DOCSLIB.ORG

SWE 12.09-1.Pmd

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
SWE 12.09-1.Pmd See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232666776 Cost-Benefit Analysis of Sorghum Midge, Stenodiplosis sorghicola 1 (Coquillett)-Resistant Sorghum Hybrid Research and Development i.... Article in Southwestern Entomologist · December 2009 DOI: 10.3958/059.034.0404 CITATIONS READS 11 130 3 authors: Tebkew Damte Bonnie B Pendleton Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research West Texas A&M University 13 PUBLICATIONS 117 CITATIONS 72 PUBLICATIONS 185 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Lal K. Almas West Texas A&M University 94 PUBLICATIONS 397 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Greenbug View project Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural research View project All content following this page was uploaded by Tebkew Damte on 02 April 2019. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. VOL. 34, NO. 4 SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST DEC. 2009 CONTENTS SEASONALITY AND MOVEMENT OF ADVENTIVE POPULATIONS OF THE ARUNDO WASP (HYMENOPTERA: EURYTOMIDAE), A BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT OF GIANT REED IN THE LOWER RIO GRANDE BASIN IN SOUTH TEXAS Alexis E. Racelis, John A. Goolsby, and Patrick Moran…………………………….347 PRE-RELEASE ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT ON ARUNDO DONAX BY THE CANDIDATE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS TETRAMESA ROMANA (HYMENOPTERA: EURYTOMIDAE) AND RHIZASPIDIOTUS DONACIS (HEMIPTERA: DIASPIDIDAE) UNDER QUARANTINE CONDITIONS John A. Goolsby, David Spencer, and Linda Whitehand……………………………359 ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS FOR THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF ARUNDO DONAX: RIO GRANDE BASIN Emily K. Seawright, M. Edward Rister, Ronald D. Lacewell, Dean A. McCorkle, Allen W. Sturdivant, Chenghai Yang, and John A. Goolsby…………...372 COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF SORGHUM MIDGE, STENODIPLOSIS SORGHICOLA (COQUILLETT)-RESISTANT SORGHUM HYBRID RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN TEXAS Tebkew Damte, Bonnie B. Pendleton, and Lal K. Almas……………………………390 EFFECTIVENESS OF SPRING BURNING AS A PHYSICAL MANAGEMENT TACTIC FOR THRIPS IN PHLEUM PRATENSE L. (POALES: POACEAE) Dominic D. Reisig, Larry D. Godfrey, and Daniel D. Marcum………………………402 THRIPS (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) ON COTTON IN THE LOWER RIO GRANDE VALLEY OF TEXAS: SPECIES COMPOSITION, SEASONAL ABUNDANCE, DAMAGE, AND CONTROL S. M. Greenberg, Tong-Xian Liu, and J. J. Adamczyk………………………………412 TRITROPHIC INTERACTIONS AMONG HOST PLANTS, WHITEFLIES, AND PARASITOIDS Shoil M. Greenberg, Walker A. Jones, and Tong-Xian Liu………………………….426 OVIPOSITION CHARACTERISTICS OF PECAN WEEVIL Michael W. Smith and Phillip G. Mulder………………………………………………442 PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS IN GLASSY-WINGED SHARPSHOOTER, HOMALODISCA VITRIPENNIS Henry Schreiber IV, Daymon Hail, Wayne Hunter, and Blake Bextine……………452 i A NEW METHOD FOR COLLECTING CLEAN STABLE FLY (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) PUPAE OF KNOWN AGE Dennis R. Berkebile, Anthony P. Weinhold, and David B. Taylor………………….464 ESTERASES IN AEDES ALBOPICTUS (SKUSE) FROM NORTHEASTERN MEXICO Gustavo Ponce-Garcia, Mohammad Badii, Mercado Roberto, and Adriana E. Flores………………………………………………………………………..472 SCIENTIFIC NOTE: A VISUAL GUIDE FOR IDENTIFICATION OF EUSCHISTUS SPP. (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE) IN CENTRAL TEXAS Jesus F. Esquivel, Roger M. Anderson, and Robert E. Droleskey………………….480 FORTUITOUS ESTABLISHMENT OF RHYZOBIUS LOPHANTHAE (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE) AND APHYTIS LINGNANESIS (HYMENOPTERA: ENCYRTIDAE) IN SOUTH TEXAS ON THE CYCAD AULACASPIS SCALE, AULACASPIS YASUMATSUI (HEMIPTERA: DIASPIDIDAE) Daniel Flores and Jason Carlson………………………………………………..........484 SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 34…………………………………….……..