RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______

APPENDIX 4: INVERTEBRATES

1. Introduction

1.1.1 This appendix reports the findings of an invertebrate survey carried out on the proposed extension areas to Brickworth Quarry. Survey was undertaken in 2015 by Dr Peter Kirby and Christopher Kirby Lambert MBiol. Both are experienced invertebrate surveyors.

1.1.2 The proposed extension includes two separate areas immediately adjacent to, and separated by, the active workings. These areas are Church and Lowdens Copse (Area A) to the east of the quarry area and Gooseye and Sandland Copse (Area B) to the west. Both areas consist of a complex of habitats including remnants of ancient woodland, rides and tracks, damp areas, conifer plantation, grass fields and other relatively open habitat. Whilst relatively diverse, all of the habitats present are greatly compromised by modification. The majority of the survey area consists of conifer plantation on land previously occupied by ancient woodland. The plantation areas have been variously managed and in places there are remnants of ancient broadleaved woodland, a habitat that would once have been predominant on the site. In addition to the more extensive areas of broadleaved remnant there are scattered broadleaved trees throughout the site as well as large hazel dominated hedgerows marking boundaries. As would be expected from a site dominated by conifer plantations most of the site was under closed canopy woodland or otherwise heavily shaded.

1.1.3 A system of rides and tracks criss-cross the site and provide somewhat more open habitats but these are generally still narrow, shaded and support species poor vegetation. The tracks exhibit a varying degree of wear, some being well vegetated and appearing barely used whilst others were heavily worn with areas of bare ground which in some cases was well compacted.

1.1.4 There were several areas within the site boundary that had been cleared of conifers which have created large, sunny, and relatively sheltered glades. Generally these seem to be subject to significant bracken and scrub invasion meaning any floral interest and diversity in the ground and herb layer is easily lost. The best areas within the glades are, despite being localised, of considerable potential when viewed simply in terms of habitat character and structure, with areas of bare, sometimes compacted, ground along and beside tracks, low open-structured grassy ______- 4.1 - WARD ASSOCIATES

RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______vegetation, varying degrees of scrub invasion providing a complex mosaic of structure, sheltered sunny conditions, a moderate amount of standing and fallen dead wood in varying degrees of sun-exposure and shade, and well-structured transitions to woodland. The quality of the invertebrate fauna on the site is a matter of how well any pre-existing fauna has survived, how many species have colonised newly available habitat, how much has been able to survive the rather dynamic conditions over recent decades, and how many species can survive in the sometimes small pockets of high-quality habitat suitable for specialist species.

2. Methodology

2.1.1 Terrestrial invertebrates were sampled using a small range of active methods, sweep-netting, beating, active search of key features of value for invertebrates as well as direct observation. Full details are given in Appendix 4.1.

2.12 The survey was taxonomically wide-ranging, but concentrated on those groups considered most likely to be informative as to conservation interest and habitat requirements. Since the survey was approached in as open-minded a way as possible, the default position was to identify any group which it was thought might hold interest. However, the selection of groups, and the relative extent of identification of the various groups, has been limited by expertise. The groups are identified in Appendix 4A

2.1.3 Names used predominantly follow readily available checklists, revisions, synopses and atlases (see Appendix 4A)

2.1.4 Each species mentioned in this report is assigned a status. For rarer species, these are the most recent published formal status, assigned by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee or their predecessor, the Nature Conservancy Council. Full details are given in Appendix 4B

3. Recording areas

3.1.1 The two extension areas were surveyed. They are separated by the existing quarry. These are shown on Figure 4.1and are identified as Area A, to the east and Area B to the west incorporating an old track, known as Sandland Drove, running close to the edge of the existing quarry workings. Records have been separately made and retained for these two major areas. In practice, though, as they are linked beyond the survey area boundary by further woodland, and for purposes of general assessment and analysis the survey area is regarded as a single unit.

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RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______Within each large recording area, recording has been sub-divided largely according to the character of the recorded habitat rather than to map- defined areas, though the two to some extent coincide.

3.1.2 A grass field projecting to the north-east of Area A was also treated as a separate unit, but records from here are few: habitat character suggested very limited potential in the improved grassland, and this was borne out by initial sampling; boundary trees and hedges were not sampled; records from this field are mostly from the transitional fringe of herbaceous vegetation and low scrub around the grassland edges. Records from the remainder of Area A have been separated according to the level of tree cover. The most open-structured area, between the westernmost track and the woodland edge, together with the relatively unshaded path which adjoins it, was separately recorded; all the remainder, in which both woodland and enclosed tracks are under a closed canopy or at least heavily shaded for much of the day, are recorded as a single unit. Variation in character within this wood invites sub- division, but in practice the amount of variation in the recorded fauna, or at least in the level of interest of the recorded fauna, was not great enough to justify sub-division, the main effect of which would have been to squander field survey time in the repeated recording of common species. From a recording point of view, the most significant features within this woodland were trackside log piles, which formed a valuable focus for the recording of saproxylic species. The location of these piles is, however, entirely fortuitous. Note has been made in the detailed records of species recorded specifically from these piles, but they have not been treated as a separate recording unit for purposes of assessment and analysis.

3.1.3 The most clearly demarcated area in Area B is Sandland Drove. In the north of its length it is a shaded sunken track beneath the shade of hazels with substantial amounts of dead wood; to the south, the track is more open and sunny with abundant nectar flowers and is margined on the quarry side by what is effectively a mixed broadleaved hedge with trees, variably spreading into the grassy vegetation along the lane. This lane, with its remnant broadleaves, was recorded as a single unit. Elsewhere, as in Area A, the separation in records has been according to tree cover. There is a large area of relatively open habitat here, with scattered trees, significant scrub, and extensive bracken-domination, but also with very open areas and bare ground. Recording in the open habitat was concentrated along the tracks and the most open vegetation immediately bordering them, penetrating into denser areas to an extent sufficient to reach all scrub and tree species, standing dead wood, and the full range of ______- 4.3 - WARD ASSOCIATES

RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______habitat variation present. Little recording time was devoted to dense bracken. The remainder of the area, under closed or canopy cover or heavily shaded, was again treated as a single unit, though once again the variety of character would have enabled sub-division. In practice, recording effort was especially concentrated in the north-east. Habitat character here was most suggestive of the likelihood of invertebrate interest, since the woodland was relatively open-structured and contained substantial amounts of dead wood, some of significant size, and the area is contiguous with the old hazels of Sandland Drove, making it arguably the most likely area to have retained, or been colonised by, remnant ancient woodland fauna. Sampling was extended into all areas where access was feasible, and along all track margins, but the remainder of the closed canopy woodland was generally either sufficiently dense and closed to make significant invertebrate interest unlikely and recording difficult, or had minor features of interest which effectively repeated those in the north-east.

3.1.4 Figure 4A shows the recording areas The boundaries of A2 and B2 represent the approximate areas surveyed, not a definitive habitat demarcation.

3.1.5 The timetable of work is given Table 4.1

Table 4.1: Survey Effort

Date Times Weather Work undertaken 10 July 2015 11.00 - 19.00 Fine, warm, sunny, and General survey, Area B almost windless 11 July 2015 09.00 - 17.00 Overcast with sunny General survey, area A periods, warm, light breeze 15 September 10.00 - 16.00 Initially cool and raining, General survey, Areas A & 2015 clearing and drying later B

3.1.6 All survey work used two surveyors, so total survey time amounts to approximately six person-days.

3.2 Constraints and limitations of survey

3.2.1 The sampling methods employed are commonly used in sampling, and are able to record a very wide range of species, but they are not exhaustive, and adoption of additional methods would have recorded other species. The survey has used only a small range of active sampling methods. Passive traps, especially pitfall and water traps, might have added to the species list, but they would also have very greatly increased the workload. There are many other methods which could be used to

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RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______sample less accessible and more specialised species, and such species tend to include a disproportionately large fraction of the scarcer species of invertebrates, or at least a large proportion of those with formal conservation status. The proportion of the recorded fauna composed of species with high status is therefore, best regarded as the lowest possible level of their actual representation in the fauna of the survey area.

3.2.2 The amount of time devoted to any individual area or feature was limited. Though the overall species list is substantial, such a level of recording is not sufficient to enable full assessment of any feature. The aim of sampling was not to do so, but rather to gather sufficient information to confirm or refute initial estimates of the relative interest of different parts of the site, and to generate, from the overall species, a meaningful impression of the overall character and value of the invertebrate fauna of the survey area. In this it can be considered successful, in that the overall total of recorded species is good for the amount of survey work undertaken, the recorded species include a number of conservation interest, and largely reflect and refine initial assessments made on habitat character alone. The total of recorded species may, however, constitute of a fraction of the identifiable fauna sufficiently well known to be of use in assessment.

3.2.3 The degree of under-recording will vary according to the ecology and habits of the animals. For example, saproxylic insects, many of which spend much of their lives hidden within dead wood, are notoriously time- consuming to record at all thoroughly, and are likely to be relatively under-recorded compared to those phytophagous species which live exposed on the standing parts of plants. The recording of some ecological groups, such as those associated with carrion or fungi, is dependent on the chance finding of corpses or fruiting bodies.

3.2.4 Sampling the invertebrates of trees always presents difficulties, because so much of the tree is beyond the reach of everyday sampling techniques. Any invertebrate assessment of tree-dominated habitats must be considered in some measure tentative. This is especially the case in closed canopy woodlands, where little if any foliage may be accessible. In the present case, this was particularly the case with Scots pine: there are good examples of the trees, but the only hints of its contained fauna are from fallen or wind-blown individuals captured by sweeping underlying herbaceous vegetation. However, the fauna associated with deliberately introduced species, especially if they are conifers, is, rightly or wrongly, currently regarded as of little, or even negative, interest in conservation terms. The under-representation of the pine fauna in the records ______- 4.5 - WARD ASSOCIATES

RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______therefore is unlikely to affect assessment. Happily, all broadleaved species seen had a reasonable amount of accessible canopy foliage, at least locally, and evidence for stratification in the canopy invertebrate fauna in wind-prone temperate climates is anyway limited. Nonetheless, the upper parts of substantial trees were not directly sampled, and it cannot reasonably be hoped that wind-blown vestiges of this fauna provide an entirely adequate sample.

3.2.5 Survey work has been entirely diurnal, so nocturnal groups have been largely unrecorded, and found only when they could be disturbed from their day-time resting places. Many additional species could no doubt be added by night survey and a programme of light trapping.

3.2.6 The range of groups identified has been as wide as possible. However, it has been to some degree selective, both because of the methods employed and through deliberate choice.

3.2.7 Within the samples obtained, many species belonged either to groups which, because of their obscurity, seemed unlikely to be informative for site assessment, or to groups beyond the identification skills of the surveyor. Specimens of such groups were not retained, and uncommon species might have been amongst them.

4. RESULTS

4.1.1 The 2015 survey has produced 1218 records of 679 species of invertebrates. The full records have been prepared as a separate spreadsheet available on request. Appendix 4C is a complete list of recorded species, with statuses. The table below summarises the distribution of records amongst major taxonomic groups.

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RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______

Table 4B : Breakdown of captures by major taxonomic groups

Scientific English name No. Scientific English name No. name spp. name spp. Acari ticks, mites 1 Hemiptera bugs 149 Araneae spiders 19 Hymenoptera bees, wasps, ants 84 Opiliones harvestmen 8 Lepidoptera moths, butterflies 24 Chilopoda centipedes 6 Mecoptera scorpionflies 2 Diplopoda millipedes 8 Neuroptera lacewings 7 Crustacea woodlice 5 Odonata dragonflies 3 Coleoptera beetles 199 Orthoptera grasshoppers, 10 crickets Dermaptera earwigs 1 Psocoptera barklice 4 Diptera flies 134

4.1.2 Of the recorded species, six are Red Data Book (including one Nationally Rare species), 18 are Nationally Scarce, 112 are considered to be of local distribution (including one species assessed as Data Deficient under new IUCN criteria), and one is included on Section 41 of the NERC Act. Table 4C lists all species with formal conservation status (Nationally Scarce, Red Data Book or S41) and provides brief notes on the ecology and current status of each.

