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Density, Viscosity, Ionic Conductivity, and Self-Diffusion Coefficient Of
A542 Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 165 (3) A542-A546 (2018) Density, Viscosity, Ionic Conductivity, and Self-Diffusion Coefficient of Organic Liquid Electrolytes: Part I. Propylene Carbonate + Li, Na, Mg and Ca Cation Salts Shiro Seki, 1,∗,z Kikuko Hayamizu, 2 Seiji Tsuzuki,3,z Keitaro Takahashi,1 Yuki Ishino,1 Masaki Kato,1 Erika Nozaki,4 Hikari Watanabe,4 and Yasuhiro Umebayashi4 1Department of Environmental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan 2Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan 3National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan 4Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan To investigate physicochemical relationships between ionic radii, valence number and cationic metal species in electrolyte solutions, propylene carbonate with Li[N(SO2CF3)2], Na[N(SO2CF3)2], Mg[N(SO2CF3)2]2 and Ca[N(SO2CF3)2]2 were prepared. The tem- perature dependence of density, viscosity, ionic conductivity (AC impedance method) and self-diffusion coefficient (pulsed-gradient spin-echo nuclear magnetic resonance) was measured. The effects of cationic radii and cation valence number on the fluidity and transport properites (conductivity and self-diffusion coefficient) were analyzed. © The Author(s) 2018. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Basic Aspects of Fluorine in Chemistry and Biology
Introduction: Basic Aspects of Fluorine in Chemistry and Biology COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL 1 Unique Properties of Fluorine and Their Relevance to Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology Takashi Yamazaki , Takeo Taguchi , and Iwao Ojima 1.1 Fluorine - Substituent Effects on the Chemical, Physical and Pharmacological Properties of Biologically Active Compounds The natural abundance of fl uorine as fl uorite, fl uoroapatite, and cryolite is considered to be at the same level as that of nitrogen on the basis of the Clarke number of 0.03. However, only 12 organic compounds possessing this special atom have been found in nature to date (see Figure 1.1) [1] . Moreover, this number goes down to just fi ve different types of com- pounds when taking into account that eight ω - fl uorinated fatty acids are from the same plant [1] . [Note: Although it was claimed that naturally occurring fl uoroacetone was trapped as its 2,4 - dinitrohydrazone, it is very likely that this compound was fl uoroacetal- dehyde derived from fl uoroacetic acid [1] . Thus, fl uoroacetone is not included here.] In spite of such scarcity, enormous numbers of synthetic fl uorine - containing com- pounds have been widely used in a variety of fi elds because the incorporation of fl uorine atom(s) or fl uorinated group(s) often furnishes molecules with quite unique properties that cannot be attained using any other element. Two of the most notable examples in the fi eld of medicinal chemistry are 9α - fl uorohydrocortisone (an anti - infl ammatory drug) [2] and 5 - fl uorouracil (an anticancer drug) [3], discovered and developed in 1950s, in which the introduction of just a single fl uorine atom to the corresponding natural products brought about remarkable pharmacological properties. -
Strong Indication of Filamentary-Chaotic Conductance and Possible Routes to Superconductivity Above Room Temperature
High-Tc Superconductivity: Strong Indication of Filamentary-Chaotic Conductance and Possible Routes to Superconductivity Above Room Temperature. Hans Hermann Otto Materialwissenschaftliche Kristallographie, TU Clausthal, Adolph-Roemer-Str. 2A, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany Email: [email protected] Abstract 4 The empirical relation of Tco (K) = 2740/< qc> between the transition temperature of optimum doped superconductors Tco and the mean cationic charge < q>c, a physical paradox, can be recast to strongly support fractal theories of high-Tc superconductors, thereby applying the finding that the optimum hole concentration of + h = 0.229 can be linked with the universal fractal constant δ1 = 8.72109… of the renormalized Hénon map. The transition temperature obviously increases steeply with a domain structure of ever narrower size, characterized by Fibonacci numbers. With this backing superconductivity above room temperature can be conceived for synthetic sandwich structures of < q>c less than 2+. For instance, composites of tenorite and cuprite respectively tenorite and CuI (CuBr, CuCl) onto AuCu alloys are proposed. This specification is suggested by previously described filamentary superconductivity of ‘bulk’ CuO 1-x samples. In addition, cesium substitution in the Tl- 1223 compound is an option. A low mean cationic charge allows the development of a frustrated nano-sized fractal structure of possibly ferroelastic nature delivering nano-channels for very fast charge transport, in common for both high-Tc superconductor and organic -
