Issue 01 | March 2017

Fulbright Women in STEM and why they're so awesome

PLUS:

THAD KOUSSER: TRUISMS and the 2016 U.S. ELECTION

FANTASTIC WATER BEASTS [and where to find them] TIM BERRA ON HIS 47-YEAR FULBRIGHT CAREER

BEES & BIONICS: How honey bee research can teach us more about our own brains The Fulbright Program

8 12 The Fulbright Program is the flagship foreign exchange scholarship program of the United States of America, aimed at increasing binational collaboration, cultural understanding, and the exchange of ideas.

Born in the aftermath of WWII, the program was established by Senator J. William Fulbright in 1946 with the ethos of turning ‘swords into ploughshares’, whereby credits from the sale of surplus U.S. war materials were used to fund academic exchanges between host countries and the U.S. 28 30 Since its establishment, the Fulbright Program has grown to become the largest educational exchange program in the world, operating in over 160 countries. In its seventy-year history, more than 370,000 students, academics, and professionals have received Fulbright Scholarships to study, teach, or conduct research, and promote bilateral collaboration and cultural empathy.

Since its inception in Australia in 1949, the Fulbright Commission has awarded over 5,000 34 36 scholarships, creating a vibrant, dynamic, and interconnected network of Alumni.

Contents|

6 Fulbright Alumni Updates

8 Fulbright Women in STEM

12 Fantastic Water Beasts (and where to find them)

16 Jeremy Hearder: Diplomat, Author & Fulbright Scholar

20 Thalassography, Sarah Holland-Batt 2 3 "Our future is not in the stars but in 26 Multidisciplinary Approaches to Mental Health at Yale our own minds and hearts.

Creative leadership and liberal 28 The 2016 U.S. Presidential Election: A Surprisingly Unsurprising Result education, which in fact go together, are the first requirements for a 30 Fulbright & Kansas State University hopeful future for humankind.

Fostering these—leadership, 34 Planeterra Nullius: A Post-Apocalyptic Parable learning, and empathy between cultures—was and remains the 36 From Bees to Bionics purpose of the international scholarship program that I was privileged to sponsor in the U.S. Senate over forty years ago. "

Senator J. William Fulbright The Price of Empire A note from the Chairman A note from the Editor Peter de Cure Alex Maclaurin

As the newly elected Chair of the Australian-American Fulbright Commission Board of Directors, I Over the past eighteen months, my role at the While I wish I could share all of their stories, am very pleased to introduce Minds and Hearts - a new concept publication. Commission has brought me into contact with this publication and a lifetime of subsequent some of the most fascinating, talented, and editions could only ever tell but a chapter of Minds and Hearts illustrates the success of our Fulbright scholars and alumni. Their stories form inspirational individuals that I’ve ever had the the epic that Fulbrighters have written, and the pieces of a binational mosaic that has fostered cultural empathy for nearly seventy years. privilege of meeting. will continue to write, long into the future. We strive to harness this collective energy to create new opportunities for knowledge-exchange, facilitate a more engaged alumni network, connect the Commission with like-minded institutions, Australian and American Fulbright alumni I hope that by providing this platform and inspire a new generation of Fulbright Scholars. have built an exceptionally rich and diverse to showcase select scholar and alumni network over 68 years of binational exchange, stories, we can inspire others to follow in The Commission will continue to strengthen and broaden our catalogue of scholarship and even a brief exploration reveals countless their footsteps, and embark upon their own opportunities in 2017 with the help of our partners. Monash University and Deakin University have stories of success, collaboration, achievement, Fulbright journeys. both recently joined our family of Fulbright scholarship sponsors and will be working with us this friendship, generosity, serendipity, leadership, year to develop new programs for binational exchange. interconnectedness and cooperation. After all, as Senator Fulbright said, the future is not in the stars, but in our own minds As you read the stories within these pages, I encourage you to reflect on the impact the Fulbright and hearts. experience has had on our scholars and the impact our scholars have had on their individual disciplines. The Commission remains committed to the ideals of mutual understanding between Australia and the United States.

Alex Maclaurin Communications Officer/Commissioning Editor [email protected] Peter J. de Cure Chairman, Australian-American Fulbright Commission Board of Directors A note from the Executive Director Thomas Dougherty

Often I’ve been asked how the Fulbright Program stands out from other international exchange programs. There are many reasons, but the most significant difference in my opinion is the Fulbright Journey.

Fulbright scholars embark upon a journey across a lifetime of profound, career-transforming connections and experiences. We don’t just sponsor, we foster, encouraging lifelong learning and cooperation. In a sense, the scholars' journeys truly begin once the scholarship ends, and the seeds of collaboration begin to bear fruit. 4 5 Within this publication you will discover the impact of our investment in academic, creative, and professional excellence, and the breadth and diversity of disciplines that have flourished under Fulbright's auspices. We have curated a collection of ideas, aspirations, stories and creative works from our scholars and alumni, providing a glimpse at the minds and hearts of the Fulbright program.

The best way to tell the Fulbright story is to enable Fulbrighters to tell their individual stories. We hope you enjoy reading those stories in this inaugural issue of Minds and Hearts.

Thomas Dougherty Executive Director Australian-American Fulbright Commission Fulbright Alumni Updates

Stephane Shepherd, (2015, Swinburne University to University Steven Segal, of Nebraska-Lincoln and (1998, University of UCLA) presented a lecture California, Berkeley to David Hobbs, Sonya Lifschitz, (1992, on his Fulbright research University of Sydney) (2008, Flinders University Juniata College to entitled Assessing the delivered several lectures to Shriners Hospital for Queensland Conservatorium Needs of Indigenous Dr Peter Dean, across Melbourne and Children in Philadelphia) of Music) debuted her new People in Custody: looking (2014, Australian National Sydney in November Peter Coaldrake, two-time featured his award- venture, The Emerson Trio, beyond law and order at University to Georgetown 2016 via the Fulbright Fulbrighter (1980, 2001, winning accessible dedicated to the music of the University of Sydney, University) launched a new Alumni Initiative Grant. Queensland University gaming system at the 3rd American composers, at the November 2016. book in November 2016 The lectures followed on of Technology to George European Conference on Los Angeles County Museum based on his Fulbright from his previous Fulbright Washington University) Design4Health at Sheffield of Art which was held in research. Australia's research into mental health and former Chair of the Hallam University in July September 2016. American Alliance has policy, focusing on the Fulbright Commission 2016. Developed by a received praise from effectiveness of Community Board, released a new team of cross-institutional various high profile figures Treatment Orders. revised edition of his book, researchers and designers, including John Howard, Raising the Stakes in ‘OrbIT’ was designed former Australian Prime July 2016. specifically for people with Minister; and John Hamre, limited hand function, such President and CEO of CSIS as children with cerebral and former U.S. Deputy palsy. David's device was Secretary of Defence. also shortlisted for a 2016 National Disability Award.

Donna Coleman, (2001, Queensland 6 Conservatorium of Music to 7 Johns Hopkins University) Sarah Holland-Batt, directed and performed (2010, University of at Cosmic Mechanics; Queensland to New Michelle Deshong, a celebration of fellow York University) won the (2015, James Cook Stuart Cunningham, Fulbrighter George Council of Humanities, University to University of (2014, Queensland Crumb's Makrokosmos at Krysten Keches, Arts and Social Sciences Arizona) was appointed as University of Technology to the Australian National (2010, Harvard University 2016 Australia Future CEO of the new Australian University of California) led Academy of Music in to Australian National Leader Prize, and the Indigenous Governance a panel discussion at the October 2016. University) hosted a harp Prime Minister's Literary Institute at the Australian CreateX Festival held for Marvin Brown, master class and featured Award for poetry for her National University in the public opening of QUT’s (1977, Brown University to in the Berkshire Symphony recent publication, December 2016. expansion of its Creative University of Melbourne) in Chapin Hall on the The Hazards. Industries Precinct in exhibited some of his Williams College campus August 2016. recent works at Chromatic in November 2016. Space in the Shirley Fiterman Art Center, New York from September to November 2016. FulbrightN Women in STEM

A November 2016 report from the office of Australia's Chief Scientist, Dr Alan Finkel, concluded that "false perceptions about women’s aptitude, interest and experience in the STEM fields (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) are holding back progress in science, and society." The paper addressed four common misconceptions, including the myth that women are generally disinterested in careers in engineering and physics, with research suggesting that, in fact, participation in the sciences actually increases in open and inclusive cultural environments.

We spoke to three talented Fulbright-sponsored scientists to find out about their experiences as women in STEM, and their thoughts on the challenges contributing to gender imbalance in the sciences.

