Interactions Between Two Biological Control Agents on Lygodium Microphyllum
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Spatial Ecology of the Palm-Leaf Skeletonizer, Homaledra Sabelella (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae)
Spatial Ecology of the Palm-Leaf Skeletonizer, Homaledra sabelella (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) James T. Cronin* Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America Abstract Understanding the processes that determine the distribution of populations is a fundamental goal in ecology. In this study, I determined the relative contribution of space and the biotic and abiotic environment to the distribution of the palm-leaf skeletonizer Homaledra sabalella (PLS; Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) among patchily distributed dwarf palmettos (Sabal minor; Arecaceae). Based on surveys conducted at two sites in the Sherburne Wildlife Management Area, Louisiana, I found that the distribution of the PLS was primarily related to local environmental conditions – number of PLS increased with palmetto height, was greater in dry versus wet habitats, and varied in an inconsistent way with the type of understory cover. Spatial structure of the forest and isolation of the host plant were of minor importance to the distribution of the PLS. Based on a series of experiments, the mechanisms underlying the effects of these environmental variables on PLS abundance were elucidated. Tall palmettos have a greater abundance of PLS because they are 2.5 times more likely to be colonized than small palmettos. Tall palmettos do not represent better hosts (in terms of PLS survival to pupation, pupal length, or risk of parasitism). Similarly, an open understory increased colonization by two-fold, relative to a shrub understory, but understory type had no effect on host quality. Wet soils greatly reduced palmetto quality as a host (survival and pupal length), but only for the smallest palmettos (,0.75 m height). -
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Species Assessment and Listing Priority Assignment Form
U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE SPECIES ASSESSMENT AND LISTING PRIORITY ASSIGNMENT FORM Scientific Name: Dalea carthagenensis floridana Common Name: Florida prairie-clover Lead region: Region 4 (Southeast Region) Information current as of: 03/26/2013 Status/Action ___ Funding provided for a proposed rule. Assessment not updated. ___ Species Assessment - determined species did not meet the definition of the endangered or threatened under the Act and, therefore, was not elevated to the Candidate status. ___ New Candidate _X_ Continuing Candidate ___ Candidate Removal ___ Taxon is more abundant or widespread than previously believed or not subject to the degree of threats sufficient to warrant issuance of a proposed listing or continuance of candidate status ___ Taxon not subject to the degree of threats sufficient to warrant issuance of a proposed listing or continuance of candidate status due, in part or totally, to conservation efforts that remove or reduce the threats to the species ___ Range is no longer a U.S. territory ___ Insufficient information exists on biological vulnerability and threats to support listing ___ Taxon mistakenly included in past notice of review ___ Taxon does not meet the definition of "species" ___ Taxon believed to be extinct ___ Conservation efforts have removed or reduced threats ___ More abundant than believed, diminished threats, or threats eliminated. Petition Information ___ Non-Petitioned _X_ Petitioned - Date petition received: 05/11/2004 90-Day Positive:05/11/2005 12 Month Positive:05/11/2005 Did the -
Fire and Nonnative Invasive Plants September 2008 Zouhar, Kristin; Smith, Jane Kapler; Sutherland, Steve; Brooks, Matthew L
United States Department of Agriculture Wildland Fire in Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Ecosystems General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-42- volume 6 Fire and Nonnative Invasive Plants September 2008 Zouhar, Kristin; Smith, Jane Kapler; Sutherland, Steve; Brooks, Matthew L. 2008. Wildland fire in ecosystems: fire and nonnative invasive plants. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-42-vol. 6. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 355 p. Abstract—This state-of-knowledge review of information on relationships between wildland fire and nonnative invasive plants can assist fire managers and other land managers concerned with prevention, detection, and eradi- cation or control of nonnative invasive plants. The 16 chapters in this volume synthesize ecological and botanical principles regarding relationships between wildland fire and nonnative invasive plants, identify the nonnative invasive species currently of greatest concern in major bioregions of the United States, and describe emerging fire-invasive issues in each bioregion and throughout the nation. This volume can help increase understanding of plant invasions and fire and can be used in fire management and ecosystem-based management planning. The volume’s first part summarizes fundamental concepts regarding fire effects on invasions by nonnative plants, effects of plant invasions on fuels and fire regimes, and use of fire to control plant invasions. The second part identifies the nonnative invasive species of greatest concern and synthesizes information on the three topics covered in part one for nonnative inva- sives in seven major bioregions of the United States: Northeast, Southeast, Central, Interior West, Southwest Coastal, Northwest Coastal (including Alaska), and Hawaiian Islands. -