Table 4C: Summary of Red Data Book, Nationally Scarce and Section 41 species

Taxon Status Area A Area B Coleoptera - beetles Cerambycidae - longhorns Stictoleptura scutellata Na clearing and adjacent ride A large grey-black longhorn beetle whose larvae feed deep in the wood of sun-exposed dead and decaying stumps and branches, the larval stage lasting two to three years. It is largely confined to old forest areas with large populations of ancient trees, and is especially associated with beech, though also reported from hornbeam, oak, lime, sycamore and birch. Apart from a very isolated record from Sherwood Forest, it has a strongly south-eastern distribution from Hampshire to Kent and north to Bedfordshire and Herefordshire. Coccinellidae - ladybirds Hippodamia variegata Nb clear-fell clearing Adonis' ladybird. Found amongst sparse or open- structured grassy or ruderal vegetation, usually on well-drained or summer-baked soils. Despite its status, it is a reasonably frequent species of field margins and almost universal in brownfield sites in southern counties. It may well be prone to the rapid establishment of transitory populations.

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RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______Taxon Status Area A Area B Curculionidae - weevils Pelenomus waltoni Nb plantation and rides An inconspicuous weevil which feeds on water pepper Persicaria hydropiper, and rather doubtfully on other members of the genus, in marshes, seasonal pools and other places where the host plant grows in good stands. The adults are effective, if slow, swimmers. Local and rather rare, but occasionally found in numbers, it has a very wide distribution, extending throughout the mainland and to the Hebrides and Shetland. Sitona macularius Nb clearing A fairly small brown broad-nosed weevil found in grassland, arable field margins, quarries and other disturbed ground, mostly on chalky soils. The larvae feed on the roots and root nodules of Fabaceae. It appears to be particularly associated with sainfoin Onobrychis viciifolia, but has also been recorded from species of Vicia, Medicago and Trifolium and in the past was occasionally a minor pest of peas and beans. It is widely distributed, though very local, in southern England as far north as Lancashire and Yorkshire, and also recorded from Glamorgan and from a thin scatter of localities in Scotland. It may have declined in recent decades. Dasytidae Dasytes niger NR clearing and adjacent ride A smallish, elongate, black beetle, believed to be saproxylic though of somewhat obscure ecology. Adults have been found in numbers around a standing dead tree trunk, but it is more usually captured in grasslands or beaten from tree foliage. Relatively open-structured, "parkland" habitat may be needed. Elateridae - click beetles Oedostethus Na clearing; plantation and rides quadripustulatus A small click beetle, blackish in colour with variably- developed yellowish spots, associated chiefly with winter-wet or winter-flooded grassland, including fens, washlands and flood meadows, where the larvae are root-feeders. It is found chiefly in open habitats, often with some bare ground, and is more likely to be recorded from species-poor ruderal vegetation along tracks or around gateways than amongst denser and more species-rich grassland. Though very locally distributed and sometimes forming quite small colonies, this species is often common where it is found and can form very large populations. Tomoxia bucephala NS clearing and adjacent ride A black beetle with patterned golden pubescence whose larvae develop in dead wood. Adults lay eggs in the burrows of anobiid beetles in exposed heartwood and standing trunks. It has been recorded from beech, horse chestnut and other broad-leaved trees; adults occasionally visit flowers. It is largely confined to relict old forest areas of the southern- and eastern-most counties of England, from Dorset to Huntingdonshire.

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RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______Taxon Status Area A Area B Ptinidae - spider beetles, timber beetles Anobium inexpectatum Nb clearing and adjacent ride A wood-boring beetle whose larvae usually develop in old stems of ivy, though there are occasional records from other plant species. The species has only recently been recognised as occurring in Britain, having previously been confused with the common woodworm Anobium punctatum. It has since proved to be widespread in England, and also to occur in Wales, but is local. Scydmaenidae Scydmaenus rufus RDB2 plantation and rides A small reddish beetle associated with dead wood in broad- leaved woodland and pasture woodland, particularly on sites where there has been long historical continuity of suitable habitat. It has been found under bark of fallen trunks and logs of broadleaved trees, including beech, oak, sweet chestnut, and birch and has also been found in standing dead trees, including elm, both under bark and in wood mould in the decaying centre. There is a single record from a cedar log. The distribution is strongly south-eastern. Silvanidae Uleiota planatus Na plantation and rides A strongly flattened brown beetle with elongate antennae, found under bark, where the larvae are believed to feed on fungi. It is a mainly southern and eastern species, though with more scattered records extending the range considerably. It has increased in frequency in recent years, though it remains decidedly local, and the status may be in need of revision.. Diptera - flies Conopidae Thecophora fulvipes N clearing A rather small, greyish-black fly which is a parasite of solitary bees of the genera Lasioglossum and Halictus, larvae developing in the body of adult hosts. It is associated with reasonably open habitats on dry substrates, as are most of its potential host species. It has a quite wide but very scattered distribution, with a somewhat western bias. It appears to have been curiously and unusually frequent in 2015. Stratiomyidae - soldier flies Beris fuscipes N clearing A dark-bodied wetland species, found in fens and marshes sheltered or shaded by bushes and trees. Adults are typically found on tree and shrub foliage. It is a widespread species, but most frequent in the south- west. Tephritidae - gall flies Chetostoma curvinerve RDB2 plantation and rides A rather bright and distinctively patterned gall-fly. Formerly a great rarity with a very few records from southern England, this species has increased and spread considerably in recent years and its status is in need of revision. Larvae are confidently believed to develop in berries, but the host plant has been a matter ______- 4.9 - WARD ASSOCIATES

RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______Taxon Status Area A Area B of some debate. An association with ivy seems likely. Hemiptera - bugs Lygaeidae - groundbugs Rhopalidae - glazier bugs Stictopleurus X clearing and adjacent punctatonervosus ride A glazier bug, which feeds on composites growing in at least moderately tall but open-structured vegetation on well-drained soils. The official status is no longer appropriate. Though seemingly established in southern England in the past this species almost certainly became extinct as a British species in the nineteenth century. It has re-colonised in recent years, however, and over the past decade has become widely distributed and reasonably frequent in south-eastern England north to Peterborough, occurring especially in brownfield sites and fallow arable land. Hymenoptera - bees, wasps, ants, sawflies Chrysididae - ruby-tailed wasps Chrysis illigeri Na clearing A metallic green and red wasp, parasitic on the solitary wasp Tachysphex pompiliformis and found in open- structured, dry, sunny habitats on sandy soils. It has a strongly southern and eastern distribution. Hedychrum niemalei RDB3 clearing A brightly metallic cuckoo wasp found in open sandy places such as heaths, dunes, cliffs, sandpits and other areas of disturbed ground. It is a parasite of solitary wasps of the genus Cerceris, laying eggs in the host’s nest, the larvae from which consume the mature larvae or pre-pupa of the host. The recorded distribution of this species in Britain, though rather patchy, extends through southern and eastern counties from Cornwall to Kent and north to Lincolnshire. It seems unlikely that it is deserving of Red Data Book status. Pseudomalus violaceus Nb clearing A rather small ruby-tailed wasp, dark metallic with greenish and purple reflections, which is a parasitoid of small aerial-nesting solitary wasps, including Passaloecus corniger and Pemphredon lugubris. It occurs in a wide range of habitats where there is some standing dead wood, including dunes, heathland, woodland, wood pasture, fen and lowland grassland, and is quite frequently recorded from gardens. It is most frequent in the south-east, but a wide scatter of records extends the range to the south-west, Wales and north Yorkshire. Crabronidae - digger wasps Crossocerus binotatus Nb plantation and rides A black and yellow solitary wasp which preys on a range of flies and nests in burrows in standing and fallen dead wood and timber. It can occur in a wide range of situations where suitable dead wood occurs in sunny areas of varied vegetation structure, including woodland rides and edges, hedgerows, and gardens. It is a predominantly south-eastern species, but with a moderately wide, though scattered, distribution. ______- 4.10 - WARD ASSOCIATES

RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______Taxon Status Area A Area B Ectemnius ruficornis Nb plantation and rides clearing; broadleaved fringe and track A moderately-sized black and yellow solitary wasp which preys on substantial flies and nests in dead wood. It can occur in a range of habitats where dead wood and sunny open space coincide, but in the south is especially associated with woodland. It has a curiously patchy distribution, with clusters of records especially in the south, around Hampshire and Surrey, and in the north around parts of Yorkshire and north Nottinghamshire, but with a very sparse distribution between. Philanthus triangulum RDB2 clearing The bee-wolf. A large black and yellow solitary wasp, which is a predator of honey bees Apis mellifera, and less often various species of solitary bees. It is particularly associated with sandy ground, and is most frequent on coastal dunes and heaths, but it has been recorded from a wider range of habitats, especially in recent years. Formerly a great rarity, this species has increased very greatly in frequency and range over the last two decades. It is now unambiguously unworthy of Red Data Book status. Halictidae Sphecodes longulus Na plantation and rides A small black and red bee, parasitic on solitary bees of the genus Lasioglossum, especially the common L. morio. It is a predominantly south-eastern species, found in open-structured habitats on sandy ground. Vespidae - social & potter wasps Microdynerus exilis Nb clearing and adjacent ride A small black and white mason wasp. It usually makes nests in dead wood, including old fence posts, sometimes in bramble stems. It has been recorded from a wide range of habitats, including woodland, parkland, gardens, heathland, calcareous grassland and gravel pits, but in all cases is generally associated with habitat transitions or mosaics where suitable nesting sites are found in sunny situations close to more open habitats. First reported in Britain in 1937 from Hampshire, this species has since spread more widely in the south-east, and now occurs north to Cambridgeshire. In spite of its increase, it has remained local throughout its British range. Lepidoptera - moths, butterflies Erebidae - tigers etc. Tyria jacobaeae common S41 The cinnabar moth. The usual larval foodplant is common ragwort Senecio jacobaea, and is usually to be found where there are good, consistent, populations of this plant in reasonably open-structured unshaded vegetation. This moth has been given BAP status because of the extent of recent decline. However, it remains widespread and common nationally, and is not considered of significance for conservation assessment. Nymphalidae - fritillaries, vanessids, browns

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RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______Taxon Status Area A Area B Limenitis camilla VU clearing and adjacent clearing; plantation and rides ride; plantation and rides The white admiral. A distinctive woodland butterfly. Larvae feed on honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum in shaded areas where the plant does not flower. Never a very common butterfly, it suffered a dramatic decline in the latter part of the nineteenth century, but from the 1920s onwards increased greatly, probably in part in response to changes in woodland management. Over the last two decades, it has again declined substantially, though the reasons are not clear. Orthoptera - grasshoppers, crickets Acrididae - grasshoppers Omocestus rufipes NS clearing and adjacent clearing; broadleaved fringe ride and track The woodland grasshopper. A medium-sized, dark, greyish-brown grasshopper which feeds on grasses in rides and clearings in woodland, and on grassland or heathland near woodland or scrub. In Cornwall it occurs in heathy areas well away from woodland. It is a southern species, most frequent in the New Forest, the Weald and East Kent. There are few, isolated, colonies west of Dorset and north of the Thames.

5. DISCUSSION

5.1 Individual species of note

5.1.1 The majority of the recorded scarcer species are unsurprising for the habitats and geographical area, are adequately treated in the table of Scarce and Rare species, or their particular interest will be picked up in later sections considering individual habitats. Two species, however, are worthy of individual note. Neither has a formal conservation status.

Arctophila superbiens (Diptera, Syrphidae) This is essentially a wetland species, and as such part of an assemblage which gets later mention for its unexpectedness, but is worthy of singling out because, though it has no formal status and is reasonably frequent, if local, in parts of its range, it is sufficiently scarce in this area for records to be of particular note. It is a predominantly northern and western species, and this site is at the edge of its range. Ball et al. (2011) note that it appears to be becoming much scarcer, and that a northward contraction is likely as a result of climate change.

Xeris spectrum (Hymenoptera, Siricidae) This is a woodwasp whose larvae bore in the wood of conifers. It is a recent arrival in Britain, associated with introduced conifers, or at the very least conifers beyond their recent natural range, and a potential pest species in timber. X. spectrum thus has little chance of being considered a significant species in conservation terms. It seems, however, to be a ______- 4.12 - WARD ASSOCIATES

RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______genuinely scarce species despite having had a significant period in which to become established in Britain, and its occurrence here is of at least academic interest and worthy of highlighting.