Mary Ajamian | 2015 Postgraduate | Columbia University Monash University/The Alfred Hospital

I’ve come to the Monash As part of my Fulbright I thought I was only being University Department experience, it has been very realistic with my decision, but of Gastroenterology in fulfilling to continue research I eventually realized that it Melbourne, Australia from that I started in my MS program was mainly based on anxiety Columbia University in New at Columbia University and and fear, and was barring me York, New York to research gain new perspectives from from a promising future of the neurological and my current mentors and utilizing my skills and talents. behavioural effects colleagues here in Australia. I am very grateful to say that associated with gluten all roads eventually led intolerance and explore the At one point in my path as a back to the one that I am brain-gut connection. medical researcher, I’ve been currently on. in the situation of attempting In this respect, I believe It was a great leap of faith to As part of my Fulbright to leave STEM because of what I realized that fear or anxiety that women should not be continue my work in STEM, experience, I’ve found a I thought was a bleak future, is never a good reason to quit. deterred from entering and especially in a country where phenomenal community especially when it came to Even though the road would progressing in STEM if they I did not have any close of supportive mentors, perceived work-life balance likely be paved with challenge know that it is the path for connections upon arrival. colleagues, and friends, and with a future family as well as and sacrifice, I knew that them. Limiting beliefs about However, my time here in for this I am truly grateful. job security. returning to STEM was the themselves or their futures Australia has been one of my right one for me to take. should not influence best experiences to date. their decision. Each step of the way, my The reality is that there’s current mentors as well as a lot to work on from an the Australian-American institutional and individual Fulbright Commission have level to support women in been unendingly supportive 8 STEM, though positive change of my research and 9 cannot occur if women cease professional development. to be involved.

Even though the road would likely be paved with challenge and sacrifice, I knew that returning to STEM was the right one for me to take. ” - (continued from p9) +

+

- Ursula Salmon | 2016 Professional (ANSTO) | 4He The University of Western Australia Stanford University

My Fulbright project is about My Fulbright host, Prof. using naturally occurring Steven Gorelick at Stanford, isotopes to improve was himself a Fulbright groundwater models, in the scholar; he invited me to his interests of sustainable lab to continue the work, and resource management. suggested I apply for the scholarship. Groundwater often has multiple, conflicting uses, I always knew I wanted Shruti Gujaran | 2016 Postgraduate | for example, until recently to work with solving University of Maryland University of melbourne groundwater was the main environmental problems; water source for drinking as “Engineers make things water, industry, and happen”, studying Even just one year ago, I would never have Moreover, I have had the opportunity to learn agriculture for Perth, but (bio)chemical engineering imagined myself living and working in Australia. more about Australian culture through my the system also supports and taking the environmental And never in my wildest dreams did I think that volunteer position at the Indigenous Hospitality groundwater-dependent major seemed like a good I would be traveling to Melbourne as a Fulbright House. Here, I’ve met people with ties to the ecosystems in a region known start. The undergraduate Scholar studying antibiotic drug resistance. Australian Indigenous culture, as well as people to be a global biodiversity classes were around 50% who know about the strife that the aboriginal hotspot. A drying climate is girls. I can’t remember ever Just in the last few months, my Fulbright population has had to endure. also contributing to dropping feeling that being a girl was grant has challenged, humbled, and inspired water tables. a disadvantage; I respect me. Through the confrontation of my personal My brief introduction to Australian life and preconceived notions through research, culture has often caused me to reflect on my people who work hard and Going into research also volunteer activities, and education about own place within American culture. Numerical models are are good at what they do, and cured my tendency to Australian culture, my Fulbright grant has typically used for managing certainly among people of automatically give the allowed me to develop into a better educated and As a scientist, I was fortunate enough to go to groundwater resources, my generation and younger, benefit of the doubt to people socially aware individual. an incredibly STEM-oriented undergraduate however model predictions I have never felt I couldn’t speaking with confidence. are often uncertain, due to receive that same respect. institution, train with experienced researchers, factors such as the need to Hearing “experts” talk with During my Fulbright grant year, I am using and learn from highly educated professors. estimate the properties of However even with no great certainty, when I was a bioinformatic approach to understand However, there has always been a dissonance large, inaccessible aquifers external barriers put in our sure they had their facts the mechanisms of resistance in Klebsiella with my feelings as a scientist of my gender. (e.g., >100km wide, way, one challenge girls wrong or were bluffing (or in pneumoniae; the bacteria most implicated in Within this field, I used to only see men in roles >4km deep). have is ourselves. In my some cases, both!) helped deadly hospital-acquired infections. A circulating of supervision during my time as a student, with experience, we are often open my eyes to how the theory suggests that K. pneumoniae have very few women scattered among them. Because Isotopes such as radiocarbon much more cautious than world works. This insight adapted novel resistance mechanisms through I saw so few women in these roles, I believe that (C14) act as “clocks” that our male counterparts, and has relevance well beyond the sharing of bacterial DNA between strains, a sense of competition with my female peers provide information on the less likely to “have a go” if the sphere of environmental even without environmental pressures (e.g. for these coveted spots was inculcated within age of the groundwater, which unsure. If you haven’t tried, engineering. antibiotics). As a result, my research focuses on me. However, as I continued my education. I helps reduce some of the you aren’t even in the running the physical structures bacteria can take, called saw more and more brilliant women in roles inherent uncertainty. In an to succeed. I hope that this Fulbright biofilms, as well as their effects on their hosts in as deans, department chairs, and primary earlier project, I developed opportunity to tell people a hospital setting. By counteracting the bacteria’s investigators. Women recognized for their talent, a method to incorporate C14 There’s no question that our about my work will help ability to take its most deadly form as biofilm, and not to fill a quota. Furthermore, my Fulbright 10 into models, which allows approach also results in good anyone who is similarly myself and other researchers hope to make such grant has connected me with both STEM and 11 direct comparison with field science, or even better work motivated to step up to the illnesses easier to treat. non-STEM women all over Melbourne. measurements. in some cases, as we are good plate for environmental at listening and incorporating engineering. We’re faced In addition to my research, I have been fortunate As I continue my path to medicine, I remind For the Fulbright project, new information, and our with a lot of environmental enough to pursue my own medical aspirations myself that it is not women I should be I will incorporate a second caution often makes us and resource challenges, and by shadowing infectious disease physicians competing with, but a system that had isotope (Helium 4) to make very thorough. need all the good brains we at the Alfred Hospital, a premier location for historically preferred one gender over another. the models more reliable. can get. the diagnosis and treatment of a multitude of However, time and education is causing a As groundwater recharge infectious disease patients. The juxtaposition of shift towards a more equal balance. Through depends on climate, the same my time in the research lab and my time at the organizations like Fulbright, women scientists models may give us new hospital has allowed me to create a more well- are better able to learn and adapt within an ever insights into past rounded view of medicine, and the ways in which changing global community, and become leaders climate variability. physicians can become more trans-departmental worldwide. to benefit patients. Through organizations like Fulbright, women scientists are better able to learn and adapt within an ever changing global community, and “ become leaders worldwide. 6 5 At various times in 1986 This 5-metre, 690 kilogram through 1989 I was Research beast was unknown until 1976. Associate at the Western A specimen washed up at Australian Museum in Perth Mandurah, WA in 1988 (Fig. 5). working out the life cycle of the salamanderfish, How do you pickle something Lepidogalaxias salamandroides, this big? We ended up whose scientific name is digging a hole in sand, larger than the fish. lining it with swimming pool liner, fabricating a 1m long This small fish lives in room- syringe from a pipe and size pools in the SW corner garden sprayer, injecting of WA. During the heat of the the shark with concentrated 3B summer, the pools evaporate. formalin and filling the hole Where are the fish? By bringing with formalin and water. a fire truck into the field and The specimen is perfectly releasing 2,700 liters of water preserved and viewable into a dry pool, I was able to today at the WA Museum. At bring them to the surface. least 104 specimens are now 1A Instant fish, just add water! known, but ours was I also dug them up with a Number three. shovel as they retreated to the groundwater table and During my WA Museum lay below the surface on the days, I also had my one and saturated sand until rains come. only experience as a male In the lab I learned that they can model (Fig. 6). Hollywood Fantastic Water Beasts and where to find them 1B bend their neck (Fig. 4). never called. Academy & Emeritus Professor Tim Berra This is remarkable because All of this field work in fish do not have “necks”, Australia enabled me to write however their vertebrae are a book with 200 of my color I’ve made a 47-year career I studied the differences By repeated collecting widely spaced which allows a photographs entitled A Natural out of studying weird between Murray cod and trout throughout the year, I figured great deal of flexibility, hence History of Australia, which was Australian fishes, and this cod, established that they out that this species spawns the name salamanderfish for co-published by the University was made possible by the were two separate species, in fresh water, the young are the way they wiggle. of NSW Press and Academic Fulbright program. and sorted out their scientific swept downstream by the Press. My modeling career names within the genus current to brackish water, While in WA I became ended up as the author photo I’m a bit peculiar myself Maccullochella (Fig. 1 A & B). and juveniles then return to involved in the recovery on the back cover. in that I have had three fresh water after a 6-month and preservation of the Fulbrights, each of a From ANU I accepted a growth period in brackish third known specimen different category. position at the newly created water. I also identified the of megamouth shark, University of Papua New substance in their skin that Megachasma pelagios. It all began in 1969 when I Guinea in 1971 where I causes them to smell like finished my Ph.D. in Biology worked on fishes of a jungle cucumbers. It is, in fact, the at Tulane University in New I became involved river system and taught same molecule that is Orleans and then received 12 genetics and evolution to in cucumbers. 2A in the recovery 13 a Fulbright Postdoctoral students newly emerged from Scholar award to the a Stone Age culture While netting for grayling, I of the third Australian National University (Fig. 2 A & B). also caught and released 29 known specimen (ANU) in Canberra. platypus including one with a In 1979 I was awarded a CSIRO tag. (Fig. 3 A & B). of megamouth During this postdoc I Fulbright Senior Research covered over 160,000 km Fellowship to Monash shark...This on field trips throughout the University in Melbourne 2B 3A Murray-Darling River system where I worked out the life five-metre, 690 of eastern Australia. history of the Australian kilogram beast grayling, Prototroctes maraena, in the Tambo River was unknown of Gippsland, Victoria. until 1976. ” 4 7

