ETHIOPIA Humanitarian Requirements Document 2017 Photo Credit: Jake Lyell, Childfund Photo Credit: Jake Lyell, PART I:

Joint Government and Humanitarian Partners’ Document

ETHIOPIA Humanitarian Requirements Document 2017 Photo credit: Jake Lyell, ChildFund Photo credit: Jake Lyell, PART I:

TOTAL POPULATION OF PEOPLE TARGETED REQUIREMENTS (US$) # HUMANITARIAN ETHIOPIA PARTNERS

94.3*M 5.6M 948M 90

Red Sea

YEMEN

ERITREA

SUDAN TIGRAY !Mekele

AMHARA AFAR Gulf of Aden !Dubti !Bahir Dar DJIBOUTI

BENISHANGUL GUMUZ DIRE DAWA !Asosa HARERI ! Jijiga Addis Ababa^

!Gambella

GAMBELA

!Hawassa OROMIA SOMALI SNNP SOMALIA SOUTH SUDAN

KENYA

UGANDA Legend Major towns ^ National Capital ! Regional Capital Pastoral & agro-pastoral area Areas experienced poor m e h e r / k i r e m t rains Elevation (meters) -236 - 500 501 - 1,500 * 2017 Central Statistical Agency projection, 1,501 - 2,300 Ethiopia 2,301 - 3,700 02 5 3,701 - 4,517 PART I: CONTENTS

CONTENTS

Red Sea PART I: COUNTRY STRATEGY Acronyms

1. Foreword by the Government of Ethiopia 6

2. Foreword by the Humanitarian Coordinator for Ethiopia 7 YEMEN 3. The humanitarian requirement document at a glance 8 ERITREA 4. Overview of the crisis 9 9 SUDAN TIGRAY !Mekele 5. Humanitarian needs 10

6. Response strategy 11 12 AMHARA AFAR Gulf of Aden !Dubti 7. Operational capacity 14 15 !Bahir Dar DJIBOUTI 8. Response monitoring 15 BENISHANGUL 16 GUMUZ DIRE DAWA !Asosa HARERI ! ^ Jijiga Addis Ababa PART II: OPERATIONAL RESPONSE PLANS Gambella ! Agriculture 17 GAMBELA Education 20 Hawassa ! Emergency shelter and non-food items 23 OROMIA SOMALI Food 26 SNNP SOMALIA SOUTH SUDAN Health 28 Nutrition 30 Protection 33 Water, sanitation and hygiene 37

KENYA UGANDA Legend PART III: ANNEXES Major towns ^ National Capital Regional needs snapshots: meher assessment results 41 ! Regional Capital 2016 Government of Ethiopia and donor contributions 50 Pastoral & agro-pastoral area Areas experienced poor m e h e r / k i r e m t rains Coordination structure in Ethiopia 51

Elevation (meters) -236 - 500 501 - 1,500

1,501 - 2,300 2,301 - 3,700 3,701 - 4,517 03 PART I: ACRONYMS

ACRONYMS

ACF Action Contre La Faim AfDB Africa Development Bank Belg Short rainy season from March to May (in highland and mid-land areas) Birr Ethiopian currency CMAM Community Based Management of Acute Malnutrition CPC Climate Prediction Center CRS Catholic Relief Services CSB Corn-Soya Blend CWA Consolidated WASH Account Deyr Short rainy season from October to December (in Somali Region) DfID UK – Department for International Development DRM ATF Disaster Risk Management Agriculture Taskforce DRM-SPIF Disaster Risk Management Strategic Programme Investment Framework DRMTWG Disaster Risk Management Technical Working Group ECHO European Commission – Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection EHCT Ethiopia Humanitarian Country Team ERCS Ethiopian Red Cross Society ES/NFI Emergency Shelter and Non-Food Items FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FMoH Federal Ministry of Health GAM Global Acute Malnutrition GBV Gender Based Violence GDP Gross Domestic Product GFD General Food Distribution Gu Main rainy season from March to June (in Somali region) HCT Humanitarian Country Team HW Health Workers HEW Health Extension Workers HRD Humanitarian Requirements Document ICP Incident Command Post ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross and Red Crescent IDA International Development Association IFRC International Federation of Red Cross INGOs International Non-Governmental Organizations IOD Indian Ocean Dipole IRC International Rescue Committee IYCF Infant and Young Child Feeding JEOP Joint Emergency Operation Program JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency

04 5 PART I: ACRONYMS

ACRONYMS

ACF Action Contre La Faim Kebele Lowest Administrative Level AfDB Africa Development Bank Kiremt/Meher Long and heavy rainy season/post-kiremt harvest Belg Short rainy season from March to May (in highland and mid-land areas) MAC Multi Agency Coordination Birr Ethiopian currency MAM Moderately Acute Malnourished CMAM Community Based Management of Acute Malnutrition MHNT Mobile Health and Nutrition Teams CPC Climate Prediction Center MoANR Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources CRS Catholic Relief Services MSF Médecins Sans Frontières CSB Corn-Soya Blend MoJ Ministry of Justice CWA Consolidated WASH Account MoLF Ministry of Livestock and fisheries Deyr Short rainy season from October to December (in Somali Region) MT Metric Tones DfID UK – Department for International Development NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations DRM ATF Disaster Risk Management Agriculture Taskforce NDRMC National Disaster Risk Management Commission DRM-SPIF Disaster Risk Management Strategic Programme Investment Framework NMA National Meteorology Agency DRMTWG Disaster Risk Management Technical Working Group OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN) ECHO European Commission – Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection OFDA Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance EHCT Ethiopia Humanitarian Country Team OTP Outpatient Therapeutic Program ERCS Ethiopian Red Cross Society PE-DTM Protection-Enhanced Displacement Tracking Matrix ES/NFI Emergency Shelter and Non-Food Items PLW Pregnant and Lactating Women FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations PSNP Productive Safety Net Program FMoH Federal Ministry of Health Region Highest Sub-National Administrative Level GAM Global Acute Malnutrition RMF Response Monitoring Framework GBV Gender Based Violence RUTF Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food GDP Gross Domestic Product SAM Severe Acute Malnutrition GFD General Food Distribution SGBV Sexual and Gender Based Violence Gu Main rainy season from March to June (in Somali region) SNNP Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples region HCT Humanitarian Country Team SO Strategic Objective HW Health Workers SWAP Sector Wide Approach HEW Health Extension Workers TFP Therapeutic Feeding Program HRD Humanitarian Requirements Document TSF Targeted Supplementary Feeding ICP Incident Command Post UN United Nations ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross and Red Crescent UNDP United Nations Development Program IDA International Development Association UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund IFRC International Federation of Red Cross USAID US Agency for International Development INGOs International Non-Governmental Organizations WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene IOD Indian Ocean Dipole WDA Women Development Army IRC International Rescue Committee WFP World Food Program IYCF Infant and Young Child Feeding WFS Women Friendly Spaces JEOP Joint Emergency Operation Program WHO World Health Organization JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency WSWG Water Sector Working Group 05 PART I: Foreword by the Government of Ethiopia

FOREWORD BY THE GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIA

2016 was a challenging year. Ethiopians felt the impact of the worst El Niño in 50 years. Last year, more than 10 million Ethiopians required relief food assistance. To meet these and non-food needs, $1.4 billion were required. Taking the lead, we, the Government of Ethiopia, allocated more than $735 million to initiate the HRD response and to facilitate a speedy response to additional needs as the situation evolved. Our lead was followed by the generous support of international donors. The contribution of Ethiopian citizens was also remarkable. To save the lives and livelihoods of fellow Ethiopians, the civil society, business people and communities stood in solidarity. As we turn to 2017, the number of people that require humanitarian assistance has significantly decreased from that of 2016. This is due to the positive impact of the kiremt/gu/ganna rains and the subsequent above-average meher harvest in northern and western parts of the country. Nevertheless, food security of pastoralist households in southern and south-eastern lowland areas is threatened following the failure of the autumn deyr/hagaya rains and in pocket areas throughout the country. The most vulnerable Ethiopians will continue to need some form of humanitarian assistance in 2017. As we do every year, the Government will allocate resources to finance humanitarian interventions in 2017. The Government will lead, and looks to friends of Ethiopia, humanitarian donors, partners, communities and the private sector to continue their generous contributions in support of the joint efforts to save lives and to protect and restore Ethiopian livelihoods. In 2017, as humanitarian needs shift to the southern and south-eastern dry areas, response actors are called upon to refocus their response to identified and emerging needs in these areas.

H.E. Mr. Mitiku Kassa, National Disaster Risk Management Commission, Commissioner

06 5 PART I: Foreword by the Humanitarian CoordinatoR for Ethiopia

FOREWORD BY THE HUMANITARIAN COORDINATOR FOR ETHIOPIA

In 2016, through joint efforts over US$1 billion, against the annual HRD requirement, was raised to support Ethiopians impacted by the El Niño-induced drought. For the El Niño response which started in September 2015, the Government allocated more than $730 million to address critical humanitarian needs including some ad-hoc requests that were not captured in the HRD. In addition, international donors contributed $985 million to address humanitarian needs and to safeguard decades of development gains. This phenomenal response enabled the humanitarian partners to successfully meet the needs of the most vulnerable people throughout a challenging year for ordinary Ethiopian women, men and children affected by the drought. In 2016, the Government of Ethiopia and humanitarian partners provided food to some 10.2 million people, and rolled out the largest national emergency seed response to some1.5 million households. Together, we facilitated access to clean water for 10 million people and more than 2 million cases of moderate acute malnutrition and at least 220,000 cases of severe acute malnutrition were treated. The people of Ethiopia bore the brunt of the historic drought, while not forgetting to support their fellow countrymen and women in meeting their needs. The Ethiopians were the first to respond to their neighbours’ needs, and hand in hand with the Government, extended their generous hospitality to refugees that sought asylum in their country. Countless Ethiopians contributed their salaries to help their fellow Ethiopians. Businessmen supplied transportation assets to ensure that people in remote areas could access humanitarian aid. Thousands of volunteers mobilized in the spirit of the Ethiopian culture of sharing. While Ethiopia continues to reel from the impacts of the El Niño-induced drought, the country is facing a new drought affecting lowland areas in southern and eastern parts of the country. This reflects a shift in the areas where acute humanitarian needs are experienced, a change that requires the humanitarian community to review and adjust the presence in order to save lives and livelihoods. In 2017, in the tradition of collaboration with the Government and the people of Ethiopia, the humanitarian partners will continue to address the needs of the affected people and we aim to exceed the accomplishments of 2016 and successfully meet new challenges. If well resourced, the 2017 Humanitarian Requirements Document will also facilitate preparedness and ensure a well-coordinated, timely and prioritized humanitarian response. But for this we need your support. We now look to donors to continue their generous support to deliver the resources needed for the 2017 response.

