DOCSLIB.ORG

University of Nevada, Reno "You Could Bomb It Into Oblivion and Never Notice the Difference": an Archaeological Resea

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
University of Nevada, Reno University of Nevada, Reno "You Could Bomb it into Oblivion and Never Notice the Difference": An Archaeological Research Design for Nevada's Uranium Mining Industry, 1951-1968. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology By Jonah S. Blustain Dr. Sarah Cowie/Thesis Advisor May 2013 i ABSTRACT An often-overlooked metal in the history of Nevada mining, uranium has had a significant impact on our industrial landscape. Because the majority of Nevada’s uranium production infrastructure has not yet reached the 50 year mark for significance under the National Register of Historic Places’ (NRHP) guidelines, uranium mining and prospecting has not been extensively studied by historians or archaeologists. As such, very few of these important resources have been documented archaeologically. Nevertheless, the remains of Nevada’s uranium mining industry are significant parts of our collective history. My research addresses this oversight by first providing a contextual framework for the archaeological investigation of the state’s historic uranium mining resources. Data recovered from these investigations can be used to evaluate the recorded resources for eligibility to the NRHP. Finally, this thesis theorizes the creation of the Nevada Uranium Mining District which would serve to manage the state’s myriad of cultural resources related to the uranium mining boom of 1951 to 1968. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………….1 1.1 PROJECT AREA………………………………………………….…………..…….3 1.2 ARCHIVAL RESEARCH METHODS……………………………….………………..6 1.3 AGENCY JURISDICTION AND PROTOCOLS……………………………………….7 1.4 THESIS OUTLINE………………………………………………………………….8 2.0 HISTORIC CONTEXT………………………………….………………………9 2.1 THE GEOLOGY OF URANIUM………………..…………………………………..10 2.2 URANIUM IN A GEOPOLITICAL CONTEXT………………………………………12 2.2.1 Radioactivity and Early Applications................................…...……………….12 2.2.2 The Beginnings of Weaponization………………………….………………….14 2.2.3 World War II and the Manhattan Project..………………………….…….…15 2.2.4 The Atomic Energy Act of 1946 and the Atomic Energy Commission...........16 2.2.5 The 1954 Atomic Energy Act..............................................................................19 2.2.6 The Private Ownership of Special Nuclear Materials Act of 1964..................21 2.2.7 The Energy Reorganization Act of 1974............................................................23 2.3 “THE A-BOMB CAPITAL OF THE WEST”: URANIUM MINING IN NEVADA .........23 2.3.1 The Vanadium Rush ...........................................................................................24 2.3.2 AEC Monosophy..................................................................................................24 2.3.3 The “Uraniumaire”: Uranium Mining as a Get-Rich-Quick Scheme ...........28 2.3.4 Uranium Prospecting ..........................................................................................31 2.3.5 Uranium Mining .................................................................................................38 2.3.6 Uranium Milling .................................................................................................44 2.3.7 Some Mine the Ore, and Others Mine the Miners: Uranium Mining Scams......47 2.3.8 The Hidden Danger of Uranium Mining ..........................................................49 2.4 THE END OF AN ERA ............................................................................................50 3.0 RESOURCE IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS METHODS .................51 3.1 THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SIGNATURE OF URANIUM MINING............................51 3.2 PHASE I: RESEARCH DESIGN ...............................................................................55 3.2.1 Government Records ..........................................................................................56 3.2.2 Geology and Cartography ..................................................................................58 3.2.3 Technical and Professional Sources ..................................................................58 3.2.4 Avocational and Lay Sources .............................................................................59 3.2.5 Previous Cultural Resource Surveys in the Area .............................................60 3.3 PHASE II: FROM HISTORIC THEMES TO DIRECTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH ................................................................................................................................62 iii 3.3.1 The Anthropology of Technology ......................................................................62 3.3.2 Sociotechnical Systems .......................................................................................64 3.3.3 Questions for Further Research ......................................................................65 3.4 PHASE III: RECORDATION AND DATA RECOVERY ..............................................69 3.4.1 Beginning Documentation.............................................................................69 3.4.2 Standing Architectural Resources .....................................................................71 3.4.3 Excavation ...........................................................................................................73 3.4.4 Curation ...............................................................................................................75 3.4.5 Safety Concerns ...................................................................................................75 3.5 PHASE IV: EVALUATION ......................................................................................77 4.0 RESOURCE EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS ................78 4.1 RESOURCE EVALUATION ....................................................................................78 4.1.1 Significance Criteria ...........................................................................................79 4.1.2 Criteria Considerations ......................................................................................80 4.1.3 Integrity ...............................................................................................................82 4.2 THE PATH TO A MANAGEMENT UNIT ..................................................................87 4.3 PROPOSED MANAGEMENT UNIT – THE NEVADA URANIUM MINING DISTRICT (NUMD) ...............................................................................................................88 4.3.1 Period of Significance .........................................................................................89 4.3.2 NUMD Boundary ................................................................................................89 4.3.3 The Significance of the NUMD ..........................................................................90 4.3.4 Contributing and Non-contributing Elements of the NUMD .........................91 4.3.5 Isolated Finds ......................................................................................................94 4.4 SITES RECOMMENDED NOT ELIGIBLE AND NOT CONTRIBUTING ......................95 4.5 MANAGEMENT OF SITES RECOMMENDED ELIGIBLE AND/OR CONTRIBUTING ....95 4.5.1 Sites Eligible and/or Contributing Under Criterion A ....................................96 4.5.2 Sites Eligible and/or Contributing Under Criterion B ....................................96 4.5.3 Sites Eligible and/or Contributing Under Criterion C ....................................96 4.5.4 Sites Eligible and/or Contributing Under Criterion D ....................................97 4.6 SITES REMAINING UNEVALUATED .......................................................................97 5.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS .................................................................99 5.1 NEVADA’S URANIUM MINING INDUSTRY ..........................................................100 5.2 THE NUMD ........................................................................................................101 5.3 FUTURE WORK ...................................................................................................102 5.3.1 A Complete Class I Survey of Recorded Uranium Mining Loci ..................103 5.3.2 A State-Wide Multiple Property Documentation ..........................................104 5.3.3 Public Outreach and Interpretation ................................................................105 iv 5.4 CONCLUSION: THE SYMBOLISM OF ATOMIC CULTURAL RESOURCES ............107 6.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................................................................................................108 v LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Production and workings information for Nevada’s uranium mines.................44 Table 3.1 The material culture considered diagnostic of uranium prospecting and mining................................................................................................................55 vi FIGURE LIST Figure 2.1: All known deposits of uranium and all known uranium mines in Nevada.....11 Figure 2.2: An AEC comic slowing a successful uranium miner taking his ores to a purchasing depot in hopes of a substantial production bonus................................25 Figure 2.3: An AEC cartoon showing men from multiple backgrounds and socioeconomic classes becoming uranium prospectors ........................................26 Figure 2.4: An instructor of the Nevada Uranium School shows a prospector the proper use of a Geiger counter ..............................................................................28
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Authority Review for the Former Staten Island Warehouse
    -. -“” i\lf 2’-L THE AEROSPACE CORPORATION Suite 4000, 955 L’Enfant P.!aza, S. W., Washington, D. C. 20024, Telephone: (202) 488-6000 7117-03.85.eav.15 20 August 1985 bee: A. Wallo F. Hoch (w/o) Mr. Arthur Whitman F. Newman (w/o) Division of Remedial Action Projects, NE-24 R. Johnson (w/o) U.S. Department of Energy Germantown, Maryland 20545 Dear Mr. Whitman: AUTHORITY REVIEW FOR THE FORMER STATEN ISLAND WAREHOUSE Aerospace has completed the analysis of the available documentation related to the former Staten Island Warehouse. The attachment is sub- mitted for your review to determine whether DOE has authority to pursue remedial action at the site under FUSRAP. As indicated in the summary of the attached analysis, it would appear that, except for export controls imposed by the State Department, the ore stored in the former Staten Island Warehouse was not under the control of the U.S. Government. The Manhattan District only purchased a portion of the U308 content of the ore, while African Metals Corpora- tion retained ownership of the radium and other precious metals that remained in the ore after processing. Further, the U.S. Government did not take custody of the ore until delivered by lighter free alongside ship to the Lehigh Valley Railroad at the Dean Mill Plant of the Archer- Daniels-Midland Company. As a result, it does not appear that DOE has authority under the Atomic Energy Act to take remedial actions, if needed, at this site. Based upon your review and final authority determination, Aerospace will prepare an elimination package to document the status of the site as it is turned over to the EPA for remedial action.