Authority Review for the Former Staten Island Warehouse
-. -“” i\lf 2’-L THE AEROSPACE CORPORATION Suite 4000, 955 L’Enfant P.!aza, S. W., Washington, D. C. 20024, Telephone: (202) 488-6000 7117-03.85.eav.15 20 August 1985 bee: A. Wallo F. Hoch (w/o) Mr. Arthur Whitman F. Newman (w/o) Division of Remedial Action Projects, NE-24 R. Johnson (w/o) U.S. Department of Energy Germantown, Maryland 20545 Dear Mr. Whitman: AUTHORITY REVIEW FOR THE FORMER STATEN ISLAND WAREHOUSE Aerospace has completed the analysis of the available documentation related to the former Staten Island Warehouse. The attachment is sub- mitted for your review to determine whether DOE has authority to pursue remedial action at the site under FUSRAP. As indicated in the summary of the attached analysis, it would appear that, except for export controls imposed by the State Department, the ore stored in the former Staten Island Warehouse was not under the control of the U.S. Government. The Manhattan District only purchased a portion of the U308 content of the ore, while African Metals Corpora- tion retained ownership of the radium and other precious metals that remained in the ore after processing. Further, the U.S. Government did not take custody of the ore until delivered by lighter free alongside ship to the Lehigh Valley Railroad at the Dean Mill Plant of the Archer- Daniels-Midland Company. As a result, it does not appear that DOE has authority under the Atomic Energy Act to take remedial actions, if needed, at this site. Based upon your review and final authority determination, Aerospace will prepare an elimination package to document the status of the site as it is turned over to the EPA for remedial action. -
Syntectonic Mobility of Supergene Nickel Ores of New Caledonia (Southwest Pacific)
Syntectonic mobility of supergene nickel ores of New Caledonia (Southwest Pacific). Evidence from faulted regolith and garnierite veins. Dominique Cluzel, Benoit Vigier To cite this version: Dominique Cluzel, Benoit Vigier. Syntectonic mobility of supergene nickel ores of New Caledonia (Southwest Pacific). Evidence from faulted regolith and garnierite veins.. Resource Geology, Wiley- Blackwell publishing, 2008, 58 (2), pp.161 - 170. 10.1111/j.1751-3928.2008.00053.x. hal-00161201 HAL Id: hal-00161201 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00161201 Submitted on 10 Jul 2007 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Syntectonic mobility of supergene nickel ores of New Caledonia (Southwest Pacific). Evidence from faulted regolith and garnierite veins. Dominique CLUZEL and Benoit VIGIER Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans, ISTO, UMR 6113, University of Orleans, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France. [email protected] Running title: Syntectonic mobility of supergene nickel ores Abstract Supergene nickel deposits of New Caledonia that have been formed in the Neogene by weathering of obducted ultramafic rocks are tightly controlled by fracture development. The relationship of tropical weathering and tectonic structures, faults and tension gashes, have been investigated in order to determine whether fractures have play a passive role only, as previously thought; or alternatively, if brittle tectonics was acting together with alteration. -
Mineral Processing
Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19 -
Junior Ranger Book Is for All Ages
National Park Service Manhattan Project U.S. Department of the Interior National Historical Park NM, TN, WA Manhattan Project National Historical Park JUNIORat Hanford, RANGERWashington Turn the page to accept this mission Welcome friends! My name is Atom U235 Fission. I will be your guide as we explore the Hanford site of the Manhattan JR JR RANGER Manhattan a Project N Project National Historical Park G SITE, WA ER together. This project was So big it changed the world! How to earn points This junior ranger book is for all ages. You may find some activities harder than others. That’s okay. You choose what activities to complete by earning enough points for your age. 4 points —— ages 6-8 Points needed 6 points —— ages 9-11 to earn a badge 8 points —— ages 12-14 10 points —— ages 15 and older ACTIVITIES POINT VALUE YOUR POINTS Complete activities in 1 activity = the Junior Ranger Book. 1 pt Join a docent tour or 1 pt ranger program. Total: Watch a park film. 1 pt Download the park’s app. Learn about our other locations. 1 pt This QR code will take you to the free National Park Service app. Once you have the app, search for the Manhattan Project to explore the entire park including sites in New Mexico, Tennessee, and Washington. WHEN FINISHED: Return your book to the visitor center and be sworn in as an official junior ranger. PARENTS: Participate with your aspiring junior ranger to learn about this park as a family. NEED MORE TIME? Mail your book to Manhattan Project National Historical Park, 2000 Logston Blvd. -