5.2 Characterisation of the fauna

5.2.1 To facilitate discussion, a simple habitat classification is used to indicate the basic habitat requirements of the scarce species. The habitat categories employed are as follows: Tree and shrub foliage Used for species associated with any living parts of woody plants. Most are associated with leaves, buds of flowers; some may be live on branches or intact trunks. Saproxylic Defined by Fowles et al. (1999) as 'dependent upon microhabitats associated largely with the processes of damage and decay in the bark and wood of trees and larger woody shrubs and climbers. This includes sap runs, fungal hyphae or fruiting bodies, rot holes etc." Woodland/shade Usually found beneath woodland canopy or in very sheltered situations. Mosaic and transition In principle applicable to any situation where different habitats, or different structures in a single habitat, meet or are intermixed. In practice, most often, and invariably in this report, used for mixes and meetings of woody and herbaceous, usually grassy, vegetation, such as occur along hedgerows, at wood margins, or in areas of scrub invasion. Grassland and open habitats "Open habitats" is here used for places where disturbed ground or the early stages of plant succession leave a significant proportion of bare ground, not necessarily in large individual patches. Vegetation in such areas is usually, though not always, dominated by herbs rather than grasses. There is no real dividing line between such structure and grassland, which can be regarded as that point where bare ground is relatively scarce ((though not necessarily absent) and grasses make up a substantial proportion of the vegetation. Some species are very definitely associated with very open, even sparsely vegetated, habitats and can be coded as such; others (especially grass-feeding species) are fairly definitively associated with grassland. Many, however, occur in habitats both sides of the vague borderline, or are most often associated with the ambiguous area between the two, so a large proportion of species on the list are assigned to a joint habitat category. Aquatic and wetland These categories are distinguished in the list, but there is no sharp dividing line between the two, and the separation is generally made according to the sampling method: species usually caught, in an identifiable stage, with a pond net are aquatic; those caught with a sweep- net or other piece of dry equipment are wetland, even though some of the latter may have effectively or absolutely aquatic larvae. Generalist ______- 4.13 - WARD ASSOCIATES

RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______Either with unrestrictive and easily met requirements, or with a specific niche (e.g. accumulations of rotting vegetation) which can occur in a wide range of habitats.

5.2.2 Table 4D shows a breakdown of scarce species by major habitat groupings. Note that some species are included in more than one habitat category, so totals from this table do not correspond to the species counts already given. Appendix 2 is a complete listing of the species involved and their assigned habitats.

Table 4D: Breakdown of less common species by habitat type

Red Data Nationally Local Habitat group Book Scarce Total species species species Tree and shrub foliage 1 11 12 Saproxylic 2 4 31 37 Woodland/shade 2 3 5 Mosaic and transition 4 3 7 Grassland and open habitats 2 7 133 142 Aquatic and wetland 1 7 8 Generalist 3 3

5.2.3 The less common species recorded were predominantly associated with relatively open habitats. Aculeate Hymenoptera are particularly well- represented in such habitats, but uncommon Coleoptera and Hemiptera are also included. Saproxylic species are a well-removed second-best represented groups, with other categories relatively minor, though not necessarily unimportant, constituents of the recorded fauna. Wetland species are surprisingly well-represented amongst the scarcer taxa; though damp areas and seasonally or intermittently flooded ruts are reasonably frequent, it is not an unduly wet site.

5.3 Butterflies

5.3.1 Nineteen species of butterfly were recorded during survey work in 2015. The list is likely to be incomplete. Some additional species might be considered likely or possible as additional residents: green hairstreak, purple hairstreak, small copper, common blue, brown argus, small heath, and orange tip. Rarer woodland butterflies are unlikely to be present, given their restricted distribution in the county and the far from ideal conditions apparently present.

5.3.2 The chief distinguishing features of the butterfly fauna so far known are apparently good populations of both silver-washed fritillary and white admiral. Both were widespread, and seen in moderate numbers. However, though local, both are widespread and reasonably frequent in woodland in the county. On the basis of records to date, the survey area appears to hold a quite respectable, but wholly expected, butterfly fauna.

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Table 4E: Butterfly records 2015

Locations Scientific name English name Status Area A Area B Hesperiidae Ochlodes sylvanus large skipper common clearing, grass clearing field Thymelicus lineola Essex skipper common clearing Thymelicus sylvestris small skipper common clearing, grass clearing field Lycaenidae Celastrina argiolus holly blue common clearing Nymphalidae Aglais io peacock common clearing Aphantopus hyperantus ringlet common clearing, grass clearing, field, plantation plantation, Sandland Drove Argynnis paphia silver-washed local clearing, plantation, fritillary plantation Sandland Drove Limenitis camilla white admiral local clearing, clearing, plantation plantation Maniola jurtina meadow brown common plantation, grass clearing, plantation field Melanargia galathea marbled white local clearing, clearing, Sandland Drove Pararge aegeria speckled wood common clearing plantation Polygonia c-album comma common clearing, plantation Pyronia tithonus gatekeeper common clearing, clearing, plantation plantation, Sandland Drove Vanessa atalanta red admiral common plantation, Sandland Drove Pieridae Gonepteryx rhamni brimstone common clearing, plantation Pieris brassicae large white common clearing, grass Sandland Drove field Pieris napi green-veined white common grass field plantation Pieris rapae small white common clear-fell, Sandland Drove plantation, grass field

5.4 Saproxylic beetles

5.4.1 The saproxylic fauna is of particular interest, and amongst the saproxylic fauna the most interesting group is the beetles. First, because interest in this group is rather strongly correlated with habitat continuity, as well as current quality; and second, because there are objective scoring systems which allow assessment of the saproxylic beetle fauna on a national basis. This is therefore a particularly useful group amongst which to search for hints of the survival of an ancient woodland fauna.

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RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______5.4.2 There are two widely used methods for assessing the interest of the saproxylic beetle fauna of a site. Alexander (2004) provides the most recent version of an Index of Ecological Continuity (IEC), based on species associated with habitat continuity, assessed on a three-point scale: Group 1 are species which are known to have occurred in recent times only in areas believed to be ancient woodland, mainly pasture woodland; Group 2 are species which occur mainly in areas believed to be ancient woodland with abundant dead-wood habitats, but which also appear to have been recorded from areas that may not be ancient or for which the locality data are imprecise; Group 3 are species which occur widely in wooded land, but which are collectively characteristic of ancient woodland with dead-wood habitats. A score of one is given to species in Group 3, a score of two to those in Group 2, and a score of 3 to those in Group 1. The index is calculated by summing the scores for all species recorded. Because this score is cumulative, it is heavily dependent on recording effort. A score of 15-24 is suggested to be indicative of regional value, and 25-79 of national importance.

5.4.3 The second scoring system (Fowles et al.,1999) calculates a Saproxylic Quality Index which is intended to be less dependent on recording effort than the Index of Ecological Continuity. Scores are assigned to saproxylic species according to their national status rather than the extent of their association with sites of long habitat continuity. Fowles et al. (1999) provide a complete list of species and their scores. Summation of the scores for all species provides the Saproxylic Quality Score (SQS): dividing this score by the number of scoring species and multiplying by 100 gives the Saproxylic Quality Index (SQI). A minimum of forty scoring species is recommended for the calculation of a reliable SQI. A score of 500 has been provisionally set as a threshold for national significance; no lower levels of significance have been defined.

5.4.4 The following table lists the saproxylic Coleoptera recorded from the survey area in 2015, together with their scores on the two systems. Note that some species have no scores in either system: these are either recent arrivals in Britain, or are not invariably saproxylic. The validity of their exclusion from the scoring system is debatable.

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Scores Family Species Status SQS IEC Buprestidae Agrilus biguttatus local 8 Buprestidae Agrilus laticornis local 8 Cantharidae Malthinus flaveolus common 1 Cantharidae Malthodes marginatus common 1 Cantharidae Malthodes minimus common 1 Cerambycidae Rhagium bifasciatum local 1 Cerambycidae Rutpela maculata local 1 Cerambycidae Stenurella melanura local 1 Cerambycidae Stictoleptura scutellata Na 16 3 Ciidae Cis boleti common 1 Colydiidae Bitoma crenata local 4 1 Curculionidae Acalles misellus local 2 Curculionidae Euophryum confine common 0 Curculionidae Scolytus intricatus local 2 Dasytidae Dasytes niger NR 16 Elateridae Melanotus villosus agg. common 1 Eucnemidae Epiphanis cornutus local 8 Lucanidae Dorcus parallelepipedus local 2 Malachiidae Malachius bipustulatus common 1 Melandryidae Conopalpus testaceus local 8 1 Melandryidae Orchesia undulata local 4 1 Monotomidae Rhizophagus bipustulatus common 1 Monotomidae Rhizophagus dispar common 1 Mordellidae Tomoxia bucephala NS 16 1 Ptinidae Anobium fulvicorne common 1 Ptinidae Anobium inexpectatum Nb 8 Ptinidae Anobium punctatum common 1 Ptinidae Ochina ptinoides local 2 Salpingidae Salpingus planirostris local 1 Salpingidae Vincinzellus ruficollis local 2 Scraptiidae Anaspis fasciata common 2 Scraptiidae Anaspis frontalis common 1 Scraptiidae Anaspis pulicaria common 1 Scydmaenidae Scydmaenus rufus RDB2 24 1 Silvanidae Silvanus unidentatus local 4 1 Silvanidae Uleiota planatus Na 16 2 Sphindidae Aspidiphorus orbiculatus local 2 Staphylinidae Acrulia inflata local 2 Staphylinidae Atrecus affinis common 1 Staphylinidae Dropephylla ioptera common 1 Staphylinidae Dropephylla vilis common 1 Staphylinidae Gabrius splendidulus common 1 Staphylinidae Harpalaraea pygmaea common 2 Staphylinidae Phloeocaris subtilissima local 2 Staphylinidae Phloeonomus punctipennis common 2 Tenebrionidae Nalassus laevioctostriatus local 0

Number of scoring species 44 8 SQS 178 SQI 404.5 IEC 11

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RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______5.4.5 The IEC is fairly low, but this is a cumulative score and would almost certainly be increased by further recording. It is likely that it would exceed the 15 threshold considered indicative of regional (county for current purposes) significance, but very unlikely that it achieve any higher level. The IEC is quite high, though dependent on a small number of high-scoring species.

5.4.6 A list of 189 sites evaluated using the SQI is available at htp://khepri/rankings, arranged in order of their SQI. If the fauna recorded from Brickworth were placed in this list it would, on current records, be at position 79. This is high, since the list of evaluated sites includes the New Forest, Epping Forest, and other sites of national or international importance, and a large proportion are places which have been examined precisely because they were considered likely to hold interesting saproxylic faunas. Comparison with other Wiltshire sites included in the list (of which there are nine in total) shows that, unsurprisingly, the Index is considerably lower than that for Savernake Forest (484.7) and significantly lower than that for Langley Wood (429.4), but higher than that of any other listed site. The differences in SQI between the Brickworth survey area and the higher-scoring sites is, however, dwarfed by the differences in the IEC, even allowing for differences in the number of recorded species (58 for Savernake, based on 111 species; 23 for Langley Wood, based on 69 species).

5.4.7 The distribution of the saproxylic fauna was not closely correlated with the most obvious broadleaved remnants. In particular, the large hazels and other elements of broadleaved fringe along Sandland Drove, and similar hazels of apparently high potential in boundary features elsewhere, were rather unproductive. The greatest interest was in open areas with scattered broadleaved trees. The saproxylic fauna was, in other words, associated with areas with the best structure, rather than those with, apparently, the best continuity or the best supply of dead wood. Log piles in Area A provided an inevitable hot-spot for the recording of the saproxylic fauna, and are the source of a rather misleading concentration of species. There is a substantial amount of dead wood on the site, of varied species and in various situations, but most is of small diameter and much is shaded. The shortage of substantial broadleaved trees with dead wood in reasonably open habitats is probably the chief limitation on the saproxylic fauna.

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5.5 Evidence for survival of an ancient woodland fauna

5.5.1 The findings from the saproxylic beetle assessment, suggestive as they are of a good quality beetle fauna in a superficially unexceptional site, are consistent with the partial survival of an ancient woodland fauna. Also consistent with such a survival are captures of the bug Xylocoris cursitans, a saproxylic species usually associated with sites of long continuity, though known to tolerate at least partial coniferisation, and recorded from both broadleaved and coniferous trees, and the snail Zonitoides excavatus, characteristic of moist, old, acid woodland, though tolerant of some disturbance. Given the limitations of the current survey, especially when considering the saproxylic fauna, it is not certain how much of the original ancient woodland fauna has persisted on the site, however, based on the species collected and general observations of habitat it seems unlikely that this remnant will be of particularly high conservation value.

5.6 Distribution of interest

5.6.1 The following table details the occurrence of Nationally Scarce and Red Data Book species in the major recorded features and areas of the site. No uncommon species were recorded from the grass field, which is not included in the table. In the remaining parts of the survey area, the level of recorded interest is approximately inversely related to the amount of tree cover.