………488 AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 34…………………………………………………….496 APPLICATION FOR MEMBERSHIP………………………………………………….498 STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT, AND CIRCULATION………...500 ii VOL. 34, NO. 4 SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST DEC. 2009 Seasonality and Movement of Adventive Populations of the Arundo Wasp (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), a Biological Control Agent of Giant Reed in the Lower Rio Grande Basin in South Texas Alexis E. Racelis, John A. Goolsby, and Patrick Moran USDA-ARS, Beneficial Insects Research Unit, 2413 E. Highway 83. Weslaco, TX 78596 Abstract. The arundo wasp, Tetramesa romana Walker, has been permitted as a biological control agent for the invasive perennial grass, the giant reed, Arundo donax L. Evidence of adventive populations of the arundo wasp in the Lower Rio Grande Basin was confirmed with a spatio-temporal survey spanning more than 350 river miles. A total of 2,414 adult females of T. romana was collected during a 14- month period of study in 2008-2009. This study documents the initial locations and regional expansion of two adventive populations of T. romana, centered around the cities of Eagle Pass and Laredo, TX. Peaks in T. romana abundance in August 2008 and June 2009 indicate a region-wide positive association between abundance of T. romana and warm summer temperatures. Correlations between site-specific abundance data and weather suggest the presence of population- specific associations with both temperature and rainfall. Introduction Giant reed, Arundo donax L. (Poaceae), is a perennial grass introduced to the Americas by Spanish settlers from Mediterranean Europe, possibly in the 1600s (Dunmire 2004). It thrives in warm temperate and subtropical climates and has increased prolifically throughout the southwestern U.S. and in Mexico, especially along canals, riparian areas, roadsides, and other waterways. Giant reed is particularly invasive in the Lower Rio Grande Basin along the Mexico-U.S. border where it infests more than 30,000 ha of riparian habitat (Yang et al. 2009). Growing in dense stands along the Rio Grande, and capable of rapid stand expansion (Thornby et al. 2007, Spencer et al. 2008), giant reed poses an economic threat to water supplies (Seawright et al. 2009), riparian biodiversity, waterway access, and border security (reviewed in Goolsby and Moran 2009). Research to develop a biological control program for giant reed in North America has been underway since 2001. Several potential biological control agents have been identified and tested, including the arundo wasp, Tetramesa romana Walker (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) (Goolsby and Moran 2009), which was permitted for release in 2009. Tetramesa romana is a stem-galling eurytomid wasp native to Europe and North Africa that reproduces primarily via parthenogenesis (Askew 1984, Moran and Goolsby 2009). Male wasps are rare. Females deposit eggs into the stem of giant reed, and larval development induces gall formation, significantly impacting plant growth and development as documented in quarantine and small-scale field studies (Goolsby et 347 al. 2009b, J. Goolsby and A. Racelis, unpublished data). Although large inundative releases are planned, no significant populations of T. romana have been released to date. In December 2007, galls and exit holes indicative of larval damage and adult emergence by T. romana were found on patches of giant reed along Shoal Creek in central Austin, TX (Goolsby et al. 2009a). Exit holes and galls were also detected on giant reed along the Rio Grande River in Laredo, TX, in February 2008. Stems from these populations were collected and adult arundo wasps emerged, confirming the presence of T. romana at each location. These adventive populations provided a singular opportunity to monitor and study the movement and seasonality of the arundo wasp and how this biological control agent may be affected by key abiotic factors such as temperature or rainfall. Understanding the relationship between weather and biological control organisms can be helpful in the success of biological control programs (Goeden and Andres 1999, Goolsby et al. 2005). Many studies have corroborated that climate and weather can influence both movement and dispersal of insects and are important factors that affect biological processes and distribution of insects (Williams and Liebhold 2002, Peacock et al. 2006, Sims-Chilton et al. 2009). A substantial portion of these studies focuses on the effects of weather on population dynamics of invasive species (Christian and Keith 2008, Dale et al. 2009, Sutherst and Bourne 2009). Recently, particular attention has been placed on understanding possible climatic effects on invasive species and their biological control agents (Herrera et al. 2005, Corn et al. 2009), in light of anthropogenically-induced climate change in some cases (Beaumont et al. 2009). Spencer et al. (2008) found that regional differences in rainfall and temperature influence the phenology and production of giant reed. Because T. romana prefers phenologically labile shoot tips (Moran and Goolsby 2009), a similar trend in populations of T. romana could be expected because of both variation in availability of shoot tips for oviposition and the possible effects of temperature