Ms. Ahunna Eziakonwa-Onochie UN Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator

07 PART I: The Humanitarian Response Plan at a glance

THE HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE PLAN AT A GLANCE STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 1 PEOPLE WHO NEED HUMANITARIAN FOOD ASSISTANCE PEOPLE TARGETED (HRD) Save lives and reduce morbidity due to drought 0.3M 5.6M TIGRAY and acute food 5.6M insecurity AMHARA AFAR STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 2 REQUIREMENTS (US$) 0.4M 0.6M

Protect and BENESHANGUL restore livelihoods GUMUZ 0.03M DIRE DAWA 0.02M $ M 0.01M HARERI 948 Addis Ababa

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 3 GAMBELA 2M 0.03M Prepare for and SOMALI SNNP respond to other 0.4M OROMIA 1.6M humanitarian shocks, including natural disasters, ## Number of relief food conflict and beneficiaries per region displacement The post-summer rains/meher harvest assessment Key humanitarian issues and projections for 2017 indicate the following priority needs: • Lives remain at risk due to shortage of food and water and the risk of disease outbreaks. • 1.9M households in need of livestock support • Livelihoods are at risk due to lack of pasture, livestock M severely acute malnourished death or poor health, and elsewhere remain precarious • 0.3 following the impact of the 2016 drought. • 2.7M moderately acute malnourished • Critical needs for food, shelter and non-food items lead to displacement. • 2M without safe drinking water • Negative coping mechanisms such as child labour and • 0.3M displaced due to shocks early marriage lead to absenteeism and increased risk of violence against women and girls.

# PEOPLE TOTAL REQUIREMENTS US$ AVAILABLE RESOURCE US$ NET REQUIREMENTS US$ SECTOR TARGETED

General Ration: MT Gross: 919m MT 5.6M 598M 183M 415M

150 200

FOOD SUB TOTAL 598M 183M 415M FOOD 5.6M 598M 183M 415M Nutrition Supplies(MAM) 2.7M 46M 105.6M 59M Nutrition(SAM) 0.3M Health 4.3M 42M 42M WASH 9.2M 86M 86M Agriculture 1.9M 41.9M 0.5M 41.4M Education 2M 45M 45M Protection 0.5M 11M 1.6M 9.4M Emergency Shelter/NFI 0.6M 17M 1.8M 15M

17M 50.9M NON-FOOD SUB TOTAL 300M Total 5.6M 948M 233M 715M

08 5

contribution ** $10m Government contribution to education *** Not included in HRD requirements and contributions PART I: Overview of the crisis

OVERVIEW OF THE CRISIS While Ethiopia battles residual needs from the El Niño-induced drought, below average rains in the southern and eastern parts of the country caused by the negative Indian Ocean Dipole have led to a new drought.

Following successful kiremt rains between June and September TIGRAY Belg rains Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec AFAR AMHARA Kiremt rains BENESHANGUL Belg GUMUZ rains 2016, above-average harvest is DIRE DAWA HARERI

GAMBELA expected in northern and western OROMIA SOMALI SNNPR Kiremt rains parts of Ethiopia. This is expected

to improve the food security TIGRAY Gu Deyr AFAR rains in Somali region rains in Somali region situation in these areas. At the same AMHARA BENESHANGUL GUMUZ DIRE DAWA Ganna rains in Oromia region Hageya rains in Oromia region HARERI time, reports of livestock deaths GAMBELA OROMIA SNNPR SOMALI Hageya/Hagayita rains in Segen Peoples’ zone and water shortages are emerging South Omo Meher rains in South Omo zone from the primarily pastoral areas in Segen Peoples’ TIGRAY

AFAR southern and south-eastern parts AMHARA BENESHANGUL Sugum Karma GUMUZ DIRE DAWA rains in Afar region rains in Afar region of the country. In addition, disease HARERI GAMBELA Belg Karran OROMIA rains in northern Somali rains in Somali region SOMALI outbreaks and food and nutritional SNNPR insecurity persist in pocket areas throughout Ethiopia. TIGRAY AFAR AMHARA Sapie Sapie BENESHANGUL GUMUZ DIRE DAWA HARERI rains rains The needs presented in the HRD for GAMBELA OROMIA SOMALI 2017 have been established through SNNPR a robust, Government-led multi- agency meher needs assessment, which took place over three weeks normal meher season planting severe food insecurity. Similarly, in November and December 2016. (planting takes place between hailstorms, landslides and frost in Nearly 230 representatives from June and July). Most smallholder some highland areas significantly the Government, UN, NGOs and cropping households are expected reduced crop yields in pocket areas. to produce a normal harvest in donors visited affected communities The 2015/2016 El Niño has northern and western cropping across Ethiopia’s nine regions. The left a negative legacy on many areas. However, erratic distribution assessment concluded that some households, including those that and below normal kiremt rains in 5.6 million people will be in need of lost livestock and other productive lowland areas and failed autumn assistance in the course of 2017.* assets. This 2017 HRD does not deyr/hagaya (short rainy season include responses to recovery The meher assessment also from November to December) in needs, which are expected to be concluded that the 2016 summer pastoral areas tipped southern captured in a separate document. kiremt rains resulted in a return to and eastern pastoralist areas into CRISIS TIMELINE Jan 2016 Apr 2016 Jun 2016 Jul 2016 Nov 2016 Needs in Prioritization Belg partially Peak of negative Meher assessment 2016 Statement successful Indian Ocean Dipole Dec 2016 Needs 10.2M ppl 10.2M ppl 9.7M ppl in 2017 5.6M ppl

Jan'16 Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Oct Nov Dec Oct 2016 Mid Mar - Mid Jul 2016 Jun - Mid Aug 2016 Joint NDRMC-OCHA Delayed belg/gu rain La Niña conditions HRM call around conﬁrms Flooding in some regions develop symptoms of drought * The June 2017belg assessment will inform the Mid-Year Review of the 2017 HRD. 09

18 Aug 2015 13 Oct 2015 Oct 2016 Belg verification Rapid pre-meher Apr 2016 Jul 2016 Joint NDRMC-OCHA 4 Jun 2015 assessment assessment Prioritization statement Jun 2016 Peak of negative HRM call around The Government identifies 4.5M relief identifies 8.2M relief identifies 10.2M relief Belg partially Indian Ocean Dipole confirms symptoms declared failed belg food beneficiaries food beneficiaries food beneficiaries successful (IOD) of drought rains x Nov 2016 Jun - Mid Sep 2015 Mid Mar - Mid Jul 2016 Jun - Mid Aug 2016 5.6M ppl Projected needs Kiremt rain erratic Delayed belg/gu rain La Niña conditions for 2017 due to El Niño Flooding in some regions develop Nov 2016 Meher assessment

Apr 2016 Jun 2016 Nov 2016 Prioritization statement Belg partially successful Meher assessment Nov 2016 10.2M ppl 10.2M ppl 9.7M ppl Oct 2016 Projected needs Joint NDRMC-OCHA for 2017 8.2M ppl Jul 2016 HRM call around Peak of negative conﬁrms symptoms 5.6M ppl 4.5M ppl Indian Ocean Dipole of drought (IOD) 0 Jun'15 Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun'16 Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov kiremt rain Delayed belg/gu rain Erratic due to El Niño Flooding in some regions

La Niña conditions develop PART I: Humanitarian needs

HUMANITARIAN NEEDS In 2017, some 5.6 million people will require emergency food assistance; some 2.7 million children and pregnant and lactating mothers will require supplementary feeding; some 9.1 million people will not have regular access to safe drinking water; and some 1.9 million households will need livestock support. Partners also estimate that 303,000 children will become severely acutely malnourished in the year.

5.6M 2.7M 0.3M 4.37M 2M people will need emergency under 5 and PLW projected SAM cases people will require school-aged children food assistance projected MAM cases health assistance will be targeted for school feeding

9.1M 1.9M 0.5M 0.6M 0.59M people will require households will need households will need households need shelter people will be targeted WASH support livestock support seeds support and Household NFIs for protection assistance

HOTSPOT WOREDAS (AS OF DECEMBER 2016) AREAS IN NEED OF WATER TRUCKING

• The hotspot woreda Tigray TIGRAY classification is derived from

Afar expert judgment using six AFAR multi-sector indicators that are 454 AMHARA Amhara agreed upon at zonal, regional Benishangul Gumuz BENESHANGUL and federal levels. GUMUZ Dire DIRE DAWA Dawa Hareri Addis HARERI Ababa

Gambela GAMBELA

Oromia SOMALI OROMIA Somali SNNPR SNNP Priorityworedas

P1-192 P2-174 P3-88 Areas in need of water trucking 2011 06 January 2016

SEVERE ACUTE MALNUTRITION ADMISSIONS Number of people Number of people projected displaced in 2016 to be displaced in 2017 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 718,000 376,000 10,000 0 Of the 718,000 people who were displaced in 2016, more Jan Apr Aug Dec than half have returned to places of origin. An additional Typical year average of 2012-2014 2015 monthly admission in August were 376,000 people are estimated to be displaced in 2017 For comparison of 2011 Horn of higher than peak of 2011 crisis due to floods, drought and/or conflict. Africa drought 2016

10 5 PART I: Response strategy

RESPONSE STRATEGY

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES

The projections in the 2017 HRD are based on the findings of the seasonal meher needs assessment as well as early warning data and modeling done by partners. To reinforce inter-sector coordination, the response will be built around three Strategic Objectives (SO) which form the basis for the sector-specific operational plans, presented in the Sector Chapters.

Save lives and Protect and Prepare for and reduce morbidity due restore respond to oth- to drought and acute livelihoods er humanitarian food insecurity shocks – natural d i s a s t e r s , c o n fl i c t 1 2 3 and displacement

During the first half of 2017, humanitarian In the first half of 2017, pastoralist This objective relates to drought and partners will prioritize areas affected by communities in the areas affected flood-affected areas and supports the new drought in south and south- by the new drought will need response efforts to address the needs eastern parts of Ethiopia. The mobile additional support to cope with the of people who may become displaced approach will address the unique needs loss of livestock in late 2016. The over the course of 2017. Facilitating of mobile pastoralist communities and response will include a full range of meaningful and safe access to provide complete nutritional care and livestock relief interventions (fodder services including health and nutrition health services, including reproductive distribution, animal health and for displaced communities require a health. Support will also be made slaughter destocking) as outlined in flexible mobile service, particularly to enable children to continue their the Ministry of Agriculture’s National where host community services are education. During the dry season, when Guidelines for Livestock Relief unable to meet the needs of additional animal milk production decreases, Interventions in Pastoralist Areas of people. The MHNTs, that provide health the response will be complemented Ethiopia (2008). These activities will and nutritional services to remote by supplementary food based on also support pastoralists in northern and mobile populations, will work to regular screenings to ensure the most parts of the country, who require include areas known to host displaced vulnerable are reached. Ensuring targeted livelihood recovery support communities in their operational areas. access to safe drinking water in parallel following the El Niño-induced Scaled-up multi-disease surveillance to hygiene promotion will reduce drought. Activities to support and improved link to response triggers the spread of disease outbreaks. smallholder cropping households will also reduce the impact of disease The potential for further expansion will be introduced during the second outbreaks that continue to be of of disease outbreaks is of particular quarter of 2017, informed by weather concern, particularly among people concern reinforcing the need to further forecasts, to enable the households affected by shocks. Agreements expand case management in remote to take advantage of the 2017 rains. reached on a harmonized, common areas and linkages to surveillance muti-sector approach to rapid needs systems. assessment and response SOPs following new shocks will be rolled out across affected regions.