    [Show full text]
  • Junior Ranger Book Is for All Ages
    National Park Service Manhattan Project U.S. Department of the Interior National Historical Park NM, TN, WA Manhattan Project National Historical Park JUNIORat Hanford, RANGERWashington Turn the page to accept this mission Welcome friends! My name is Atom U235 Fission. I will be your guide as we explore the Hanford site of the Manhattan JR JR RANGER Manhattan a Project N Project National Historical Park G SITE, WA ER together. This project was So big it changed the world! How to earn points This junior ranger book is for all ages. You may find some activities harder than others. That’s okay. You choose what activities to complete by earning enough points for your age. 4 points —— ages 6-8 Points needed 6 points —— ages 9-11 to earn a badge 8 points —— ages 12-14 10 points —— ages 15 and older ACTIVITIES POINT VALUE YOUR POINTS Complete activities in 1 activity = the Junior Ranger Book. 1 pt Join a docent tour or 1 pt ranger program. Total: Watch a park film. 1 pt Download the park’s app. Learn about our other locations. 1 pt This QR code will take you to the free National Park Service app. Once you have the app, search for the Manhattan Project to explore the entire park including sites in New Mexico, Tennessee, and Washington. WHEN FINISHED: Return your book to the visitor center and be sworn in as an official junior ranger. PARENTS: Participate with your aspiring junior ranger to learn about this park as a family. NEED MORE TIME? Mail your book to Manhattan Project National Historical Park, 2000 Logston Blvd.
    [Show full text]
  • Elko County Nevada Water Resource Management Plan 2017
    Elko County Nevada Water Resource Management Plan 2017 Echo Lake - Ruby Mountains Elko County Board of Commissioners Elko County Natural Resource Management Advisory Commission December 6, 2017 Executive Summary The Elko County Water Resource Management Plan has been prepared to guide the development, management and use of water resources in conjunction with land use management over the next twenty-five (25) years. Use by decision makers of information contained within this plan will help to ensure that the environment of the County is sustained while at the same time enabling the expansion and diversification of the local economy. Implementation of the Elko County Water Resource Management Plan will assist in maintaining the quality of life enjoyed by residents and visitors of Elko County now and in the future. Achievement of goals outlined in the plan will result in water resources found within Elko County being utilized in a manner beneficial to the residents of Elko County and the State of Nevada. The State of Nevada Water Plan represents that Elko County will endure a loss of population and agricultural lands over the next twenty-five years. Land use and development patterns prepared by Elko County do not agree with this estimated substantial loss of population and agricultural lands. The trends show that agricultural uses in Elko County are stable with minimal notable losses each year. Development patterns represent that private lands that are not currently utilized for agricultural are being developed in cooperation and conjunction with agricultural uses. In 2007, Elko County was the largest water user in the State of Nevada.
    [Show full text]
  • NUREG-1710 Vol 1 History of Water
    NUREG-1710 Vol. 1 History of Water Development in the Amargosa Desert Area: A Literature Review i I I I I I I I U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste Washington, DC 20555-0001 AVAILABILITY OF REFERENCE MATERIALS IN NRC PUBLICATIONS 7 NRC Reference Material Non-NRC Reference Material As of November 1999, you may electronically access Documents available from public and special technical NUREG-series publications and other NRC records at libraries include all open literature items, such as NRC's Public Electronic Reading Room at books, journal articles, and transactions, Federal http://www.nrc.pov/reading-rm.html. Register notices, Federal and State legislation, and Publicly released records include, to name a few, congressional reports. Such documents as theses, NUREG-series publications; Federal Register notices; dissertations, foreign reports and translations, and applicant, licensee, and vendor documents and non-NRC conference proceedings may be purchased correspondence; NRC correspondence and internal from their sponsoring organization. memoranda; bulletins and information notices; inspection and investigative reports; licensee event reports; and Commission papers and their attachments. Copies of industry codes and standards used in a substantive manner in the NRC regulatory process are NRC publications in the NUREG series, NRC maintained at- regulations, and Title 10, Energy, in the Code of The NRC Technical Library Federal Regulations may also be purchased from one Two White Flint North of these two sources. 11545 Rockville Pike 1. The Superintendent of Documents Rockville, MD 20852-2738 U.S. Government Printing Office Mail Stop SSOP Washington, DC 20402-0001 These standards are available in the library for Intemet: bookstore.gpo.gov reference use by the public.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatially-Explicit Modeling of Modern and Pleistocene Runoff and Lake Extent in the Great Basin Region, Western United States