Table 4G: Occurrence of Red Data Book and Nationally Scarce species

Major feature Area A Area B Clearing 8 12 Plantation and rides 8 4 Broadleaved fringe and track - 3

5.6.2 This relationship is generally unsurprising, given the character of the site. It tends to have either a closed woodland canopy composed of unexceptional and often very uninteresting trees, or be very open. The exceptions are at transitions between the two and in areas of developing birch scrub. In the latter case, the birch itself is no great interest, though it may become so when it dies. Woodland is, anyway, not generally a good habitat for the fauna of trees. Saproxylic Coleoptera, especially, overwhelmingly favour timber in well-lit situations. The rather poor fauna along Sandland Drove, however, is surprising; in its best parts, the Drove was not only well-structured, but was bordered by interesting shrubs and trees, and presumably has considerable historical continuity. ______- 4.19 - WARD ASSOCIATES

RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______The limited recorded interest is despite considerable effort. In part, this correlates with the wider finding of limited interest in apparently useful old hazels. It remains possible that the records under-estimate the value both of the hazels and of Sandland Drove, but it seems unlikely that either will prove of very great importance.

4.6.3 Though clearings are large enough to support considerable invertebrate assemblages, they are mostly occupied by dense, and often tall herbaceous vegetation and scrub, and nectar flowers are by no means abundant. Wear and erosion along the more heavily used tracks appears critical to maintaining very open conditions and bare ground in the long- term. Ground-nesting solitary bees and wasps were heavily concentrated in a few short lengths of bare compacted ground beside tracks in sunny situations.

5.7 Assessment of invertebrate interest

5.7.1 There are no very useful guidelines for the assessment of the general invertebrate interest of a site, and making a realistic and firmly based assessment is becoming increasingly difficult. There are published assessment methods for aquatic habitats and dragonflies but neither of these is relevant to the present site. Formal assessment methods also exist for dead wood beetles and the analysis and discussion of this fauna can be found in the relevant section above. Guidelines from the Chartered Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management provide no assistance in the assessment of general invertebrate data. A set of criteria for invertebrate assessment for all geographical categorization produced by Colin Plant Associates (UK) Consultant Entomologists is sometimes written of in association with IEEM guidelines, but the threshold values in these criteria are set very low and they are not considered of practical use in the present case.

5.7.2 SSSI selection guidelines (Nature Conservancy Council, 1989) are reasonably precise for some habitats and groups, but none is relevant to this site; the more general guidelines are sufficiently vague to be of no practical use, and of course these guidelines are of no help in assessing any level of interest lower than national. The ISIS computer application, developed by Natural England for the monitoring of SSSIs, provides a more refined method of assessment of interest, but some aspects of its use require standardized sampling targeted at previously identified assemblages and, though it can in principle be used much more widely that its originally intended use, threshold values are provided only for the achievement of favourable status for SSSIs. Also, based as it is purely on ______- 4.20 - WARD ASSOCIATES

RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______assemblages, it provides no means for combining assessments of individual assemblages to provide a composite overall assessment of site interest.

5.7.3 The Wiltshire and Swindon Wildlife Sites Handbook (Large, 2013), bases its selection criteria on habitat type and quality, and has no guidelines for invertebrates, or indeed species in general, so provides no assistance in deciding interest at the county level.

5.7.4 Assessment of Brickworth Quarry is made even more difficult by the mix of habitats on the site, some of which contain significantly more interest than others. In general the woodland on the site supports a reasonably good quality invertebrate fauna but, due to extensive coniferisation, it is certainly not exceptional and has probably lost much of its pre-existing interest. This loss due to coniferisation has been offset to an extent by the management of the site which has produced good structure, including for tree-associated and "woodland" species, by increasing the amount of open space. The invertebrate fauna of the open space on the site is similarly interesting but unexceptional, and it is telling that one of the most interesting areas for invertebrates is an area of clear-fell where little evidence of former tree cover remains.

5.7.5 Assessment of invertebrate interest, whatever guidelines are being followed or ignored, is usually dependent largely on the representation of scarce and rare species, these rarer species being summed, divided into assemblages, or used to calculate overall species quality. A simple count of the number of rare species present, or a numerical value based on this figure, remains arguably the best way of providing such an estimate in principle: derived from a simple species list, it is at least closely tied to the field data. Perhaps the simplest of measures of faunal quality, and useful at least as a first indication of possible interest, is the proportion of the recorded fauna which is composed of species with formal conservation status (Red Data Book and Nationally Scarce). It is rare to generate a figure greater than 10% in the course of general survey of any substantial site, provided the species list obtained is of reasonable length. A proportional representation of 5% can conveniently be taken as indicative of substantial interest. The figure for the records from Brickworth Quarry in 2015 is 3.53%. This suggests a site with a reasonably diverse invertebrate fauna containing a good number of scarce species but not one of substantial conservation interest. This level of interest can be expected from most reasonably large sites with a range of habitats, especially in the south where invertebrate diversity is highest. Further recording on the site may increase this proportion but it seems ______- 4.21 - WARD ASSOCIATES

RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______unlikely that the site could ever be ascribed more than county level significance.

5.7.6 Species-quality scores, of which this is the simplest form, unfortunately seem increasingly dubious as assessment methods. If uncommon species are to be the basis of assessment, then it is the total of such species, not their proportional representation in the fauna, which is important. The species quality score is a compromise made necessary because no invertebrate fauna is ever fully recorded, so the total number of scarce and rare species is never known. In the present case, the specific difficulty is that the recording area includes substantial areas of habitat of manifestly low quality where high interest would not be expected. Records from such areas are liable to drive down the overall proportion of uncommon species, and in a tight-knit mosaic of habitats, largely interchangeable by management and time, separate recording is not feasible.

5.7.7 The grassland can be separately assessed as being of low interest. On balance, the remainder of the survey area is considered to be of value at the county level on a precautionary basis since the level of under- recording is difficult to estimate. It is arguably, in fact, a borderline candidate for such a status in a county with such a rich fauna as Wiltshire. Interest is clearly very patchy, and though the concentration of interest in relatively small areas could be considered a reason for a lower estimate of interest, it also makes interpretation of survey results more difficult. The interest which determines this estimate is concentrated in a fraction of the survey area, but separate assessment is scarcely feasible because the habitat components are in places closely interconnected and the better quality habitat is not only readily created from the lower simply by the removal of trees and increased vehicle passage, but would be expected to move around the site in the course of woodland management, provided the woodland was managed for timber. The apparent survival of elements of the ancient woodland fauna at least locally beneath closed woodland canopy adds a little extra weight to the inclusion of all woodland in the estimate of county significance, but this is considered a trivial component of the overall interest.

5.8 Summary of interest

5.8.1 The improved grassland is considered to be of low interest for invertebrates, though the bordering woody vegetation and transitions are potentially of greater interest, and if included in the assessment should be included with the woodland. ______- 4.22 - WARD ASSOCIATES

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5.8.2 The remaining mosaic of woodland and open space is considered, somewhat tentatively, to be of county significance, though the data is borderline for this status. This status is considered appropriate on the grounds of: • a good assemblage of saproxylic beetles, rather better than might be expected at first sight and possibly also representing, in part, the survival of a pre-existing fauna; • records of seven Red Data Book and 18 Nationally Scarce species; given the recording effort, it is likely that the number of species with formal conservation status could be at least doubled with more effort; • evidence of some survival of an ancient woodland fauna, albeit limited.

5.8.3 Interest is concentrated in, but not confined to, two ends of the habitat spectrum: open-structured habitats with bare ground; and the saproxylic fauna associated with dead wood, of which the ideal form can be considered to be dead standing timber and dead wood on and in living trees.

REFERENCES

Agassiz, D.J.L., Beavan, S.D. & Heckford, R.J. 2013. Checklist of the Lepidoptera of the British Isles. Field Studies Council, for the Royal Entomological Society. Alexander, K.N.A. 2004. Revision of the Index of Ecological Continuity as used for saproxylic beetles. Peterborough: English Nature (English Nature Research Reports, no. 574). Alexander, K.N.A., 2014. A review of the scarce and threatened beetles of Great Britain. Buprestidae, Cantharidae, Cleridae, Dasytidae, Drilidae, Lampyridae, Lycidae, Lymexilidae, Malachiidae and Trogossitidae. Natural England (Species Status no. 16). Alexander, K.N.A., Dodd, S. & Denton, J.S. 2014. A review of the scarce and threatened beetles of Great Britain. The darkling beetles and their allies: Aderidae, Anthicidae, Colydiidae, Melandryidae, Meloidae, Mordellidae, Mycetophagidae, Mycteridae, Oedemeridae, Pyrochroidae, Pythidae, Ripiphoridae, Salpingidae, Scraptiidae, Tenebrionidae and Tetratomidae (Tenebrionoidea less Ciidae). Natural England Commissioned Report NECR148 (Species Status no. 18). Anderson, R. 2005. An annotated list of the non-marine Mollusca of Britain and Ireland. Journal of Conchology, 38: 607-633. Archer, M. (ed.) 2004. BWARS (Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society) Members’ Handbook. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology. Aukema, B. & Rieger, C. 1995-2006. Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic region. 5 ______- 4.23 - WARD ASSOCIATES

RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______volumes. Wageningen: The Netherlands Entomological Society. Ball, S.G. & Morris, R.K.A. 2014. A review of the scarce and threatened flies of Great Britain. Part 6. Syrphidae. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough (Species Status no. 9). Barber, A.D. 2009. Centipedes. Synopses of the British Fauna (new series), 58. Biedermann, R. & Niedringhaus, R. 2009. The plant- and leaf-hoppers of Germany. Scheeßel: WABV. Biodiversity Reporting and Information Group. 2007. Report on the Species and Habitat Review. Report to the UK Biodiversity Partnership. Cham, S., Nelson, B., Parr, A., Prentice, S., Smallshire, D. & Taylor, P. 2014. Atlas of dragonflies in Britain and Ireland. Telford: Field Studies Council for the Biological Records Centre. Chandler, P. 2012. An update of the 1998 checklist of the Diptera of the British Isles. www.dipteristsforum.org.uk/documents/BRITISH_ISLES_CHECKLIST.pdf. Duff, A. G. (ed.) 2012. Checklist of beetles of the British Isles. 2nd edition. Iver: Pemberley Books. Falk, S. 1991a. A review of the scarce and threatened bees, wasps and ants of Great Britain. Peterborough: Nature Conservancy Council. (Research & Survey in Nature Conservation, no. 35). Falk, S. 1991b. A review of the scarce and threatened flies of Great Britain (part 1). Peterborough: Nature Conservancy Council. (Research and Survey in Nature Conservation, no. 39). Fowles, A.P., Alexander, K.N.A. & Key, R.S. 1999. The Saproxylic Quality Index: evaluating wooded habitats for the conservation of dead-wood Coleoptera. The Coleopterist, 8: 121-141. Fox, R., Warren, M.S. & Brereton, T.M. 2010. A new Red List of British Butterflies. Species Status, 12. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee. Gregory, S. 2009. Woodlice and water lice (Isopoda: Oniscoidea and Asellota) in Britain and Ireland. Shrewsbury: FSC Publications. Haes, E.C.M. & Harding, P.T. 1997. Atlas of grasshoppers, crickets and allied insects in Britain and Ireland. London: The Stationery Office. Hillyard, P.D. 2005. Harvestmen. Synopses of the British Fauna (new series), no. 4 (3rd edition). Hodkinson, I.D. & White, I.M. 1979. Homoptera Psylloidea. Handbooks for the identification of British insects, 2(5a). Hubble, D.S. 2014. A review of the scarce and threatened beetles of Great Britain. The leaf beetles and their allies: Chrysomelidae, Megalopodidae and Orsodacnidae. Natural England Commissioned Report NECR161 (Species Status no. 19). Hyman, P.S. & Parsons, M.S. 1992. A review of the scarce and threatened Coleoptera of Great Britain. Part 1. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee. (UK Nature Conservation, no. 3).

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RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______Kirby, P. 1992. A review of the scarce and threatened Hemiptera of Great Britain. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee. (UK Nature Conservation, no. 2). Large, R. 2013. Wiltshire and Swindon Wildlife Sites Handbook. Devizes: Wildlife Sites Project; Wiltshire Wildlife Trust. Lee, P. 2006. Atlas of the millipedes (Diplopoda) of Britain and Ireland. Sofia: Pensoft. Liston, A.P. & Sheppard, D.A. 2010. Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera Symphyta. www.nhm.ac.uk/resources-rx/files/checklist-of-british-and-irish- sawflies-59046.pdf. Merrett, P., Russell-Smith, A. & Harvey, P. 2014. A revised check list of British spiders. Arachnology, 16(4): 134-144. New, T.R. 2005. Psocoptera (booklice, barklice). Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , 1(7). Plant, C.W. 1997. A key to the adults of British lacewings and their allies (Neuroptera, Megaloptera, Raphidioptera and Mecoptera). Shrewsbury: Field Studies Council. Shirt, D.B. (ed.). 1987. British Red Data Books: 2. Insects. Peterborough: Nature Conservancy Council.

