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The Problem of Solid Waste Site Selection in Woldia Town

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The Problem of Solid Waste Site Selection in Woldia Town emote Se R ns f i o n l g Semaw, J Remote Sens GIS 2018, 7:3 a & n r G DOI: 10.4172/2469-4134.1000246 u I S o J ISSN: 2469-4134 Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS Research Article Open Access The Problem of Solid Waste Site Selection in Woldia Town Fisha Semaw * Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Woldia University, Weldiya, Ethiopia *Corresponding author: Fisha Semaw, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Woldia University, Weldiya, Ethiopia, Tel: +251912401939; E-mail: [email protected] Rec date: July 09, 2018; Acc date: July 24, 2018; Pub date: July 31, 2018 Copyright: © 2018 Semaw F. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Solid waste management system is a serious problem in many countries. However, this problem is most acute in developing countries such as Ethiopia. The aims of this article are to investigate the solid waste disposal management system in the town, produce suitable waste disposal site and mapping, and evaluating final candidate landfill sites. The article demonstrates that factors such as geology, soil, slope, land use land cover, proximity from road, distance from the center of the town and hydrogeology are important in selecting a suitable solid waste disposal site. In this article it is argued that Geographic Information System (GIS) methodologies such as, buffering, overlay, spatial analysis 3D analysis and sit suitability modeling are effective to analyze the above data. For the purpose of this article four sites which are located in the western side of the town are identified as a suitable landfill site. These sites are finally evaluated with other many criterion to put them in hierarchical order of significance. Keywords: Landfill; GIS; Suitability modeling; Solid waste power of management, analysis and store large amount of data used as management; Ethiopia criterion and also saves time and money. Introduction Objective of the Study The major objective of this article is to select suitable solid waste Background of the problem disposal site in Woldia town by applying Geographic Information Solid waste management has long been a global environmental System. The specific objectives are; problem. This is because of rapid growth of population, urbanization • Investigate the solid waste disposal management system of the and lack of appropriate waste disposal management system. As a result town. of this problem major environmental issues poses stress to the survival • Identify suitable waste disposal site and prepare its map. of human beings [1]. The most common problems associated with • Evaluating final candidate landfill sites. poor management of solid waste includes; transmission diseases, fire hazards, foul odor, atmospheric and water pollution, aesthetic pain and economic victims [2]. The improper solid waste management and the Materials and Methods combined effects of inadequate sanitation, unsafe water supply and Certain materials and methods can be applied to explain and poor personal hygiene are responsible for 1.5 million (88%) of understand the problem of waste management. The purposes of the childhood deaths from diarrhea related to such wastes. These scholars materials and methods are discussed below. did not show how to minimize the problem rather than indicating the severity of the problem. Nature and sources of data In Ethiopia most of the diseases are related to poor environmental The nature of the data used in this article are secondary and sanitation and water contamination, lack of suitable waste disposal site, primary data. The secondary data are; water well points and lithology public latrine and poor waste disposal management system in the from Ethiopian Ministry of water and energy, geology and soil map vicinity which can affect the community’s daily activity [3]. This view from geological survey of Ethiopia, mater plan of the town from the argues that there is a need for waste disposal management system. municipality office and digital elevation model from Ethiopian Habtamu and Alelign suggested that suitable waste disposal site is mapping agency. Primary data like global positioning system point and the best method to solve this problem. In addition, they argued that pictures are collected through field survey. To organize, manipulate, suitable waste disposal site selection process must be conducted by interpret and analyzed these data Arc GIS 10.1 and ERDAS imagine setting different valuable criteria based on the nature of the area 2010 softwares ware used. concerned. The Criteria can be physical, socio–economic and land use which can be processed, analyzed and interpreted through melt- Methods of data analysis criteria analysis of GIS technology [4]. Building on the findings of Mujibor et al. [4] this article suggests that the solution to selecting Different GIS spatial operation methodologies ware used to analyze suitable