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The State of Uganda Population Report 2008

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The State of Uganda Population Report 2008 The Republic of Uganda THE STATE OF UGANDA POPULATION REPORT 2008 Theme: “The Role of Culture, Gender and Human Rights in Social Transformation and Sustainable Development” Funded by UNFPA Uganda i UGANDA:T KEY DEMOGRAPHIC, SOCIAL AND DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS 2007 SUMMARY OF INDICATORS 1. Total Population (million) 29.6 2. Total Male Population (million) 14.2 3. Total Female Population (million) 15.2 4. Total Urban Population (million) 3.9 5. Population Growth Rate (%) 3.2 6. Urban Population Growth Rate (%) 5.7 7. Maternal Mortality Ratio per 100,000 live births 435 8. Infant Mortality Rate per 1,000 live births 76 9. Under five Mortality Rate per 1,000 live births 137 10. Total Fertility Rate 6.7 11. Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (%) 24 12. Supervised Deliveries (%) 42 13. Full Immunization (%) 46 14. Unmet Need for Family Planning (%) 41 15. Stunted Children (%) 38 16. HIV Prevalence Rate (%) 6.4 17. Literacy Rate (%) 69 18. Life Expectancy (years) 50.4 19. Population in Poverty (%)) 31 20. Human Development Index 0.581 21. GDP per capita in 2007 (US $) 370 22. Real GDP Growth Rate 2007/08 (%) 8.9 23. Private investment Growth in 2007/08 (%) 15 24. Public investment Growth in 2007/08 (%) 23 ii TABLE OF CONTENT KeyTU Demographic, Social and Development Indicators 2007 UT ................................................... iiiT ListU of TablesU ........................................................................................................... iv ListU of FiguresU .......................................................................................................... vii ForewordU U ............................................................................................................... vii AcKnowledgementU U ..................................................................................................... ix ListU of AbbreviationsU .................................................................................................... x CHAPTER 1 FERTILITYU TRENDS AND PATTERNS: THE ROLE OF CULTURE, GENDER AND HUMAN RIGHTS U 1.0U IntroductionU ........................................................................................................ 1 1.1U Policy Framework.................................................................................................. 1U 1.2U Fertility Trends and Patterns………U .............................................................................. 3 1.3U The Role of Culture, Gender and Human RightsU .............................................................. 4 1.4U ConclusionU .......................................................................................................... 6 1.5U Policy RecommendationsU ......................................................................................... 6 ReferencesU ..........................................................................................................U 7 CHAPTERU 2 U PATTERNSU AND TRENDS OF HIV/AIDS IN UGANDA: THE ROLE OF CULTURE, GENDER AND HUMAN RIGHTS U 2.0U U IntroductionU U ........................................................................................................ 8 2.1U U OverviewU of the ResponseU ........................................................................................ 8 2.2U Situation, Trends and patterns of the HIV/AIDS EpidemicU .................................................. 9 2.4U U TheU role of Culture, Gender and Human Rights in the Dynamics of the EpidemicU .................... 13 2.5U U ImpactU of Gender, Culture and Human Rights on Universal AccessU ..................................... 17 2.6U U CultureU and Service DeliveryU................................................................................... 18 2.7U U ConclusionsU and Policy RecommendationsU ................................................................... 19 ReferencesU U ........................................................................................................ 20 CHAPTER 3 POPULATIONSU IN CONFLICT AND POST CONFLICT SITUATIONS: IMPACT ON GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT 3.0U U IntroductionU U ..................................................................................................... 21 3.1U U TheU Legal and Policy Framework for Populations in Conflict and Post ConflictU ...................... 22 3.2U U TheU Effects of War in GeneralU ................................................................................ 23 3.3U U Social,U Health and Economic IndicatorsU ..................................................................... 25 3.4U Health StatusU .................................................................................................... 25 3.5U Women and PovertyU ............................................................................................ 26 3.6U Girls’ EducationU ................................................................................................. 27 3.7U Sexual and other forms of Violence against WomenU ...................................................... 27 3.8U HIV/AIDSU .......................................................................................................... 28 3.9U Orphans and Vulnerable ChildrenU ............................................................................ 28 3.10U Children and Armed ConflictU ................................................................................. 29 3.11U People with DisabilityU ......................................................................................... 29 3.12U Return and ReintegrationU ..................................................................................... 30 3.13U Policy RecommendationsU ..................................................................................... 30 References:U U ...................................................................................................... 31 CHAPTER 4 ACCESSU TO REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH INFORMATION AND SERVICES: TIME FOR A RIGHTS BASED APPROACH U 4.0U Background ...................................................................................................... 33U 4.1U U HumanU Rights and the Right to HealthU ...................................................................... 33 4.2.U Why a Rights-Based Approach?U ............................................................................... 33 4.3.U Reproductive RightsU ............................................................................................. 34 iii 4.5U Reproductive Health Situation of UgandaU ................................................................... 35 4.6U Access to RH Services by the Most-at Risk Population in UgandaU ........................................ 35 4.7U People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs)U ....................................................................... 40 4.8U ConclusionU ........................................................................................................ 40 4.9U Policy RecommendationsU ....................................................................................... 40 ReferencesU U ......................................................................................................... 42 CHAPTER 5 TAKINGU STOCK OF UGANDA’S RATIFIED CONVENTIONS ON GENDER, CULTURE AND HUMAN RIGHTS FOR POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT U 5.0U IntroductionU ...................................................................................................... 43 5.1U Major Conventions on Culture, Gender and Human Rights that Uganda has Ratified:U ............... 44 5.2U Existing Policies and how they are linked to the Ratified ConventionsU ................................. 45 5.3U Government Implementation of Ratified Conventions U ..................................................... 46 5.4U Women and the PEAPU ........................................................................................... 47 5.5U CRC Implementation in UgandaU ............................................................................... 49 ReferencesU U ........................................................................................................ 50 CHAPTERU 6:U THEU IMPACT OF CULTURAL BELIEFS AND PRACTICES ON POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN UGANDA U 6.0U IntroductionU ...................................................................................................... 52 6.1U Cultural Practices and Traditions among the Ik and the BatwaU .......................................... 52 6.2U Family and Social WelfareU ...................................................................................... 57 6.3.U Role of Media in the Promotion of Cultural Beliefs and PracticesU ....................................... 65 6.4U Impact of Existing Policies and Liberalization of CommunicationU ....................................... 65 6.5U Cultural Empowerment towards DevelopmentU .............................................................. 66 6.6U ConclusionU ........................................................................................................ 66 6.8U Policy RecommendationsU ....................................................................................... 66 ReferencesU U ........................................................................................................ 66 CHAPTERU 7 THEU CURRENT SITUATION OF WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION IN UGANDA:THE ROLE OF CULTURE, GENDER AND HUMAN RIGHTS 7.0U IntroductionU ...................................................................................................... 68 7.1U The Right to Water and
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