Potential Biological Control Agents of Skunkvine, Paederia Foetida (Rubiaceae), Recently Discovered in Thailand and Laos

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Potential Biological Control Agents of Skunkvine, Paederia Foetida (Rubiaceae), Recently Discovered in Thailand and Laos

Session 4 Target and Agent Selection 199 Potential Biological Control Agents of Skunkvine, Paederia foetida (Rubiaceae), Recently Discovered in Thailand and Laos M. M. Ramadan, W. T. Nagamine and R. C. Bautista State of Hawaii Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry, Plant Pest Control Branch, 1428 South King Street, Honolulu, HAWAII 96814, USA [email protected] Abstract The skunkvine, Paederia foetida L., also known as Maile pilau in Hawaii, is an invasive weed that smothers shrubs, trees, and native flora in dry to wet forests. It disrupts perennial crops and takes over landscaping in moist to wet areas on four Hawaiian Islands. Skunk-vine is considered a noxious weed in southern United States (Alabama and Florida) and also an aggressive weed in Brazil, New Guinea, Christmas and Mauritius Islands. Chemical control is difficult without non-target damage as the vine mixes up with desirable plants. Biological control is thought to be the most suitable option for long term management of the weed in Hawaii and Florida. Skunk-vine and most species of genus Paederia are native to tropical and subtropical Asia, from as far as India to Japan and Southeast Asia. There are no native plants in the tribe Paederieae in Hawaii and Florida and the potential for biological control looks promising. A recent survey in October-December 2010, after the rainy season in Thailand and Laos, confirmed the presence of several insect herbivores associated with P. foetida and three other Paederia species. A leaf- tying moth (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), two hawk moths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), a herbivorous rove beetle (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), a chrysomelid leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a sharpshooter leafhopper (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), and a leaf-sucking lace bug (Hemiptera: Tingidae) were the most damaging to the vine during the survey period. The beetles are being investigated at the HDOA Insect Containment Facility as potential candidates for biological control of Maile pilau in Hawaii. Initial findings on host specificity, biology, and their potential for suppressing this weed are discussed. XIII International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds - 2011.

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