and moisture on development of gall tissues. Increased availability of moisture may lead to more robust development of apical and lateral shoots (Quinn and Holt 2007). For example, new shoots initiated in July 2008 in Laredo and Mission, TX, showed an increase in formation of side shoots in the following late winter/early spring (P. Moran, unpublished data). Additionally, Moran and Goolsby (2009) suggested that seasonal temperature variation can affect development of the final larval instar of T. romana. We therefore hypothesized that adventive populations of T. romana in the Lower Rio Grande Basin will have some relationship to fluctuations in temperature and rainfall. This paper reports data on abundance of adult wasps
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Current and Potential Use of Phytophagous Mites As Biological Control Agent of Weeds
    Chapter 5 Current and Potential Use of Phytophagous Mites as Biological Control Agent of Weeds Carlos Vásquez, Yelitza Colmenárez, José Morales-Sánchez, Neicy Valera, María F. Sandoval and Diego Balza Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/59953 1. Introduction Biological control of weeds by using phytophagous mites may help to contain infestations and reduce their spread in time. Although, eradication is not the goal due to the vastness of the areas, the most desirable scenario is achieved when weeds are no longer a concern and no other control is necessary. However, biological control should not be considered the unique strategy to face weed problems, thus commonly; other methods are still required to attain the desired level of control. There is an increasingly interest in using mites for biological control of weeds, primarily those belonging to Eriophyidae because of they are host-specific and often weaken the host plant affecting plant growth and reproduction. Although eriophyid mite species impact the fitness of their host plant, it is not clear how much they have contributed to reduction of the population of the target weed. In some cases, natural enemies, resistant plant genotypes, and adverse abiotic conditions have reduced the ability of eriophyid mites to control target weed popula‐ tions. Besides, susceptibility of eriophyids to predators and pathogens may also prevent them from achieving population densities necessary to reduce host plant populations. In addition to eriophyid mites, tetranychid mites are also being considered as an alternative for weed control. The gorse spider mite, Tetranychus lintearius Dufour, has shown to reduce shoot growth on gorse (Ulex europaeus L.) by around 36% in impact studies conducted over 2.5 years in Tasmania.
    [Show full text]
  • An Ultrastructural Study of the Relationship Between the Mite Floracarus Perrepae Knihinicki & Boczek (Acariformes:Eriophyidae) and the Fern
    1 Running title: Floracarus ultrastructure For submission to Australian Journal of Entomology An ultrastructural study of the relationship between the mite Floracarus perrepae Knihinicki & Boczek (Acariformes:Eriophyidae) and the fern Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br. (Lygodiaceae) Thomas P. Freeman,1* John A. Goolsby,2 Sebahat K. Ozman,3 Dennis R. Nelson4 1North Dakota State University, Department of Plant Pathology, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Fargo, North Dakota, USA 2USDA-ARS, Australian Biological Control Laboratory, 120 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, 4068, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 3CRC for Tropical Plant Protection and Dept. of Zoology and Entomology, The University of Queensland, 4072, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; current address, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, 55139, Samsun, Turkey 4USDA-ARS, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, North Dakota, USA *Corresponding author (email: [email protected], telephone: 701-231-8234, facsimile: 701-239-1395) 2 ABSTRACT The ultrastructure of Floracarus perrepae was investigated in relation to its host, Lygodium microphyllum. Feeding by the mite induces a change in epidermal cell size, and cell division is stimulated by mite feeding, causing the leaf margin to curl over into a roll with two to three windings. The enlarged epidermal layer greatly increases its cytoplasmic contents, which become a nutritive tissue for the mite and its progeny. The structure and depth of stylet penetration by the mite, and the thickness of the epidermal cell wall of L. microphyllum, does not appear to account for the mite’s differential ability to induce leaf rolling in its co- adapted host from southeast Queensland but not in the invasive genotype of the fern in Florida.