    Spatially-explicit modeling of modern and Pleistocene runoff and lake extent in the Great Basin region, western United States Yo Matsubara1 Alan D. Howard1 1Department of Environmental Sciences University of Virginia P.O. Box 400123 Charlottesville, VA 22904-4123 Abstract A spatially-explicit hydrological model balancing yearly precipitation and evaporation is applied to the Great Basin Region of the southwestern United States to predict runoff magnitude and lake distribution during present and Pleistocene climatic conditions. The model iteratively routes runoff through, and evaporation from, depressions to find a steady state solution. The model is calibrated with spatially-explicit annual precipitation estimates and compiled data on pan evaporation, mean annual temperature, and total yearly runoff from stations. The predicted lake distribution provides a close match to present-day lakes. For the last glacial maximum the sizes of lakes Bonneville and Lahontan were well predicted by linear combinations of decrease in mean annual temperature from 0 to 6 °C and increases in precipitation from 0.8 to 1.9 times modern values. Estimated runoff depths were about 1.2 to 4.0 times the present values and yearly evaporation about 0.3 to 1 times modern values. 2 1. Introduction The Great Basin of the southwestern United States in the Basin and Range physiographic province contains enclosed basins featuring perennial and ephemeral lakes, playas and salt pans (Fig. 1). The Great Basin consists of the entire state of Nevada, western Utah, and portions of California, Idaho, Oregon, and Wyoming. At present it supports an extremely dry, desert environment; however, about 40 lakes (some reaching the size of present day Great Lakes) episodically occupied the Great Basin, most recently during the last glacial maximum (LGM) [Snyder and Langbein, 1962; Hostetler et al., 1994; Madsen et al., 2001].
    [Show full text]
  • Uranium Mining and the U.S. Nuclear Weapons Program
    Uranium Mining and the U.S. Nuclear Weapons Program Uranium Mining and the U.S. Nuclear Weapons Program By Robert Alvarez Formed over 6 billion years ago, uranium, a dense, silvery-white metal, was created “during the fiery lifetimes and explosive deaths in stars in the heavens around us,” stated Nobel Laureate Arno Penzias.1 With a radioactive half-life of about 4.5 billion years, uranium-238 is the most dominant of several unstable uranium isotopes in nature and has enabled scientists to understand how our planet was created and formed. For at least the last 2 billion years, uranium shifted from deep in the earth to the rocky shell-like mantle, and then was driven by volcanic processes further up to oceans and to the continental crusts. The Colorado Plateau at the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, where some of the nation’s largest uranium deposits exist, began to be formed some 300 million years ago, followed later by melting glaciers, and erosion which left behind exposed layers of sand, silt and mud. One of these was a canary-yellow sediment that would figure prominently in the nuclear age. From 1942 to 1971, the United States nuclear weapons program purchased about 250,000 metric tons of uranium concentrated from more than 100 million tons of ore.2 Although more than half came from other nations, the uranium industry heavily depended on Indian miners in the Colorado Plateau. Until recently,3 their importance remained overlooked by historians of the atomic age. There is little doubt their efforts were essential for the United States to amass one of the most destructive nuclear arsenals in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • General Index