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APPENDIX 4A SAMPLING METHODOLOGY, TARGET GROUPS AND NOMENCLATURE

Methodology

Terrestrial Invertebrates were sampled using a small range of active methods.

Sweep-netting Samples were taken using a net supplied by Marris House Nets, with a lightweight folding circular frame 40 centimetres in diameter and a long and relatively open-weave bag. The net strokes were reasonably rapid, and penetrated as far into the vegetation as was possible without the stroke being seriously slowed by its resistance. Sweeps were counted as single strokes of the net, either from left to right or right to left. A maximum of fifty sweeps was taken before examining the catch. The contents of the net were initially examined in the net, noting or capturing large, fast-moving or readily identified species. The contents were then sifted through a 0.5 centimetre mesh sieve onto a white tray, and the material in the tray examined for smaller and slower animals.

Beating Samples were taken from tree and shrub foliage by holding a sweep-net under the foliage and tapping the branch or branches above sharply several times with a stout stick. The sweep net currently in use was employed for most low branches and scrub. For higher vegetation and larger branches, a net with a lightweight folding frame 55 centimetres in diameter and a long bag was used: this net has the advantage that substantial amounts of foliage from projecting branches can be inserted into the net, or a substantial length of tall vegetation placed next to the net, before sampling. Material was initially examined in the net, then emptied onto a white tray for further sorting.

Active search of other key features of value for invertebrates Features of significance to invertebrates which were not sampled, or not necessarily adequately sampled, by sweeping, beating or suction sampling were more closely investigated by close examination and hand searching. Attention was particularly paid to: flowering plants providing an important nectar source; the undersides of stones, wood and other debris; litter piles; the undersides of plant rosettes; dead wood; fungi; bare ground.

Direct observation A small number of relatively large and readily identified species, especially butterflies, dragonflies, some grasshoppers and crickets, larger hoverflies, bees

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RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______and wasps, were seen without the need for specific search and either identified from sight or individually captured using a sweep-net.

In all methods of active sampling, some readily identified species were noted in the field. Representative examples of most species were collected for subsequent identification or confirmation. Most were collected using a pooter. A dry pooter made from a flexible polythene sample bottle and a combination of rigid plastic and flexible polythene tubing was used to capture most insects and retain them alive; for spiders, some soft-bodied insects and predacious species which might do serious damage to other material if collected live into a dry pooter, a spider- pooter was used to gather up individual specimens which were then blown direct into a container of 60% iso-propanol. Dry-pooted material was kept alive until return to the laboratory. Here it was killed using ethyl acetate vapour, then either identified immediately, or layered between sheets of tissue paper and placed in a labelled plastic box for later examination.

Target groups

The survey was taxonomically wide-ranging, but concentrated on those groups considered most likely to be informative as to conservation interest and habitat requirements. Since the survey was approached in as open-minded a way as possible, the default position was to identify any group which it was thought might hold interest. However, the selection of groups, and the relative extent of identification of the various groups, has been limited by expertise. The following groups have been identified:

Mollusca snails, slugs Crustacea woodlice Acari ticks and mites (ticks only) Araneae spiders Opiliones harvestmen Chilopoda centipedes Diplopoda millipedes Coleoptera beetles Apionidae, Buprestidae, Byturidae, Cantharidae, Carabidae, Cerambycidae, Chrysomelidae, Ciidae, Coccinellidae, Colydiidae, Curculionidae, Dasytidae, Elateridae, Helophoridae, Histeridae, Hydrophilidae, Kateretidae, Latridiidae (selected species), Lucanidae, Malachiidae, Melandryidae, Monotomidae, Mordellidae, Nitidulidae (selected species), Oedemeridae, Phalacridae, Ptinidae, Rhynchitidae, Salpingidae, Scarabaeidae, Scirtidae, Scraptiidae, Silvanidae, Sphindidae, Staphylinidae (except most Aleocharinae), Tenebrionidae, Throscidae ______- 4.27 - WARD ASSOCIATES

RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______Dermaptera earwigs Diptera flies Anisopodidae, Asilidae, Conopidae, Dolichopodidae, Dryomyzidae, Empididae, Heleomyzidae, Hippoboscidae, Hybotidae, Lauxaniidae (selected species), Limoniidae, Lonchopteridae, Opomyzidae, Pipunculidae, Platystomatidae, Rhagionidae, Scathophagidae, Sciomyzidae, Stratiomyidae, Syrphidae, Tabanidae, Tachinidae (selected species), Tephritidae, Tipulidae Hemiptera bugs Auchenorrhyncha, Heteroptera, Psylloidea Hymenoptera bees, wasps, ants, sawflies Aculeata, occasional Symphyta Lepidoptera moths, butterflies Adult and conspicuous larval Macrolepidoptera, occasional Microlepidoptera Mecoptera scorpionflies Neuroptera lacewings Odonata dragonflies Orthoptera grasshoppers, crickets Psocoptera barklice

Identification has been to species except in a small number of cases: taxa from aquatic samples where identification to species was not possible but where overall taxonomic richness is useful for assessment; adults within target groups which could not be identified to species (typically those of which only females were caught and of which only males are identifiable, of which the only examples captured were damaged, or of taxonomically difficult genera where accurate identification to species could not be guaranteed); a small number of taxa are listed as “agg.” where separation of a group of closely related species is both difficult and unrewarding.

Nomenclature

Except for minor updating, names used here predominantly follow readily available checklists, revisions, synopses and atlases. Checklists and other sources used for names have been selected as far as possible on the basis of easy availability, broad coverage, specific reference to the British fauna, of being reasonably recent, and of their availability in printed form. There are few occasions when all these criteria are met. The following sources have been used:

Mollusca Anderson, 2005 Araneae Merrett et al., 2014 Opiliones Hillyard, 2005 ______- 4.28 - WARD ASSOCIATES

RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______Chilopoda Barber, 2009 Diplopoda Lee, 2006 Crustacea Gledhill et al., 1993; Gregory, 2009 Coleoptera Duff, 2012 Dermaptera Haes & Harding, 1997 Diptera Chandler, 2012 Hemiptera-Auchenorrhyncha Biedermann & Niedringhaus, 2009 Hemiptera -Heteroptera Aukema & Rieger, 1995-2006 Hemiptera - Psylloidea http://www.britishbugs.org.uk/systematic.html Hymenoptera Aculeata Archer, 2004 Hymenoptera Symphyta Liston & Sheppard, 2010 Lepidoptera Agassiz et al., 2013 Mecoptera Plant, 1997 Neuroptera Plant, 1997 Odonata Cham et al., 2014 Orthoptera Sutton, 2015 Psocoptera New, 2005

In the lists, taxonomic arrangement of a sort governs the positioning of the highest taxa, with molluscs preceding spiders, crustaceans, myriapods and insects. Otherwise, the arrangement is as far as possible alphabetical. Most records are of insects. Within this group, orders are arranged alphabetically, families alphabetically within orders, and species alphabetically within families. No groupings between family and order, or between genus and family, are used. Other invertebrates are listed under larger taxonomic groupings, usually phylum or class.

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RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______

APPENDIX 4B: STATUSES

Each species in this report is assigned a status. For rarer species, these are the most recent published formal status, assigned by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee or their predecessor, the Nature Conservancy Council.

The giving of statuses has been somewhat complicated by the fact that some invertebrate groups have been assessed against 1994 criteria for IUCN Red List categories, whereas the statuses applied to other invertebrate groups recorded in this survey employ an earlier set of status definitions.

Statuses from the older system used in this report are:

Red Data Book category 2 – Vulnerable (RDB2) Taxa believed likely to move into the Endangered category in the near future if the causal factors continue operating. Included are taxa of which most or all of the populations are decreasing because of over-exploitation, extensive destruction of habitat or other environmental disturbance; taxa with populations that have been seriously depleted and whose ultimate security is not yet assured; and taxa with populations that are still abundant but are under threat from serious adverse factors throughout their range.

Red Data Book category 3 – Rare (RDB3) Taxa with small populations in Great Britain that are not at present Endangered or Vulnerable, but are at risk. These taxa are usually localised within restricted geographical areas or habitats or are thinly scattered over a more extensive range. Included are species which are estimated to exist in only fifteen or fewer hectads. This criterion may be relaxed where populations are likely to exist in over fifteen hectads but occupy small areas of especially vulnerable habitat.

Nationally Scarce category A ( Na) Taxa which do not fall within RDB categories but which are nonetheless uncommon in Great Britain and are thought to occur in 30 or fewer 10km squares of the National Grid or, for less well-recorded groups, within seven or fewer vice-counties.

Nationally Scarce category B (Nb) Taxa which do not fall within RDB categories but which are nonetheless uncommon in Great Britain and are thought to occur in between 31 and 100 10km squares of the National Grid or, for less well-recorded groups, between eight and twenty vice-counties.

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RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______Nationally Scarce (N) For some less well-recorded groups and species, it has not been possible to determine which of the Nationally Scarce categories (A or B) is most appropriate for scarce species. These species have been assigned to an undivided Nationally Scarce category.

Two categories from the revised IUCN criteria have been used:

Vulnerable (VU) A taxon is considered Vulnerable if it fulfils any of the following criteria. A. Reduction in population size based on any of the following: 1. An observed, estimated, inferred or suspected population size reduction of 70% or more over the last 10 years or three generations, whichever is the longer, where the causes of the reduction are clearly reversible and understood and ceased. 2. An observed, estimated, inferred or suspected population size reduction of 50% or more over the last 10 years or three generations, whichever is the longer, where the reduction or its causes may not have ceased or may not be understood or may not be reversible. 3. A population size reduction of 50% or more, projected or suspected to be met within the next ten years or three generations, whichever is the longer. 4. An observed, estimated, inferred or suspected population size reduction of 50% or more over any ten year or three generation period, whichever is the longer, where the time period must include both the past and the future, and where the reduction or its causes may not have ceased or may not be understood or may not be reversible. B. Geographic range in the form of either B1 (extent of occurrence) or B2 (area of occupancy) or both: 1. Extent of occurrence estimated to be less than 500 km2, and estimates including at least two of a-c: a. Severely fragmented or known to exist at no more than five locations b. Continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected, in extent of occurrence, area of occupancy, area, extent or quality of habitat, number of locations or subpopulations, or number of mature individuals c. Extreme fluctuation in extent of occurrence, area of occupancy, number of locations or subpopulations, or number of mature individuals.

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RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______2. Area of occupancy estimated to be less that 500 km2, and estimates including at least two of a-c: a. Severely fragmented or known to exist at no m more than five locations b. Continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected, in extent of occurrence, area of occupancy, area, extent or quality of habitat, number of locations or subpopulations, or number of mature individuals c. Extreme fluctuations in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence, number of locations of subpopulations, or number of mature individuals. C. Population size estimated to be fewer than 2500 mature individuals and either: 1. An estimated continuing decline of at least 20% within five years or two generations, whichever is the longer, or 2. A continuing decline, observed, projected or inferred, in numbers of mature individuals and at least one of the following: a. Population structure either with no subpopulation estimated to contain more than 250 mature individuals or at least 95% of mature individuals in one subpopulation b. Extreme fluctuations in the number of mature individuals. D. Population size estimated to number fewer than 350 mature individuals. E. Quantitative analysis showing the probability of extinction in the wild is at least 20% within 20 years or five generations, whichever is the longer.

Data Deficient (DD) A taxon is Data Deficient when there is inadequate information to make a direct, or indirect, assessment of its risk of extinction based on its distribution and/or population status. A taxon in this category may be well studied, and its biology well known, but appropriate data on abundance and/or distribution are lacking. Data Deficient is therefore not a category of threat. Listing of taxa in this category indicates that more information is required and acknowledges the possibility that future research will show that threatened classification is appropriate.

The "Data Deficient" category, though of obvious value and meaning in the setting of statuses, is deeply unhelpful from the point of view of assessment. The single species falling into this category is listed with this status - insofar as it can be called such - in the appendix to this report, but is not highlighted in assessment.

At the national level, countries are permitted to refine the definitions for the non-threatened categories and to define additional ones of their own. There is ______- 4.32 - WARD ASSOCIATES

RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______some variation between groups as to how this option has been applied. For some, the Near Threatened category has been redefined to include species recorded from 15 or fewer hectads of the Ordnance Survey nationalgrid in Great Britain; for others, a separate category, Nationally Rare (NR) has been used for this purpose. The Nationally Scarce (NS) category is defined in the same way but the species is recorded from between 16 and 100 hectads since 1980. Nationally Rare and Nationally Scarce categories have not been used in recent status reviews of butterflies or dragonflies.