    [Show full text]
  • Matching the Origin of an Invasive Weed for Selection of a Herbivore
    Molecular Ecology (2006) 15, 287–297 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02788.x MatchingBlackwell Publishing Ltd the origin of an invasive weed for selection of a herbivore haplotype for a biological control programme JOHN A. GOOLSBY,*† PAUL J. DE BARRO,‡ JEFFREY R. MAKINSON,†,‡ ROBERT W. PEMBERTON,§ DIANA M. HARTLEY¶ and DONALD R. FROHLICH** *United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beneficial Insects Research Unit, 2413 E. Hwy. 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA, †United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Australian Biological Control Laboratory, CSIRO Long Pocket Laboratories, Indooroopilly, Queensland 4068, Australia, ‡CSIRO Entomology, Long Pocket Laboratories, 120 Meiers Rd, Indooroopilly, Queensland 4068, Australia, §United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, 3205 College Ave. Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA, ¶CSIRO Entomology, Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross St., ACT 2601, Australia, **Department of Biology, University of St Thomas, 3800 Montrose Blvd, Houston, TX 77006, USA Abstract The Florida Everglades have been invaded by an exotic weed fern, Lygodium microphyllum. Across its native distribution in the Old World tropics from Africa to Australasia it was found to have multiple location-specific haplotypes. Within this distribution, the climbing fern is attacked by a phytophagous mite, Floracarus perrepae, also with multiple haplotypes. The genetic relationship between mite and fern haplotypes was matched by an overarching geographical relationship between the two. Further, mites that occur in the same location as a particular fern haplotype were better able to utilize the fern than mites from more distant locations. From a biological control context, we are able to show that the weed fern in the Everglades most likely originated in northern Queensland, Australia/Papua New Guinea and that the mite from northern Queensland offers the greatest prospect for control.
    [Show full text]
  • An Ultrastructural Study of the Relationship Between The
    et al . Australian Journal of Entomology (2005) 44, 57–61 An ultrastructural study of the relationship between the mite Floracarus perrepae Knihinicki & Boczek (Acariformes: Eriophyidae) and the fern Lygodium microphyllum (Lygodiaceae) Thomas P Freeman,1* John A Goolsby,2 Sebahat K Ozman3† and Dennis R Nelson4 1North Dakota State University, Department of Plant Pathology, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Fargo, ND 58105- 5517, USA. 2USDA-ARS, Australian Biological Control Laboratory, 120 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. 3CRC for Tropical Plant Protection and Department of Zoology and Entomology, The University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia. 4USDA-ARS, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105, USA. Abstract The ultrastructure of the mite Floracarus perrepae was investigated in relation to its host, Lygodium microphyllum, the Old World climbing fern. Floracarus perrepae has been suggested as a means of biological control for the fern, which is an aggressive weed in tropical areas. Feeding by the mite induces a change in the size of epidermal cells, and cell division is stimulated by mite feeding, causing the leaf margin to curl over into a roll with two to three windings. The enlarged epidermal layer greatly increases its cytoplasmic contents, which become a nutritive tissue for the mite and its progeny. Damage by the mite ultimately debilitates the fern. The structure and depth of stylet penetration by the mite, and the thickness of the epidermal cell wall of L. microphyllum, do not appear to account for the mite’s differential ability to induce leaf rolling in its co-adapted host from south-east Queensland but not in the invasive genotype of the fern in Florida.