    CAL – CAL GENERAL INDEX CACOXENITE United States Prospect quarry (rhombs to 3 cm) 25:189– Not verified from pegmatites; most id as strunzite Arizona 190p 4:119, 4:121 Campbell shaft, Bisbee 24:428n Unanderra quarry 19:393c Australia California Willy Wally Gully (spherulitic) 19:401 Queensland Golden Rule mine, Tuolumne County 18:63 Queensland Mt. Isa mine 19:479 Stanislaus mine, Calaveras County 13:396h Mt. Isa mine (some scepter) 19:479 South Australia Colorado South Australia Moonta mines 19:(412) Cresson mine, Teller County (1 cm crystals; Beltana mine: smithsonite after 22:454p; Brazil some poss. melonite after) 16:234–236d,c white rhombs to 1 cm 22:452 Minas Gerais Cripple Creek, Teller County 13:395–396p,d, Wallaroo mines 19:413 Conselheiro Pena (id as acicular beraunite) 13:399 Tasmania 24:385n San Juan Mountains 10:358n Renison mine 19:384 Ireland Oregon Victoria Ft. Lismeenagh, Shenagolden, County Limer- Last Chance mine, Baker County 13:398n Flinders area 19:456 ick 20:396 Wisconsin Hunter River valley, north of Sydney (“glen- Spain Rib Mountain, Marathon County (5 mm laths donite,” poss. after ikaite) 19:368p,h Horcajo mines, Ciudad Real (rosettes; crystals in quartz) 12:95 Jindevick quarry, Warregul (oriented on cal- to 1 cm) 25:22p, 25:25 CALCIO-ANCYLITE-(Ce), -(Nd) cite) 19:199, 19:200p Kennon Head, Phillip Island 19:456 Sweden Canada Phelans Bluff, Phillip Island 19:456 Leveäniemi iron mine, Norrbotten 20:345p, Québec 20:346, 22:(48) Phillip Island 19:456 Mt. St-Hilaire (calcio-ancylite-(Ce)) 21:295– Austria United States
    [Show full text]
  • The Nevada Mineral Industry 1999
    Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Special Publication MI-1999 Metals Industrial Minerals The Nevada Oil and Gas Mineral Industry Geothermal 1999 Exploration Development Mining Processing This report, twenty-first of an annual series, describes 1999 mineral, oil and gas, and geothermal activities and accomplishments in Nevada: production statistics, exploration and development including drilling for petroleum and geothermal resources, discoveries of orebodies, new mines opened, and expansion and other activities of existing mines. Statistics of known gold and silver deposits, and directories of mines and mills are included. Mackay School of Mines UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA RENO University and Community College System of Nevada 2000 Board of Regents Thalia Dondero, Chair Mark Alden David L. Phillips Jill Derby Howard Rosenberg Dorothy Gallagher Douglas Seastrand Douglas R. Hill Steve Sisolak Thomas E. Kirkpatrick Tom Weisner Jane Nichols, Interim Chancellor University of Nevada, Reno Joseph N. Crowley, President Mackay School of Mines Jane C.S. Long, Dean Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Jonathan G. Price, Director/State Geologist Scientific Research Staff Research and Administrative Support Staff Economic Geology Administration and Publication Sales Stephen B. Castor, Research Geologist Terri M. Garside, Executive Secretary John W. Erwin, Geophysicist (Emeritus) Cheryl Steed, Management Assistant Liang-Chi Hsu, Research Mineralogist (Emeritus) Charlotte Stock, Sales Manager Daphne D. LaPointe, Research Geologist Analytical Laboratory, Sample Curation, and Keith Papke, Industrial Minerals Geologist (Emeritus) Geologic Information Joseph V. Tingley, Research Geologist David Davis, Geologic Information Specialist Engineering Geology Paul J. Lechler, Chief Chemist/Geochemist John W. Bell, Research Engineering Geologist Mario Desilets, Chemist/Quality Assurance Officer Geoffrey Blewitt, Research Professor Bret Pecoraro, Laboratory Assistant Craig M.
    [Show full text]
  • Spies in the Congo
    Intelligence in Public Media Spies in the Congo: America’s Atomic Mission in World War II Susan Williams (Public Affairs, 2016), 332 pp., cast of characters, lo- cations, abbreviations, codewords, notes, index. Reviewed by David A. Foy While the US effort to develop the atomic bomb, mation. His “extra” mission—and the focus of Williams’s usually referred to by the umbrella term the Manhattan book—was to prevent enemy seizure of the uranium ore Project and headed by Army MG Leslie Groves, is be- during its transit from the Shinkolobwe mine to the Unit- coming better-known to the public, certain aspects of that ed States. To preserve arguably the most important secret compelling story remain largely in the shadows—partly of the war, neither Hogue nor any of his accomplices by design, partly by neglect. Susan Williams’s Spies in were ever told why uranium was so important, only that the Congo: America’s Atomic Mission in World War II it was so sensitive that they were never to use the term in shines a welcome light on one aspect of the tale—name- either oral or written communications and to use “dia- ly, the resolute US desire to control the highest-quality mond smuggling” (also a legitimate concern in Africa) as and quantity of uranium ore available in the world in a euphemism. By the time Hogue arrived in the Congo, order to ensure that the all-important ore did not reach Groves had tasked the Army’s Counterintelligence Corps Nazi Germany, working on its own atomic weapons (CIC, or the “Creeps,” as colleagues referred to them) program.