The Biology of Casmara Subagronoma (Lepidoptera
insects Article The Biology of Casmara subagronoma (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae), a Stem-Boring Moth of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Myrtaceae): Descriptions of the Previously Unknown Adult Female and Immature Stages, and Its Potential as a Biological Control Candidate Susan A. Wineriter-Wright 1, Melissa C. Smith 1,* , Mark A. Metz 2 , Jeffrey R. Makinson 3 , Bradley T. Brown 3, Matthew F. Purcell 3, Kane L. Barr 4 and Paul D. Pratt 5 1 USDA-ARS Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA; [email protected] 2 USDA-ARS Systematic Entomology Lab, Beltsville, MD 20013-7012, USA; [email protected] 3 USDA-ARS Australian Biological Control Laboratory, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Dutton Park QLD 4102, Australia; jeff[email protected] (J.R.M.); [email protected] (B.T.B.); [email protected] (M.F.P.) 4 USDA-ARS Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; [email protected] 5 USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center, Invasive Species and Pollinator Health Research Unit, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-954-475-6549 Received: 27 August 2020; Accepted: 16 September 2020; Published: 23 September 2020 Simple Summary: Rhodomyrtus tomentosa is a perennial woody shrub throughout Southeast Asia. Due to its prolific flower and fruit production, it was introduced into subtropical areas such as Florida and Hawai’i, where it is now naturalized and invasive. In an effort to find sustainable means to control R. tomentosa, a large-scale survey was mounted for biological control organisms. -
Current and Potential Use of Phytophagous Mites As Biological Control Agent of Weeds
Chapter 5 Current and Potential Use of Phytophagous Mites as Biological Control Agent of Weeds Carlos Vásquez, Yelitza Colmenárez, José Morales-Sánchez, Neicy Valera, María F. Sandoval and Diego Balza Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/59953 1. Introduction Biological control of weeds by using phytophagous mites may help to contain infestations and reduce their spread in time. Although, eradication is not the goal due to the vastness of the areas, the most desirable scenario is achieved when weeds are no longer a concern and no other control is necessary. However, biological control should not be considered the unique strategy to face weed problems, thus commonly; other methods are still required to attain the desired level of control. There is an increasingly interest in using mites for biological control of weeds, primarily those belonging to Eriophyidae because of they are host-specific and often weaken the host plant affecting plant growth and reproduction. Although eriophyid mite species impact the fitness of their host plant, it is not clear how much they have contributed to reduction of the population of the target weed. In some cases, natural enemies, resistant plant genotypes, and adverse abiotic conditions have reduced the ability of eriophyid mites to control target weed popula‐ tions. Besides, susceptibility of eriophyids to predators and pathogens may also prevent them from achieving population densities necessary to reduce host plant populations. In addition to eriophyid mites, tetranychid mites are also being considered as an alternative for weed control. The gorse spider mite, Tetranychus lintearius Dufour, has shown to reduce shoot growth on gorse (Ulex europaeus L.) by around 36% in impact studies conducted over 2.5 years in Tasmania. -
Potential Distribution of the Invasive Old World Climbing Fern, Lygodium Microphyllum in North and South America
1 Running title: Potential distribution of invasive fern Potential distribution of the invasive Old World climbing fern, Lygodium microphyllum in North and South America John A. Goolsby, United States Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Australian Biological Control Laboratory, CSIRO Long Pocket Laboratories, 120 Meiers Rd. Indooroopilly, Queensland, Australia 4068 email: [email protected] 2100 words 2 Abstract: The climate matching program CLIMEX is used to predict the potential distribution of the fern, Lygodium microphyllum in North and South America, with particular reference to Florida, USA where it is invasive. A predictive model was fitted to express the known distribution of the fern. Several new collection locations were incorporated into the model based on surveys for the plant near its ecoclimatic limits in China and Australia. The model predicts that the climate is suitable for further expansion of L. microphyllum north into central Florida. Large parts of the Caribbean, Central and South America are also at risk. Index terms: Invasive species, weeds, Florida Everglades, predictive modeling, CLIMEX. INTRODUCTION Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br. (Lygodiaceae, Pteridophyta), the Old World climbing fern, is native to the Old World wet tropics and subtropics of Africa, Asia, Australia, and Oceania (Pemberton 1998). It is an aggressive invasive weed in southern Florida, USA (Pemberton and Ferriter 1998) and is classified as a Category I invasive species by the Florida Exotic Plant Pest Council (Langeland and Craddock Burks 1998). It was first found to be naturalized in Florida 1965; however, its rapid spread is now a serious concern because of its dominance over native vegetation. -