Species not falling into any formal conservation category have been assessed as either local – (l) or common – (c). Neither “local” nor “common” have precise definitions, and are used in the context of this report only to distinguish between species of wide distribution and either broad or very commonly met habitat requirements, and those which, because of more specialised habitat requirements, lesser mobility, or other cause, are of less frequent occurrence. These categories have been applied according to personal experience and the opinions of standard texts, and must be considered in part subjective.

Three conventions have been used in the text and tables in order to simplify technical terms and maintain uniformity. The first is made necessary by the fact that under the older grading system, there was a clear demarcation between Red Data Book and Nationally Scarce species: only statuses higher than Nationally Scarce were included in the Red Data Book, and all took the form of “Red Data Book category …”). Under the newer criteria, there is no unifying RDB prefix to Red Data Book categories. For uniformity in reporting, a division is maintained between Nationally Scarce and IUCN statuses of Near Threatened and higher: all the latter are described here as Red Data Book species. Species which have been assessed as "Nationally Rare" under the new system are also considered Red Data Book species for purposes of counting: since the definition of this category is the same as the old Red Data Book category 3 (Rare), not to do so would introduce a clear inconsistency. The second convention is that although in this section a distinction is made between the Nationally Scarce species defined under the older system and those defined under the newer system, since the two categories are for all usual purposes identical they are combined under the name “Nationally Scarce” in assessment and discussion. The adoption of a single Nationally Scarce category under the new system renders the old division in Na and Nb species effectively unusable in any assessment of a fauna which includes representatives from both systems. The different abbreviations are, however, maintained in tables and lists of species, so that their origins and their original intentions are clear. The third convention is that each species has been assigned a single status. The new IUCN criteria make it possible for a species to be assessed both as Near Threatened and Nationally Rare or Nationally Scarce. In such cases, the IUCN status is given precedence. ______- 4.33 - WARD ASSOCIATES

RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______

Shirt (1987) was the first publication to give definitive Red Data Book statuses to insects. Subsequent reviews proposed many changes to these statuses. Because the revised statuses were preceded by a “p” (for proposed) and not actually published in a Red Data Book, they have not been universally used as the formal status, the Shirt (1987) status being retained. Whatever the technicalities, the retention of a manifestly outdated status for a species where a formal published alternative exists is, for purposes of assessment, clearly unhelpful, and in this report the most recent published estimate of status is given, without the use of “p”s.

Nationally Scarce and Red Data Book statuses have been assigned to the species recorded according to the most conveniently accessible and useful summary of the most recently published statuses, as follows:

Coleoptera Alexander, 2014; Alexander et al., 2014; Hubble, 2014; Hyman & Parsons, 1992 Diptera Ball & Morris, 2014; Falk, 1991b Hemiptera Kirby, 1992 Hymenoptera Falk, 1991a Lepidoptera Fox et al. 2010 Orthoptera Sutton, 2015

For most groups, the statuses in these publications correspond to those provided on the JNCC website. However, the website does not currently include statuses for Lepidoptera (other than butterflies), or statuses below Red Data Book for spiders. The stated reason for this is that the published statuses are out of date, and therefore potentially misleading. This is, however, equally true of the statuses of some groups which are included in the JNCC listing, and since it is not acceptable for these important groups to be without statuses, the published statuses are retained here.

The list has also been checked for any species included in Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006 ("species of principal importance for the conservation of biodiversity in England") (S41). Such species are, however, a rather eclectic mix, and are largely irrelevant to assessment.

The abbreviations given in bold above are those used in all subsequent tables of records in this report.

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RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______APPENDIX 4C: COMPLETE LIST OF RECORDED SPECIES

Area Area Taxon Status s Taxon Status s A B A B Mollusca - snails, slugs Misumena vatia local x Arionidae Xysticus cristatus common x Arion ater common x Opiliones - harvestmen Arion subfuscus common x Leiobuninae Clausiliidae Dicranopalpus ramosus common x Clausilia bidentata common x Leiobunum rotundum common x Discidae Nemastomatidae Discus rotundatus common x Nemastoma bimaculatum common x Gastrodontidae Phalangiidae Zonitoides excavatus local x Leiobunum blackwalli common x Helicidae Oligolophus tridens common x Cornu aspersum common x x Opilio saxatilis common x Hygromiidae Paroligolophus agrestis common x Monacha cantiana common x Phalangium opilio common x Trochulus striolatus common x Chilopoda - centipedes Limacidae Cryptopsidae Lehmannia marginata common x x Cryptops hortensis common x x Limax maximus common x x Geophilidae Oxychilidae Geophilus flavus common x Aegopinella pura common x Geophilus truncorum common x Nesovitrea hammonis common x Stigmatogaster subterranea common x Acari - ticks, mites Lithobiidae Ixodidae Lithobius forficatus common x Ixodes ricinus common x x Lithobius variegatus common x x Araneae - spiders Diplopoda - millipedes Agelenidae Chordeumatidae Agelena labyrinthica common x Melogona scutellaris local x Anyphaena accentuata common x Craspedosomatidae Araneidae Nanogona polydesmoides common x Agelenatea redii local x Glomeridae Araneus diadematus common x Glomeris marginata common x Gibbaranea bituberculata common x Julidae Mangora acalypha local x Cylindroiulus punctatus common x Nuctenea umbratica common x Ophyiulus pilosus common x Clubionidae Tachypodoiulus niger common x Clubiona lutescens common x Polydesmidae Gnaphosidae Polydesmus angustus common x Drasyllus pusillus common x Polyxenidae Linyphiidae Polyxenus lagurus local x Macrargus rufus common x Crustacea - woodlice Lycosidae Oniscidae Pardosa pullata common x Oniscus asellus common x x Pisauridae Philosciidae Pisaura mirabilis common x x Philoscia muscorum common x x Tetragnathidae Porcellionidae Metellina segmentata common x Porcellio scaber common x x Pachygnatha degeeri common x Trichoniscidae Zygiella atrica common x Haplophthalmus danicus common x Theridiidae Trichoniscus pusillus agg. common x x Enoplognatha ovata common x Coleoptera - beetles Thomisidae Apionidae Diaea dorsata local x x Apion frumentarium common x ______- 4.35 - WARD ASSOCIATES

RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______Area Area Taxon Status s Taxon Status s A B A B Apion haematodes common x Stenurella melanura local x Ceratapion gibbirostre common x Stictoleptura scutellata Na x Cynapion afer local x Chrysomelidae Exapion fuscirostre common x x Aphthona euphorbiae common x x Ischnopterapion modestum common x x Bruchidius villosus common x Omphalapion hookerorum common x Chaetocnema hortensis common x Perapion curtirostre common x Crepidodera aurata common x x Perapion marchicum common x Crepidodera fulvicornis common x Perapion violaceum common x Gastrophysa viridula common x x Protapion apricans common x Longitarsus flavicornis common x Protapion fulvipes common x x Longitarsus parvulus common x x Protapion nigritarse common x Neocrepidodera transversa common x x Protapion trifolii common x Oulema melanopus agg. common x x Buprestidae Psylliodes chrysocephala common x Agrilus biguttatus local x x Psylliodes cuprea local x Agrilus laticornis local x Ciidae Byturidae Cis boleti common x Byturus tomentosus common x x Coccinellidae Cantharidae Adalia bipunctata common x Cantharis flavilabris common x Adalia decempunctata common x Cantharis rufa common x Anatis ocellata common x Malthinus flaveolus common x x Aphidecta obliterata common x x Malthodes marginatus common x Calvia quattuordecimguttata common x x Malthodes minimus common x x Coccinella septempunctata common x x Rhagonycha fulva common x x Coccinella undecimpunctata local x Rhagonycha lignosa common x Halyzia sedecimpunctata common x Carabidae Harmonia axyridis common x Abax parallelepipedus common x x Hippodamia variegata Nb x Amara aenea common x Propylea Amara similata common x quattuordecimpunctata common x x Badister bullatus common x Rhyzobius litura common x x Bembidion lampros common x Scymnus auritus common x Bembidion properans common x Subcoccinella Bembidion quadrimaculatum common x vigintiquattuorpunctata common x Calathus fuscipes common x Tytthaspis sedecimpunctata common x Calathus rotundicollis common x Colydiidae Calodromius spilotus common x Bitoma crenata local x Carabus problematicus common x Curculionidae Curtonotus aulicus common x Acalles misellus local x x Dromius quadrimaculatus common x x Andrion regensteinensis common x Leistus fulvibarbis common x Ceutorhynchus erysimi common x Leistus rufomarginatus local x Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus common x Microlestes maurus common x Cionus scrophulariae common x Nebria brevicollis common x x Curculio glandium common x Notiophilus biguttatus common x Curculio nucum common x x Ocys harpaloides common x Curculio venosus common x Oxypselaphus obscurus common x Dorytomus taeniatus common x Paradromius linearis common x Euophryum confine common x Platynus assimilis common x x Hypera rumicis common x Pterostichus madidus common x Liophloeus tessulatus common x Pterostichus niger common x x Nedyus quadrimaculatus common x x Syntomus foveatus common x Orchestes pilosus local x Cerambycidae Orchestes rusci local x Rhagium bifasciatum local x Otiorhynchus singularis common x Rutpela maculata local x x Parethelcus pollinarius common x x ______- 4.36 - WARD ASSOCIATES

RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______Area Area Taxon Status s Taxon Status s A B A B Pelenomus waltoni Nb x Rhizophagus dispar common x Rhinonchus inconspectus common x Mordellidae Rhinonchus pericarpius common x Mordellistena pumila local x Rhinoncus perpendicularius common x Tomoxia bucephala NS x Scolytus intricatus local x Nitidulidae Sitona cylindricollis local x Meligethes aeneus common x x Sitona hispidulus common x Oedemeridae Sitona lepidus common x Oedemera lurida common x x Sitona lineatus common x x Oedemera nobilis common x x Sitona macularius Nb x Phalacridae Sitona puncticollis local x x Olibrus aeneus common x Strophosoma Olibrus corticalis local x melanogrammum common x x Ptinidae Tychius picirostris common x x Anobium fulvicorne common x x Dasytidae Anobium inexpectatum Nb x Dasytes niger NR x Anobium punctatum common x x Elateridae Ochina ptinoides local x Adrastus pallens common x Rhynchitidae Agriotes pallidulus common x x Deporaus mannerheimi common x Athous bicolor common x Salpingidae Athous haemorrhoidalis common x Salpingus planirostris local x Dalopius marginatus common x Vincinzellus ruficollis local x Hemicrepidius hirtus common x Scarabaeidae Melanotus villosus agg. common x Aphodius sphacelatus common x Oedostethus quadripustulatus Na x Melolontha melolontha common x Eucnemidae Onthophagus coenobita local x Epiphanis cornutus local x Onthophagus similis local x Helophoridae Scirtidae Helophorus aequalis common x Cyphon padi common x Histeridae Microcara testacea common x Margarinotus brunneus common x Scraptiidae Hydrophilidae Anaspis fasciata common x Anacaena globulus common x Anaspis frontalis common x x Cercyon pygmaeus common x Anaspis garneysi common x Hydrobius fuscipes common x Anaspis maculata common x x Kateretidae Anaspis pulicaria common x x Brachypterus glaber common x x Anaspis regimbarti common x Brachypterus urticae common x x Scydmaenidae Latridiidae Scydmaenus rufus RDB2 x Cartodere bifasciata common x Silphidae Cartodere nodifer common x x Silpha atrata common x x Cortinicara gibbosa common x Silvanidae Leiodidae Silvanus unidentatus local x Nargus wilkini common x x Uleiota planatus Na x Sciodrepoides watsoni common x x Sphindidae Lucanidae Aspidiphorus orbiculatus local x Dorcus parallelepipedus local x Staphylinidae Malachiidae Acrulia inflata local x Axinotarsus marginalis common x x Anotylus rugosus common x Malachius bipustulatus common x Anotylus sculpturatus common x Melandryidae Atrecus affinis common x Conopalpus testaceus local x Brachygluta fossulata common x Orchesia undulata local x Creophilus maxillosus local x Monotomidae Dropephylla ioptera common x Rhizophagus bipustulatus common x Dropephylla vilis common x ______- 4.37 - WARD ASSOCIATES

RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______Area Area Taxon Status s Taxon Status s A B A B Gabrius splendidulus common x Dolichopus popularis common x Grypohypnus angustatus common x Dolichopus signatus local x Habrocerus capillaricornis common x Dolichopus trivialis common x x Hapalaraea pygmaea common x Dolichopus ungulatus common x Nudobius lentus common x Hercostomus aerosus common x Ontholestes tessellatus local x Hercostomus nigripennis common x x Paederus riparius common x Medetera dendrobaena local x Phloeocaris subtilissima local x Medetera impigra local x Phloeonomus punctipennis common x Medetera truncorum common x Platydracus stercorarius common x Neurigona quadrifasciata common x Proteinus brachypterus common x Poecilobothrus nobilitatus common x x Quedius curtipennis common x Scellus notatus common x Quedius picipes common x Sciapus platypterus common x x Stenus clavicornis common x Sympycnus desoutteri common x Stenus picipes common x x Syntormon pallipes common x Stenus similis common x Xanthochlorus ornatus local x Tachinus signatus common x Xanthochlorus tenellus local x Tachyporus chrysomelinus common x Empididae Tachyporus hypnorum common x Dolichocephala guttata common x Tachyporus nitidulus common x Empis aestiva common x Tasgius morsitans common x Empis livida common x Xantholinus gallicus local x Hilara litorea common x Xantholinus longiventris common x Heleomyzidae Tenebrionidae Suillia bicolor common x Nalassus laevioctostriatus local x x Suillia variegata common x Throscidae Hippoboscidae Trixagus dermestoides common x Liptoptena cervi common x Dermaptera - earwigs Hybotidae Forficulidae Bicellaria vana common x Forficula auricularia common x x Hybos culiciformis common x x Diptera - flies Ocydromia glabricula common x Anisopodidae Oedalea holmgreni common x x Sylvicola cinctus common x Oedalea stigmatella common x Asilidae Phyllodromia melanocephala common x Dioctria baumhaueri common x Platypalpus minutus common x Dioctria linearis common x Platypalpus pallidiventris common x Leptogaster cylindrica common x x Lauxaniidae Leptogaster guttiventris N x Peplomyza litura common x x Machimus atricapillus common x Limoniidae Machimus cingulatus local x Dicranomyia chorea common x x Conopidae Dicranomyia morio common x Sicus ferrugineus common x x Dicranophragma nemorale common x Thecophora atra local x Molophilus ochraceus common x Thecophora fulvipes N x Tasiocera murina common x Dolichopodidae Lonchopteridae Argyra argyria local x Lonchoptera lutea common x x Argyra leucocephala common x Muscidae Campsicnemus curvipes common x Musca autumnalis common x Chrysotimus molliculus local x Opomyzidae Chrysotus gramineus common x Geomyza tripunctata common x x Dolichopus discifer common x Opomyza florum common x x Dolichopus festivus common x x Opomyza germinationis common x x Dolichopus griseipennis common x x Pipunculidae Dolichopus longicornis local x Eudorylas fusculus DD x Dolichopus plumipes common x x Nephrocerus flavicornis local x ______- 4.38 - WARD ASSOCIATES

RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______Area Area Taxon Status s Taxon Status s A B A B Platystomatidae Volucella inflata local x Rivellia syngenesiae local x Volucella pellucens common x x Rhagionidae Volucella zonaria common x Chrysopilus asiliformis common x Xanthogramma pedissequum local x x Chrysopilus cristatus common x Xylota segnis common x x Rhagio lineola common x x Tabanidae Scathophagidae Haematopota pluvialis common x Norellisoma spinimanum common x Tabanus autumnalis local x Scathophaga stercoraria common x Tachinidae Sciomyzidae Eriothrix rufomaculatus common x Coremacera marginata local x Tephritidae Limnia paludicola common x Cerajocera tussilaginis common x Tetanura pallidiventris local x Chetostoma curvinerve RDB2 x Trypetoptera punctulata common x x Tephritis formosa common x Stratiomyidae Tephritis neesii common x Beris fuscipes N x Tephritis vespertina common x Beris morrisii common x x Terellia ruficauda common x Beris vallata common x Urophora stylata common x Chloromyia formosa common x Xyphosia miliaria common x Chorisops tibialis common x Tipulidae Microchrysa flavicornis common x Nephrotoma quadrifaria common x Microchrysa polita common x Pachygaster atra common x Nephrotoma flavipalpis common x Pachygaster leachii common x Tipula cava local x Syrphidae Tipula fascipennis common x Arctophila superbiens local x Tipula lunata common x Baccha elongata common x Tipula oleracea common x x Cheilosia impressa local x Hemiptera - bugs Cheilosia vernalis common x Acanthosomatidae Chrysogaster solstitialis common x Elasmostethus interstinctus common x Chrysotoxum bicinctum local x Anthocoridae Episyrphus balteatus common x x Anthocoris confusus common x Eristalis horticola common x Anthocoris nemoralis common x Eristalis pertinax common x Anthocoris nemorum common x x Eristalis tenax common x x Cardiastethus fasciiventris common x Eupeodes corollae common x x Orius majusculus common x Eupeodes luniger common x Orius niger common x Helophilus pendulus common x Orius vicinus common x Melanostoma mellinum common x Temnostethus gracilis common x x Melanostoma scalare common x Temnostethus pusillus common x Myathropa florea common x Xylocoris cursitans local x Neoascia podagrica common x Aphrophoridae Neoascia tenur common x Aphrophora alni common x x Paragus haemorrhous common x Neophilaenus lineatus common x x Pipizella viduata common x Philaenus spumarius common x x Platycheirus albimanus common x Aradidae Platycheirus angustatus common x x Aneurus avenius local x Platycheirus clypeatus common x Arytainidae Platycheirus peltatus common x Arytaina genistae common x Sphaerophoria scripta common x x Berytidae Syritta pipiens common x x Berytinus minor local x Syrphus ribesii common x x Cicadellidae Syrphus torvus common x Alebra albostriella common x x Volucella bombylans common x x Alebra wahlbergi common x x Volucella inanis common x Allygus mixtus common x ______- 4.39 - WARD ASSOCIATES

RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______Area Area Taxon Status s Taxon Status s A B A B Allygus modestus common x Heterogaster urticae common x x Aphrodes makarovi common x x Kleidocerys resedae common x x Arthaldeus pascuellus common x x Nysius ericae common x Balclutha punctata common x x Nysius senecionis common x Cicadella viridis common x x Peritrechus geniculatus common x x Cicadula persimilis common x Plinthisus brevipennis local x Deltocephalus pulicaris common x x Scolopostethus affinis common x Edwardsiana avellanae common x Scolopostethus thomsoni common x x Elymana sulphurella common x Trapezonotus desertus local x Empoasca vitis common x Microphysidae Errastunus ocellaris common x x Loricula elegantula common x Eupelix cuspidata common x Miridae Eupteryx aurata common x x Acetropis gimmerthalii local x x Eupteryx filicum local x Amblytylus nasutus common x x Eupteryx stachydearum common x x Apolygus spinolae common x x Eupteryx urticae common x x Atractotomus magnicornis common x Eupteryx vittata common x Atractotomus mali common x Eurhadina loewii common x Blepharidopterus angulatus common x Eurhadina pulchella common x x Campyloneura virgula common x x Euscelis incisus common x x Capsus ater common x x Graphocephala fennahi common x Closterotomus norwegicus common x x Grypotes puncticollis common x Deraeocoris flavilinea common x x Iassus lanio common x Deraeocoris lutescens common x x Macropsis fuscula common x Deraeocoris ruber common x Macropsis infuscata common x Dicyphus errans common x Macropsis prasina common x Dicyphus globulifer common x Macrosteles sexnotatus common x Dicyphus pallicornis common x Macrosteles viridigriseus common x x Grypocoris stysi common x Megophthalmus scabripennis common x Halticus luteicollis local x x Oncopsis avellanae local x Heterocordylus tibialis common x Oncopsis flavicollis common x x Heterotoma planicornis common x x Oncopsis tristis common x x Leptopterna dolabrata common x x Psammotettix confinis common x x Leptopterna ferrugata common x Ribautiana tenerrima common x Liocoris tripustulatus common x x Sonronius dahlbomi local x Lopus decolor common x Streptanus sordidus common x Lygocoris pabulinus common x Thamnotettix confinis common x Lygus rugulipennis common x Thamnotettix dilutior common x Macrotylus solitarius local x Zyginidia scutellaris common x Malacoris chlorizans common x Cixiidae Megaloceroea recticornis common x x Cixius nervosus common x x Monalocoris filicis common x Coreidae Neolygus contaminatus common x x Coreus marginatus common x x Notostira elongata common x x Delphacidae Orthonotus rufifrons common x Conomelus anceps common x x Orthops campestris common x x Ditropis pteridis common x Orthotylus adenocarpi common x x Javesella pellucida common x x Orthotylus marginalis common x Kelisia guttulifera local x Orthotylus ochrotrichus common x Muellerianella fairmairei common x x Orthotylus tenellus common x Issidae Pantilius tunicatus local x Issus coleoptratus local x x Phylus coryli common x x Lygaeidae Phylus melanocephalus common x Cymus melanocephalus common x x Phytocoris longipennis common x Drymus brunneus common x Phytocoris tiliae common x Gastrodes grossipes common x Phytocoris varipes common x x ______- 4.40 - WARD ASSOCIATES

RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______Area Area Taxon Status s Taxon Status s A B A B Pilophorus clavatus local x Apidae Pithanus maerkelii common x x Apis mellifera common x x Plagiognathus arbustorum common x x Bombus hortorum common x x Plagiognathus chrysanthemi common x x Bombus hypnorum common x x Polymerus nigritus common x Bombus lapidarius common x x Psallus flavellus common x Bombus lucorum/terrestris common x x Psallus lepidus common x Bombus pascuorum common x x Psallus perrisi common x Bombus vestalis common x Psallus varians common x Nomada marshamella common x Stenodema calcarata common x Nomada rufipes common x Stenodema laevigata common x x Chrysididae Stenotus binotatus common x x Chrysis illigeri Na x Tupiocoris rhododendri common x Hedychridium ardens local x Nabidae Hedychridium roseum local x Himacerus apterus common x Hedychrum niemalei RDB3 x Himacerus mirmicoides common x x Pseudomalus violaceus Nb x Nabis ferus common x Trichrysis cyanea common x Nabis flavomarginatus common x Colletidae Nabis limbatus common x Colletes fodiens local x Nabis rugosus common x x Colletes hederae local x Pentatomidae Colletes similis local x x Aelia acuminata common x Hylaeus communis common x Dolycoris baccarum local x x Hylaeus confusus common x Eysarcoris venustissimus common x x Crabronidae Neottiglossa pusilla local x Astata boops local x Palomena prasina common x x Cerceris arenaria local x Pentatoma rufipes common x x Cerceris rybyensis common x Piezodorus lituratus common x x Crossocerus annulipes common x Podops inuncta common x Crossocerus binotatus Nb x Reduviidae Crossocerus pusillus local x Empicoris vagabundus local x x Diodontus minutus local x Myrmus miriformis local x Dryudella pinguis local x Rhopalus subrufus common x Ectemnius cavifrons common x Stictopleurus Ectemnius cephalotes common x punctatonervosus X x Ectemnius continuus common x Saldidae Ectemnius lapidarius common x Saldula saltatoria common x Ectemnius ruficornis Nb x x Scutelleridae Entomognathus brevis common x Eurygaster testudinaria local x x Lindenius albilabris common x x Tingidae Lindenius panzeri local x Physatocheila dumetorum common x Mellinus arvensis common x Stephanitis takeyai ? x Mimesa equestris local x Tingis ampliata common x Mimumesa dahlbomi common x Tingis cardui common x Nysson spinosus local x Triozidae Oxybelus uniglumis local x Trioza galii common x Passaloecus corniger common x Trioza urticae common x Passaloecus gracilis common x Hymenoptera - bees, wasps, ants, sawflies Passaloecus singularis common x Andrenidae Pemphedron lugubris common x Andrena denticulata local x Philanthus triangulum RDB2 x Andrena dorsata common x x Psenulus pallipes common x Andrena flavipes common x x Tachysphex pompiliformis local x Andrena minutula common x Trypoxylon attenuatum common x Panurgus banksianus local x Trypoxylon clavicerum common x Panurgus calcaratus local x Formicidae ______- 4.41 - WARD ASSOCIATES

RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______Area Area Taxon Status s Taxon Status s A B A B Formica fusca common x x Argynnis paphia local x x Lasius fuliginosus local x x Limenitis camilla local x x Lasius niger common x x Maniola jurtina common x x Leptothorax acervorum common x Melanargia galathea local x x Myrmica ruginodis common x x Pararge aegeria common x x Myrmica scabrinodis common x x Polygonia c-album common x Myrmica sulcinodis common x Pyronia tithonus common x x Halictidae Vanessa atalanta common x Halictus tumulorum common x Pieridae Lasioglossum calceatum common x x Gonepteryx rhamni common x Lasioglossum leucozonium common x Pieris brassicae common x x Lasioglossum morio common x x Pieris napi common x x Lasioglossum parvulum common x Pieris rapae common x x Lasioglossum punctatissimum common x x Zygaenidae Lasioglossum smeathmanellum common x Zygaena lonicerae common x Lasioglossum villosulum common x x Mecoptera - scorpionflies Sphecodes longulus Na x Panorpidae Ichneumonidae Panorpa communis common x Rhyssa persuasoria local x Panorpa germanica common x Neuroptera - lacewings Megachilidae Chrysopidae Osmia spinulosa local x Chrysopa perla common x Mutillidae Chrysoperla carnea agg. common x x Myrmosa atra local x Dichochrysa prasina common x Pompilidae Hemerobiidae Anoplius nigerrimus common x Hemerobius humulinus common x Siricidae Hemerobius nitidulus common x Urocerus gigas local x Micromus angulatus common x Xeris spectrum local x Micromus variegatus common x Sphecidae Odonata - dragonflies Ammophila sabulosa local x Aeshnidae Tenthredinidae Aeshna cyanea common x x Rhogogaster viridis common x Libellulidae Vespidae Libellula depressa local x Microdynerus exilis Nb x Sympetrum striolatum common x x Symmorphus gracilis common x x Orthoptera - grasshoppers, crickets Vespa crabro local x Acrididae Vespula vulgaris common x Chorthippus brunneus common x x Lepidoptera - moths, butterflies Chorthippus parallelus common x x Erebidae Omocestus rufipes Nb x x Eilema depressa local x Tetrigidae Miltochrista miniata local x Tetrix subulata common x Tyria jacobaeae common x Tetrix undulata common x Geometridae Tettigoniidae Lomaspilis marginata common x Conocephalus fuscus common x Petrophora chlorosata common x Leptophyes punctatissima common x x Hesperiidae Meconema sp. x x Ochlodes sylvanus common x x Metrioptera roeselii common x x Thymelicus lineola common x Pholidoptera griseoaptera common x Thymelicus sylvestris common x x Psocoptera - barklice Lycaenidae Caeciliusidae Celastrina argiolus common x Valenzuela flavidus common x Nymphalidae Ectopsocidae Aglais io common x Ectopsocus briggsi common x Aphantopus hyperantus common x x Philotarsidae ______- 4.42 - WARD ASSOCIATES

RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______Area Taxon Status s A B Philotarsus parviceps common x Psocidae Trichadotecnum majus common x

______- 4.43 - WARD ASSOCIATES

RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______APPENDIX 4D: HABITAT BREAKDOWN FOR RED DATA BOOK, NATIONALLY SCARCE AND LOCAL SPECIES

Family Species Status Habitat group Araneae Araneidae Agelenatea redii local mosaic and transition Araneidae Mangora acalypha local mosaic and transition Thomisidae Diaea dorsata local tree and shrub foliage Thomisidae Misumena vatia local grassland and open habitats Coleoptera Apionidae Cynapion afer local grassland and open habitats Carabidae Leistus rufomarginatus local woodland/shade Cerambycidae Rhagium bifasciatum local saproxylic Cerambycidae Rutpela maculata local saproxylic Cerambycidae Stenurella melanura local saproxylic Cerambycidae Stictoleptura scutellata Na saproxylic Chrysomelidae Psylliodes cuprea local grassland and open habitats Coccinellidae Coccinella undecimpunctata local grassland and open habitats Coccinellidae Hippodamia variegata Nb grassland and open habitats Colydiidae Bitoma crenata local saproxylic Curculionidae Acalles misellus local saproxylic Curculionidae Orchestes pilosus local tree and shrub foliage Curculionidae Orchestes rusci local tree and shrub foliage Curculionidae Pelenomus waltoni Nb aquatic and wetland Curculionidae Scolytus intricatus local saproxylic Curculionidae Sitona cylindricollis local grassland and open habitats Curculionidae Sitona macularius Nb grassland and open habitats Curculionidae Sitona puncticollis local grassland and open habitats Dasytidae Dasytes niger NR saproxylic Elateridae Oedostethus quadripustulatus Na grassland and open habitats Eucnemidae Epiphanis cornutus local saproxylic Lucanidae Dorcus parallelepipedus local saproxylic Melandryidae Conopalpus testaceus local saproxylic Melandryidae Orchesia undulata local saproxylic Mordellidae Mordellistena pumila local grassland and open habitats Mordellidae Tomoxia bucephala NS saproxylic Phalacridae Olibrus corticalis local grassland and open habitats Ptinidae Anobum inexpectatum Nb saproxylic Ptinidae Ochina ptinoides local saproxylic Salpingidae Salpingus planirostris local saproxylic Salpingidae Vincinzellus ruficollis local saproxylic Scarabaeidae Onthophagus coenobita local grassland and open habitats Scarabaeidae Onthophagus similis local grassland and open habitats Scydmaenidae Scydmaenus rufus RDB2 saproxylic Silvanidae Silvanus bidentatus local saproxylic Silvanidae Uleiota planata Na saproxylic Sphindidae Aspidiphorus orbiculatus local saproxylic Staphylinidae Acrulia inflata local saproxylic Staphylinidae Creophilus maxillosus local generalist Staphylinidae Ontholestes tessellatus local generalist Staphylinidae Phloeocaris subtilissima local saproxylic Staphylinidae Xantholinus gallicus local generalist Tenebrionidae Nalassus laevioctostriatus local saproxylic Diplopoda Chordeumatidae Melogona scutellaris local woodland/shade

______- 4.44 - WARD ASSOCIATES

RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______Family Species Status Habitat group Polyxenidae Polyxenus lagurus local tree and shrub foliage Diptera Asilidae Leptogaster guttiventris N grassland and open habitats Asilidae Machimus cingulatus local grassland and open habitats Conopidae Thecophora atra local grassland and open habitats Conopidae Thecophora fulvipes N grassland and open habitats Dolichopodidae Argyra argyria local aquatic and wetland Dolichopodidae Chrysotimus molliculus local woodland/shade Dolichopodidae Dolichopus longicornis local aquatic and wetland Dolichopodidae Dolichopus signatus local aquatic and wetland Dolichopodidae Medetera dendrobaena local saproxylic Dolichopodidae Medetera impigra local saproxylic Dolichopodidae Xanthochlorus ornatus local woodland/shade Dolichopodidae Xanthochlorus tenellus local woodland/shade Pipunculidae Eudorylas fusculus DD ? Pipunculidae Nephrocerus flavicornis local mosaic and transition Platystomatidae Rivellia syngenesiae local aquatic and wetland Sciomyzidae Coremacera marginata local grassland and open habitats Sciomyzidae Tetanura pallidiventris local woodland/shade Stratiomyidae Beris fuscipes N woodland/shade Syrphidae Arctophila superbiens local woodland/shade, aquatic and wetland Syrphidae Cheilosia impressa local grassland and open habitats Syrphidae Chrysotoxum bicinctum local grassland and open habitats Syrphidae Volucella inflata local saproxylic Syrphidae Xanthogramma pedissequum local grassland and open habitats Tabanidae Tabanus autumnalis local aquatic and wetland Tephritidae Chetostoma curvinerve RDB2 tree and shrub foliage Tipulidae Tipula cava local woodland/shade Hemiptera Anthocoridae Xylocoris cursitans local saproxylic Aradidae Aneurus avenius local saproxylic Berytidae Berytinus minor local grassland and open habitats Berytidae Neides tipularius local grassland and open habitats Cicadellidae Eupteryx filicum local woodland/shade Cicadellidae Oncopsis avellanae local tree and shrub foliage Cicadellidae Sonronius dahlbomi local woodland/shade Delphacidae Kelisia guttulifera local grassland and open habitats Issidae Issus coleoptratus local tree and shrub foliage Lygaeidae Plinthisus brevipennis local grassland and open habitats Lygaeidae Trapezonotus desertus local grassland and open habitats Miridae Acetropis gimmerthalii local grassland and open habitats Miridae Halticus luteicollis local grassland and open habitats Miridae Macrotylus solitarius local woodland/shade Miridae Pantilius tunicatus local tree and shrub foliage Miridae Pilophorus clavatus local tree and shrub foliage Pentatomidae Dolycoris baccarum local grassland and open habitats Pentatomidae Neottiglossa pusilla local grassland and open habitats Pentatomidae Zicrona caerulea local grassland and open habitats Reduviidae Empicoris vagabundus local tree and shrub foliage Rhopalidae Myrmus miriformis local grassland and open habitats Scutelleridae Eurygaster testudinaria local grassland and open habitats Hymenoptera Andrenidae Andrena denticulata local grassland and open habitats Andrenidae Panurgus banksianus local grassland and open habitats Andrenidae Panurgus calcaratus local grassland and open habitats

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RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______Family Species Status Habitat group Chrysididae Chrysis illigeri Na grassland and open habitats Chrysididae Hedychridium ardens local grassland and open habitats Chrysididae Hedychridium roseum local grassland and open habitats Chrysididae Hedychrum niemalei RDB3 grassland and open habitats Chrysididae Pseudomalus violaceus Nb mosaic and transition, saproxylic Colletidae Colletes fodiens local grassland and open habitats Colletidae Colletes hederae local grassland and open habitats, tree and shrub foliage Colletidae Colletes similis local grassland and open habitats Crabronidae Astata boops local grassland and open habitats Crabronidae Cerceris arenaria local grassland and open habitats Crabronidae Crossocerus binotatus Nb mosaic and transition, saproxylic Crabronidae Crossocerus pusillus local grassland and open habitats Crabronidae Diodontus minutus local grassland and open habitats Crabronidae Dryudella pinguis local grassland and open habitats Crabronidae Ectemnius ruficornis Nb mosaic and transition, saproxylic Crabronidae Lindenius panzeri local grassland and open habitats Crabronidae Mimesa equestris local grassland and open habitats Crabronidae Nysson spinosus local grassland and open habitats Crabronidae Oxybelus uniglumis local grassland and open habitats Crabronidae Philanthus triangulum RDB2 grassland and open habitats Crabronidae Tachysphex pompiliformis local grassland and open habitats Formicidae Lasius fuliginosus local saproxylic Halictidae Sphecodes longulus Na grassland and open habitats Ichneumonidae Rhyssa persuasoria local saproxylic Megachilidae Osmia spinulosa local grassland and open habitats Mutillidae Myrmosa atra local grassland and open habitats Siricidae Urocerus gigas local saproxylic Siricidae Xeris spectrum local saproxylic Sphecidae Ammophila sabulosa local grassland and open habitats Vespidae Microdynerus exilis Nb mosaic and transition Vespidae Vespa crabro local saproxylic Lepidoptera Erebidae Eilema depressa local tree and shrub foliage Erebidae Miltochrista miniata local tree and shrub foliage Nymphalidae Argynnis paphia local woodland/shade Nymphalidae Limenitis camilla local woodland/shade Nymphalidae Melanargia galathea local grassland and open habitats Mollusca Gastrodontidae Zonitoides excavatus local woodland/shade Odonata Libellulidae Libellula depressa local aquatic and wetland Orthoptera Acrididae Omocestus rufipes Nb woodland/shade

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RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______

PHOTOGRAPHS

Photograph 1: Substantial and apparently interesting hazel, with standing dead wood supported within the stem complex; one of many which failed to provide significant invertebrate interest

______- 4.47 - WARD ASSOCIATES

RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______

Photograph 2: Well-structured stretch of Sandland Drove, with substantial hazels, a moderate amount of dead wood, good light penetration, and well-formed transitions from central grass to woody vegetation: but little recorded interest

______- 4.48 - WARD ASSOCIATES

RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______

Photograph 3: Standing dead timber in full sun; valuable habitat for saproxylic species, but rather small for high interest

______- 4.49 - WARD ASSOCIATES

RAYMOND BROWN EXTENSION TO BRICKWORTH QUARRY MINERALS AND RECYCLING LTD ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ______

Photograph 4: Perhaps the most important stretch of track margin on the site, supporting a high density of burrows of solitary bees and wasps

Photograph 5: Well-structured open space with good transitions to scrub and a moderate number of nectar flowers, but with generally rather coarse, dense, vegetation

______- 4.50 - WARD ASSOCIATES

N

B3 B1

B2

A3 A1

A2

Figure 4A: Invertebrate Recording Areas

Key:

A1 Plantation and rides B1 Plantation and rides A2 Clearing and adjacent ride B2 Clearing A3 Grassland B3 Broadleaved fringe and track