In between trips to Australia, 8A In 2009 Charles Darwin This led to several scientific I was able to present the I, of course, work on stream University sponsored papers on a genetic analysis Australian Ambassador, the fishes in Ohio. I’ve been at The the Darwin Symposium of the Darwin/Wedgwood Honorable Kim Beazley, with Ohio State University since to celebrate the 200th consanguineous marriage. two of my publications (Fig. 1972 and continue there today anniversary of the birth of 12). He replied, as Academy Professor. I’ve Charles Darwin. I was invited The Darwin’s Children compared the fish populations as keynote speaker because book was dedicated to the “Fulbright functions are of pristine and heavy metal I had just published a book, Fulbright Program for its the only event where I leave polluted headwater streams Charles Darwin: The Concise influence on my career. with a library. Now if you will of the Ohio River system. The 8b Story of an Extraordinary Man. excuse me, I must go eat for As a three-time Fulbrighter, Australia.” unpolluted stream has 44 I was invited to the Australian species of fishes; the polluted A Fulbright Senior Specialist Award made this visit Embassy in Washington, It’s been a hell of a ride. As stream has eight pollution– th possible. It also lead to me DC in 2014 for the 65 you can see, one thing leads tolerant species. I’ve also anniversary of the Australian- to another, and it all began carried out a 28-year-long 9A being appointed University Professorial Fellow at CDU American Fulbright and was nourished by the study of the same 300 m Commission. A quote from Fulbright program. stretch of headwater stream and enabled me to do more nurseryfish field work. me was used in the poster for on my property. It has this commemoration "So long, remained healthy and species The Darwin book stimulated (Fig. 11). and thanks for all the fish." composition is unchanged my interest in Darwin’s family (Fig. 7). and resulted in a second book, Field work in Australia has Darwin & His Children: His led to visiting professorships Other Legacy (Fig. 10 A & B). in Chile (University of Concepcion 1992) and New Zealand (University of 9B 9C Otago 1996) because these areas share the Southern Hemisphere fish family, Galaxiidae, with Australia.

By collecting Galaxias maculatus (Fig. 8 A & B) throughout the Southern Hemisphere I was able to show gene flow among the disjunct populations. This is due to salt-tolerant larvae drifting on ocean currents which provides enough gene I owe my career to the flow to prevent speciation. The river is rich with huge We have learned that salt-water crocodiles, nurseryfish are euryhaline, Fulbright program. This also explains that their Crocodylus porosus, that leap live up to four years of age, The exchange 10A 10B distribution in western and out of the water and is home eat prawns, insects and absolutely fosters 14 eastern Australia, New to the “jumping crocodile” fishes, have very little genetic 15 Zealand, and South America tours. The Adelaide River variation, spawn June- mutual understanding is due to dispersal rather than can have an 8-metre tidal January in salinity 14-0.5 ppt, vicarience (continental drift). variation between high and and much more. However, a between the U.S. low tides. All of this makes lifetime of study remains to and Australia. It In 2001 I began a study of field work stimulating. be done on this species before shows that the way nurseryfish, Kurtus gulliveri, we can answer all the in the Adelaide River of the questions about its biology. things are done in Northern Territory (Fig. 9 A, B, C). The males of this Such as, what does it do in the the U.S. is not the bizarre species carry the eggs Wet season? only way of doing on a hook on their head like a 12 bunch of grapes. things. It makes one realize that different 11 is not inferior, and sometimes, different is superior. ” Fulbright Alumni Archives A "I also received some "I took off next day in a "Of the nine postings that we Jeremy Hearder: extraordinary hospitality. Beechcraft, with two pilots, had, Zimbabwe stands out for One special example occurred but we had to land soon after a number of reasons. Being Diplomat, Author, and Fulbright Scholar (1960) when I embarked on 6 weeks of takeoff as the radio was not there in the first four years travel around the States, before working. The pilots called back of independence was a time In spite of the image of "This later proved invaluable, returning home. I started at a to Little Rock, and another when, for a new country, things ambassadors living an given Australia’s close foreign students’ conference plane with two more pilots was went well, and it was only years elegant and easy lifestyle, bilateral relationship, and the at Williamsburg, Virginia, sent out. This one was a ten after we had left that sadly, the majority of ambassadors numerous Americans whom which was sponsored by one of seater, with four engines. things went so badly. whom the author has met have I came across, while serving America’s wealthiest families, "The first two pilots came along "Somehow the Hearder family been typically modest and abroad as a diplomat. the Rockefellers, with Winthrop for the ride, and my friend at frequently had very short unpretentious to the extent Rockefeller in attendance. Cherokee, Oklahoma, was very notice of a move, and so it that the old grandiose image is "That year in America also "At one point in the impressed by my mode was with Zimbabwe. I had no longer true - if it ever were. brought home to me the value of getting to know a people proceedings I responded to a of arrival." three quick weeks briefing in One example is Jeremy in their own surroundings, comment about the level of Canberra, then left, leaving What does it mean to be an Hearder, Fulbright Traveling being better able to interest shown by American Kay to pack, sell the car, and Ambassador? Scholar (and Rotary understand their outlook, and Jeremy (second from right) with other students in their politics. I leave our two older children in foreign students in 1959 cannot remember what I boarding schools. Foundation Fellow) during their great qualities. And it "The main functions for an 1959-60. Afterwards in the was a further benefit to be said, but soon afterwards I "The library resources for Australian diplomatic mission "There was a special newness: course of 38 years’ service able to view the U.S. from the was tapped on the shoulder historical study were fantastic. in another country are to the foreign diplomats were new up to 1996 as an Australian campus of one of the greatest by the personal assistant of I was encouraged to do my represent Australia, to protect of course, but so were so many diplomat, he was assigned universities, Stanford." Mrs Jeanette Rockefeller, who thesis on the aviator Charles our interests and our nationals locals who came back after to missions abroad in Laos, invited me to lunch with her. Lindbergh and his role among there, to conduct negotiations, years spent overseas, often Tanzania, Thailand, Kenya, What was your experience of isolationists attempting to "She was very nice, and at the to report on the local scene with higher degrees from the Belgium and New Zealand. He Stanford University? keep the U.S. out of the Second end of the lunch she wrote to Canberra, and to promote best universities abroad. We was also Head of Mission (i.e. "There was so much World War. down for me the telephone friendly relations. shared the process of settling Ambassador) in Zimbabwe, opportunity of all sorts. For number and address of in, for example we lent our and then in Fiji, and Consul- "In brief the role of an example a dazzling list of "This subject was instructive their home near Little Rock, vacuum cleaner to the Minister General in Chicago. ambassador is to encourage visiting speakers included both on several levels, not least Arkansas, and invited me to of Finance! on the attitude at the time of and help the Mission staff Understated and unassuming, Vice President Nixon and then visit if I was in the area. so many Americans towards in doing all this, and to be "Australia had a special Hearder’s mild demeanour Senator J.F. Kennedy, later the Europe, wanting to avoid "A few weeks later I called personally involved in all the standing with the new and enigmatic smile belie a endorsed candidates for the involvement in problems of the the number, and who should more important aspects, Government because of razor-sharp analytical mind, presidential elections in 1960. Old World." answer the phone but Winthrop especially those at high level. the role Prime Minister honed by decades of service to Rockefeller himself. He Malcolm Fraser had played in Australian foreign relations. "An ambassador takes ultimate What were some standout gallantly claimed to remember helping the country achieve responsibility for the mission, experiences from your time in who I was, and when I told a cease-fire, elections and We asked Jeremy to reflect on the U.S.? its work and its welfare. his time as a Fulbright Scholar, him that his wife had invited independence. a diplomat, and an author. me to visit, and that I would be "Over the years the importance "I was lucky to have the "Our aid programme was small arriving by train the following for ambassadors of public experience of living on compared with many others, What first prompted you to apply day, he said he would send one speaking has vastly increased campus, simply because but it made an impact, for for a Fulbright Scholarship? of his pilots to meet me and fly and I found that the speaking at the start of the year one example by having over 200 me up to his ranch. opportunities that I had in my "I studied American history fraternity house still lacked Australian secondary school 16 year in the U.S. were invaluable 17 in my final year at Melbourne a resident adviser, a post "His house was beautiful, teachers working in schools preparation. Similarly University, became fascinated which I was happy to fill. This with a 180 degree view of throughout the country." important is getting the feel of with it, and applied when the enabled me to get to know Arkansas. It was a special time, a country, and I think I did begin opportunity came, hoping to well about 60 young American approaching the Republican to get some feel for the U.S. learn more. men from all parts of the U.S. National Convention. Winthrop Rockefeller was waiting to hear "Right from my first "A fundamental benefit for me whether his brother Nelson arrival I was treated with at age 22, after graduating, planned to run against Nixon great kindness by many was to learn at first hand for the Republican candidacy. people, notably some about the United States, which After a few days there, I told Stanford alumni. at that time few Australians my host that I should move on had the opportunity to do. to Oklahoma. He replied that it would probably be simplest if he flew me there.

