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Code-Mixing As Found in Kartini Magazine

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Code-Mixing As Found in Kartini Magazine Code-Mixing as Found in Kartini Magazine Dewi Yanti Agustina Sinaga [email protected] Abstract This study deals with code-mixing in Kartini magazine. The objective of the study is to analyze the components of language used in code-mixing namely word, phrase, clause and sentence and to find out the components of language which occurs dominantly in code-mixing in Kartini magazine. This study is limited on the use of code-mixing only in English and Indonesian language in articles of Kartini magazine and it taken randomly as the sample. The study was conducted by using descriptive quantitative design. The technique for collecting the data was a documentary technique. The data were analyzed based on the components of language which consists of word, phrase, clause and sentence. Having analyzed the data,it was found that the components of language dominantly used is in word. The percentage of word is 59,6% followed by phrase 38%, sentence 2,4% and clause 0%. Key words : Code mixing, word, phrase, clause and sentence 1. The Background of the Study Communication has become a basic need for human beings. The activity or process of expressing ideas and feelings or giving information is called communication (Hornby, 2008: 84). The main instrument of communication is language. By using it, human can get information through language. Jendra (2010: 1) explains that “The word language is used only to refer to human’s way of communicating. In addition, Alwasilah (1983: 37) also defines that “Language is an activity of human mind, and activities of human minds are wonderfully varied, often illogical, sometimes unpredictable and occasionally obscure. They are illogical, unpredictable or obscure often because of the forces of emotion, fears, desires, wishes hopes, etc., affect our language at every instant in real life, especially our selecting of words and the structures of our sentences”. Language is an inseparable element from daily interaction of human life to communicate with each other. Since human beings are social cultures, they have a tendency to live to their society and need communication and interaction. They cannot live alone in isolation without interaction with other people. In bilingual communication, two various languages are often used along together. In this kind of situation they sometimes speak by mixing language or codes, which they know. Sometimes the languages are mixed or they are switched to another one. Then these phenomena are known as Code- mixing and Code-switching. One of the bilingual phenomena is Code-mixing or language mixing. It is the use of more than one language mixed in the same utterance. It can occur in any language such as Spanish – Chinese, Dutch - French, Malay – Arabic and many others. Code-mixing also often happen among Indonesian people. Usually they mix a foreign language such as English and Indonesian language. Some examples as follow: 1. ‘Kamu harus ingat tidak ada orang yang perfect di dunia ini’ (You have to remember that no body’s perfect in this world). 2. ‘Kita selesaikan problemnya bersama’ (We solve the problem together). 3 ‘Banyak orang sangat suka shopping dan nongkrong’ (Many people like shopping and hangout very much). 4. ‘Weekend asyik di Semarang’ (Interesting weekend in Semarang) 5. Saya suka membaca love story. ( I like read love story) The examples above show the use of different codes in one sentence. It can be seen that the word perfect, problem, shopping, and weekend, love story are taken from English and they are mixed in Indonesian language. However that words do not influence the structure of language involved. In principle, code-mixing is the mixing of one language into the structure of other language so that it is only such piece and does not change structure of the components of language involved which consist of word, phrase, clause, and sentence. Actually code-mixing not only occurs in spoken communication but also in written communication. The phenomenon of code-mixing can also be found in magazine particularly Kartini magazine. Mostly magazines which uses bilingual language is magazine that deal with young people. The larger readers of Kartini magazine are young people whereby code-mixing is commonly used in the articles. Language which is mostly mixed in Kartini magazine is English. In this case English is an international language where many countries in the world use it in very occasion either spoken or written communication. As the effect, nowadays Indonesian language is also influenced by English because most Indonesian people do mixing both especially in written communication. Therefore, related to this situation which the use of English is mixed into Indonesian language so this study is specialized in studying English and Indonesian code-mixing in articles of magazine. Based on the explanation above the writer is interested to study English and Indonesian code-mixing in Kartini magazine. In relating to the problems of the study above, this study is aimed to identify the components of language which are used in code-mixing in Kartini magazine and to find out the components of language which is dominantly used in code-mixing in Kartini magazine. Code-mixing becomes phenomena of language because of its application among social interaction in bilingual community. It can be found not only in spoken communication but also in written communication such as magazine. Kartini magazine are chosen as the object of this study. Many articles in Kartini magazine have used code-mixing with English. In this case, the scope of the study is limited on the use of code-mixing only in English and Indonesian language in articles of Kartini magazine. The Kartini magazine that will be analyze is Kartini no.2300. 14-28 July 2011. This limitation is made in order that the readers will be easy to understand the content of the research. The findings of this study are expected to be useful for: 1) The students: it would provide a better understanding about code-mixing and the components of language involved there so students are able to analyze components of language which are used in code-mixing. The findings of this study are also supposed to give contribution to English students. This study will provide a better technique for other researchers to conduct further research about code-mixing using other media. 2) The English teachers: in particular who teach sociolinguistics, to add the variation of the teaching about code-mixing which not only occurs in spoken language but also in written language such magazine. 3) The Department of English: This research can be used as an additional source for bilingualism study especially in code-mixing discussion. 4) The readers: to get information and to increase knowledge about code-mixing between English and Indonesian language and its application that can be found in Kartini magazine so readers are able to identify code-mixing when they read magazine. The study will give them information about code-mixing for further study. Sociolinguistics Sociolinguistics is a term which is concerned with the relationship between language and context in which it is used. Fishman (1972: 4), as quoted by Chaer and Agustina (2004: 3) explains that sociolinguistics is the study of the characteristics of language varieties, the characteristics of their function, and the characteristics of their speakers as these three constantly interact, change and change one another within a speech community. It is in line with Hudson (1980: 1) that defines sociolinguistics as the study of language in relation to society. In addition, Wardhaugh (1986) as quoted by Jendra (2010: 10) states that “Sociolinguistics is concerned with investigating the relationships between language and society with the goal of a better understanding of the structure of language and how language functions in communication. Furthermore Spolsky (1998) also offers the definition of sociolinguistics. He says that sociolinguistics is the field that studies the relation between language and society, between the uses of language and the social structures in which the users of language live. Based on the definition of sociolinguistics above, it can be concluded that sociolinguistics relates with the analysis of using language such as the description of language patterns used, the variety of dialects, the choice of language and speakers who are involved. In short, Fishman (1972:15) defines this term as a study of who speak, what language, to whom, when and to what end. Sociolinguistics gives clue in communication by showing the language, variety of language and speech style used if someone interacts to another one. (Dittmar, 1976: 128) quoted by Chaer and Agustina (2004: 5) states that there are seven cases which are analyzed in sociolinguistics; social identity of speaker, social identity of listener, social environment, social dialects, social stratification of speaker, levels of variety of language and practice application. Sociolinguistics encompass a broad range of concerns, including bilingualism, Pidgin and Creole language and other ways, using language is influenced by contact among people of different language communities i.e. speakers of Arabic, Chinese, even English and Indonesia. The basic notion underlying sociolinguistics is quite simple. Symbolically language represents fundamental dimensions of social behavior and human interaction. The communication ways in which language is reflected by human being has been influenced by the social context. Speech Community Human beings are social beings who are always committed to a certain group of people called a community. A particular community has its own characteristics, including the way of communication. This community is called speech community. Blommfield (1933: 40) offers the simple definition of speech community. He says that a speech community is a group of people who interact by means of speech. In addition, Hymes (1974: 51) defines speech community as “a community sharing knowledge of rules for the conduct and interpretation of speech”.
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