    [Show full text]
  • National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form
    NPS Form 10-900-b OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form This form is used for documenting property groups relating to one or several historic contexts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (formerly 16B). Complete each item by entering the requested information. ___X___ New Submission ________ Amended Submission A. Name of Multiple Property Listing Lincoln Highway – Pioneer Branch, Carson City to Stateline, Nevada B. Associated Historic Contexts (Name each associated historic context, identifying theme, geographical area, and chronological period for each.) Early Trails and Overland Routes, 1840’s-1863 Early Road Development in Nevada, 1865-1920’s Establishment of the Lincoln Highway and the Pioneer Branch, 1910-1913 Evolution of the Lincoln Highway and the Pioneer Branch, 1914-1957 C. Form Prepared by: name/title Chad Moffett, Dianna Litvak, Liz Boyer, Timothy Smith organization Mead & Hunt, Inc. street & number 180 Promenade Circle, Suite 240 city or town Sacramento state CA zip code 95834 e-mail [email protected] telephone 916-971-3961 date January 2018 D. Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this documentation form meets the National Register documentation standards and sets forth requirements for the listing of related properties consistent with the National Register criteria. This submission meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR 60 and the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for Archeology and Historic Preservation.
    [Show full text]
  • Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
    UA: 208/09 Index: AFR 62/013/2009 DRC Date: 30 July 2009 URGENT ACTION LEADING DRC HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDER ARRESTED A prominent human rights defender has been detained as prisoner of conscience since 24 July in the south-east of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). His organization had recently published a report alleging state complicity in illegal mining at a uranium mine, and he is facing politically motivated charges. Golden Misabiko, President of the Association Africaine de défense des Droits de l'Homme in Katanga province (ASADHO/Katanga), was arrested on 24 July by the intelligence services in the provincial capital, Lubumbashi. He is held at the Prosecutor’s Office (Parquet), sleeping outdoors on a cardboard box because the holding cell is overcrowded and filthy. On 29 July, the Lubumbashi High Court ordered that he should be detained for 15 days, for further investigation and possible trial on charges of "threatening state security" (atteinte à la sûreté de l’Etat) and "defamation" (diffamation). The court rejected a plea from his lawyers to release him on bail. The Katanga judicial authorities appear to have been put under political pressure to keep Golden Misabiko in detention. The charges against Golden Misabiko relate to a report published by ASADHO/Katanga on 12 July about the Shinkolobwe uranium mine. The report alleged that military and civilian officials had been complicit in illegal mining at Shinkolobwe after the government closed the mine for reasons of national security and public safety, in January 2004. The report said that the DRC authorities had not done enough to secure the mine.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Mining on Water of the Rivers Shinkolobwe, Lwisha And
    The Journal of Medical Research 2017; 3(2): 71-73 Research Article Impact of mining on water of the rivers Shinkolobwe, JMR 2017; 3(2): 71-73 March- April Lwisha and Kansonga in the province of Katanga (DRC) ISSN: 2395-7565 © 2017, All rights reserved Dominique Mudimbi Kalonda1, Arsène Kabamba Tshikongo1, Fridolin Kodondi Kule-koto2, Oscar Luboya www.medicinearticle.com Numbi3, Christian Kasongo Busambwa1, Dominique Kabundi Kalonda1, Yves Kisunka Bwalya1, Hervé Received: 07-02-2017 1 1 4 Musola Cansa , Albert Longanga Otshudi , Zet Lukumwena Kalala Accepted: 26-04-2017 1 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) 2 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) 3 Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) 4 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Abstract Background: These last decades were marked by the refuse tips, which caused many problems to the environment. Heavy metals resulting from these discharges are for the very dangerous majority when those manage to contaminate water. The contamination of water by heavy metals became an alarming matter, because not only it limits the use of water by the domestic uses but also for the damage, which it causes at the watery organizations. Objective: This study aims at determining the impact of mining around the Shinkolobwe rivers, Lwisha and Kansonga of the province of Katanga. Methods: Samples of water of the rivers Shinkolobwe, Lwisha and Kansonga taken during the period from October to December 2010; were used as equipment for the proportioning of heavy metals (52Cr-H2, 54 Fe, 59 Co, 60 Ni-H2, 65 Cu-H2, 75As, 114 Cd, 208Pb and 238U).
    [Show full text]