Stanford campus life (ca 1960) PACE Photos by Jones-Ansel Adams Jeremy (right) with his father at graduation You wrote the highly regarded biography of In your opinion, what does Australia need in the Sir James Plimsoll (Jim Plim Ambassador next generation of diplomats? Extraordinary), which took 17 years. What motivated you to write his story? "Over the years there have been vast improvements in communications and "One reason was that I do not think there is a technology. But the work remains just as sufficient understanding of what ambassadors fascinating as ever, and the essentials of being actually do, and that Plimsoll's story might a diplomat have changed little. help. Jim Plim did extraordinary things in his career - as an ambassador he not only "The next generation of diplomats will need managed to establish trust and respect of to bring to bear much the same qualities and important local people, but such people would talents as predecessors like Plimsoll. Working actually approach him for advice. effectively with people will remain central, while being calm under pressure, adaptable, "His standing in Washington D.C. was and maintaining a good work-life balance will established as far back as his time in Korea in be just as important as they have always been. 1950-52, a tense time during the Cold War, for the influence that he was able to exert with the "There is a much greater expectation that Jeremy (right) with the Spears family, who offered him support and hospitality during his time in the U.S. despotic President Syngman Rhee of diplomats learn the local language of a South Korea. country: this is much easier to do if there is time for language training before arrival." "One night, at a time when things were going badly in the Korean War, Plimsoll was informed that Rhee was fleeing the country. Still in his pyjamas Plimsoll pursued the President to the airport, and persuaded him to remain. Jeremy and his wife, Dr Kay Hearder, have five children and six grandchildren, and they are "Plimsoll had some unusual talents, including foster carers. Jeremy has been working part a photographic memory. He could speak on time in the Department of Foreign Affairs and complex subjects without notes and he Trade in Canberra, for example contributing gained the confidence and respect of the to publications about the history of most senior Australian ministers, notably Sir Australian diplomacy. Robert Menzies. Their daughter, Dr Rosalind Hearder, is a "In 1962 just before a debate about Rhodesia military historian. Her doctorate on the role of in the UN General Assembly, Plimsoll as Australian doctors in Japanese captivity during Ambassador there felt he needed guidance the War was published as Keep the Men Alive. from Canberra about what to say. Rosalind followed in her father's footsteps, "Menzies was visiting New York, and several taking up a Fulbright Postdoctoral Fellowship times Plimsoll tried to get his advice, but in 2006 at the University of Wisconsin Menzies declined. Finally as the Prime Minister (Madison). She is now a member of the was boarding the plane to return home, Australian Fulbright Alumni Association Plimsoll repeated his request for guidance Executive, and she works at the Department about Rhodesia. Menzies slapped him on the of Veterans Affairs as an Assistant Director of back and said, Private Hospitals. 18 19 ‘My boy, I’m glad it’s you making the speech and not me.'

"That was the level of confidence he had in Stanford campus life (ca 1960) PACE Photos by Jones-Ansel Adams Plimsoll’s judgment."

Stanford campus life (ca 1960) PACE Photos by Jones-Ansel Adams

Jim Plim: Ambassador Extraordinary by Jeremy Hearder Jeremy with his daughter, Dr Rosalind Hearder Thalassography Sarah Holland-Batt | 2010 Postgraduate By Sarah Holland-Batt University of Queensland New York University

Sarah Holland-Batt is a Senior Lecturer in Creative Writing and I have known these estuaries — Literary Studies at Queensland the channels and canals, the backwaters University of Technology, and an that flush and eddy to the Pacific, award-winning poet, editor and critic.

I have skimmed that muddied slurry, Educated at New York University felt the nip in the throat and the University of Queensland, where the salt in the air is the salt of the coast, she is the recipient of the prestigious W.G. Walker Memorial Fulbright I have tacked where the tide is incomplete: Scholarship, fellowships at Yaddo no rollers and breakers, and MacDowell colonies in the United only an ebb that rocks the wayfarers — States, the Marten Bequest Travelling Scholarship, an Asialink Literature a rush of silver, the gavel-smack of mullet residency in Japan, and an Australia in the night, mud crabs elbowing Council Literature Residency at the denwards under concrete slabs of boat B.R. Whiting Studio in Rome, among ramps — other honours.

I have stalked where herons stilt and spear The book that Sarah wrote during baitfish in green afternoons, her 2010 Fulbright Scholarship, The cast crab pots in loose analemmas Hazards, won the 2016 Australian Prime Minister’s Literary Award to watch the black sonar spread, for poetry. tracked prawn trawlers on the broadwater crawling back in the lavender dawn

then sat at the jetty’s edge and shucked those tiger shells, cast sucked heads back into the dark,

crushed mussel shell underfoot for the burn of sharpened chitin, stepped where stingrays wallow and idle,

shuffling their barbs, waiting to strike. I have spent half my life in low tide — nights where I have not known

if I am contracting or dragging out again, where the movement of the water 20 is the movement of my mind — 21 unending comings and goings of sounds and narrows, those entry points to my two continents — and my history

is the history of currents: a canal small enough to catch a childhood in its net, water vast enough to divide a life.

First published in Poetry, May 2016

New Fulbright awardees

2016 U.S. Distinguished Chairs 2016 U.S. Senior Scholars

2016 Fulbright Distinguished Chair in Science, Technology and Innovation Gregory Alexander, PhD, RN, FAAN | University of Missouri Sinclair Macquarie University | (Sponsored by CSIRO) Clinical Informatics Benny Freeman, PhD | University of Texas at Austin CSIRO | Manufacturing in Membrane Materials Professor Patricia Aufderheide | American University Queensland University of Technology | Communication in Communication Policy

2016 Fulbright Distinguished Chair in Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences Professor Derek Bailey | New Mexico State University The University of New England | (Sponsored by the Australian National University) Precision Agriculture in Livestock Valerie Hudson, PhD | Texas A&M University ANU | International Affairs in Foreign Policy, Women, Peace, and Security Hillary Haldane, PhD | Quinnipiac University Central Queensland University | Anthropology

2016 Fulbright Distinguished Chair in Cultural Competence Bradley Zebrack PhD, MSW, MPH | University of Michigan CanTeen Australia | (Sponsored by the National Centre for Cultural Competence, The University of Sydney) Social Work in Oncology Yolanda Moses, PhD | UC Riverside NCCC | Anthropology

2016 Fulbright Distinguished Chair in Advanced Science and Technology (Sponsored by the Australian Government, Defence Science and Technology Group) Angus Rupert MD, PhD | U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory DST Group | 2016 U.S. Postgraduate Students Tactile Cueing Technologies

Millicent Cripe | Yale University University of Sydney | 2016 Fulbright Distinguished Chair in Applied Public Policy Health Sociology (Sponsored by Flinders University and Carnegie Mellon University Australia) David Stoesz, PhD | Kean University Flinders University | Travis Franks | Arizona State University The University of Queensland | Social Policy Australian Studies, Literature and Cultural Studies Raechel French | Stantec Architecture University of Melbourne | Education in Learning Environments

Shruti Gujaran | University of Maryland University of Melbourne | Microbiology & Immunology

Sean Reilly | Santa Clara University The Djunbunji Land and Sea Program | Environmental Science

Gideon Singer | Purdue University Central Queensland University | Human, Health and Social Sciences 22 23 2016 Fulbright Anne Wexler Scholar in Public Policy Sponsored by the Australian Government, Department of Education and Training Sophie Hollingsworth | New York University The University of Sydney | Public Health in Health Security 2017 Australian Distinguished Chair 2017 Australian Postdoctoral Scholars

2017 Fulbright Distinguished Chair in Agrculture and Life Sciences 2017 Fulbright RMIT Postdoctoral Scholar (Sponsored by Kansas State University) (Sponsored by RMIT University) Dr Brett Summerell | Royal Botanic Gardens/Domain Trust Sydney Kansas State University | Dr Louise Byrne | Central Queensland University Yale University | Public Health Agriculture 2017 Fulbright Victoria Postdoctoral Scholar Dr Gwilym Croucher | The University of Melbourne University of California, Berkeley | Public Policy

2017 Fulbright New South Wales Postdoctoral Scholar 2017 Australian Senior Scholars Flavia Di Pietro | The University of Sydney Cincinnati Children's Hospital | Neuroscience

Professor Margaret Barrett | The University of Queensland University of Washington | Music Education 2017 Fulbright Indigenous Postdoctoral Scholar (Sponsored by the Australian Government, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet) 2017 Fulbright Northern Territory Senior Scholar Dr Stephanie Gilbert | The University of Newcastle University of California Santa Cruz | History Professor Tim Carey | Flinders University / Charles Darwin University Antioch University | Allied Health Dr Claire Higgins | The University of New South Wales Georgetown University | History 2017 Fulbright Tasmania Senior Scholar Dr Menna Jones | University of Tasmania Oregon State University| Environmental Sciences 2017 Fulbright Western Australia Postdoctoral Scholar Dr Simon O'Rourke | Western Australia Police Harvard University | Public Administration 2017 Fulbright Senior Scholar (Sponsored by Kansas State University) Dr Patrick Kilby | Australian National University Kansas State University | Political Science Andrew Pomeroy | The University of Western Australia U.S. Geological Survey | Oceanography

