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Key to the Snails of the Bristol Region

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Key to the Snails of the Bristol Region Key to the SNAILS of the Bristol Region Andrew Daw Tessa Ivison This publication has been supported by the Friends of Bristol’s Museums, Galleries and Archives www.brerc.org.uk SNAILS of the Bristol Region External Characteristics Shapes of Shell Pointed Globular Flat Shell Features Shell Features Counting Whorls Draw a line across the shell lined up with the centre. The number of complete whorls (first whorl shown in red) will match the number of times the line crosses the spiral – here 3. Add on the amount for any incomplete whorls to give the final count – this gives a total of 3.25 whorls for this example. Whorls A = Slowly expanding (or tightly packed) whorls. B = Rapidly expanding whorls. Teeth Some species of snails have teeth-like features in the mouth of the shell. Illustrations Each set of illustrations for a snail will include a life-size representation of the snail in the bottom left hand corner. The other parts of the illustration will be shown at a scale indicated by a scale bar in cm or mm and a magnification (e.g. 3x). Key 1 Height of shell greater than width. ………... 2 Height of shell not greater than width. ………... 18 2 Mouth of shell to left (sinistral). ………... 3 Mouth of shell to right (dextral). ………... 5 TALL, THIN, LEFT SIDED SHELLS Tree Snail 3 Teeth absent. ………... Balea perversa Mouth square. Rocky outcrops & stone walls. Teeth present. ………... 4 Plaited Door Snail Rolph’s Door Snail Two-toothed Door Snail Cochlodina laminata Macrogastra rolphii Clausilia bidentata 4 Shell smooth, glossy & Distinct vertical ribbing, widest Distinct growth lines, widest translucent with only faint point of shell greater than 3mm. point of shell less than 3mm. growth lines. Woodland leaf litter & rocky Leaf litter in woodland & Common; climbs trees & walls outcrops. hedges. when wet. TALL, THIN, RIGHT SIDED SHELLS 5 Height greater than 10 mm. ………... 6 Height between 4 -10 mm. ………... 9 Height up to 4 mm. ………... 13 TALL, THIN, RIGHT SIDED SHELLS GREATER THAN 10mm Mouth greater than half the height of the ………... 8 6 whole shell. Very rapidly expanding whorls. Mouth less than half the height of the ………... 7 whole shell. Round-Mouthed Snail Pointed Snail Mountain Bulin Pomatias elegans Cochlicella acuta Ena montana 7 Shell wide and thick with deep Very tall & thin, though height Found in ancient woodland and horizontal striations. variable (10-30 mm). hedgerows. Live specimens have Shell white or ginger with or Rare. operculum (‘trap door’). without dark bands or blotches. Common in moist calcareous Coastal dunes & grassland. areas. See 12 (Ena obscura ) Shell greater than 12mm in height. ………... Amber Snail 8 Adult snail has a pale body colour. Succinea putris Common in fens, marshes and reedbeds Shell no more than 12mm in height. ………... Pfeiffer’s Amber Snail Adult has a dark body colour. Oxyloma pfeifferi Similar habitats to S. putris TALL, THIN, RIGHT SIDED SHELLS 4-10 mm TALL 9 Teeth present. ......... 10 Teeth absent. ......... 11 Large Chrysalis Snail Three-toothed Snail Abida secale Azeca goodalli 10 Shell thick, rough & strongly striated. Shell thin & glossy, brown or white. Rocky outcrops & open habitats in calcareous Shell pattern variable. areas. Leaf litter in woodlands. Mouth greater than half the height of the ………... 8 11 whole shell. Very rapidly expanding whorls. Mouth less than half the height of the ………... 12 whole shell. Blind Snail Slippery Snail Lesser Bulin Ceciloides acicula Cochlicopa lubrica Ena obscura 12 or Least Slippery Snail Cochlicopa lubricella Illustrated: Cochlicopa lubrica Shell very narrow Shell smooth and very glossy Shell dull, fine growth lines and (approximately 1mm), mouth Dissection of shell needed – thick white lip. large. see Kerney & Cameron. Woodland & scrub. Lives underground in Common in a variety of calcareous habitats, may be habitats. found near surface in mole hills. See 7 (Ena montana ) TALL, THIN RIGHT SIDED SHELLS LESS THAN 4 mm TALL 13 Mouth with one or no teeth. ......... 14 Mouth with more than one tooth. ......... 17 Mouth with distinctly thickened lip. ......... 15 14 Mouth without thickened lip. ......... 16 Chrysalis Snail Moss Snail Lauria cylindracea Pupilla muscorum 15 Single tooth contiguous with lip. Single or no tooth, lip not connected. Lip of the shell is pale in fresh specimens. Pale stripe behind mouth of shell. Common, often found under Ivy on stone walls. Open grassland, rocky outcrops, walls & sand dunes. Point Snail Chrysalis Snails Acicula fusca Columella sp. 16 Shell with distinct vertical ribbing. Shell with only very faint striations. moist leaf litter or moss in ancient woodland. Common in damp and calcareous areas. TALL, THIN RIGHT SIDED SHELLS LESS THAN 4 mm TALL Herald Snails English Chrysalis Snail Common Whorl Snail Carychium tridentatum & Leiostyla anglica Vertigo pygmaea 17 C. minimum Illustrated: Carychium tridentatum Examination of internal shell Mouth ‘pinched’. Full mouth! characteristics needed. See Damp places in woods & Dry calcareous grassland & Kerney & Cameron. marshes. sand dunes. Variety of habitats. C. minimum prefers wetter places. SHELL GLOBULAR OR FLAT IN SHAPE 18 Width of shell greater than 25mm. ......... 