    [Show full text]
  • APHIS Actions (Updated August 3, 2021) TAG No. P
    Technical Advisory Group for Biological Control Agents of Weeds TAG Petitions - APHIS Actions (Updated August 3, 2021) ESA Sect. 7 Consultation NEPA Process TAG No. Petitioner Petition Type Agent (Biological Control Target Weed TAG APHIS Decision Biological F&WS PPQ initiates FONSI Date Permit Organism) Recommendation Letter (date)/ Assessment to Concurrence process (date) signed Issued/ (date) Action F&WS (date) NLAA (date) with Draft EA Release Authorized 21-01 John Gaskin Host Test Plant N/A: no specific identification at this Field bindweed, Convolvulus 8/3/21: List time. arvensis (Convolvulaceae) Recommendation for the Petitioner to examine all comments provided and proceed with testing with the understanding that concerns raised by the reviewers should be considered, and addressed where possible and reasonable. 20-02 Mark Schwarzlander Field Release Mogulones borraginis (Fabricius) Cynoglossum officinale L. Recommended for (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (weevil) (houndstongue) Release (2/25/2021) 20-01 Mark Schwarzlander Field Release Ceutorhynchus cardariae (weevil) Lepidium draba, L. Not recommended for chalepense and L. Release (8/13/20) appelianum (hoary cress species) 19-03 Timothy Collier Field Release Aceria angustifoliae (mite) Elaeagnus angustifolia Recommended for (Russian olive) Release (5/27/2020) 19-02 Melissa C. Smith Host Test Plant N/A: no specific identification at this Acacia auriculiformis A. 3/11/20: List time. Cunn. ex Benth. (Fabaceae) Recommendation for Common name: Earleaf the Petitioner to acacia examine all comments provided and proceed with testing with the understanding that concerns raised by the reviewers should be considered, and addressed where possible and reasonable. 19-01 Melissa C. Smith Field Release Lophodiplosis indentata Gagné Melaleuca quinquenervia Recommended for 11/18/2020 (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) (Cav) S.T.
    [Show full text]
  • Background and General Information 2
    United States Department of National Program 304: Agriculture Agricultural Crop Protection and Research Service Quarantine National Program Staff August 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS Background and General Information 2 Component I: Identification and Classification of Insects and Mites 5 Component II: Biology of Pests and Natural Enemies (Including Microbes) 8 Component III: Plant, Pest, and Natural Enemy Interactions and Ecology 17 Component IV: Postharvest, Pest Exclusion, and Quarantine Treatment 24 Component V: Pest Control Technologies 30 Component VI: Integrated Pest Management Systems and Areawide Suppression 41 Component VII: Weed Biology and Ecology 48 Component VIII: Chemical Control of Weeds 53 Component IX: Biological Control of Weeds 56 Component X: Weed Management Systems 64 APPENDIXES – Appendix 1: ARS National Program Assessment 70 Appendix 2: Documentation of NP 304 Accomplishments 73 NP 304 Accomplishment Report, 2001-2006 Page 2 BACKGROUND AND GENERAL INFORMATION THE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE The Agricultural Research Service (ARS) is the intramural research agency for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and is one of four agencies that make up the Research, Education, and Economics mission area of the Department. ARS research comprises 21 National Programs and is conducted at 108 laboratories spread throughout the United States and overseas by over 2,200 full-time scientists within a total workforce of 8,000 ARS employees. The research in National Program 304, Crop Protection and Quarantine, is organized into 140 projects, conducted by 236 full-time scientists at 41 geographic locations. At $102.8 million, the fiscal year (FY) 2007 net research budget for National Program 304 represents almost 10 percent of ARS’s total FY 2007 net research budget of $1.12 billion.
    [Show full text]
  • National Program 304: Crop Protection and Quarantine
    United States Department of National Program 304: Agriculture Agricultural Crop Protection and Research Service Quarantine National Program Staff August 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS Background and General Information 2 Component I: Identification and Classification of Insects and Mites 5 Component II: Biology of Pests and Natural Enemies (Including Microbes) 8 Component III: Plant, Pest, and Natural Enemy Interactions and Ecology 17 Component IV: Postharvest, Pest Exclusion, and Quarantine Treatment 24 Component V: Pest Control Technologies 30 Component VI: Integrated Pest Management Systems and Areawide Suppression 41 Component VII: Weed Biology and Ecology 48 Component VIII: Chemical Control of Weeds 53 Component IX: Biological Control of Weeds 56 Component X: Weed Management Systems 64 APPENDIXES – Appendix 1: ARS National Program Assessment 70 Appendix 2: Documentation of NP 304 Accomplishments 73 NP 304 Accomplishment Report, 2001-2006 Page 2 BACKGROUND AND GENERAL INFORMATION THE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE The Agricultural Research Service (ARS) is the intramural research agency for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and is one of four agencies that make up the Research, Education, and Economics mission area of the Department. ARS research comprises 21 National Programs and is conducted at 108 laboratories spread throughout the United States and overseas by over 2,200 full-time scientists within a total workforce of 8,000 ARS employees. The research in National Program 304, Crop Protection and Quarantine, is organized into 140 projects, conducted by 236 full-time scientists at 41 geographic locations. At $102.8 million, the fiscal year (FY) 2007 net research budget for National Program 304 represents almost 10 percent of ARS’s total FY 2007 net research budget of $1.12 billion.