Professor Timothy Mehigan | The University of Queensland University of Chicago | Humanities / Literature

Dr Todd Oliynyk | Monash University Princeton University | Mathematics

2017 Australian Postgraduate Students 2017 Aus Professional Scholars Pearse Buchanan | University of Tasmania Princeton University | Oceanography

2017 Fulbright Professional Scholar in Non-Profit Leadership Grace Chipperfield | Flinders University The University of Texas at Austin | Literature, Creative Writing (Sponsored by the Origin Foundation and supported by the Australian Scholarships Foundation) Professor Matthew Clarke | Deakin University Save the Children USA | Economics / Development Studies 2017 Fulbright South Australia Postgraduate Student Jody Fisher | Flinders University Northeastern University | Applied Mathematics 2017 Fulbright Professional Scholar in Australia-United States Alliance Studies (Sponsored by the Australian Government, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade) 2017 Fulbright Western Australia Postgraduate Student Dr Stephan Fruehling | Australian National University Georgetown University | International Relations Simon Jankowski | The University of Western Australia Desert Research Institute, Nevada (TBC) | Environmental Sciences Judge Paul Howard | Federal Circuit Court Australia Federal Judicial Centre | Law Marryum Kahloon | Bond University Harvard University (TBC) | Law 2017 Fulbright Professional Coral Sea Scholar Dr Simon Humphreys | Invasive Animals Ltd United States Department of Agriculture | Agriculture Victoria Reynolds | The University of Queensland Emory University | Environmental Sciences 24 25 2017 Fulbright Professional Scholar in Vocational Education and Training 2017 Fulbright Australian Capital Territory Postgraduate Student (Sponsored by the Australian Government, Department of Education and Training) (Sponsored by the ACT Government) Dr Belinda Russon | Tranby National Indigenous Adult Education & Training Dartmouth College | Education Jessa Rogers | Australian National University Harvard University | Cultural Anthropology

Dr Peter Stanwell | University of Newcastle Brigham and Women's Hospital | Medical Sciences 2017 Fulbright Queensland Postgraduate Student Michelle Rourke | Griffith University Georgetown | Law

Eddy Thientosapol | The University of Sydney The Rockefeller University | Medical Sciences 2017 Fulbright Scholar-in-Residence 2017 Fulbright Indigenous Postgraduate Student (Sponsored by the Australian Government, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet) James Riggall | Bitlink Bellevue College | Information Technology Alison Whittaker | University of Technology Sydney Harvard University (TBC) | Law

2017 Fulbright Anne Wexler Scholar in Public Policy (Sponsored by the Australian Government, Department of Education and Training) Arjun Bisen | University of Technology Sydney Harvard University (TBC) | Public Administration Multidisciplinary approaches to Mental Health at Yale Dr Gayle Maloney | 2015 W.A. Postdoctoral | Psychological Wellness Centre Yale University

As a Fulbright scholar, Gayle Sterling Hall of Medicine, Yale University collaborated on a research program with one of the leading experts in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), A/Professor Christopher Pittenger at the Yale OCD Research clinic from July to November 2015.

Her research focussed on combining an adjunct clinical component with established practices whilst utilising Yale’s neuroimaging technology, in order to expand the scientific evidence base for new OCD treatments.

What has the Fulbright "This in turn provided me with "It has also enhanced my What advice would you give to experience meant to you? the opportunity to enhance my career opportunities by being any prospective applicants? research skills, and combine appointed to an Assistant "The Fulbright name opened my clinical expertise with the Clinical Professor in the "Before applying, try to the door to be able to work more biological/psychiatric department of Psychiatry identify organisations or at Yale University, and knowledge at Yale clinic. at Yale, which will hopefully individuals that are world- consequently to learn from create opportunities for leaders in the field that you world-renowned researchers "The scholarship enabled longer-term collaborations to are most passionate about. in OCD. me to tailor-make an assist OCD sufferers. ideal program to suit my "Make contact with that professional development "The experience has also individual to introduce needs at this mid-stage point highlighted many cultural yourself and explain a little in my career. differences and similarities about your desire to work between the U.S. and with them; your ability to "I was able to experience Australia in a way that only reciprocate; and whether they working at a prestigious Ivy living in another country could would be willing to invite you League university; reciprocate afford and has enhanced my if you were successful in your by sharing my clinical gratitude in kind." Fulbright application. experience with the research team; and also receive "If you have someone who specialized training that is extends an invitation, then not available in Australia from identify what would be 26 dedicated OCD organisations." your ideal professional 27 development program and How has the Fulbright write your Fulbright proposal Scholarship impacted upon to reflect this." your life?

"The Fulbright scholarship has impacted upon my life by facilitating an opportunity to open a dedicated private OCD clinic that will provide a much-needed service to the Western Australian community. Sheffield Sterling Strathcona Hall, Yale University Images - Michael Marsland

Sterling Memorial Library, Yale Univeristy The 2016 U.S. Presidential Election: A surprisingly unsurprising result Thad Kousser | 2014 Distinguished Chair in American Political Science

by Professor Thad Kousser U.C. San Diego Flinders University 0 Thad is a Professor and Department Chair of Political Science at the For those around the world First, in the words of Second, we know, from University of California San Diego. who watched America’s Bill Clinton’s 1992 history, how tremendously 2016 presidential election, it campaign advisors, difficult it is for one party to He used his Fulbright-Flinders Distinguished Chair scholarship to was clear that this historic, stay in power for more than trace the evolving partisan polarization of environmental politics, and to continually shocking race it’s the economy, stupid. eight years. evaluate its impact on policymaking. was contested by One of the strongest predictors extraordinary candidates. Just as Americans voted for of presidential election results Barack Obama’s hope and But perhaps the biggest in November is the American change after two terms of surprise is that, sifting economy’s growth rate in Republican rule under George through that data underlying the spring. W. Bush, fatigue with Donald Trump’s come-from- Democratic Party leadership With the economy still behind victory, it turned out to stacked the deck against Another truism of presidential elections was But, according to exit polls, Hillary Clinton sputtering its way out of the be quite an ordinary election. Obama’s chosen heir. confirmed this year. polled one percentage point worse among global recession, Donald white voters, and five to eight points worse Throughout Trump’s journey Trump’s frankly stated Many statistical models Democrats win when they cobble together among the major racial and ethnic groups. from reality TV star to fringe critique of all that was still published by political strong supermajorities of minority voters; candidate to primary front- going wrong for the American scientists well in advance of Republicans triumph when they consolidate This was a traditional recipe for a Republican runner to general election worker resonated across the the election predicted, based the white vote. victory, even one by the least traditional underdog, he upended much “rustbelt” from Pennsylvania on these two factors, a Republican in modern history. of the conventional wisdom to Ohio to Wisconsin. Trump victory. The Obama coalition brought together so many about American politics. African-American, Latino, and Asian-American Most political scientists voters that he could afford to perform more Yet his route to victory turned refused to believe our own poorly among white voters, in 2012, than any out to be quite conventional. models, because the image of candidate since Michael Dukakis, winning only Decades of research on a President Trump seemed so 39% of this group. presidential elections have far from plausibility, but the taught us two clear lessons. models turned out to be right.

This was a 28 traditional 29 recipe for a Republican victory, even one by the least traditional Republican in modern history ” Image: Kansas State University Photo Services