19 Width of shell 7 – 25mm. ......... 20 Width of shell 3 - 7mm. ......... 34 Width of shell less than 3mm. ......... 37 WIDTH OF SHELL GREATER THAN 25 mm Roman Snail 19 Shell creamy yellow. ......... Helix pomatia Loose calcareous soil, generally not in gardens. Shell blotched, striped Garden Snail or flecked dark brown. ......... Helix aspersa Umbilicus absent. Found in gardens, generally not in woodland or scrub. WIDTH OF SHELL 7-25 mm 20 Shell sharply keeled. ......... 21 Shell with blunt or no keel. ......... 22 WIDTH OF SHELL 7-25 mm Lapidary Snail Girdled Snail Helicigona lapicida Hygromia cinctella 21 Large umbilicus. Small umbilicus. Rocky ground & stone walls in calcareous areas. Woods, hedgerows, orchards & gardens. • note size difference and relative umbilicus size • see also 24 (Candidula ) and 30 (Trichia striolata ) Shell with dark spiral bands, flecking or ......... 23 22 blotching. Shell white, yellow or brown with no ......... 28 (Helicidae ) darker bands or blotching. Shell with flecking or blotching with or ......... 24 23 without dark spiral band. Shell with dark spiral bands but no ......... 25 flecking or blotching. WIDTH OF SHELL 7-25 mm Copse Snail Wrinkled Snail & Eccentric Rounded Snail Arianta arbustorum Snail Discus rotundatus 24 Candidula intersecta & Candidula gigaxii Illustration: Candidula intersecta Shell globular and may have The amount of stripes on the Shell flattened, very large blotches. shell can be variable, or absent. umbilicus. May be confused with 19 Height of shell less than ¾ of Moist areas. (Garden Snail), note presence width. of umbilicus here. Shell spire flattened with Moist habitats. Candidula gigaxii. Calcareous areas. Consider young specimens of 26 (C. virgata ). 25 Base colour of shell whitish. ......... 26 Base colour of shell yellow, brown or ......... 27 pinkish brown. Banded Snail Heath Snail Cernuella virgata Helicella itala 26 Shell globular, spire raised (height at least ¾ of Flattened on top, large umbilicus. width), and umbilicus small. Dry, exposed calcareous areas. The amount of stripes on the shell can be variable, or absent. Dry, exposed calcareous areas. WIDTH OF SHELL 7-25 mm White-lipped Snail Shell with white lip. ......... Cepaea hortensis 27 Brown-lipped Snail Shell with brown lip. ......... Cepaea nemoralis *young and growing snails may lack lip making identification difficult. • The number and thickness of stripes are very variable with both C. hortensis and C. nemoralis . • The colouration of the shells can be variable too, from yellow, through brown to pink. GLOBULAR SHELLS 7-25 mm WIDE WITH NO DARKER BANDS OR DARK BLOTCHING Shell hairy. ......... 29 Warning: 28 • hairs may wear off adults • juveniles of several species are hairy Shell not hairy. ......... 30 GLOBULAR SHELLS 7-25 mm WIDE WITH NO DARKER BANDS OR DARK BLOTCHING Hairy Snail Silky Snail Trichia hispida Ashfordia granulata 29 Obvious umbilicus. Very small umbilicus. Common in a variety of habitats. Damp, shady places. See also 30 (Trichia striolata ). Warning: hairs may wear off, check in the umbilicus. Juveniles of many species are hairy. Strawberry Snail Shell has dull keel with pale band just ......... Trichia striolata 30 inside lip of shell. Adult shell usually greater than 10mm wide. Gardens, hedges, woodlands. * hairy when young Shell not like this. ......... 31 Kentish Snail Shell colour white to transparent, pinkish ......... Monacha cantiana 31 tinge near mouth. Not found in woodland Shell colour not like this. ……… 32 GLOBULAR SHELLS 7-25 mm WIDE WITH NO DARKER BANDS OR DARK BLOTCHING Shell flattened, glossy or waxy, ......... Aegopinella & Oxychilus 32 obviously wider than tall. See Table 1. Shell not this shape. ......... 33 Table 1 Oxychilus and Aegopinella Characteristics Adult Shell Width Spire Shell colour & No. of Whorls Draparnaud’s Snail 11-16 mm very flattened yellow-brown, slightly Oxychilus draparnaudi 5.5-6 whorls opaque, waxy Cellar Snail 9-12 mm very flattened very pale, transparent, Oxychilus cellarius 5.5-6 whorls glossy Glossy Glass Snail 8-10 mm slightly raised light brown, yellowish Oxychilus helveticus 5 whorls tinge, very glossy Garlic Snail 6-8 mm slightly raised yellowish brown to Oxychilus allarius 4-4.5 whorls greenish, almost transparent. Smooth Glass Snail 8-10 mm slightly raised yellow-brown, waxy Aegopinella nitidula 4.5 whorls Clear Glass Snail 3.5-4 mm slightly raised Aegopinella pura 3.5 whorls Shiny Glass Snail 5-6 mm raised, more than pale brown, transparent, Zonitoides nitidus 4.5 whorls Aegopinella. Almost shiny triangular cross-section Hollowed Glass Snail 6-7 mm raised, more than pale brown, translucent, Zonitoides excavatus 4.5 whorls Aegopinella. Almost glossy triangular cross-section. Rayed Glass Snail 3.5-4 mm slightly raised, rise more pale brown, translucent Nesovitrea hammonis 3.5 whorls rounded than with distinct striations Aegopinella Dusky Snail Shell less than 10mm. ......... Perforatella subrufescens 33 Damp wooded areas. Shell more than 15 mm.
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