all the informants were of the opinion that they were sexually The interviews revealed that the types of satisfied playing the role of the woman in the sexual intercourse regularly performed sexual relationship. For instance, informant between the informants and their partners 6 claimed: were oral, anal or both. Six out of eight informants claimed that the frequent types “I am sexually satisfied when of sexual activity that they performed during performing both oral and anal sexual intercourse with their partner were sex...I’m a woman and I am both oral and anal: pampered and reached my sexual climax like a normal woman...that’s “In my relationship, I usually why I perform oral and anal...” perform oral and anal sex together... (Informant 6) It’s more satisfying...” (Informant 7) This statement proves that these “I perform both of it...” (Informant transsexuals achieve sexual climax and 5) pleasure with their respective partners similar to that of a woman. Nevertheless, two of the eight informants Two of the informants had stable only performed anal sex as they were not partners as they were married to their

118 Pertanika J. Soc. Sci. & Hum. 21 (S): 109 - 122 (2013) Phenomenon of Transsexual Behaviour Among Youth in Kuala Lumpur: A Case Study respective partners and also living a normal for men. Similarly, this research suggests married life together with their same-sex that sexual interest towards men as reported partners. The remaining informants had by the informants in this study might also multiple male sex partners and no regular be triggered by the change of their identity partners. When asked to give reasons why from male to female. their partners were all males, most of the In terms of the types and forms of informants agreed that the two main reasons sexual relationships and sexual pleasure were their desire to be pampered by men and experienced, the findings showed that six the feeling of being a woman. This finding of eight of the informants derived sexual was consistent with Siti Ainiza and Azhari pleasure through oral and anal sex. Only (1997) who found that transsexuals loved to two of the informants were sexually satisfied have a husband or a male partner that could through anal sex alone. Even though there carry out the responsibilities of protecting were different approaches to satisfy their and treating them as women. sexual needs, all of the transsexuals in this Further, this study also identified that study agreed that they felt satisfied with anal the sexual orientation of the informants was sex. This is because the feeling of being towards man; all of them had had engaged in feminine is aroused when they have anal sexual relationships with their male partners. intercourse (Edwards, Fisher & Reynolds, None of the informants felt sexually aroused 2007). When asked about their sexual by a woman. These findings are consistent satisfaction as a woman, all of them were of with the research done by Daskalos (1998) the opinion that they were sexually satisfied where it was found that female identity when performing as a woman. and hormones were two major matters that strongly affected changes in sexual CONCLUSION orientation among transsexuals. In his Overall, the phenomenon of transsexual research on six heterosexual male-to-female behaviour among male youth is a transsexuals, Daskalos reported that all the phenomenon involving the personality and respondents had experienced major changes emotions of the individual. The findings of in their sexual orientation since they had this study show that transsexuals have a high converted their identity from male to female. tendency to identify themselves as Before the transition, the respondents had and are interested in men especially in terms informed the researchers that they were of sexual activities or behaviour; thus, this sexually interested in women but after study supports the notion and assumption they transited into women, all attraction that transsexuals among the male gender to women were gone, and they started to experience the phenomenon of being “a have sexual feelings for men. Half of the woman trapped in a man’s body”. The respondents had also reported that female study also suggests that feminine feelings hormones strengthened their sexual feelings experienced by male transsexuals have a

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