Image: Kansas State University Photo Services Professor John Leslie

"Former U.S. ambassador "We have benefited from the "Both the fungi and the Jeffrey Bleich agreed strongly visits of a number of diverse compounds they produce are with that sentiment and was academics enriching our the subject of many national instrumental in supporting department seminar series and and international regulations Fulbright and Kansas State University the proposal that led to the developing new approaches that are designed to limit the partnership. As a university to problems. K-State faculty are spread of these organisms, From one Oz to another though, we did not want to limit now quite excited when they get usually in commercial Fulbright visitors to a single, the chance to host a Fulbright food products. albeit quite broad, area of study. Oz to Oz participant. In 2013, Kansas State Through this partnership, the Kansas State was the first U.S. "A major goal of my Fulbright University became the first U.S. visibility of Kansas State in university to partner with the "Thus we established a Senior "Some collaborations are was to begin studies of university to partner with the the Australian academic and Australian-American Fulbright Scholar as well, to ensure that beginning to pick up steam. Fusarium strains isolated from Australian-American Fulbright business landscape has been Commission. What motivated any K-State faculty member For example, (2014 Playwright native plants. Commission, beginning a greatly enhanced. your decision to establish this had the opportunity to host a Scholar) Lachlan Philpott's Oz "We had done some of this kind series of ongoing collaborative connection back in 2013? leading Australian scholar as to Oz host Jennifer Vallenga of work with strains from the programs that have had More Australian Fulbrighters a Fulbrighter. will work with him to co-author native tallgrass prairies in the significant and wide-ranging now pass through Kansas "An important goal of K-State's a new play. She also is planning "The Oz to Oz program arose U.S. and wanted to expand our impacts in various disciplines. State annually than through 2025 strategic plan was to to travel to Australia to direct a any other U.S. university, strengthen our institutional level when we began contemplating play with him and to have one work to include grasses from The Fulbright/Kansas State shining a spotlight on the international activities, and to do a program to encourage of her plays performed there." a different climatic region. We partnership consists of excellent research culture the so in a novel manner. Australia recognized Australian scholars found a number of new species three primary programs university offers and clearly was selected as a target country to visit our campus. We wanted You travelled to Australia as a that were very different from for Australian candidates, demonstrating a mutual for interaction because of many people from diverse academic Fulbright senior scholar in 2002. many previously seen. including a Distinguished commitment to similarities in climate and areas, and we wanted the What was the focus of "Curiously, many of the species Chair in Agriculture and Life international outreach. economic interests, and the best people we could find to your research? from grasses in tropical Sciences; a Senior Scholarship large number of diverse, high participate in the program." "I work with a group of fungi northern Australia are closely in any academic discipline; The programs also quality academic and research In three short years, these that cause diseases on a great related to Fusarium species we and a program of engagement demonstrate significant institutions with whom we could programs have had a significant number of plants, some of recovered from grasses native known as Oz to Oz, enabling potential for future commercial potentially interact. impact on the careers of which also produce compounds to the U.S. Great Plains. Australian Fulbright scholars and academic collaborations numerous scholars across a that are toxic to humans and already in the U.S. to travel to offering mutually beneficial "We wanted a way to get range of disciplines. How have domesticated animals. Kansas State. research outcomes. Australian scholars to Kansas that could stimulate and broaden the various collaborations Incoming Kansas State our endeavours and to both benefited Kansas State? President Richard Myers is broaden and strengthen our "The collaborations are just 30 looking forward to continuing collaborative networks. 31 and broadening the university's beginning to benefit K-State. Australian activities, "The Fulbright Distinguished The interaction with Dr which were initiated by his Chair at K-State is in an area Zdenko Rengel (2014 Fulbright predecessor, Kirk Schulz. of the university's strength — Distinguished Chair in Agriculture and Life Sciences — Agriculture and Life Sciences) To find out more about this where we are highly ranked both is leading to a re-evaluation of symbiotic relationship, we in the U.S. and internationally. some methods for selecting spoke with Professor John We need to feed 9 billion people new wheat lines released to Leslie, university distinguished globally by 2050. If that is going Kansas farmers. professor, Fulbright alum, and to happen, then Australia "We have identified groups at one of the key driving forces and the United States will be several universities with whom behind the Fulbright/Kansas providing much of the food and we may work to establish joint State initiative. the technology required to do so. distance education courses and programs.

Image: Kansas State University Photo Services "I was also working on two "We are working on a You decided to hold the American debut of your large writing projects, including hypothesis that many of these play, Bustown at Kansas State. Why did you a book on diseases of sorghum fungi are "pre-adapted" for choose this production in particular? and millets, and a collaborative climate change and that they work with one of my Australian grow when the weather is "I sent Jennifer a bunch of my plays and she hosts — Brett Summerell of warm enough and simply slow chose Bustown mainly because it had a big cast the Royal Botanic Gardens their metabolism to nearly and she felt it was an interesting challenge for in Sydney. This second book, nothing when it is cold. If so we the students. It's a bit of a messy play — a bit focussed on the various species should find the same fungi in of a puzzle. I suggested we do a bit of work on of Fusarium, became the plants from the Northern Great The sun sets over the grasslands of Manhattan, Kansas. the script before it went into rehearsals and Image: Kansas State University Photo Services best selling book offered by Plains, e.g. North Dakota, as Jennifer was very receptive to that. I guess Blackwell in the Plant Sciences we find in the Southern Great that's how it began." for several years. Plains e.g. Texas or Some of the rewrites for Bustown required New Mexico. "Dr. Summerell plans to "translating" the Australian slang for American reciprocate my 2002 visit with "Having a pair of related audiences. How did you find this experience, one of his own to the U.S. as reciprocal Fulbright creating a new cultural adaptation of your work? the Fulbright Distinguished visits seems an unusual "The play is actually written in a kind of "The play only lasts a moment in production, Chair in the 2017-2018 development and demonstrates post-apocalyptic language — English, broken but what lasts longer are the connections academic year. We will use how lasting relationships can down over time by people isolated from the and relationships you make with people while his visit to begin working on be built through the program." wider world. We spent a good deal of time you are making theatre. It is the connections a revised version of the 2006 playing with the way this language worked and with amazing people like Jennifer that are the book, and could increase its looking at terms which still seemed to be very most significant aspect of the Kansas State size by as much as 50%. We will Australian, adapting these words to enable an experience for me." also take samples of grasses American audience access. It is a fun from different parts of the U.S. Your Kansas State host, Jennifer Vellenga, will process because it sparks a whole range of to determine the species that be visiting Australia in 2017. What is the nature of The founding "brain trust" of the Fulbright/Kansas State Initiative, from left: Kirk intimate conversations — it's the essence of are naturally present in areas Schulz, former K-State president; Randall Tosh, K-State liaison for Australia; John this ongoing collaboration? cultural exchange." with quite different climates. Leslie, university distinguished professor of plant pathology; and John Floros, dean of the College of Agriculture, during a trip to Australia. Image - Noel Shulz. "It's very exciting. Jennifer and I will What were the impacts of the Oz to Oz on your collaborate with young artists at HotHouse Fulbright project, and your career in the long term? Lachlan Philpott | 2014 Fulbright Professional Playwright Scholar Theatre in Albury/ Wodonga on the border Sponsored by Inscription Copyright Agency Ltd, Friends of Inscription "Kansas State's stunning production of of New South Wales and Victoria. We plan to 'Bustown' was the first production of my work make a piece that can link young actors and For his 2014 Fulbright What was your experience "It is always a bonus to be a in the U.S. This was a very exciting milestone artists here with those at Kansas State. But Professional Playwright collaborating with students and bit in awe of the person you in my career and I was thrilled with the maybe the rest best be kept under wraps for Scholarship, Lachlan Philpott faculty at Kansas State via the are collaborating with, and production and the audiences reception of the the moment." undertook a writing residency Oz to Oz program? that was certainly the case for work. Most significant is that theatre is about Applications for the 2018 round of Fulbright/ at one of the leading theatre me here. connections between teams who make theatre Kansas State scholarships will open in March institutions in the U.S, the "I arrived in Kansas in the and ultimately between actor and audience 2017. The Oz to Oz Program is open to all American Conservatory midst of the harsh winter "On the first day of rehearsals when the work is on stage. Theatre in San Francisco. freeze. I had no idea how I was delighted by the student Australian Senior and Professional Fulbright cold minus-30 felt until it creatives and actors. They scholars during their stay in the U.S. One of the highlights of hit me in the face. Luckily, were bright, engaged and Lachlan's trip was his Oz to Oz Jennifer Vellenga, the Head willing to devote their talents The play The cast of Bustown during dress rehersals at Kansas State. 32 visit to Kansas State, where of the theatre team at Kansas and energy into making this 33 he held the U.S. debut of his State, is warm enough to weird Australian play in pidgin only lasts a play, "Bustown" — a vibrant make up for it. I had already English resonate on stage in depiction of small town life, met Jennifer when we the very centre of the U.S. moment in exploring the impact of rural workshopped the rewrite of production, urban migration on the people my play in San Francisco and "I stayed in Manhattan, and places left behind. we got on like very old friends. Kansas, for four weeks and but what lasts We share a passion for it was remarkable time for longer are the theatre and laughter and on me. Kansas is a long way top of being smart and funny, from home but I made strong connections Jennifer is a bold director connections very quickly and you make and innovative educator was very proud of the way we who champions new plays worked and of the work that with people and leads her students into was made." creative labyrinths. while you are making theatre ” PLANETERRA NULLIUS: A Post-Apocalyptic Parable by William Lempert January 26, 2617 January 18, 2388 It’s nearly 2am when I look up from the datapad of my many-great grandfather’s journal in the They are back, and this time they are here digital archives at The Institute for Egavas Studies in Canberra. After years of study I am reading in to stay. the original English, and for the first time I can feel his voice reverberating through my bones. I It’s Tuesday and I am running predictably collect myself as I’m momentarily overwhelmed by how much is left out of our official histories. behind. I click ACCEPT, paying 3000 credits as I I saturate my lungs with air and blood with caffeine, then continue: shift into the express skyway.