Thermal and Infrared Studies of Garnierite from the Soroako Nickeliferous Laterite Deposit, Sulawesi, Indonesia
Indonesian Journal of Geology, Vol. 7 No. 2 June 2012: 77-85 Thermal and Infrared Studies of Garnierite from the Soroako Nickeliferous Laterite Deposit, Sulawesi, Indonesia Analisis Termal dan Inframerah Garnierit dari Endapan Laterit Nikel Saroako, Sulawesi, Indonesia SUFRIADIN1,3*, A. IDRUS1, S. PRAMUMIJOYO1, I W. WARMADA1, I. NUR1,3, A. IMAI2, A.M. IMRAN3, and KAHARUDDIN3 1Department of Geological Engineering, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia 2Department of Earth Science and Technology, Akita University, Akita 010-8512, Japan 3Department of Geological Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia ABSTRACT Mineralogical characterization of some garnierite samples from Soroako have been conducted using X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and infrared spectroscopy methods. XRD patterns reveal the samples mainly containing the mixture of kerolite (talc-like phase) and serpentine with minor smectite, sepiolite, and silica. Thermal analyses of garnierite samples indicated by DTA curves are in good agreement with patterns that have been reported in literature. Three endothermic peaks normally occur in the ranges between 58º C and <800º C illustrating three steps of weight losses: adsorbed, bound, and hydroxyl/crystal water. One additional weight loss in low temperature region of sepiolite is corresponding to the lost of zeolitic water. Infrared spectra appeared in 3800 - 3200 cm-1 region generally exhibit broad absorption bands, indicating low crystallinities of studied samples and can be assigned to the presence of hydroxyl group bonded to octahedral coordina- tion mainly Mg atom. The bands observed at 1660 cm-1, 1639 cm-1, 1637 cm-1, and 1633 cm-1 in all samples indicate water molecules. FTIR spectra displaying the strong bands at 1045 cm-1, 1038 cm-1, and 1036 cm-1 could be related to the presence of Si-O-Si bonds linking to tetrahedral coordination. -
3. Attività Mineraria Nel Territorio Di Cugnano
3. ATTIVITÀ MINERARIA NEL TERRITORIO DI CUGNANO Come accennato in premessa, il territorio compreso fra le località di Poggio Trifonti, Poggio Mandriacce, Casa Bugettai ed Uccelliera, all’interno del quale sono localizzati i due insediamenti di Rocchette Pannocchieschi e Cugnano, è caratterizzato dalla presenza di mineralizzazioni a solfuri misti composti da idrossidi, minerali argentiferi e piombiferi (galena, tetraedrite), oltre che cupriferi (calcopirite)1. La relazione del senese Jacopo Tondi del 1334 menzionava inoltre il territorio di Cugnano dove erano abbondanti «il diaspro, il calcedonio, le corniole e le anabatiste, che pure s’annoverano fra le gemme…»2. Le mineralizzazioni sono localizzate in vene calcitiche racchiuse all’in- terno del calcare cavernoso, che è la roccia prevalente nel campione territo- riale in esame e dalla quale traggono origine i numerosi fenomeni carsici osservabili nel paesaggio, come grotte e doline; proprio queste ultime carat- terizzano fortemente l’area immediatamente circostante il castello di Roc- chette Pannocchieschi3. La presenza delle doline è fenomeno geologico che presenta rilevanti implicazioni per la storia delle coltivazioni minerarie in quest’area; le depres- sioni di origine naturale diventarono infatti (è questo il caso di Rocchette Pannocchieschi) cave per l’estrazione di materiale da costruzione, ma è assai probabile che, seguendo i naturali sprofondamenti, esse consentissero anche un più facile accesso alla mineralizzazione. È un fatto che il territorio in esame mostri una singolare e rilevante concentrazione di fronti di cava disposti lungo una probabile faglia direzio- nata NW/SE; anche le mineralizzazioni dell’area che chiameremo per sempli- cità Poggio Trifonti, ma che in realtà si articola in più “punti metalliferi”, cioè aree nelle quali i minerali si mostrano in concentrazione e profondità tali da poter essere più agevolmente coltivati, sono disposte lungo un asse 1 RICCOBONO, 1993, pp. -
Third-Generation Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction of 6- M Crystal of Raite, Na
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 94, pp. 12263–12267, November 1997 Geology Third-generation synchrotron x-ray diffraction of 6-mm crystal of raite, 'Na3Mn3Ti0.25Si8O20(OH)2z10H2O, opens up new chemistry and physics of low-temperature minerals (crystal structureymicrocrystalyphyllosilicate) JOSEPH J. PLUTH*, JOSEPH V. SMITH*†,DMITRY Y. PUSHCHAROVSKY‡,EUGENII I. SEMENOV§,ANDREAS BRAM¶, CHRISTIAN RIEKEL¶,HANS-PETER WEBER¶, AND ROBERT W. BROACHi *Department of Geophysical Sciences, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, GeologicalySoilyEnvironmental, and Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; ‡Department of Geology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119899, Russia; §Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117071, Russia; ¶European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, 