Florida Exotic Pest Plant Councils 2017 List Of
CATEGORY II (continued) Gov. The 2017 list was prepared by the Scientific Name** Common Name List Zone FLEPPC List Definitions: Exotic – a species FLEPPC Plant List Committee Florida Exotic Pest Plant Tradescantia spathacea oyster plant C, S introduced to Florida, purposefully or accidentally, from a (Rhoeo spathacea, Rhoeo discolor) natural range outside of Florida. Native – a species Patricia L. Howell, Chair 2012-2017, Broward Tribulus cistoides puncture vine, burr-nut N, C, S Council’s 2017 List of whose natural range includes Florida. Naturalized County Parks, Natural Resources and Land Vitex trifolia simple-leaf chaste tree C, S Management Section, [email protected] Washingtonia robusta Washington fan palm C, S exotic – an exotic that sustains itself outside cultivation Invasive Plant Species Wisteria sinensis Chinese wisteria N, C (it is still exotic; it has not “become” native). Invasive Stephen H. Brown, UF / IFAS Lee County Xanthosoma sagittifolium malanga, elephant ear N, C, S exotic – an exotic that not only has naturalized, Extension, Parks and Recreation Division, The mission of the Florida Exotic Pest Plant but is expanding on its own in Florida native plant [email protected] Council is to support the management of invasive Recent changes to plant names exotic plants in Florida’s natural areas by communities. Janice Duquesnel, Florida Park Service, Florida providing a forum for the exchange of scientific, Department of Environmental Protection, educational and technical information. Old Name New Name Abbreviations: Government List (Gov. List): [email protected] www.fleppc.org Possession, propagation, sale, and/or transport of Aleurites fordii Vernicia fordii David W. -
Invasive Alien Species in Protected Areas
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND PROTECTED AREAS A SCOPING REPORT Produced for the World Bank as a contribution to the Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP) March 2007 PART I SCOPING THE SCALE AND NATURE OF INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES THREATS TO PROTECTED AREAS, IMPEDIMENTS TO IAS MANAGEMENT AND MEANS TO ADDRESS THOSE IMPEDIMENTS. Produced by Maj De Poorter (Invasive Species Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of IUCN - The World Conservation Union) with additional material by Syama Pagad (Invasive Species Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of IUCN - The World Conservation Union) and Mohammed Irfan Ullah (Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Bangalore, India, [email protected]) Disclaimer: the designation of geographical entities in this report does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN, ISSG, GISP (or its Partners) or the World Bank, concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delineation of its frontiers or boundaries. 1 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...........................................................................................4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...........................................................................................6 GLOSSARY ..................................................................................................................9 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................12 1.1 Invasive alien -
An Ultrastructural Study of the Relationship Between the Mite Floracarus Perrepae Knihinicki & Boczek (Acariformes:Eriophyidae) and the Fern
1 Running title: Floracarus ultrastructure For submission to Australian Journal of Entomology An ultrastructural study of the relationship between the mite Floracarus perrepae Knihinicki & Boczek (Acariformes:Eriophyidae) and the fern Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br. (Lygodiaceae) Thomas P. Freeman,1* John A. Goolsby,2 Sebahat K. Ozman,3 Dennis R. Nelson4 1North Dakota State University, Department of Plant Pathology, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Fargo, North Dakota, USA 2USDA-ARS, Australian Biological Control Laboratory, 120 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, 4068, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 3CRC for Tropical Plant Protection and Dept. of Zoology and Entomology, The University of Queensland, 4072, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; current address, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, 55139, Samsun, Turkey 4USDA-ARS, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, North Dakota, USA *Corresponding author (email: [email protected], telephone: 701-231-8234, facsimile: 701-239-1395) 2 ABSTRACT The ultrastructure of Floracarus perrepae was investigated in relation to its host, Lygodium microphyllum. Feeding by the mite induces a change in epidermal cell size, and cell division is stimulated by mite feeding, causing the leaf margin to curl over into a roll with two to three windings. The enlarged epidermal layer greatly increases its cytoplasmic contents, which become a nutritive tissue for the mite and its progeny. The structure and depth of stylet penetration by the mite, and the thickness of the epidermal cell wall of L. microphyllum, does not appear to account for the mite’s differential ability to induce leaf rolling in its co- adapted host from southeast Queensland but not in the invasive genotype of the fern in Florida. -