It’s then that I first hear it, that sickening low drone that slowly overtakes the cacophony Over a thousand Blues moor above the We learn that the Blues view us as lesser of the Sydney rush hour. Traffic slows, then southern bay. We fight back as part of the new beings and call us Egavas. Their society runs stops. The 50-degree morning air rushes in pan-Earth alliance of hundreds of nations. We on the very magma that runs through our as I release the top hatch, squinting skyward kill some, as they take out waves of our troops planet. Since we do not harvest the liquid rock, toward the trapezoidal silhouettes. and abduct our emissaries. they have claimed Earth as theirs through a distortion of intergalactic law, declaring it as As the nine shadows spread across the Days blur together as Sydney descends into planeterra nullius, or “nobody’s planet.” metropolis, my pupils dilate to take in the chaos. A new wave of skin sickness claims crafts and their implications. Reassembling billions worldwide while the Blues spread and Emboldened, we organize resistance into a single tessellation, they settle into an more ships arrive. movements and move toward the desert… inlet just south of the city. Most of our diplomats die, but the ones that Never had there been so many. return talk of a planet called Eporue, where they mastered their Hsilgne language and met The first contacts were brief and shrouded Emperor Egroeg. in mystery. For hundreds of years there have been glimpses of the Snaeporue, who most people referred to simply as the “Blues.” Early I read for hours moving from this journal to others, eager to hear my ancestors and absorb rumors of vague shapes on the horizon. their knowledge. Endless pages of massacres, disease, and stolen children give way to myriad moments of courage and triumph. Stories over the years accumulated in the north, of spacecraft, cyan skin, and strange Against all odds, planeterra nullius was overturned in Snaeporuen court only a couple of decades weapons: 2206 in Cape York, again in 2223. ago, leading to the Egavas Title Act through which I, along with the other descendants, helped to Whispers from the west at the end of the secure rights in and around Sydney. 23rd century. Despite hundreds of years of struggle, we not only survived, but are growing in strength and I was a child when their first spaceship visited numbers. No one can deny that we are actively fighting to determine our futures on Earth, and Sydney, 18 short years ago. We approached now even many Blues support our centuries-overdue treaty. with hope. It ended badly. Their quickness to anger, the bright flashes, the carnage. They My eyes move from screen to window as the sun edges over the horizon, bathing cavernous took our weapons and as quickly as they shadows in the light of dawn. arrived, they were gone.

My parents said that they wouldn’t return and not to worry. I tried not to, until the blue skin William Lempert | 2014 Postgraduate 34 sickness overcame them. University of Colorado at Boulder University of Notre Dame 35 My fingernails dig into my palm as the memories come rushing back, the cocktail of William is a PhD candidate in cultural anthropology scarlet and salt trickling from mom’s pale eyes from the University of Colorado at Boulder. over cerulean-spotted cheeks. With the support of Fulbright, he recently She was wrong. completed his fourth and primary research trip of 20-months to Northwestern Australia, where he They are back, and this time they are here collaborated with Indigenous media organizations to stay. on production teams to follow the social life cycles of their film projects.

William has written articles and blogs on the rise of sci-fi futures in Indigenous films, and he hopes that this speculative parable, set exactly 600 years after European contact, will help to edify Australian perspectives on Aboriginal history, justice, and sovereignty. Image - Macropolis Andrew Barron | 2001 Postdoctoral | Dr Andrew Barron is an Associate Professor in the Dr Barron credits his current research trajectory to Department of Biological Sciences at Macquarie the mentorship he received during his 2001 Fulbright University. He currently leads a team of researchers Postdoctoral scholarship to the University of Illinois under exploring the neurobiology of major behavioural Prof. Gene Robinson, a world-leading researcher in systems such as memory, goal-directed behaviour behavioural genomics, and himself a Fulbright and stress from a comparative and evolutionary Alum (1995). perspective. In 2015 he was awarded an ARC Future Fellowship to develop a computational model of the “The experience was foundational to my career, and now honey bee brain. the opportunity has come full circle as I have the chance to mentor another Fulbright scholar (Brian Entler), who has Prior to moving to Macquarie in 2007, Dr Barron had been a tremendous asset to my team here.” the opportunity to work with and be mentored by Prof. Ben Oldroyd (University of Sydney), Prof. Gene “The Fulbright scholarship gives people with passion and Robinson (University of Illinois), Prof. Mandayam commitment the mobility to share ideas with thought- Srinivasan and Prof. Ryszard Maleszka (Australian leaders around the world.” National University).

Images - Macquarie University, cognitive-neuroethology

While Australia doesn’t have the resources to commit billions From Bees to Bionics: of dollars to such large-scale projects, scientists here have Fulbright gives adopted strategic interdisciplinary approaches to the study people with How studying insects can teach us about our own brains of the brain, involving research from healthcare, medicine, neuroscience, psychology, informatics, and broad passion and international collaboration. The human brain is a Much like the Human Genome The EU-funded Human commitment complex thing. Project of the 1990’s was seen Brain Project in Switzerland Brian Entler, American Fulbright Scholar from the University of as a crowning achievement seeks to understand how Scranton, is currently being hosted by Macquarie University in the mobility Comprising nearly 90 billion in biology and medicine, neural circuit organisation Sydney, collaborating with like-minded researchers there. His to share ideas cells (neurons) transmitting mapping the human brain has gives rise to behaviour and team is led by Dr Andrew Barron, Associate Professor in the chemical or electrical long been considered a holy cognition using powerful Department of Biological Sciences and Fulbright Alum (2001), with thought- information in fractions of a grail in the neuroscience field, supercomputers, while the and their innovative approach to brain-mapping involves the second through a network of with numerous multi-billion U.S.-led BRAIN Initiative study of an unlikely character – the humble honey bee. leaders around around 100 trillion junctions dollar projects currently (Brain Research through We spoke to Brian to get some insight into this (synapses), this one-and-a- seeking to crack the code and Advancing Innovative the world 36 intriguing project. 37 half kilo lump of grey matter deliver a functional cheat- Neurotechnologies) attempts is capable of driving the sheet for the mind. to map the neuron activity Laboratory testing has been traditionally associated with rats and most intricate of tasks, from of mice and other small small mammals – why does your research here focus building a rocket engine to mammals to achieve a on insects? ” composing a symphony. ‘functional connectome’, or wiring diagram of neural “The main issue is scale – it’s much easier to map something connections in the brain. on a smaller scale and apply the concepts to a bigger picture. Take the Human Genome Project for example; in the 70s and 80s, mapping the human genome was considered an informatic impossibility–we’re talking nearly a terabyte of information at a time when supercomputers would struggle to process even a fraction of that–so they started with a very simple organism with a very simple genome: the fruit-fly. e

“Fruit-flies share nearly 60% of human genes, What is your role in this project? Your research was recently picked up by various “Our research was the first of its kind share the same wake-sleep cycles and have high-profile publications including the New York to demonstrate a drug dependency in many similar biochemical pathways, hence “I’m working on visual learning in the honey Times, Nature, and the Smithsonian Magazine. invertebrates without a caloric reward, in other were an ideal subject. Scientists successfully bee, mapping the functions of three different Can you elaborate on this research and how it words, the ants were self-administering the mapped the fruit fly genome within a decade, structures that deal with vision and olfaction: relates to your current work? opiate without the incentive of sugar. the mushroom bodies, ventral lobes and the and it became the ‘gold standard’ for genomic “We were looking at the neurochemical effects central complex. “Through this kind of study, we can discover research, eventually leading to a fully-mapped of opiates on ants to see if we could prove human genome within three years. the areas of the brain that are affected by a “At the moment we are micro-injecting addiction, with aims to eventually analyse what drug dependency, and learn how to develop “Now (Dr Barron) and his collaborators had procaine, a temporary local anaesthetic, into kind of social impact this has on the colony. localised treatments or medications. I the same idea – why not start with something specific regions within the head capsule, Through my research into other invertebrate believe that within our lifetimes, we will see a simple? Humans have about 86 billion neurons, then monitoring the bee within an automated models of addiction, I heard about (Dr Barron’s) vaccination for certain types of addiction. whereas honeybees have around 960,000. What learning chamber to measure things such as work on the social implications of we’re doing here is putting together pieces, escape speed and avoidance behaviour. We can honey bee addiction. "Of course, this raises ethical and then determine exactly how these areas of the philosophical questions about self- and then modelling these pieces into the larger “Ants, like bees, are very social creatures, connective map.” brain are involved in visual learning.” determination and nature versus nurture, but forming a complex, interdependent hierarchy, these are discussions for another day.” Is there any reason why you’re studying honey How does this research relate to your work so there were many parallels between our bees in particular? back at the University of Scranton? research projects and methodology. My advisor at Scranton had actually met Andrew during his “Bees exhibit a social complexity that is “I’m looking to transition into the clinical own Fulbright Scholarship, and he suggested far more relatable to humans than rats realm; my dream has always been to conduct we look into a collaboration. or mice. They also engage in complicated clinical addiction research. Everything behaviours that demonstrate cognition and I’ve learned here can be applied to larger decision-making – I’m going to use the term organisms, and to model species such as Implications ‘consciousness’. While we have some idea of rats, mice, and zebrafish. The techniques I’ve the different areas, structures and functions learned and refined through this work will be Certainly there are ethical and Popular culture has often Concepts of mapping the of the brain, we still have only a vague invaluable with future projects.” philosophical implications delved into hypothetical brain, simulating intelligence, understanding of how these interact to enable with such in-depth dissection futures where artificial and creating new entities in cognition. When we study bee interactions of the brain. With a intelligence has transcended our likeness are not questions and behaviours, monitoring the connectivity comprehensive knowledge that of its creator. Terminator’s of if but when. of neurons, we begin to understand how these of the human mind comes Skynet and 2001: A Space properties of a ‘consciousness’ emerge from incredible power – the ability Odyssey’s HAL showed us The responsibility associated such a simple brain. to alter specific areas of the the horrors of calculating, with this is colossal, but the possibilities are endless – “If you start basing models on behaviour, you brain with precision, control malevolent machine thinking; the ability to treat cognitive can make things more complex; you can add in behaviours, even manipulate OS1 from Spike Jonze’s Her disorders, addiction, more cells, more layers of connection, and this thoughts and memories; provided a haunting glimpse Alzheimer’s Disease with can subsequently be applied to larger models concepts that were, until only at the infinite potential of A.I. pinpoint accuracy; the in the overarching understanding of how the recently considered that has the capacity to learn capability to restore or brain works.” science fiction. and evolve autonomously. redirect neurons that have With understanding also Despite these profound been affected by brain comes the ability to create implications and fictional damage; the capacity for your and synthesise. Once the dramatisations, humans are laptop to think and learn; the brain has been mapped, it characterised by our eternal potential for Apple’s Siri to do 38 is theoretically possible to hunger for knowledge, our more than just Google-search 39 Brian Entler | 2015 Postgraduate | create a bionic brain and drive to understand everything a series of misheard phrases. simulate human, and even about ourselves and the world The University of Scranton Macquarie University post-human, intelligence. around us. The prospects are truly thought-provoking. The Brian first developed his passion for scientific research human brain is, indeed, while interning in Panamá at the Smithsonian Tropical a complex thing, but with Research Institute. While in Panamá his research focused scientists like Andrew Barron on the associative learning abilities of two closely-related and Brian Entler putting the species of rainforest ant. pieces together, the puzzle may soon be solved. He received his cum laude degree in Neuroscience and Biology from The University of Scranton in 2013, where he quickly excelled in research and his institution awarded him both the Presidential and Casey Fellowships for his independent research entitled Morphine addiction in ants: a new model for addiction, reward, and self- administration. Brian’s research was the first to prove drug dependence and self-administration in invertebrates in the absence of food, and was recently published in the Journal of Experimental Biology.