38043, Grenoble, France; and UOP Research Center, Des Plaines, IL 60017 Contributed by Joseph V. Smith, September 3, 1997 ABSTRACT The crystal structure of raite was solved and the energy and metal industries, hydrology, and geobiology. refined from data collected at Beamline Insertion Device 13 at Raite lies in the chemical cooling sequence of exotic hyperal- the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, using a 3 3 3 3 kaline rocks of the Kola Peninsula, Russia, and the 65 mm single crystal. The refined lattice constants of the Monteregian Hills, Canada (2). This hydrated sodium- monoclinic unit cell are a 5 15.1(1) Å; b 5 17.6(1) Å; c 5 manganese silicate extends the already wide range of manga- 5.290(4) Å; b 5 100.5(2)°; space group C2ym. The structure, nese crystal chemistry (3), which includes various complex including all reflections, refined to a final R 5 0.07. -
Structural Principles for Minerals and Inorganic Compounds Containing Anion-Centered Tetrahedra
American Mineralogist, Volume 84, pages 1099–1106, 1999 Structural principles for minerals and inorganic compounds containing anion-centered tetrahedra SERGEY V. K RIVOVICHEV* AND STANISLAV K. FILATOV Department of Crystallography, St. Petersburg State University, University Embankment 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia ABSTRACT 2– 3– Several minerals and inorganic compounds contain (XA4) tetrahedra, with anions, X (O , N , and F–), as central atoms and cations, A (Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Bi3+, REE3+, etc.), as ligands. These tetrahe- dra are well defined in these crystal structures because the bond valences between A and X are essentially higher than the bond valences between A and atoms from other structural units. Accord- ing to their size, anion-centered tetrahedra may be subdivided into large and small tetrahedra, formed from cations with ionic radii near to 1.0 Å (e.g., Pb2+, Bi3+, and REE3+) and 0.5–0.7 Å (e.g., Cu2+ and Zn2+), respectively. The small anion-centered tetrahedra prefer to link through corners, whereas the large tetrahedra prefer to link through edges. When the tetrahedra are built from both “small” and “large” cations, “small” cations prefer to be corners shared between lesser numbers of tetrahedra and not involved in linking tetrahedra via edges. The general crystal-chemical formula of minerals and compounds containing anion-centered tetrahedra may be written as A'k[XnAm][ApXq]X'l, where [XnAm] (usually n ≤ m) is a structural unit based on anion-centered tetrahedra (ACT) and [ApXq] (p < q) is a structural unit based on cation-centered polyhedra (CCP). A' is a cation that does not belong to anion- or cation-centered polyhedra; it is usually an interstitial cation such as an alkali metal; X' is an interstitial anion such as halide or S2–. -
A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan
The Role of Geography in Human Security: A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan PhD Thesis Submitted by Ehsan Mehmood Khan, PhD Scholar Regn. No. NDU-PCS/PhD-13/F-017 Supervisor Dr Muhammad Khan Department of Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) Faculties of Contemporary Studies (FCS) National Defence University (NDU) Islamabad 2017 ii The Role of Geography in Human Security: A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan PhD Thesis Submitted by Ehsan Mehmood Khan, PhD Scholar Regn. No. NDU-PCS/PhD-13/F-017 Supervisor Dr Muhammad Khan This Dissertation is submitted to National Defence University, Islamabad in fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Peace and Conflict Studies Department of Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) Faculties of Contemporary Studies (FCS) National Defence University (NDU) Islamabad 2017 iii Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for Doctor of Philosophy in Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) Department NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY Islamabad- Pakistan 2017 iv CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION It is certified that the dissertation titled “The Role of Geography in Human Security: A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan” written by Ehsan Mehmood Khan is based on original research and may be accepted towards the fulfilment of PhD Degree in Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS). ____________________ (Supervisor) ____________________ (External Examiner) Countersigned By ______________________ ____________________ (Controller of Examinations) (Head of the Department) v AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I hereby declare that this thesis titled “The Role of Geography in Human Security: A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan” is based on my own research work. Sources of information have been acknowledged and a reference list has been appended.