11 PART I: Response strategy

Cross-cutting: Government service provision strengthened at point of delivery

This cross-cutting theme cuts through the entire HRD and forms a key component of the response. Almost all humanitarian assistance in Ethiopia is coordinated through the Government, where technical and material support for Government systems is provided by partners at multiple levels. Although there are concerns that the crisis may impact some of Ethiopia’s development gains, there is also hope that if well-funded, the implementation of the HRD will lead to longer-term development outcomes, in particular through the support that will be provided to front-end service providers.

Planning assumptions

Throughout the El Niño response, extensive efforts were made to continuously improve the quality of cross- sectoral needs analysis that underpins the 2017 HRD. Where possible, operational bottlenecks were addressed and needs projections developed by the clusters using multi-layered cross-sector indicators, in collaboration with the Government sector chairs. For example, the Logistics Cluster, which was activated in March 2016, conducted a gap analysis and identified bottlenecks for efficient delivery of life-saving assistance. As a result, mitigation measures were introduced in close collaboration with the National Disaster Risk Management Commission (NDRMC). These included augmenting the logistics coordination and information management capacity, as well as enhancing the overall logistics capacity of the Government and that of other humanitarian actors with increased storage facilities and staffing, logistics trainings, and support to the NDRMC hubs and transport. A number of unpredictable variables remain beyond the control of Government and humanitarian responders that will affect needs and the ability of partners to address them over the coming year, most notably the weather. The following planning assumptions have been agreed as a basis for humanitarian operations outlined in the HRD: i) Government capacity in the newly impacted areas (south and south-eastern parts) requires strengthening. Consequently, all responding partners will need to ensure a strong initial investment in the response capacity to ensure a robust and timely intervention. ii) The areas experiencing new drought are large and sparsely populated geographic areas with limited infrastructure. Limited road networks, warehouse capacity and availability of water schemes in the affected areas will challenge the response efforts and potentially delay the initial delivery of life-saving assistance. These effects can be somewhat mitigated through augmenting the warehouse capacity in the affected areas and by pre-positioning humanitarian relief items. iii) The spring 2017 belg/gu/ganna rains could be below-normal in south and south-eastern parts of Ethiopia. Although it is too early to make reliable long-term forecasts, there are some indications that the spring belg/gu/ ganna rains could be below-average in drought affected lowland areas. Should this happen, the recovery of pastoralists and farmers could be delayed until later in 2017. iv) Continued three month lead times for the procurement and delivery of food and other humanitarian assistance. New funding contributions will take up to three months to translate into concrete assistance delivered to beneficiaries. v) The Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP). The PSNP will provide monthly food and cash transfers to 7.9 million beneficiaries as planned for the first six months of the year. vi) Success in local purchase of cereals as part of response mechanisms will reduce lead time and port congestion. vii) Continuing ‘unseasonal’ migration and displacement. Heads of households in low-land areas of southern and

12 5 PART I: Response strategy

eastern Ethiopia may migrate in search of pasture for livestock. There is a high potential for displacement of whole communities due to lack of available drinking water. Congregation around scarce water points can potentially increase inter-communal tensions. Viii) Services may not fully take into account the needs of vulnerable groups: The lives of vulnerable groups such as women, children, disabled persons and displaced people may be at risk if services are not safe or meaningful and address the special needs of vulnerable groups.

Prioritization

The prioritization of activities has been undertaken by humanitarian partners during the development of the sector specific strategies outlined in this plan. The priorities are further refined throughout the year in ad hoc prioritization meetings in line with changes in the operating environment. In 2016, three prioritization meetings were convened. In the meetings, partners agreed on immediate priorities across the different sectors and identified gaps in the response to inform decision-making processes. The outcomes of the prioritization meetings are further discussed by Cluster Coordinators and their Government counterparts and endorsed by the EHCT in close consultation with NDRMC. For the purposes of this plan, prioritization of activities was determined according to the following criteria: Most life-saving: Responses with immediate, large impact on the lives and livelihoods of the affected people conducted in a cost-effective manner whilst addressing the needs of the most-vulnerable groups. Time-critical: Ensuring timely procurement and distribution of seeds to areas benefiting from the rainy seasons. Critically enabling: Activities supporting the response efforts or complementing the multi-sector response, e.g. transportation of food or nutritional supplies. Each sector/cluster’s operational plan includes a short list of agreed, prioritized activities, categorized as either ‘high’ or ‘critical’ priority. The associated costing has also been prioritized accordingly. Geographical prioritization in most sectors is driven primarily by the Government’s hotspot woreda classification, which is updated throughout the year. Further ad hoc operational prioritization of multi-sector response is undertaken via the DRMTWG and the Inter-Cluster/Sector Coordination Groups.

13 PART I: Operational capacity

OPERATIONAL CAPACITY Currently there are over 90 humanitarian organizations operating in Ethiopia and supporting the Government-led response. The Government structures at the national and sub- convened by OCHA is held fortnightly in Addis Ababa to national levels are the backbone of humanitarian agree on operational priorities, to ensure coherence and response in Ethiopia. Humanitarian partners operating in complementarity of response efforts. The inter-cluster support of the Government include 11 UN agencies, 66 coordination group identifies and recommends strategic INGOs, ICRC, IFRC, and the ERCS. At least 11 national action for the EHCT for decision making and/or advocacy NGOs are conducting and supporting humanitarian considerations. The EHCT, chaired by the Humanitarian operations. These include faith-and community-based Coordinator, consists of UN agencies, international NGOs, organizations, who have the multiplier effect of ensuring national NGOs and donor representatives as well as that assistance reaches those in the most remote areas. observers from IFRC, ICRC, ERCS and MSF.* In south and south-eastern areas affected by the new The Government and humanitarian partners recognize drought, limited numbers of operational humanitarian that men, women, boys and girls are impacted by crises partners requires a shift in operational presence for in different ways and therefore have different needs. some partners, and a shift in programmatic focus (to Similarly, the National Policy and Strategy on Disaster include humanitarian activities in ongoing development Risk Management (2013) recognizes women, children, programming) for others. the elderly, people with disabilities as well as those living with HIV/AIDS as the most vulnerable to the impact of COORDINATION various hazards and notes that special attention should be given to these vulnerable groups. The Government and The overall coordination of the humanitarian response the humanitarian community in Ethiopia are committed to is led by the Government’s NDRMC. The NDRMC leads ensuring that all affected people are able to access and federal and regional DRMTWGs across Ethiopia and hosts benefit from protection and assistance. Partners are also a series of specialized task forces that work in tandem with encouraged to advance gender equality and women’s rights the clusters/sectors. The Government strengthened the through their programmes where opportunities exist to do DRMTWG presence in the country and rolled out structures in so. The Government and partners in Ethiopia recognise the most regions. The NDRMC, with support from humanitarian value and the need to strengthen participatory approaches partners, also conducted gap assessments and capacity to programme design, implementation, monitoring and building workshops to increase the effectiveness of regional evaluation, and pay particular attention to the inclusion of coordination forums. Based on operational presence, UN women and girls. agencies, NGOs and the Ethiopia Red Cross Society are active participants in federal, regional and sub-regional coordination forums. CASH AS A RESPONSE MODALITY The NDRMC also convenes an ambassador/ministerial level Market supply for some areas could be variable Strategic Multi-Agency Coordination (S-MAC) meeting, to depending on the nature of infrastructure and traders' ensure a strategic approach to response efforts including capacity. Cash as a response modality will be considered resource mobilization and strengthening linkages between by WFP in areas where markets are functioning as well government bodies and the wider humanitarian community. as considering availability of cash in the pipeline. In addition to this, an inter-cluster coordination meeting

* The humanitarian coordination structure in Ethiopia is included in the Annex.

14 5 PART I: Response Monitoring

RESPONSE MONITORING Response monitoring is a continuous process that tracks the delivery of humanitarian assistance to affected people against targets set out in the HRD.

Dashboard of Sector Response and Contextual Indicators In order to monitor progress against the HRD, clusters have identified a set of response and contextual indicators for which they have committed to provide monthly data. The info graphics produced on the basis of this data are used to understand how the response is progressing and identify bottlenecks so that proactive measures can be taken.

Periodic Monitoring Report (PMR) Since March 2016, the Periodic Monitoring Report (PMR) has been produced on a quarterly basis. The PMR highlights progress made on Strategic and Cluster Objectives, changes in context and funding trends.

Humanitarian Response Monitoring In March and October 2016, NDRMC and OCHA conducted a "call around"survey of ongoing humanitarian response reaching out to DPPB and other woreda (districts) officials in priority 1 and 2 woredas. The resulting report allowed for analysis of progress of the ongoing response and revealed new challenges. In 2017, similar surveys will be carried out.

HUMANITARIAN PROGRAMME CYCLE TIMELINE Jan 2017 Dec 2017 Dashboard Periodic Monitoring Report Belg assessment Mid-year review of 2017 HRD Humanitarian Response Monitoring Meher assessment 2018 HRD JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