Bees get a buzz Evasive bee-haviour 1 Research has shown that bees A 2013 study by Dr Andrew Barron have been known to experience and his colleague Dr Clint Perry 2 3 the effects of inebriation in a put honey bees through a series of similar way to humans. Honey increasingly complex risk/reward 4 bees searching for nectar may trials to determine whether they be exposed to intoxicating experience ‘uncertainty’, and substances including ethanol whether this factored into their from fermented fruit/nectar, problem-solving and decision- 5 defensive toxic biochemicals Cordyceps-infected zombie ant making capabilities. They did this produced by plants, and even insectsunlocked.org by including the option to ‘opt out’ 6 7 synthetic chemicals such as of some of the more difficult trials. insecticides and fertilizers. Bug bouncers The results were fascinating – The ‘drunk’ bees begin to Past research has revealed when given the opportunity to opt 8 9 display abnormal behaviour advanced hierarchies in certain out, a significant proportion of 10 - loss of balance and mobility, social insect communities, bees did indeed throw in the towel disorientation, high likelihood of including specialised roles rather than face difficult tests ‘flying accidents’, belligerence, such as ‘guards’ who monitor where they weren’t confident of and a heightened attraction to the entrances to a colony and the answer, raising the possibility Turkish kebabs.* bar entry to any objectionable that they are able to monitor characters. Undesirables uncertainty and selectively make Dr Andrew Barron has also or avoid decisions based on the demonstrated that exposure to may include members of the 11 community exhibiting any amount of information they have cocaine results in humanlike at hand. reactions in bees, provoking abnormal behaviour or smell. unusually enthusiastic dance Honey bee 'bouncers' will go as Further research is needed to 12 routines, an intense compulsion far as attacking colleagues who prove this with certitude, and to ‘chat’ with their hive-mates, and appear intoxicated or are carrying also determine whether bees a dangerously elevated sense of experience other humanlike any odd-smelling substances, 13 self-worth.* and are even known to kill repeat emotions such as stress-eating offenders. Carpenter ants living and buyer’s remorse. in the rainforests of Thailand and Brazil have also developed their own in-house security systems. Down Their colonies are vulnerable * Not actually proven Complete the crossword to win! 1....The study of what makes us tick to a particular type of The respect and adoration of your peers!* entomopathogen (A.K.A 'zombie- 2....It’s like the Dawn of the Dead of the insect kingdom fungus') that will attach itself 4....Murray and Trout turn out to be cousins to a host indivual, infecting its 6....Hated by coeliacs and hipsters alike mind and causing unnatural 7....See the world through the eyes of another behaviours. Once inside a ? host, the Cordyceps produces 8....It’s like a wristwatch for groundwater compounds that manipulate an 9....The crossroads of the mind 40 ant's behavioural patterns, driving 41 it to mindlessly attach itself to "Whatevs. I'm out." Across a plant near the hive where the Science tells us that bees, like fungus will grow, subsequently 3...... Double-Fulbrighter, ashen male duck sprouting out of the exoskeleton humans, may occasionally just give up when it's all too hard 5...... Awareness of and responsiveness to one’s surroundings to drop more infectious spores. This deadly cycle has been known 10....Study of the ocean, esp. smaller bodies of water, as bays to devastate entire ant colonies. and gulfs The specialised ant 'customs 11....Once hailed by Keating as "the best U.S. Ambassador officers' work to prevent this kind ever sent to Australia" of epidemic by forcibly removing and quarantining any individual 12....Nodes associated with sight and smell in flying insects exhibiting uncharacteristic *Respect not guaranteed, has no monetary value 13....In the microbial world, his K has a lot to answer for behaviour.

No news from Hollywood yet as to whether this will become the basis for another tedious high- budget crossover starring Brad Can toxic flowers cause alcoholism in bees? Pitt and the team from A Bug’s Science says sure, why not? Life. In Memoriam The Commission was deeply saddened by the loss of the following friends in 2016.

They will all be dearly missed, but their spirits live on in the minds and hearts of the Fulbright Community. Donate to Fulbright

Emeritus Professor Russell Trood, Australian-American Fulbright Commission Board of Directors The Fulbright Program changes lives and transforms careers in its 1948 - 2017 support of binational cooperation and cultural exchange. Russell was elected to the Senate for Queensland in 2004 where he represented the Liberal Party until 2010. During this term he served as Deputy Chair of the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs, You can support us in our mission by sponsoring a scholarship or Defence and Trade. In 2011, he was appointed to a senior post in the Department of Foreign Affairs making a donation to one of our alumni or state scholarship funds. and Trade. Russell served on the Australian-American Fulbright Commission Board of Directors for two years, and will be remembered as a strong leader, and dear friend.

Title Given Name Family Name Dr Ken Levy, 1995 Postdoctoral Scholar 1949 - 2016 $ Ken's 48-year distinguished career included numerous high-level appointments including Director Email of the Attorney General’s and Justice Department, President of CPA Australia, Professor of Law at Donation Amount Bond University, and Acting Chairman of the QLD Crime and Corruption Commission. Donation Details:

Mrs Elizabeth Brown, 1957 Teaching Exchange Scholar Electronic Funds Transfer 1921 - 2016 I have made an electronic fund transfer to the following account: Elizabeth's ceiling-breaking 40 year career as an education professional included numerous Australian American Educational Foundation leadership roles at secondary institutions across Melbourne including Williamstown Girls, St George Bank, BSB: 112-908 Account: 001365589 Moorabbin High, MacKinnon High and Buckley Park High. Online Please navigate to the donate page on our website: www.fulbright.com.au/donate/ Professor John Furedy, 1965 Postdoctoral Fellow 1940 - 2016 John was born in Hungary and came to Australia in 1949 with his parents as a refugee and The Fulbright Commission is specifically legislated as a deductible gift recipient (DGR) under Holocaust survivor. He was a stalwart for freedom of speech, described himself as an 'Andersonian section 30-25(2), item 2.2.28 of the income tax assessment act 1997. Donations of $2 or more realist', and achieved great things with his major research on supporting Fulbright Scholarships are tax-deductible. lie-detection. To find out more about supporting a Fulbright Scholarship or making a bequest to the Commission, please contact us via 02 6260 4460, or [email protected] Dr Edward Radoslovich, 1950 Senior Scholar 1928 - 2016 As early as 1950 Ted was already outstanding in his area, developing an XRF spectrograph to carry out quantitative analysis of certain major elements in soil colloids and to use as a complementary technique to optical spectrography for the analysis of heavier non-metals. Ted made a name Update your details/Find lost Alumni 42 as an internationally renowned crystallographer and has been quoted extensively on academic publications in the field.

Name/Title Scholarship title/award year Mrs Merrilees Salter, 1961 Teaching Exchange Scholar 1919 - 2016 One of the very first WA Fulbright Scholars, Merrilees devoted her life to teaching, education Email Contact number and to her family and friends. Her determination, pursuit of knowledge and embracing of life's opportunities were an inspiration to all who had the privilege of meeting her.

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46 While only 50 years young, we are ranked Macquarie has a strong record of innovation. 47 among the top two per cent of universities in We helped develop the technology that the world, and with a 5-star QS rating, we are underpins modern wifi systems, we are home renowned for producing graduates that are to FIRST Robotics in Australia, and we have highly sought after. one of the largest motor neurone disease research and treatment centres in Australia. Macquarie’s unique location in Australia’s largest business and technology precinct Macquarie is a vibrant nexus of inspired and provides our staff and students with invaluable unconstrained thinkers, all working towards opportunities for learning, networking and a brighter future for our communities and career advancement. our planet.

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