Guidelines for Development of Integrated Multipurpose Animal

19 19 ISSN 1810-0708 Development of integrated multipurpose animal recording systems Development of integrated multipurpose animal recording FAO ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTH The Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources, adopted in 2007, is the first internationally agreed framework for the management of biodiversity in the livestock sector. It calls for the development of technical guidelines to support countries in their implementation efforts. Guidelines on the Preparation of national strategies and action plans for animal genetic resources were published by FAO in 2009 and are being complemented by a series of guideline publications addressing specific technical subjects. These guidelines on development of integrated multipurpose animal recording systems address Strategic Priority Area 2 of the Global Plan of Action – “Sustainable use and development”. They have been endorsed by the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Animal identification and recording serve multiple purposes in a national livestock sector. They are a prerequisite to establishing and operating a genetic improvement programme and facilitate the monitoring of animal genetic resources. They also contribute to animal traceability and disease control. Traceability of animals and their guidelines products helps to identify sources of risk quickly and prevent contaminated or poor quality products from reaching consumers. Implementation of animal identification and traceability systems can enhance market access and generate larger incomes for producers and other players in the value chain, and help to deter livestock theft and prevent fraud. Therefore, animal identification and recording systems are not just information systems, they are also a powerful tool for livestock development and can contribute to global demands for food security and poverty alleviation. These guidelines adopt a broad approach to animal recording that accounts for the multiple purposes and uses, and translate this approach into multipurpose animal recording systems that integrate animal identification and registration, animal DEVELOPMENT OF traceability, animal health information and performance recording. The guidelines describe the step-by-step process of developing such systems. INTEGRATED MULTIPURPOSE ANIMAL RECORDING SYSTEMS FAO 19 FAO ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTH guidelines DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATED MULTIPURPOSE ANIMAL RECORDING SYSTEMS FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2016 Recommended citation FAO. 2016. Development of integrated multipurpose animal recording systems. FAO Animal Production and Health Guidelines. No. 19. Rome. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-109256-9 © FAO, 2016 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request or addressed to [email protected]. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. iii Contents Foreword ix Acknowledgements xi Acronyms xiii Definitions xv Structure of the guidelines xvii PART 1 Setting the scene 1 Section I. Background and rationale 3 Introduction 3 Objectives 3 Benefits and beneficiaries 4 State of implementation of animal recording systems 8 Key points for consideration 11 Review of existing guidelines 13 Section II. Strategic approach 17 Introduction 17 Objective 17 The concept of a multipurpose approach 17 Multipurpose integrated systems 17 The process for developing an animal recording system 20 PART 2 Developing the concept 23 Section III. Animal identification and registration 25 Introduction 25 Objective 25 Developing the conceptual framework 25 Section IV. Animal traceability 39 Introduction 39 Objective 39 Developing the conceptual framework 39 iv Section V. Animal health information 49 Introduction 49 Objective 49 Developing the conceptual framework 49 Section VI. Performance recording 61 Introduction 61 Objectives 61 Developing the conceptual framework 61 PART 3 Putting the concept into practice 77 Section VII. Developing the strategic plan 79 Introduction 79 Objective 79 Tasks and actions for preparing the strategic plan 79 Section VIII. Designing and developing the IT system 95 Introduction 95 Objective 95 Tasks and actions for developing the IT system 95 Section IX. Evaluating investment decisions 115 Introduction 115 Objective 115 Tasks and actions for evaluating costs and benefits 115 Section X. Developing the legal framework 129 Introduction 129 Objective 129 Tasks and actions for developing the legal framework 129 Section XI. Implementing the animal recording system 145 Introduction 145 Objective 145 Tasks and actions for implementing the animal recording system 145 I. The preparatory phase 145 II. The execution phase 150 III. The maintenance phase 155 v References 159 ANNEX Estimation of the costs for various animal identification, registration and traceability scenarios 163 1. Full traceability with electronic identification 163 2. Full traceability with visual identification 165 3. Group traceability 167 vi BOXES 1. Flow of performance recording benefits through the value chain: a dairy example 6 2. Adapting animal recording systems to the low-input production environments of developing countries 16 3. Algorithm to calculate a check digit 28 4. ISO standards for conformance and performance of electronic identification devices 34 5. Tracking movements between various premises 44 6. “Sample” definition 54 7. Standard operating procedures for milk recording in dairy cattle – an example from India 72 8. Animal identification and traceability system unit: job descriptions 90 9. Standard process for the creation of an IT system 96 10. Description of a functionality 106 11. The National Dairy Development Board’s Information Network for Animal Productivity and Health (INAPH) 111 12. Advantages and disadvantages of establishing an animal identification, registration and traceability system gradually (only newborn animals) or for the whole population at once 121 13. International OIE standards for the design and implementation of identification systems to achieve animal traceability 131 14. Key regulatory areas that may require consideration or amendment when implementing an animal identification and traceability system 133 15. Key differences between primary and secondary legislation 135 16. Animal recording legislation and legislative traditions 136 17. Different options for animal recording legislation 137 18: Traditional traceability models and nomadic pastoralism 142 TABLES 1. Advantages, challenges and costs of various types of animal identification 36 2. Potential stakeholders interested in PR systems 62 3. Types of PR systems and their general characteristics 65 4. A (non-exhaustive) list of measurable traits 68 5. Data sources and persons collecting data for PR systems: the dairy sector 71 6. IT system objectives to be adopted and/or reformulated based on a country’s circumstances 99 7. Scope of an IT system 100 8. Actors and their responsibilities 101 9. Data input and output interfaces 102 10. First entry lines of a table of functionalities 104 11. Hosting service requirements 113 12. Typical operating costs for animal identification and traceability systems 116 13. Cost items for identification, registration and traceability systems 117 vii 14. Average cost per newborn calf registered under three scenarios 121 15. Classification of benefits according to impact 125 16. Process for implementing animal recording activities 146 17. Simulation parameters 164 18. Summary of costs of implementing a traceability system with electronic identifiers 166 19. Summary of costs of implementing a traceability system with plastic ear tags 166 20. Summary of costs of implementing a group traceability system 167 FIGURES 1. The process for preparing and implementing an animal recording system xvi 2. Global approach to animal recording 18 3. An integrated animal recording system with animal identification and registration as the core component 19 4. Schematic representation of a premises register 26 5. Schematic representation of relationships between keepers, owners and premises 29 6. An example of a tamper-proof test, showing reusable tags (left) and non-reusable tags (right) 30 7. Examples

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