15 PART I: Response part II: OPERATIONAL Agriculture Education Emergency Shelter Food Health Nutrition Protection WASH

PART II: OPERATIONAL RESPONSE PLANS

Photo credit: Zelalem Letybelu 16 5 PART I: Response RESPONSE PLANS

AGRICULTURE

PEOPLE TARGETED Context In Ethiopia, 8 in 10 people depend Targeting 1.9M(HH) on agriculture and livestock for their In 2017, the Agriculture Cluster will target livelihoods. More than 80 per cent of the farming, agro-pastoral and pastoral production is rain-fed, which is typically households with interventions to support seasonal across the country. Following the REQUIREMENTS (US$) crop- and livestock-based livelihoods. failure of two consecutive rainy seasons in 2015, the spring belg and summer kiremt 1. Pastoralists in southern and M rainfall seasons in 2016 were normal to southeastern Ethiopia will be 41.9 above-normal in most northern areas, targeted with emergency animal leading to improved crop and livestock health, livestock feed and destocking (commercial and slaughter) # OF PARTNERS production and normalization of prices. However, poor spring gu/ganna rains interventions. and failed autumn deyr/hagaya rains in 2. From January 2017, the most xx 88 Ethiopia’s southern rainfall belt – generally vulnerable smallholder farming and unaffected by the 2015-2016 El Niño herding households in the northern drought have led to the need for additional rainfall belt dependent on the belg/ IN SUPPORT OF STRATEGIC emergency agriculture and livestock meher seasons will be targeted OBJECTIVES 1 AND 2 interventions. with livestock interventions aimed CLUSTER OBJECTIVE 1 During the first half of 2017, affected at facilitating humanitarian recovery for the most affected and destitute, To provide chronically pastoral areas of Oromia, SNNP and poor households that have Somali regions are expected to go though ensuring that women-headed experienced drought and related an emergency phase of the drought households are prioritized. 1shocks with ‘seeds of choice’ to plant cycle. At the end of 2016, abnormal early their full land holdings and improve migrations, excess livestock mortality rates RESPONSE PLANS household food and nutrition security and extreme emaciation have already Main Partners CLUSTER OBJECTIVE 2 been observed. Urgent interventions MoANR, MoLF, EGTE, FAO, ACF, Action are required to help pastoral households To protect livestock herds where Aid, ATA, Brooke Ethiopia, CARE, CA, maintain their herds and avoid losing their drought conditions are already Concern, COOPI, Cordaid, CHF, CISP, at the alarm stage of the drought livelihoods. CRS, CST, DCA, FHE, FEWS NET, GAA, 2cycle model National crop production is estimated to be GIZ, GOAL, Intermon Oxfam, IRC, Mercy 20 per cent higher in 2017 as compared Corps, MoT, NCA, NMA, NRC, Oxfam to previous year boosting food availability America, PIE, PIN, REST, SCI, SDC, and access in crop-producing, meher- SHA, SoS Sahel, Tufts University, VSF dependent areas. The preliminary results Germany, VSF Suisse, WVE and ZoA. of a seed system security assessment by the Agriculture Cluster in late 2016 indicate that in 2017, most crop-dependent Implementation and Coordination households will have access to sufficient arrangements quantities of quality and preferred types of Until the end of 2016, emergency response seed and planting materials. However, the in the agriculture sector was coordinated livelihoods of farmers are yet to fully recover through the DRM–ATF, which reports to in many areas, and there are pocket areas the DRMTWG and the NDRMC. In 2017, along the Rift Valley, especially in northern the transition of this responsibility to the and eastern highlands, where production MoANR and the MoLF will necessitate remained low in 2016. Families in these adjustments in coordination arrangements. areas will face significant challenges in accessing productive inputs, and will need In the interim, the DRM–ATF will continue scaled up agricultural support to prevent to coordinate the overall response in the another year of poor production and agriculture sector, the MoANR – supported heightened food insecurity. by the Emergency Seed Working Group

17 PART I: Response part II: OPERATIONAL

– will take the lead in the coordination of country, while requirements for livestock agricultural interventions, and the MoLF support in highland areas is estimated at $ – supported by the Emergency Livestock 4.7 million. Working Group – will lead the coordination Supplementary livestock feed will be of livestock interventions. Given the scale combined with tailored animal health of the longer than normal dry spells in interventions for core breeding stock. For southern and southeastern Ethiopia, the interventions in pastoral areas – where feed DRM–ATF is in the process of re-activating resources are typically stretched to feed subregional DRM–ATF coordination more animals than planned–, communities structures in Gode (Somali), South Omo will be encouraged to establish feed (SNNP) and Yabello (Oromia). centres that can only be accessed by Since its inception in April 2016, the marked livestock to ensure that the most DRM–ATF Strategic Advisory Group productive animals survive the drought. has been instrumental in supporting the As rangeland productivity deteriorates, DRM–ATF in bringing together agriculture livestock produce less milk which is a key sector stakeholders, including donors, component of the diet in pastoral areas. UN agencies, and NGOs to jointly solicit To improve nutrition levels among affected resources and plan, coordinate and households, destocking interventions respond to the El Niño-induced crisis. This will be implemented to make protein-rich important role is expected to continue for at meat available for the most vulnerable and least the first half of 2017. support livestock prices in local markets. The two technical working groups under the To ensure the availability of seeds of umbrella of DRM–ATF, and their regional choice in the 2017 planting windows, the branches, will monitor and evaluate sector needs resources to provide cereal, humanitarian response in the agriculture legume and vegetable seed and root crop and livestock sectors. planting materials to more that 500,000 households in Amhara, Oromia, SNNP and Tigray regions. The 2016 seed system Strategy security assessment and the meher season assessment results informed the planning Although the gu/genna season typically for the 2017 seed response in belg- and relieves the impacts of drought in lowland meher-dependent areas. In contrast to the areas, pastoral households continue to 2016 emergency seed response, priority require urgent interventions to safeguard in 2017 will be given to PSNP beneficiary their herds, improve milk production households. The seed support will be and ensure access to feed and water, covered by the Government. FAO and especially in southern and southeastern the SAG in collaboration with partners will pastoral areas. In 2017, the implementation continue to provide technical support to a of humanitarian activities to support Government-led seed response. the livelihoods of 1.4 million pastoral households will require $37.1 million. The majority of support is required in southern and southeastern pastoral areas of the

18 5 PART I: Response part II: OPERATIONAL

PRIORITY ACTIVITY BENEFICIARIES(HH) REQUIREMENTS US$ Pastoral zones – Afar, Somali, Oromia and SNNP regions Category 1 Emergency provision of livestock 0.34 M 21,000,000 feed for core breeding animals Animal health support (including 0.82 M 8,600,000 veterinary equipment)

Destocking for saving lives and 0.34 M 5,600,000 livelihoods and nutritional support to children and safe carcass disposal Category 2 Emergency vaccination of livestock 1.4 M 2,000,000 after the next rains Sub-total 1.4 M 37,200,000 Belg and belg/kiremt smallholder farming zones – Amhara, Oromia, SNNP and Tigray regions Category 1 Provision of emergency livestock 0.036 M 2,100,000 feed for core dairy cattle and plough oxen Animal health support (including 0.47 M 1,000,000 veterinary equipment) Category 2 Animal vaccination 0.43 M 1,600,000 Sub-total 0.5 M 4,700,000 TOTAL REQUIREMENTS 1.9 M 41.9M *An assessment to be made after one season of good rains to determine the viability and appropriateness of the intervention.

19 PART I: Response part II: OPERATIONAL

EDUCATION

Context the El-Niño induced drought as well as PEOPLE TARGETED the new drought affecting lowland areas Over the past 25 years, Ethiopia has in eastern and southeastern parts of the performed relatively well in expanding country. 2M formal and non-formal education opportunities, although ensuring the The findings of the 2016 meher needs provision of quality education remains assessment found that 138 schools in REQUIREMENTS (US$) a challenge. Enrollment at all levels has Oromia and 13 in SNNP regions have been improved substantially and youth and closed due to the ongoing emergency. adult literacy rate increased from 28 per Lack of water and school feeding were 45.5M cent in 1994 to nearly 59 per cent in identified as major contributors to student 2015. Primary school (grades 1-8) gross absenteeism hampering overall education enrollment increased from 22 per cent in activities in emergency situation. # OF PARTNERS 1994 to over hundred per cent in 2015 The data further shows that some 76 in most of the regions. Before 1994, per cent of schools in affected areas are secondary school education was limited without water which impacts on children's xx 22 to large towns. At the end of 2016, there learning abilities and the overall hygiene is at least one secondary school in each conditions at schools. woreda. IN SUPPORT OF STRATEGIC Similarly, about 73 per cent of schools in The education system in Ethiopian is OBJECTIVES 1 AND 3 Tigray and Oromia, 49 per cent in Afar, vulnerable to natural disasters and man- and 44 per cent in Amhara regions are CLUSTER OBJECTIVE 1 made emergencies. Additionally, out of without latrines. Generally, 47 per cent of the 738,000 refugees in Ethiopia, 57 Support two million schools in the meher assessed woredas per cent are children, putting additional emergency-affected are without latrines. school-age girls and boys pressure on the Ethiopian education 1continue their education system. The loss of assets and livelihoods has also compromised the capacity and purchasing The education sector was severely hit by CLUSTER OBJECTIVE 2 power of parents and care givers to send Support 73,683 (50 percent) IDP school-age # OF PRIMARY SCHOOLS girls and boys to continue 2their education* TIGRAY 318 11,274 2M Children targeted

AFAR M Girls AMHARA 0.9 3,005 665 1.1M Boys

BENESHANGUL GUMUZ 25 DIRE DAWA 42 HARERI ADDIS ABABA 3,939 GAMBELA 54 OROMIA 1,669 SNNP SOMALI 1,977

Schools targeted

20 5 PART I: Response part II: OPERATIONAL

their children to school in 2016. parts of Ethiopia is estimated to disrupt education of some 2.9 million school-age The above factors have contributed to children. Of these, some 2 million school- high levels of school absenteeism with age children in priority one woredas the highest numbers recorded between (mainly in eastern and southern parts of October and November 2016 in Oromia the country and in some pocket areas in (34,531), followed by Somali (19,978), other regions) require immediate support. Gambella (7,902) and SNNP (7,716) regions. The lowest number of school absentee is recorded in Harari region (691). Targeting Parents are unable to cover the costs With a focus on children aged 4-18 of school learning supplies (e.g. pens, years, the Government and humanitarian pencils, exercise books). partners aim to target two million school Recent information reveals that 147,366 age boys and girls in priority one woredas school children are internally displaced for emergency school feeding, learning in six regions: Afar, Gambella, Harari, supplies and school WaSH. Most of these Oromia, Somali and Tigray. Of this, about children are in eastern and south-eastern half is estimated to be accommodated Ethiopia. within host communities and the rest are targeted by Temporary Learning Centers with WaSH facilities, school feeding and Main Partners learning supplies. FMoE, Regional and woreda Education The residual effect of the 2015/16 drought Bureaus, UNICEF, Save the Children, and floods combined with the new WFP , Child Fund, PIN, DANFE, Islamic drought in the eastern and southeastern Relief, Kelem, LWF, PACT, PTP, Plan BREAKDOWN OF PEOPLE IN NEED, AGGREGATED BY REGION/AREA, SEX AND AGE (MEHER ASSESSMENT)

PEOPLE TARGETED

Total children % boys & girls Region

AFAR 88,047

AMHARA 362,837

DIRE DAWA 7,836

GAMBELLA 30,799

OROMIA 928,693

SNNP 318,586

SOMALI 187,546

TIGRAY 95,911

TOTAL 2M 55% 45%

21 PART I: Response part II: OPERATIONAL

Ethiopia, Right to Play, World vision, resources for Education in Emergency. Italian Center for Child Aid, NRCl, Camara A list of targeted schools will be shared Education, Relief Aid, Imagine 1 Day, with the Food, Nutrition and WaSH and implementing partners. clusters to ensure that necessary cross cluster interventions are prioritized and schools are used as platforms for Implementation and coordination broader humanitarian interventions. arrangements Learning spaces include gender-sensitive sanitation facilities and school feeding The Ministry of Education jointly with programmes which incentivize families co-lead agencies (UNICEF and SCI) in need to send their children to schools, will continue to lead and coordinate the while improving the overall nutritional preparedness and response activities at situation. Education of IDP children will federal and sub-national levels. Monthly be conducted in close coordination with coordination meetings at the federal level IOM. are informed by sub-national coordination forums that meet on a monthly basis at The cluster/sector partners will devote regional capitals. The Education Cluster dedicated attention to youth issues, which was reactivated in January 2016 such as school absenteeism, who are is nationally coordinated by two staff likely to be more vulnerable to abuse, members/ technical experts with support neglect, susceptible to embarking on from UNICEF and SCI. There is a need to the often perilous migration journeys strengthen regional/sub-clusters in terms risking trafficking and abuse. Jointly of staffing and capacity building initiatives. with Protection Cluster, the education sector will ensure children continue their education in safe and protective school Strategy environments. Go-to-school campaigns are organized jointly with parents and The Cluster with support from lead children to bring back dropouts. agencies will continue to mobilize