    [Show full text]
  • Effectiveness of Eriophyid Mites for Biological Control of Weedy Plants and Challenges for Future Research
    Exp Appl Acarol (2010) 51:115–149 DOI 10.1007/s10493-009-9299-2 Effectiveness of eriophyid mites for biological control of weedy plants and challenges for future research L. Smith Æ E. de Lillo Æ J. W. Amrine Jr. Received: 31 March 2009 / Accepted: 3 August 2009 / Published online: 16 September 2009 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009 Abstract Eriophyid mites have been considered to have a high potential for use as classical biological control agents of weeds. We reviewed known examples of the use of eriophyid mites to control weedy plants to learn how effective they have been. In the past 13 years, since Rosenthal’s 1996 review, 13 species have undergone some degree of pre- release evaluation (Aceria genistae, A. lantanae, Aceria sp. [boneseed leaf buckle mite (BLBM)], A. salsolae, A. sobhiani, A. solstitialis, A. tamaricis, A. thalgi, A. thessalonicae, Cecidophyes rouhollahi, Floracarus perrepae, Leipothrix dipsacivagus and L. knautiae), but only four (A. genistae, Aceria sp. [BLBM], C. rouhollahi and F. perrepae) have been authorized for introduction. Prior to this, three species (Aceria chondrillae, A. malherbae and Aculus hyperici) were introduced and have become established. Although these three species impact the fitness of their host plant, it is not clear how much they have contributed to reduction of the population of the target weed. In some cases, natural enemies, resistant plant genotypes, and adverse abiotic conditions have reduced the ability of eriophyid mites to control target weed populations. Some eriophyid mites that are highly coevolved with their host plant may be poor prospects for biological control because of host plant resis- tance or tolerance of the plant to the mite.
    [Show full text]
  • Interactions Between Two Biological Control Agents on Lygodium Microphyllum
    insects Article Interactions between Two Biological Control Agents on Lygodium microphyllum Ian Jones 1,* and Ellen C. Lake 2 1 Department of Forestry, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B3, Canada 2 USDA-ARS Invasive Pant Research Laboratory, 3225 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-647-325-9026 Received: 26 September 2018; Accepted: 21 November 2018; Published: 2 December 2018 Abstract: Lygodium microphyllum (Lygodiaceae) is an invasive climbing fern in peninsular Florida. Two classical biological control agents are currently being released against L. microphyllum: a leaf galling mite, Floracarus perrepae (Acariformes: Eriophyidae), and a moth, Neomusotima conspurcatalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Little is known about how the two species interact in the field; thus we conducted oviposition choice tests to determine the effects of F. perrepae presence on oviposition behavior in N. conspurcatalis. Further, we conducted feeding trials with N. conspurcatalis larvae to establish the effects of gall presence on larval survival and rate of development, and determine whether N. conspurcatalis larvae would directly consume F. perrepae galls. Neomusotima conspurcatalis laid significantly more eggs on mite galled (52.66 ± 6.211) versus ungalled (34.40 ± 5.587) L. microphyllum foliage. Feeding trials revealed higher mortality in N. conspurcatalis larvae raised on galled (60%) versus ungalled (36%) L. microphyllum material. In gall feeding trials, N. conspurcatalis larvae consumed or damaged 13.52% of galls, and the rate of direct gall feeding increased over time as leaf resources were depleted. Our results suggest that, where N. conspurcatalis and F.