waste disposal site can be conducted by using suitable the data such as; modeling of GIS technology. GIS special suitability modeling have the Digitizing to convert the base map into digital form. It also used to digitize roads and streams for compatibility. J Remote Sens GIS, an open access journal Volume 7 • Issue 3 • 1000246 ISSN: 2469-4134 Citation: Semaw F (2018) The Problem of Solid Waste Site Selection in Woldia Town. J Remote Sens GIS 7: 246. doi: 10.4172/2469-4134.1000246 Page 2 of 9 Buffering is used to generate areas of a given distance around the construction remains, market wastes and chat wastes. The main specified criterion used for waste disposal site selection. Features that sources of these wastes are; residents, commercial centers, municipality buffering is applied ware roads, streams and ground water wells with services, construction centers and enterprises. The third, finding is that different values. the wastes are disposed along the roads, sewage canals, and streams and on open spaces. About 48.7% of the users dispose the waste along Overlay is used to integrate different input features with the master streams and sewage canals, while 36.2% wastes are disposed along plan, such as; digital elevation model geology, soil and hydrogeology. It roads and on open spaces. The remaining 15.1% is disposed properly. also used to intersect the factor map with the constraint map to produce final suitable map. Suitable waste disposal site selection and mapping Special analyses is used to generate slope, hill shed, contour and aspect data from the digital elevation model. It also used to perform To select a suitable waste disposal site that will minimize the current special suitability modeling to select the suitable waste disposal sites. problem of solid waste management in the tow different criteria ware used and discussed as follows. Description of the study area Geological criterion for suitable waste disposal site selection Woldia Town is found in North Wollo Zone, Amhara Regional State of Ethiopia. The absolute location is 11°50’ N altitude and 39°36’ E The geological formation of the area is grouped into three main longitude. The relative location of the town is 520 Km north of Addis formations. These are Asheng, Aiba basalt and Alajea formations Ababa and bordered by Habru Woreda in the South, Gubalafto having different characteristics. The most important characteristics Woreda in the West and East, and Raya Kobo Woreda in the North and which ware evaluated in this study for the purpose of suitable waste Northeast as shown in Figure 1 below. disposal site selection are; degree of porosity, thickness of the rocks, and the presence of fractures. These factors or criteria ware used to Woldia is characterized by rugged topography that governs the select the suitable rock type for waste disposal site. Spatial analysis drainage pattern and makes the flow of the surface water down to operation of GIS was used to select the suitable rock type. The result Shele stream. But in the area there is no perennial rivers and lakes. The shows that, Alajea formation is very suitable for waste disposal site, area is also characterized by Woyena Dega (subtropical) and Dega, because it has on porosity and fracture. Ashang and Aiba basalt climatic zone with the altitudinal value between 1500-1700 m and formations are not suitable because of high porosity and less in depth. 2300-2400 m above mean sea level having an average annual rainfall of The difference is shown in Figures 2 and 3 below. 850 mm and 22°C average daily temperature. Soil criterion for suitable waste disposal site selection: The difference in the nature of soil results in the difference in water infiltration and holding capacity. The permeability and porosity of a given soil controls the vertical as well as horizontal movement of contamination from waste leachate [3]. There are five soil types on the study area with different characteristics. This soil types are; eutric cambisols, verti cambisols, leptosoils, phaezems and haplic xerosoils [5]. Figure 1: Study area map. Results and Discussion Solid waste disposal management system of woldia town The first, finding of this study illustrates that waste disposal system of the town is not as such satisfactory. This is due to the absence of Figure 2: Geological map. transportation machines, carts, waste collection machines and other forms of facilities. The second, result of the study indicates that solid wastes found in the area are a mixture of different plastics, ash, J Remote Sens GIS, an open access journal Volume 7 • Issue 3 • 1000246 ISSN: 2469-4134 Citation: Semaw F (2018) The Problem of Solid Waste Site Selection in Woldia Town. J Remote Sens GIS 7: 246. doi: 10.4172/2469-4134.1000246 Page 3 of 9 Figure 5: Suitable soil map. Figure 3: Suitable Geology map. Hydrological criteria for suitable waste disposal site selection: Even From the general soil map of the study area (Figure 4), suitable soil though, there are a number of hydrological criteria that can be affected map (Figure 5) was prepared.
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