PRIORITY ACTIVITY BENEFICIARIES REQUIREMENTS US$ Critical Provide school feeding 2,034,652 school- 30,061,821 age children

Critical Provide school WaSH 2,142 schools 8,056,195 Critical Provide learning supplies 2,034,652 school 5,758,065 children

Critical Establish temporary 73,683 IDP school 1,628,319 learning centers children

TOTAL REQUIREMENTS 2M 45.5M

22 5 PART I: Response part II: OPERATIONAL

EMERGENCY SHELTER AND NON-FOOD ITEMS

Context be faced with increased vulnerability. PEOPLE TARGETED Inter-community clashes are expected In 2016, severe drought forced pastoralist to cause further displacements, in families to abandon their shelters and some cases resulting in secondary and 0.6M household belongings as the result of multiple displacements that are likely to loss of livestock. Scarce resources and further reduce the families’ abilities to lack of access had also led to inter- cope. REQUIREMENTS (US$) community tension and clashes that caused more displacements. Seasonal The seasonal and cyclical nature of flooding also traditionally displaces flood displacement and subsequent 17.2M people living in flood-prone areas for responses highlights the need for up to three months. In average, 90 per technical assessment to gain better cent of the displaced will return to their understanding of flood-induced # OF PARTNERS places of origin. displacements within the context of shelter. Evidence-based decisions Based on the 2016 meher assessment, can then be made to address needs 376,000 persons are at risk of being that require longer-term and more 14 displaced across five regions (Afar, sustainable solutions. Amhara, Gambela, Oromia, and Somali). The majority of these (217,000 IN SUPPORT OF STRATEGIC persons) are expected to be in Somali OBJECTIVES 2 AND 3 Targeting region with Afar, Gambela and Oromia CLUSTER OBJECTIVE 1: projecting close to 50,000 each. The Cluster will target people who have lost access to shelters and their belongings due To improve flood-resilience of In support of the seasonal assessment to shocks that have caused damage to their existing shelters to minimize loss first round of Displacement Tracking of household assets. habitats. This includes 90 per cent of the 1 Matrix (DTM), carried out between newly displaced people as projected in the September and October 2016, identified CLUSTER OBJECTIVE 2 meher assessment as well as households 167,688 persons (30,676 households), identified by the DTM to have remained in To provide immediate 66 per cent of which are under 18 prolonged displacement situations without humanitarian assistance to years old, who have been displaced adequate assistance. In collaboration with newly displaced and people in 2016. Of these 33 per cent were as 2in prolonged displacement not yet Cluster partners, geographical prioritization reached with assistance. the result of inter-community clashes, for preposition of stocks will also be done 23 per cent from drought and 44 per using regional response plans and the cent due to flooding. The majority of DTM, severity levels, vulnerability criteria, displaced populations were in Somali, and at -risk factors. Gambella and Afar regions. The DTM data indicates that majority (55 per cent) Based on seasonal assessment findings of the displaced population are living and flood-contingency plans the Cluster will with host communities, sharing limited target communities in flood-prone areas resources. This was further confirmed that are at risk of cyclical displacements by the meher assessment where some for disaster risk reduction assistance at the woredas in Somali region are hosting place of origin. more than double their population size. There is a need to explore multiple response modalities to better address Main Partners the need of those in different contexts. NDRMC, DPPB/DPFSAs, ERCS, ICRC, New waves of drought-related IOM, IRC, NRC, UNICEF, ACF, Concern displacements towards woreda centres Ethiopia, Help Age, People In Need, Save in search of assistance is already being the Children, ZOA, IMC, Islamic Relief. reported in Somali. Host communities, left with low coping and absorption capacity following the 2015/16 El-Niño will likely

23 PART I: Response part II: OPERATIONAL

Implementation and Coordination For in-kind responses, emphasis will arrangements continue to be placed on minimizing environmental impact and supporting Led by NDRMC and with support of IOM, local economies through local sourcing the Cluster meets at the Federal level on of materials where possible without a bi-weekly basis, to ensure coordinated compromising the quality of assistance. and effective response and mitigate The Cluster will continue to improve NFI displacements. In Somali region, the kit quality, and advocate for distribution Cluster meets on a monthly basis under of dignity kits alongside shelter and the leadership of the regional DPPB. Ad NFI responses to mitigate the impacts hoc coordination forums also take place of gender-based violence during for response in Afar, Tigray, Gambella displacement. The Cluster, through its and Oromia regions. Strengthening of technical working group, will also work coordination structure and information to define recovery shelter kits to support management system support at the those who have suffered complete regional and zonal levels in priority areas, damage to their homes but remain at will be vital in 2017. More emphasis their place of origin, to contribute to self- will also be placed on monitoring and recovery effort. evaluation as well as accountability to affected populations through feedback In flood-prone areas, geographical and complaint mechanisms. prioritisation based on priority woredas with history of repeated flood-related displacements and other contributing Strategy vulnerabilities will be used to target communities for recovery shelter The Cluster aims to expand its activities assistance at place of origin with strong into disaster risk reduction and disaster risk reduction and management rehabilitation assistance in flood-prone component. In-depth technical and social areas while also maintaining focus on economical studies around traditional responding to emergency shelter and construction practices will be carried out household NFI needs of affected and to provide evidence and framework for displaced populations. response planning. Shelter recovery The immediate humanitarian response will assistance will include awareness raising be based on joint assessments carried out campaigns and trainings on safer- following reports of new displacements, construction practices; material and/ as well as verification conducted by or conditional cash grants to support Government and humanitarian partners. shelter improvement towards better flood Traditionally the Cluster response modality resilience; and construction of model is based on in-kind provision of emergency shelters where appropriate. shelter and household NFI kits at the family-unit level. While this will remain the majority of the Cluster’s response, studies and pilots will be carried out to explore the feasibility of using cash or voucher system in both emergency response for NFIs, and recovery assistance for shelter in order to increase the flexibility and efficiency of response.

24 5 PART I: Response part II: OPERATIONAL

The Cluster will coordinate its activities with households, female-headed households and other sectors as well as working groups polygamous households), awareness and including Gender: Cluster partners are recognition of protection related incidences advocating to conduct an assessment and and use of appropriate referral mechanisms. distribute dignity kits simultaneously with Complaint and feedback mechanism will be household NFIs distribution; guidelines set-up to ensure accountability to affected for kit content and distribution as per the populations. The IDPs and Durable Solutions Dignity Kit Taskforce within the CP/GBV sub- Working Groups also coordinate with the cluster. In terms of protection: Promote good working groups to identify and target those in programming that takes into account specific prolonged displacement for possible support needs of the most vulnerable groups (eg. the both at the federal and regional levels. elderly, the disabled, children, child-headed

PRIORITY ACTIVITY BENEFICIARIES REQUIREMENTS US$ Activities under SO2 High Flood-prone area rehabilitation 19,200 5,760,000 and DRR activities (estimated 30% of flood displaced population in 2016) Activities under SO3 Critical Emergency shelter & NFI kits 64,000 8,690,000 or Recovery Shelter Kits: 90 per cent of the estimated new displacement in 2017 Critical Emergency shelter & NFI kits: 13,437 0 Remaining gap from 2016 (est. at 30% of existing IDPs - funded) High Preposition Stock (7,000 funded) 15,000 980,000

Critical Displacement Tracking Matrix 1,400,000

Critical Cluster Coordination 450,000

TOTAL REQUIREMENTS 614,004 ppl 17.2M (111,637 HH)

25 PART II: Food

FOOD

NDRMC, JEOP AND WFP Context PEOPLE TARGETED

The 2015 El Niño episode Tigray was one of the strongest in 5.6M modern history. In Ethiopia the El Niño was manifested Afar by severe drought in the Amhara REQUIREMENTS (US$) northern rangelands of Afar Beneshangul Gumuz and northern Somali regions Dire Dawa Hareri and late onset, erratic and Addis Ababa 598M poor summer kiremt (long Gambela rainy season between June Oromia # OF PARTNERS and September) rains in the Somali eastern highlands. In the most SNNPR drought-affected highland Legend JEOP areas, it is estimated that El NDRMC xx 3 Niño reduced the 2015-2016 WFP meher harvest by between IN SUPPORT OF STRATEGIC 50 and 90 per cent. While OBJECTIVES 1 AND 3 the cumulative 2016 kiremt in SNNP) experienced below average CLUSTER OBJECTIVE 1 rains were normal to above normal to most areas, dry spells in parts October to December rains in 2016. This To improve food consumption of of eastern Amhara, eastern and central is likely to lead to low milk productivity targeted households. Oromia, parts of SNNP and eastern, as livestock body condition deteriorates 1 central and southern Tigray resulted and reduced cash income from livestock sale, which in turn could lead to reduced CLUSTER OBJECTIVE 2 in harvest reductions and subsequent food shortages for the most vulnerable access to food. Humanitarian shock related food households. Of particular concern are the Cropping households in meher receiving needs prepared and responded lowland areas in highland woredas. to. areas received normal to above-normal 2 Over the course of 2016, food 2016 rains. However, pocket areas that consumption improved significantly as experienced dry spells and late onset of rains a result of humanitarian assistance as are expected to result in harvest reductions well as improved food access from the while poor households in these areas will belg rains. However, negative coping likely face food shortages. Vulnerable mechanisms continued to be practiced, cropping households in belg crop dominant highlighting the need to support areas that had poor production in 2016 are households with recovery and livelihood also likely to experience poor household protection measures.* food security as the main harvest is only expected in July. In 2016, households’ access to food from their own production remained very low despite Among people targeted for food some improvements resulting from the belg. assistance in 2016, the positive impact of increased levels of emergency food In northern pastoralist areas that assistance was evident as the rate of experienced unusually high livestock inadequate consumption fell by nearly 50 deaths in 2015/16, it is expected that per cent throughout the year. milk and cash income from livestock sale will be lower in 2017, especially in the first six months of the year. Separately, Targeting southern pastoralist areas, (7 southern zones of Somali region, southern Oromia The food response in 2017 will focus on pastoralists and South Omo pastoralists immediate and transitory needs that have * WFP household food security survey

26 5 PART II: Food

emerged as a result of shocks such as will assist a projected 4.7 million people drought, flooding or conflict. The PSNP and in close to 327 woredas. The JEOP will relief food are complementary and do not provide support to 0.9 million people in 70 overlap in terms of beneficiary households priority woredas. and offer a continuum of support to the CRS, representing the JEOP consortium, most vulnerable households. This said, and WFP participate in a monthly vulnerable segments of the population will NDRMC-led Prioritization Committee be prioritized including people displaced Meeting, which is the forum for reviewing by drought as well as women- and child- the national pipeline and recommending headed households. allocations to address the emergency In the event that resources are not food needs of the country. In addition, sufficient, prioritization of the most- CRS and WFP co-lead the Food Cluster/ affected woredas and households will be Sector structure. CRS, NDRMC and carried out by the Food Cluster/Sector, led WFP also participate in monthly Food Aid by the NDRMC and assisted by woreda Management Task Force meetings which authorities. The category of the woreda meet to discuss operational challenges in the hotspot ranking, the prevalence of such as transport and port operations. global acute malnutrition and the level Strategy of household food insecurity will inform this prioritization. Data supporting this The 2016 meher assessment concluded exercise will originate from health and that 57 million people will require food nutrition screening carried out by woreda assistance in 2017. For the relief response authorities, the results of the 2016 meher covering 5.6 million people during 2017, assessment and the WFP Community NDRMC and WFP will mobilize to cover and Household Surveys. 4,700,000 people, while the CRS-led JEOP will cover the needs of 939,869 people. Main Partners It is essential to consider food assistance, NDRMC, WFP, JEOP (CRS, CARE, Save the supplementary and therapeutic feeding Children International, WVE, FHE, REST, ECC- and WaSH as package of interventions. SDCOH-Harar, ECC-SDCOM-Meki, ORDA). Evidence shows that failure to distribute food and operate supplementary feeding both undermines the effectiveness Implementation and Coordination of nutrition interventions and causes arrangements significant increases in severe acute malnutrition. The food response in 2017 will be led by NDRMC, who, together with WFP,