    [Show full text]
  • Behavioural Studies on Eriophyoid Mites: an Overview
    Exp Appl Acarol (2010) 51:31–59 DOI 10.1007/s10493-009-9319-2 Behavioural studies on eriophyoid mites: an overview Katarzyna Michalska Æ Anna Skoracka Æ Denise Navia Æ James W. Amrine Received: 29 March 2009 / Accepted: 11 September 2009 / Published online: 25 September 2009 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009 Abstract Eriophyoid mites are excellent candidates for ethological research using the approaches of behavioural ecology and sociobiology. These tiny haplodiploid mites are highly specialized plant parasites, producing galls, forming nests, inhabiting refuges or living freely on plants. They reproduce via spermatophores deposited on a substrate and without pairing, which is a fascinating, though still poorly understood, mode of repro- duction widespread in some groups of arthropods. Eriophyoid males can be involved in external sperm competition. In some species they also guard pre-emergent females and deposit spermatophores beside them. Although slow-walking, the minute eriophyoid mites can disperse for long distances on air currents or specific animal carriers. After landing on a plant they can distinguish between suitable and unsuitable hosts. Biological observations on a deuterogynous species indicate that parasociality could occur among eriophyoid mites. Many eriophyoids are of economic importance. Knowledge of their behaviour may promote understanding their ecology, may resolve problems in their phylogeny and may help developing methods for their control. In this paper, attention is directed to dispersal modes of eriophyoid mites, their feeding and host acceptance, spermatophore deposition and mating, defence against predators, and social behaviour. K. Michalska (&) Department of Applied Entomology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland e-mail: [email protected] A.
    [Show full text]
  • Factors Involved in the Success and Establishment of the Field
    FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE SUCCESS AND ESTABLISHMENT OF THE FIELD BINDWEED GALL MITE ACERIA MALHERBAE NUZZACI (ACARI: ERIOPHYIDAE) by Evelyn Rivka Konigsberg A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Land Resources and Environmental Sciences MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana January 2014 ©COPYRIGHT by Evelyn Rivka Konigsberg 2014 All Rights Reserved ii APPROVAL of a thesis submitted by Evelyn Rivka Konigsberg This thesis has been read by each member of the thesis committee and has been found to be satisfactory regarding content, English usage, format, citation, bibliographic style, and consistency and is ready for submission to The Graduate School. Dr. Jeffrey Littlefield (Co-Chair) Dr. Tracy Sterling (Co-Chair) Approved for the Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences Dr. Tracy Sterling Approved for The Graduate School Dr. Karlene A. Hoo iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful for the large time and energy investments of my wonderful advisors, Dr. Jeffrey Littlefield and Dr. Tracy Sterling. I also am grateful to my committee members, including Dr. Lisa Rew, and my funding sources including the United States Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, and the Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences throughout the pursuit of my Master’s degree. Anne de Meij, Joy Barsotti, Rebecca Clemens, Karen Palmer, Alan Erickson, Zuzana Gedeon, Terry Rick and so many others helped me troubleshoot and offered me encouragement along the way. I also greatly appreciate my family, including Alan Erickson and my parents, sisters, and nieces who continuously offered their love and support in addition to advice and support during the writing process.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Guide for the Biological Control of Weeds in Eastern North America
    US Department TECHNOLOGY of Agriculture TRANSFER FIELD GUIDE FOR THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA Rachel L. Winston, Carol B. Randall, Bernd Blossey, Philip W. Tipping, Ellen C. Lake, and Judy Hough-Goldstein Forest Health Technology FHTET-2016-04 Enterprise Team April 2017 The Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team (FHTET) was created in 1995 by the Deputy Chief for State and Private Forestry, USDA, Forest Service, to develop and deliver technologies to protect and improve the health of American forests. This book was published by FHTET as part of the technology transfer series. http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/technology/ Cover photos: Purple loosestrife (Jennifer Andreas, Washington State University Extension), Galerucella calmariensis (David Cappaert, Michigan State University, bugwood.org), tropical soda apple ((J. Jeffrey Mullahey, University of Florida, bugwood.org), Gratiana boliviana (Rodrigo Diaz, Louisiana State University), waterhyacinth (Chris Evans, University of Illinois, bugwood.org), Megamelus scutellaris (Jason D. Stanley, USDA ARS, bugwood.org), mile-a-minute weed (Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, bugwood.org), Rhinoncomimus latipes (Amy Diercks, bugwood.org) How to cite this publication: Winston, R.L., C.B. Randall, B. Blossey, P.W. Tipping, E.C. Lake, and J. Hough-Goldstein. 2017. Field Guide for the Biological Control of Weeds in Eastern North America. USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, Morgantown, West Virginia. FHTET-2016-04. In accordance with
    [Show full text]