List of the Lepidoptera of Black Sturgeon Lake, Northwestern Ontario, and Dates of Adult Occurrence
The Great Lakes Entomologist Volume 24 Number 1 - Spring 1991 Number 1 - Spring 1991 Article 8 March 1991 List of the Lepidoptera of Black Sturgeon Lake, Northwestern Ontario, and Dates of Adult Occurrence C. J. Sanders Forestry Canada Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Sanders, C. J. 1991. "List of the Lepidoptera of Black Sturgeon Lake, Northwestern Ontario, and Dates of Adult Occurrence," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 24 (1) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol24/iss1/8 This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. Sanders: List of the Lepidoptera of Black Sturgeon Lake, Northwestern Onta 1991 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 51 LIST OF THE LEPIDOPTERA OF BLACK STURGEON LAKE, NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO, AND DATES OF ADULT OCCURRENCE C.J. SandersI ABSTRACT From May to September each year from 1960 through 1968, a collection of Lepidoptera was made at Black Sturgeon Lake, northwestern Ontario, from speci mens captured in a light trap and from specimens netted during the day. A total of 564 species was recorded from 70 families. A list of the species with dates of capture is presented. From 1960 through 1968, a 15-watt black-light trap was operated each year at a Forestry Canada field station at Black Sturgeon Lake, northwestern Ontario. -
Matching the Origin of an Invasive Weed for Selection of a Herbivore
Molecular Ecology (2006) 15, 287–297 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02788.x MatchingBlackwell Publishing Ltd the origin of an invasive weed for selection of a herbivore haplotype for a biological control programme JOHN A. GOOLSBY,*† PAUL J. DE BARRO,‡ JEFFREY R. MAKINSON,†,‡ ROBERT W. PEMBERTON,§ DIANA M. HARTLEY¶ and DONALD R. FROHLICH** *United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beneficial Insects Research Unit, 2413 E. Hwy. 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA, †United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Australian Biological Control Laboratory, CSIRO Long Pocket Laboratories, Indooroopilly, Queensland 4068, Australia, ‡CSIRO Entomology, Long Pocket Laboratories, 120 Meiers Rd, Indooroopilly, Queensland 4068, Australia, §United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, 3205 College Ave. Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA, ¶CSIRO Entomology, Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross St., ACT 2601, Australia, **Department of Biology, University of St Thomas, 3800 Montrose Blvd, Houston, TX 77006, USA Abstract The Florida Everglades have been invaded by an exotic weed fern, Lygodium microphyllum. Across its native distribution in the Old World tropics from Africa to Australasia it was found to have multiple location-specific haplotypes. Within this distribution, the climbing fern is attacked by a phytophagous mite, Floracarus perrepae, also with multiple haplotypes. The genetic relationship between mite and fern haplotypes was matched by an overarching geographical relationship between the two. Further, mites that occur in the same location as a particular fern haplotype were better able to utilize the fern than mites from more distant locations. From a biological control context, we are able to show that the weed fern in the Everglades most likely originated in northern Queensland, Australia/Papua New Guinea and that the mite from northern Queensland offers the greatest prospect for control. -
Notes on the Species of Acrobasis, with De- Scriptions of New Ones
OF WASHINGTON. 41 Doctor Dyar presented the following papers : NOTES ON THE SPECIES OF ACROBASIS, WITH DE- SCRIPTIONS OF NEW ONES. [Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Phycitinse.] By HARRISON G. DYAR. Mr. Charles R. Ely, of Washington, D. C, recently left with me a box of pyralids collected by himself, among which were some Phycitinae. These contained such a fine series of Acrobasis (over half of the specimens being of this genus) that I was induced to review the species listed in the genus. The species of Acrobasis Zeller have a raised ridge of scales near the base of the fore wings; the males have a small projection on the basal joint of the antennas and, in some species, various tracts of modified black scales on the under- side of the wings. Doctor Hulst, in reviewing the genus (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xvn, p. 123, 1890), casts doubt on the specific value of these black markings, but for myself, I be- lieve in them entirely, as they are not variable in the several species. They are secondary sexual characters, of as much importance as the projection on the antennse, which Doctor Hulst uses for generic definition. While I think that these characters ought not to be used as generic, there is certainly no doubt of their specific value. I would base the separation of the species primarily upon them, as in the following table. In several instances species are indistinguishable as imagines, but have dissimilar larval habits and food plants. These are bracketed in the table. No attempt should be made to identify species without male specimens, much less to found new spe- cies on such material.