Christian Marín Serrano Samuel Gregorio Ramón Final Thesis 2011

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Christian Marín Serrano Samuel Gregorio Ramón Final Thesis 2011 Christian Marín Serrano Samuel Gregorio Ramón Final thesis 2011 2 INDEX Prefacio ......................................................................................................................................... 5 1. Introducción (español) .............................................................................................................. 6 1.1. Motivación ......................................................................................................................... 6 1.2. Estructura ........................................................................................................................... 7 1.3. Metodología ....................................................................................................................... 8 1.4. Agradecimientos ................................................................................................................ 8 1. Introduction............................................................................................................................... 9 1.1. Motivation .......................................................................................................................... 9 1.2. Structure ........................................................................................................................... 10 1.3. Metodology ...................................................................................................................... 10 1.4. Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... 11 2. Theoretical Framework ........................................................................................................... 12 2.1. Overview of ICT ................................................................................................................ 12 2.2. The ICT sector in China ..................................................................................................... 13 3. China, the best opportunity for the enterpreneur .................................................................. 29 3.1. Importing/exporting from/to China ................................................................................. 29 3.2. Production in China .......................................................................................................... 39 3.3. Business in China .............................................................................................................. 41 3.4. Representative Office ....................................................................................................... 44 3.5. Conclusions ...................................................................................................................... 47 4. R&D and Innovation in China .................................................................................................. 50 4.1. R&D of Multinationals in China: Structure, Motivations and Regional Difference .......... 50 4.2. Myth and reality about R&D in China .............................................................................. 51 4.3. Patents applications in China ........................................................................................... 52 4.4. Intellectual Property Rights in China ................................................................................ 55 4.5. The protection of intellectual property rights improvement in China............................. 60 4.6. Conclusions ...................................................................................................................... 61 5. Aplicación del estudio ............................................................................................................ 63 6. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 67 6. Conclusión (español) ............................................................................................................... 70 3 7. Business plan: GYMSHOU ........................................................................................................ 73 7.1. Executive summary .......................................................................................................... 76 7.2. Environment analysis ....................................................................................................... 83 7.3. Marketing plan ................................................................................................................. 94 7.4. Definition of the product, service and market .............................................................. 102 7.5. Production plan or operations and quality .................................................................... 115 7.6. Plan of the organization and HR .................................................................................... 123 7.7. Juridical plan fiscal ......................................................................................................... 129 7.8. Financial economic plan ................................................................................................ 135 8. Annexes ................................................................................................................................. 142 9. References ............................................................................................................................. 222 4 Prefacio Esta tesis es el resultado de un proceso de trabajo intenso y difícil que hemos llevado a cabo en Beijing. A lo largo de la escritura del proyecto, hemos aprendido mucho. Sobre todo hemos complementado nuestro perfil académico de ingenieros con conocimiento en innovación, gestión y el espíritu empresarial. Además, la oportunidad de investigar y escribir el proyecto en otro país nos ha permitido experimentar otro sistema educativo, aprender una nueva cultura y ver las cosas desde nuevos puntos de vista. Querríamos expresar nuestro más sincero agradecimiento a toda la gente que me nos ha acompañado durante nuestra estancia en Beijing, así como a nuestros colegas de la ETSETB, los Habaneros, los amigos del Local en Hospitalet e Ibiza. Agradecimientos Christian Querría darle las gracias a toda mi familia por confiar siempre en mí. En especial a mis tíos y Cristina por todo el apoyo que me han dado. Y sobretodo, a mis padres por todo lo que han luchado por llevar mi familia adelante y regalarme esta vida desde la más profunda humildad. Agradecimientos Samuel Este proyecto no habría sido posible sin el apoyo de muchas personas. Pero especialmente, me gustaría dar las gracias a mi madre, a mi padre y a Mire, por todo el cariño que me han mandado aún estando muy lejos. Todo el esfuerzo y trabajo se lo dedico a ellos. También me quiero acordar de algunos que no están. Ellos son mis abuelos y Cheli, gracias por todo lo vivido con vosotros. También os lo dedico. Por otro lado… venir a China nos a brindado la oportunidad de vivir y estudiar en un mundo tan diferente que nos ha motivado a escribir un libro. Para los más curiosos y quienes quieran conocer el mundo paralelo que se vivió realizando esta tesis, les invitamos a leer “2 petaos en Pekín”, un libro que con nuestro carácter emprendedor esperamos publicar este año, 2011. 5 1. Introducción (español) 1.1. Motivación China se está convirtiendo en una de las potencias económicas a nivel mundial, y si sigue así, los estudios dicen que en 20 años se posicionará como líder indiscutible tanto por la magnitud de su mercado interno como por la evolución de crecimiento de la renda por capital. Estamos ante la primera potencia mundial en cuanto a población (1300 millones de personas, más del 20% del total mundial) y ya se ha convertido en la segunda economía mundial (PIB de 6 billones de US$ en 2010). Asimismo, la República Popular China ocupa el cuarto puesto mundial cuanto a superficie geográfica (9,6 millones de kilómetros cuadrados, viéndose sólo sobrepasada en tamaño por Rusia, Canadá y los EEUU). La grandeza de su mercado interior, con una clase media en continua expansión, también lo posicionan como un futuro líder. Este hecho está conduciendo a las empresas de todo el mundo a posicionarse como exportadoras y en inversiones directas. En este sentido, tanto empresarios como instituciones o académicos están acostumbrados a trabajar en un entorno occidental, donde existe una amplia infraestructura informativa, dotada de sistemas estadísticos sólidos y homogéneos. En Europa se cuenta con numerosas referencias que tratan caso todos los aspectos necesarios que un directivo ha de analizar antes de decidir cómo gestionar los recursos de su empresa. Sin embargo, esta realidad no es aplicable a las decisiones de internacionalización en China. La República Popular China no es sólo un país de tremendos contrastes, sino una economía en vías de desarrollo que no cuenta con fuentes de información veraces y carece de una infraestructura mínima de gestión de datos. Así, el directivo europeo se enfrenta en China a la necesidad de tomar decisiones estratégicas sobre un mercado muy complejo, sin contar con el más básico elemento: Información. Tradicionalmente la inversión extrajera se ha concentrado en la exportación de productos de fabricación oriental. La mano de obra china sigue siendo una de las más atractivas del mundo en cuanto a su relación salario / calidad. Sin embargo, en los últimos años, se ha producido un cambio gradual hacia la venta
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