PRIORITY ACTIVITY BENEFICIARIES REQUIREMENTS US$ Critical Emergency 4.7M Food Assistance (NDRMC /WFP) Critical Emergency Food 0.9M Assistance (JEOP) TOTAL REQUIREMENTS 5.6M 598M

27 PART II: HEALTH

HEALTH

Context country. Population displacement due to PEOPLE TARGETED drought and flooding is also expected. In 2016, Ethiopia experienced and To continue supporting the Government responded to several El Niño driven of Ethiopia in its response to various 4.37M adverse events with public health public health emergencies in 2017, a repercussions. These events included focus on improving access to health care, outbreaks of diseases such as AWD strengthening outbreak response capacity REQUIREMENTS (US$) and scabies, flooding which destroyed particularly to communicable disease health facilities in Afar and Somali and outbreaks, preparedness and support for displaced more than 200,000 people; life-saving essential health care services 42.8M drought drove over 450,000 children and in affected areas, is requested. 1.8 million pregnant and lactating women to malnutrition. The goal of the Health Cluster support is # OF PARTNERS to strengthen the capacity of the health The drought condition which led to system to deliver lifesaving interventions severe shortage of water for hygiene and aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality sanitation predisposed people for AWD resulting from public health events. xx 24 and throughout the affected 10 of the 11 regions and city administrations, most zones, sub-cities and woredas. Other Strategy IN SUPPORT OF STRATEGIC sporadic disease outbreaks attributed to OBJECTIVES 1 AND 3 the drought that occurred in 2016 included The strategies for the response are; CLUSTER OBJECTIVE 1 measles, chikungunya (> 900 cases) and 1. Strengthen leadership and To strengthen the dengue fever (>100 cases). coordination of the health response capacity of the health The Government, with support from to public health emergencies at system to deliver partners mobilized a robust public health all levels (FMoH, RHB, zonal and 1lifesaving interventions aimed woreda health offices) at reducing morbidity and response. The response to the various mortality resulting from public events over-stretched the health system 2. Strengthen the capacity for health events. and required diversion of resources emergency preparedness, early from regular health care services. The CLUSTER OBJECTIVE 2 detection, response and control of response to the anticipated events in communicable diseases at all levels To detected and 2017 will exert a similar burden on the (FMoH, RHB, zonal and woreda responded to epidemic health system, especially in pastoralist health offices) disease outbreaks in high and semi-pastoralist regions. In 2017, the 2risk areas. Ministry of Health anticipates that severe 3. Strengthen the capacity to acute malnutrition will continue to be a provide essential health services major health problem among children, to populations affected by the and lactating and pregnant mothers in humanitarian crisis (pastoralist areas that are currently affected by the communities, IDPs, refugees and ongoing drought in Somali, Afar, low others). lands of Oromia, SNNP and pockets 4. Strengthen capacity to investigate areas in other regions. Outbreaks of AWD, and respond to risks of outbreak. meningitis, measles, dengue fever and malaria will remain an anticipated health problems that will affect the population. Targeting The ongoing outbreak of AWD in Somali region is aggravated by the dry spells The health sector aims to target some and will continue to pose the risk of the 4.37 million people through coordinated wider expansion of disease to many response to the anticipated health woredas and even to other parts of the conditions and disease outbreaks. This number includes 370,000 IDPs and

28 5 PART II: HEALTH

300,000 women and adolescent girls who Main Partners will benefit from emergency reproductive health services. FMoH, EPHI, Regional Health Bureaus, WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, UNHCR, ACF, To address the anticipated health hazards Care, Concern, CDC, CRS, ERCS, GOAL, and the ongoing disease outbreak IMC, IRC, Islamic relief, MSF-France, response, as well as to strengthen MSF-Spain, MSF-Holland, Mothers and surveillance and to provide essential Children Multi sectoral Development emergency health care services, it is Organization (MCMDO), OXFAM, Save estimated that $42.8 million is required the Children, World Vision, WAHA. until the end of 2017.

PRIORITY ACTIVITY BENEFICIARIES REQUIREMENTS US$ Critical Support provision of Indirect – 4,370,000 6,300,000 essential health services individuals and supplies, referral support and outreach services including preventive and curative, routine immunization, support to access and provision of essential health services including emergency reproductive health care services to IDPs and others Critical Public health surveillance, Indirect – 4,370,000 3,840,000 prevention and control individuals of the occurrence of communicable disease outbreaks Critical Identification of Indirect – 3,300,000 22,870,000 malnutrition emergencies, individuals screening and response Critical Monitoring and evaluation MoH and Health 9,790,000 and technical support to Bureaus Federal and Regional Health Bureaus, Emergency Operation Centers to strengthen coordination of all-hazards emergency response

TOTAL REQUIREMENTS 4.37M 42.8M

29 PART II: Nutrition

NUTRITION

Context of MAM, SAM and PLW cases. The PEOPLE TARGETED number of cases are established based The El Niño induced drought has had the on feeding programme admission trends most devastating impact on livelihoods as of October 2016, survey data and 3M and food security in more than 50 years. previous analog years such as 2011, while At its peak, the number of priority 1, 2 and considering risk factors like diseases such 3 woredas reached 443, (approximately as the recent AWD, livestock/livelihood REQUIREMENTS (US$) 60 per cent of Ethiopia). Some 458,000 of loss, food insecurity associated with the severe acute malnutrition and 2.5 million emerging drought and water scarcity in cases of moderate acute malnutrition (1.75 some drought affected areas that directly 105.6M million children and 700,000 pregnant and reduce the quality of water consumed lactating women) were treated. and childcare indirectly. The estimated numbers were further validated by the # OF PARTNERS Following the onset of the belg and replenishment of water sources, the results of the 2016 meher assessment and number of priority woredas was revised the December 2016 hotspot classification. down to 420. The number of priority 1 The hotspot classification categorized 192 xx 32 woredas reduced from 219 to 206, with an woredas as priority 1, 174 woredas as estimated SAM caseload of 420,000 and priority 2 and 88 woredas as priority 3. 2.36 million MAM cases in 2016. IN SUPPORT OF STRATEGIC In 2017, an estimated 303,000 SAM cases OBJECTIVES 1,2 AND 3 From January to October 2016, a total of and 2.7 million MAM cases* (1,371,235 MAM children and 1,372,758 PLWs) CLUSTER OBJECTIVE 1 272,165 children aged 6 and 59 months suffering from SAM were reached with are expected to be reached in Ethiopia. 303,000 SAM cases and monthly admissions - the highest ever These estimated cases consider the highly 2.7 million MAM cases vulnerable woredas countrywide, though identified and treated for recorded in Ethiopia (compared to 351,969 the prioritization for response will focus 1severe and moderate acute SAM cases in 2015). Furthermore, since malnutrition, ensuring the mid-2015 the number of MAM and PLW on areas identified as most vulnerable in beneficiaries have access to a admissions have continually increased priority 1 and 2 at the very least. Populations continuum of care and IYCF-E and reached a record high in 2016 with with special needs will be considered as support. 2.15 million reported cases. necessary including nutrition response for the elderly, women of child bearing age and CLUSTER OBJECTIVE 2 teenage mothers in particular. Targeting Integrated response In addition, appropriate infant and young child (at least with WASH, feeding in emergencies (IYCF-E) support will Health, WASH and food) The meher assessment is used to re- 2promoted to mitigate against define the hotspot classification, and be given to 1 million children through their nutrition vulnerability contribute to estimating the number caretakers and to 550,000 pregnant and TRENDS IN SEVERE ACUTE MALNUTRITION ADMISSIONS CLUSTER OBJECTIVE 3 5,0002 acutely 50,000 malnourished children 40,000 from internally displaced 3population timely identified 30,000 and treated with MAM and SAM management services to 20,000 prevent further impact of the experienced shocks. 10,000 0 Jan Apr Aug Dec Typical year average of 2012-2014 2015 monthly admission in August were For comparision of 2011 Horn of higher than peak of 2011 crisis Africa drought 2016

* WFP targets 1.3 million MAM cases (668,201MAM children and 657,416 PLW)

30 5 PART II: Nutrition

lactating women. Special attention will be strengthening of health and nutrition given to young mothers who need guidance extension workers. on child care as well as support for their own 3.Strengthened MAM-SAM continuum of nutrition wellbeing, who will be targeted with care through the CMAM approach. This micro-nutrient supplementation. includes facilitating a referral system between the two programme components Main Partners to ensure optimal recovery, capacity strengthening of health workers and their FMoH, EPHI, NDRMC, UNFPA, UNHCR, response skills. UNICEF, WFP, WHO, ACF, Concern 4. Enhanced delivery of IYCF-E promotion WW, FEWSNET, FH-E, GOAL, IMC, in woredas through capacity strengthening Islamic Relief, IRC, Mercy Corps, Save of health workers, provision of appropriate the Children, MCMDO, MSF, Plan information, education and communication International, Red Cross, World Vision, materials, engagement of community CARE, CRS, CCF-Canada, IOCC, Help and religious leaders and peer support Age International, PIN, ZOA. groups. The optimal coverage of vitamin A supplementation and de-worming for Implementation and coordination children under-5 will also be sustained. arrangements 5.Strengthened coordination and early warning with particular focus on The nutrition coordination is led by the harmonizing strategies and information Emergency Nutrition Coordinating Unit in sub-regional administrations, timely (ENCU), which sits under NDRMC. As and quality information flow between the part of the El Niño response, the Federal regions and federal levels. Strengthen Ministry of Health has established a appropriate linkages and collaboration Health and Nutrition Incident Command between Nutrition and WaSH, Health and Post, which monitors the overall health Food sectors/clusters among others, will situation, the ongoing response, be fostered. challenges, and mobilizes required support from the Government as well as The emergency nutrition response is partners. Continued engagement with this primarily delivered by the Government’s coordination platform will be required as Health Extension Workers (HEWs) with long as it remains operational. support from humanitarian partners. The HEWs work at the kebele level providing basic preventive and curative Strategy health services including the prevention and treatment of acute malnutrition. The Government and partners have agreed to Nutrition partners play a crucial role in focus on key nutrition strategies and activities supporting the nutrition response in the in the at-risk woredas. These include: priority woredas and overall response 1.Improved community-level screening for quality enhancement. The NGO partners acute malnutrition in children under 5 years provide technical and logistical support to and PLW. This includes periodic screening the Regional Health Bureaus, including exercises for acute malnutrition, mobile delivery of CMAM supplies. teams moving to various sites as well Many at-risk woredas, as per the earlier as heath extension workers conducting 2016 classification, in Somali and southern screenings in their areas of coverage. SNNP regions were less affected by El 2.Ensure timely, safe and quality access Niño therefore did not benefit from the 2016 to CMAM services countrywide (SAM humanitarian response. Strengthened treatment) and in priority woredas (MAM efforts and support will be made to reach and PLW treatment) including capacity these woredas in 2017 and beyond.

31 PART II: Nutrition

PRIORITY ACTIVITY BENEFICIARIES REQUIREMENTS US$ Critical Management of SAM, 303,000 40,200,000 including technical and logistical support Critical Management of MAM • 1,371,235 MAM children 60,500,000 and PLW, including 6 to 59 months technical and logistical • 1,372,758 acutely support malnourished PLW

High Infant and Young Caregiver of 1 million 500,000 Child Feeding – children 0-23 months and Emergency (IYCF-E) 550,000 pregnant and lactating women Critical Malnutrition screening 10.3 million children 6-59 2,800,000 including Vitamin A months supplementation and deworming High Early warning and 42 nutrition surveys 1,600,000 coordination ENCU coordination platforms in Addis Ababa and six regions TOTAL REQUIREMENTS 3M 105.6M

32 5 PART II: PROTECTION

PROTECTION

Context opportunities, and more than 8,800 cases PEOPLE TARGETED of children (56 per cent boys and 44 per The Government’s National Policy and cent girls) in need of child protection 0.59M Strategy on Disaster Risk Management services and referrals. The meher (2013) recognizes women, children, assessment noted the linkages between the elderly, people with disabilities and drought (from 2015 and new symptoms people living with HIV/AIDS as the in 2016), student absenteeism, child REQUIREMENTS (US$) most vulnerable to hazards and related migration and child labour. disasters. Nearly half of the population in Ethiopia are under 18 years, and women During emergency and displacement, 11.1M and children constitute the majority of women and girls of reproductive age internally displaced populations. have increased needs of safety, security, as well as hygienic needs, and the The 2016 meher assessment reported # OF PARTNERS exacerbation of pre-existing gender that in two regions more than 1,000 cases inequalities can put women and girls at of children and 300 cases of elderly who higher risk of GBV. The Gender Analysis 32 were left behind when parents/caregivers highlighted the psychosocial impacts of xx migrated and more than 2,300 children drought on male breadwinners, which across four regions were reported to have may negatively impact the household migrated without parents/caregivers. situation or care of children. The meher IN SUPPORT OF STRATEGIC assessment reported almost 5,000 cases OBJECTIVES 1 AND 3 The depletion of household income and assets caused by the El Niño- of domestic violence against women and CLUSTER OBJECTIVE 1 induced drought was reported to have girls, although data was limited to a few Vulnerable groups, exacerbated certain protection risks for regions, and in three regions the issue of including women, girls children, women and other vulnerable women and girls trading favours or sex and boys, are protected groups during 2016. The Gender for food and survival was raised. The 1from life threatening protection assessment also indicated that 277 cases risks including GBV, neglect, Analysis, conducted by cluster partners in abuse, exploitation and other 2016, indicated that the drought reduced of sexual violence against women and forms of violence. the productivity, income generating and girls reported in the assessed woredas of remunerative activities of both women and Oromia, Afar, Amhara and SNNP regions. CLUSTER OBJECTIVE 2 men. As men and boys were temporarily The 2016 meher assessment showed that migrating with their livestock, the number Coordination, analysis there is limited access to basic services for and monitoring of of female-headed households increased. the most vulnerable groups mainly people protection as core The meher assessment also found living with disability, the elderly, and IDPs. 2intervention for humanitarian Furthermore, the meher assessment actors is ensured in close that the most commonly reported child highlighted the importance of conducting collaboration with authorities protection risks (reported in more than 50 per cent of assessed woredas, across protection mainstreaming activities as most regions) which had significantly well as having protection analysis in most increased in the last 3 months were: drought affected areas. children migrating without parents, child In addition, the Inter-Agency Protection marriage, psychosocial distress, and field missions conducted in 2016 sexual violence against women and girls indicated that, displacement situations (including rape) while moving outside may place additional strain on the home. Between April and October 2016, available limited resources, which may across 50 drought-affected kebeles, also lead to competition over resources the Bureaus of Women and Children’s between host communities and displaced Affairs and Labour and Social Affairs persons. These reports also highlighted had identified 6,597 unaccompanied that access to services is not designed and separated children (59 per cent to incorporate the needs of vulnerable boys, 41 per cent girls), often associated groups including IDPs amongst affected with the migration of children or their populations and the need for durable parents in search of livelihood and other solutions.

33 PART II: PROTECTION

Targeting Women and Children’s Affairs and Bureau of Labour and Social Affairs will continue To prevent, mitigate and respond to the to lead and coordinate the response of the protection risks of vulnerable groups, child protection/gender based violence including through service provision and (CP/GBV) sub-cluster at the national and system strengthening, the Cluster will regional levels. Monthly meetings at the support 590,000 people. This will include federal and sub-national levels, working in 210,000 emergency-affected population close collaboration with the CP/GBV sub- and service providers through general cluster coordinators and cluster partners. protection monitoring and mainstreaming At the federal level, the Protection Cluster activities, with the aim to ensure that 10 is working closely with NDRMC to identify per cent of the people are with disabilities a sector chair, to be supported by the and the elderly. The identification of Cluster Coordination team. An IDP sub- and response to child protection cases working Group established in 2016, (including referrals, as appropriate), and under the Protection Cluster, to address multi-layered psychosocial support, is IDP protection concerns and advise expected to benefit 70,000 children (50 on durable solutions as appropriate at per cent boys, 50 per cent girls) directly. the federal level, and link with relevant Child Protection actors will also work with regional level working groups. more than 100,000 caregivers, family members, community members, social workers, teachers, health workers, police, Strategy humanitarian workers and other service providers to facilitate protective care and The effect of emergency in exacerbating support for children. In addition, 158,000 pre-existing issues of migration, GBV, women, girls and service providers will child marriage and child labour highlight benefit from priority GBV prevention and the importance of strengthening linkages response activities. The Protection and between humanitarian and development CP/GBV sub-cluster are working closely actors in 2017 and further building capacities with partners to facilitate psychosocial of formal and community based systems support services, case management, to prepare for, prevent and respond to increase GBV prevention and establish/ future emergencies. The ultimate goal of strengthen referral systems and roll out all interventions is to provide life-saving of the GBV information management protection and support for children, women systems (IMS), and provide dignity kits and vulnerable groups. for vulnerable women and girls. The Protection Cluster strategy is two pronged: Main Partners 1. Ensuring timely, safe and quality access to services for emergency-affected girls, MoWCA, MoH, MoJ, MoLSA, NDRMC, boys, women, people with disabilities, sub-national bureaus, UNICEF, UNFPA, elderly, IDPs and other vulnerable groups, IOM, UNHCR, UN Women, WFP, WHO, including specialized services (such as Save the Children, IMC, APDA, PAPDA, for GBV survivors and child protection Plan International, Oxfam, IRC, HelpAge cases) where needed. International, Pastoral Concern, Child Fund, NRC, WVI, DRC, SoS, RaDO. 2.Strengthening systems to prevent, mitigate and respond to protection risks, including normative Implementation and coordination frameworks, institutional capacities, arrangements community structures, and application of understanding of protection The Ministry of Women and Children mainstreaming; alongside service Affairs (MoWCA) and the Bureau of

34 5 PART II: PROTECTION

provision for the most vulnerable groups. for Emergency Response in Ethiopia This includes technical expertise, (2016) and the Inter Agency Standing analysis, and advocacy to support the Committee Guidelines for Integrating exploration and development of durable GBV into Humanitarian Interventions solutions for displaced people (2015). Targeted Cluster mainstreaming activities will prioritize the Food, WaSH, All activities will be implemented in line Health/Nutrition and Education Clusters with the global CP Minimum Standards to support service design and delivery that for Child Protection in Humanitarian is sensitive to sex and age specific needs Action (2012), the Interagency Standard and vulnerable groups, and to strengthen Operating Procedures for Child inter-cluster referral pathways. Protection Case Management Services

PRIORITY ACTIVITY BENEFICIARIES REQUIREMENTS US$

Activities under SO1 Critical Child protection cases (within or 22,500 direct 2,100,000 moving from emergency affected (50% girls, areas) are identified, referred and 50% boys) responded to Critical GBV cases are identified, referred and 10,000 direct 1,000,000 responded to Beneficiaries (GBV) Critical Equip health facilities with medicines 186,450 and treatment kits for survivors of sexual violence Target: 136 health facilities Critical Children, parents and caretakers 50,000 direct 1,800,000 provided with skills and support (20,000 (including psychosocial) to prevent, girls, 20,000 mitigate or respond to risks for children boys, 5000 women, 5000 men), Critical Vulnerable women and girls provided 20,000 direct 900,000 with psychosocial support services beneficiaries (GBV) through WFS High Community members, social workers, 195,000 600,000 (CP) teachers, health workers, humanitarian indirect 1,000,000 workers, police and other service beneficiaries (GBV) providers are provided with knowledge (100,000 and skills to identify, prevent and GBV, 95,000 respond to child protection cases and CP) (50% GBV risks women targeted)

35 PART II: PROTECTION

High Reproductive age women and girls 67,000 1,540,000 provided with dignity kits

Activities under SO3

Critical Governmental official , humanitarian 150,000 280,000 workers and other service providers are provided with knowledge and skills to identify, prevent and respond to protection risks as well strengthening coordination on durable solutions for IDPs and other affected population Critical CP and GBV cases within IDP or 2,500 (CP) 230,000 (CP) conflict-affected communities are 3,000 (GBV) 250,000 identified, referred and responded to (GBV)

High Establish and strengthen GBV 560,000 information management system Target: 37 woredas Critical IDP children, women and carers 5,000 (CP) 270,000 (CP) provided with skills and psychosocial 5,000 (GBV) 300,000 support (GBV)

High Monitoring and evaluation activities to 60,000 120,000 assess and analyze protection risks (indirect) and the effectiveness of response in reducing risks TOTAL 590,000 11.1M

36 5 PART II: WATER, SANITATION and HYGIENE

WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE

Context identified woredas, poor rain and lowering PEOPLE TARGETED of ground water levels. Lack of WaSH Some 57 per cent of Ethiopia’s population facilities and water supply systems were has access to safe water sources, with also identified in many schools and health 9.2M coverage higher in urban areas (92 per centres. cent) as compared to rural areas (45 per cent). According to the 2015 Joint Additionally, according to the joint UNICEF REQUIREMENTS (US$) Monitoring Programme (JMP), 29 per and Hydrogeological Department of Addis cent people in Ethiopia practice open Ababa University analysis on the impact defecation and some 43 per cent have of drought on ground water availability, 86.4M access to shared latrine or unimproved below-average rainfall reduced the latrine. ground water table and its recharge. The analysis shows that in woredas prioritised # OF PARTNERS The 2015/16 El Niño WaSH response by WaSH Cluster, accessing ground focused on facilitating access to water and water is becoming increasingly complex. supporting response to public health risks. Ground water is the primary water source xx 48 As of October 2016, the WaSH Cluster for 80 per cent of the population in partners have reached to 4.6 million Ethiopia. people with emergency water supply, 1.4 IN SUPPORT OF STRATEGIC million people with the household water As required, urgent water supply needs will OBJECTIVES 1 AND 3 treatment chemicals provision and 3.5 be assessed in rapid WaSH assessment that will inform response plans to address CLUSTER OBJECTIVE 1: million people with sanitation and hygiene promotions. emergency water supply needs. Save lives by responding to emergencies through improved The 2016 meher assessment indicates The Government and WaSH partners coordination at all levels, to that some 6.4 million people living in 200 began response to AWD in Moyale 1deliver water, sanitation and hygiene woredas are still living in acute water woreda, Liben zone in Somali region when promotion assistance to affected scares areas. This is due to increased the outbreak began in November 2015. populations. non-functionality of water points in the Since then, AWD outbreaks have been CLUSTER OBJECTIVE 2 Prepare for humanitarian shocks – flooding, conflict and 2016 WASH PRIORITY WOREDAS / CONSOLIDATED WASH ACCOUNT (CWA) displacement and be well- 2positioned to provide WaSH services during the response phase of an TIGRAY emergency.

AFAR AMHARA

BENESHANGUL GUMUZ DIRE DAWA HARERI

GAMBELA

SOMALI OROMIA SNNPR

Areas in need of water trucking 2011 06 January 2016

37 PART II: WATER, SANITATION and HYGIENE

reported in all regions in approximately Fund, CISP, CRS, ERCS, ICRC, FHE, IAS, 351 woredas (including 120 woredas in NCA, WV, REST, VSF; private sector WaSH Addis Ababa). To effectively respond to service providers. the AWD outbreak, the WaSH Cluster in coordination with health stakeholders continues working to ensure household Implementation and coordination water safety and security, and hygiene arrangements promotions. The Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity and the Ministry of Health will continue to Targeting lead and coordinate the response at federal and sub-national levels working in close In 2017, the WaSH Cluster will target IDPs, collaboration with the Emergency WaSH vulnerable rural and urban communities, and Task Force (ETF) and the Water Sector health and education facilities. The 2017 Working Group (WSWG). Regular meetings plan, largely an expansion of 2016 activities at the federal and regional levels will enable will target 9,173,078 people with a focus on information sharing through the 4Ws matrix. activities that support 1) Increasing access Coordination of WaSH actors at the woreda to safe water in Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) level will be strengthened, for equitably affected communities and, 2) WaSH response distributed WaSH services. to water/vector borne disease outbreaks. Monthly meetings at federal level are Humanitarian response will target in hotspot complemented by alternate meeting of AWD priority 1 woredas where - the amount of response partners’ meeting chaired by WHO water supply is less than 5 liters per person and co-chaired by the WaSH Cluster. per day, water trucking distance is more Inter-cluster/sector information exchange than 20 kilometers, the level of malnutrition with the health and nutrition emergency task is severe, increased cases of water/vector forces will be reinforced at the Government- borne diseases (including AWD, Scabies, led command post and federal/regional etc.) exist, and reduced livestock productivity coordination bodies. or increased animal death is present. Cluster/sector partners will ensure that To improve the response quality in 2017, interventions undertaken are in line with the WaSH Cluster will address specific the Government’s National Emergency WaSH needs of vulnerable groups including Response Plan. To ensure the longer term pastoralist communities, IDPs, the elderly, impact, cluster/sector partners including people living with disabilities, women, boys UNICEF, are dedicating resources to and girls while prioritizing safety and dignity, communication and advocacy campaigns facilitating meaningful access to WaSH that aim to show families how to improve services, accountability, participation and daily sanitation and hygiene practices. empowerment of people targeted for WaSH cluster support. Strategy: Main Partners The Cluster/Sector response strategy is two-pronged - focus on rehabilitating FMoWIE and regional water bureaus, FMoH existing boreholes/water points and regional health bureaus, NDRMC, rather than digging new ones, where ONEWASH/CWA development partners infrastructures exist. In hard to reach (UNICEF, OCHA, DFID, IDA, AFDB, JICA, areas such as parts of Oromia lowlands, USAID, GoF, WB); 34 NGOs OXFAM, IRC, Somali and Afar, drilling and construction Save the children, CARE, Islamic Relief, Plan of emergency boreholes would be the International, NRC, DRC, GOAL, ACF, IMC, most cost-effective response. Water PIN, Action Aid, AMREF, CCF Canada, Child trucking, according to the National Water

38 5 PART II: WATER, SANITATION and HYGIENE

Trucking Guidelines developed by the litres per person per day. Provision of Cluster/Sector, is a last resort. Water water treatment chemicals (along with trucking will be triggered as a “bridging essential WaSH NFIs and community measure” while drilling and rehabilitating mobilisation) will be prioritized in areas is being undertaken. Water provision – where ponds and surface water (unsafe) quantity and quality – will be according are available with perceived high water/ to National Water Quality standards. The vector borne risks. minimum is 15 litres per person per day. For water trucking the threshold is five

PRIORITY ACTIVITY BENEFICIARIES REQUIREMENTS US$ Water: Access to safe water through provision of : Critical Water: Access to safe water 2,682,830 37,559,620 through provision of • Rehabilitation and upgrade of water points • Operation and maintenance of water points • Emergency water supply at crucial points – water trucking and EMWAT kits • Repair and maintenance of water supply / sanitation at institutional level in high priority locations (Schools, Health centres etc.) High • New water points / sources / 445,912 22,295,600 system construction in crucial areas • New construction of WaSH facilities at institutional level in high priority locations (Schools, Health centres etc.)

WASH response to minimize public health risks Critical (water / vector borne diseases) 4,835,469 9,670,938 • Household water safety and security (Provision of water treatment chemicals, WASH NFIs and awareness raising in urban and rural communities) • Promotion of Safe sanitation and hygiene (e.g. soap for personal hygiene and cleaning, C4D activities and materials, etc)

39 PART II: WATER, SANITATION and HYGIENE

High • Operation and maintenance of 1,208,867 16,924,138 water points • Rehabilitation and upgrade of water points • Emergency water supply at crucial points – water trucking and EMWAT kits • Repair and maintenance of water supply / sanitation at institutional level in high priority locations (Schools, Health centres etc.) TOTAL REQUIREMENTS 9.2M 86.4M

40 5 PART I: Response part III: Annexes

PART III: ANNEXES Regional Needs Snapshots: Meher Assessment Results 2016 Government of Ethiopia and Donor contribution Coordination Structure in Ethiopia

41 part III: Annexes ) have been screened between May to children have been screened between May ( 6-59 Months ) of the region’s population of the region’s Households displaced by drought and flood received ES/ NFI

The major coping strategies practiced in the region are sales of 3,612 The water trucking services are still running in Elidaar ( 3-trucks ) and 549,086 COPING MECHANISMS • livestock (destocking and additional income), migration within out of the region (in some cases even to near-by country) and dependence on relief food. requires food assistance 25% 415,987 require food assistance October 2016. • Gewane ( 2-trucks ) by Government and Private sectors. CURRENT RESPONSE • support. • KEY RECOMMENDATIONS KEY • Scaling up of SAM-MAM continuum care. • Establish and functionalize the Multi-sectoral PHEM coordination forum TORs. at all levels and follow-up as per the • Expand emergency shool-feeding programe to other schools. trucking in all water shortage areas. • Water Dec 2017 2016 flood victims 2015 32,466 2014 e a S Jun

R e d # of beneficiaries 6-year average 2013 (as of December 2016) 2012 AS OF DECEMBER 2016 WOREDAS Priority 1 Priority 2 Priority 3 Legend 2011 Jan 0 0 in May (not included the HRD). In 2016, ad hoc assistance was provided to Relief food beneficiaries per month (2016 Jan. - 2016 Dec.) (in millions) 400 300 200 100 HOTSPOT Food insecure population trend (in thousands) 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1

. woredas woreda children have been treated 12,439 most of the cultivated land failed at flowering woreda . individuals. 1.7 million (CSA 2016) pastoralism (90%) and agro (10%) sugum (March - April) , karma (July September) season crop production was seriously challenged by flood in 303,234 Woreda in Zone 3. motorized region. 16 functional in the water schemes are not Karma Afar Region: Meher Assessment Summary 14% rain in Afar region is characterized by normal onset, The 2016 Karma rain in The impact of the rainfall on browse and pasture condition has Livelihood: Population: Rainfall Calendar: IMPACT In • • Argoba In Special stage due to shortage of rainfall, farmers were obliged to feed the stover to livestock. a total of the 20 assessed woredas In • Zone 1, 2 and 3 and shortage of rainfall in Argoba Special Zone 1, 2 and 3 shortage of rainfall in for SAM during last 6 months.The current number is higher than year. The average proxy GAM and SAM are 20.8% 1.4% • respectively. and Dalifage Telalak Teru, Afdera, Gulina, • Except Koneba, during the last six month AWD outbreak was reported from majority of AWD during the last six month assessed woredas morbidity diarrhea, malaria, mesales and pneumoniaare Major AWD, • causes of under-five children in the region. of 64 kebels are identified as critical water shortage areas which Total • includes schemes will need urgent maintenance and rehabilitation. • 5,608 displaced households are in dire need of NFIs. • 75% of the assessed schools do not have safe water. • BASELINE DATA PERFORMANCE SEASONAL • erratic distribution and early cessation. • Argoba been good in all the visited woredas except Zone 4 and Special

42 5 part III: Annexes was given only SIA ehabilitation of non-functional 90% and above. facilitate infrastructures for transportation of water to

8 zones have critical water shortage. DPPCs

in the coming dry period and distribution of household water of region’s population of region’s

woreda The community members and DPPCs strongly recommended provision 3% 649,751 require food assistance requires food assistance • 37 woredas in • Limited access to distribution of relief food have been reported. the Absence of water sources within proximate distance has affected lives of the community mainly women and children. COPING MECHANISMS and and cash, borrowing food meals, number of • Decrease in quantity & main coping the are zone and near-by region other labor migration to mechanisms adopted by the vulnerable households. CURRENT RESPONSE coverage for measles was • Vaccine for hotspot woredas. • The RECOMMENDATIONS KEY • Supplies and logistics should be continuously available at health facilities • Strengthen surveillance at all levels and allocate adequate emergency fund at all levels. trucking should be a priority action in critical water shortage • Water kebeles treatment chemicals. • of canvas bags at household level to support collection water by loading on pack animals to the hilly areas. trucking in critical areas and r • Water water schemes. Schools, Health Institutions and public service employed who are working Schools, Health Institutions the kebeles that cannot be reached by other means transportation. • Nutritional supplies are available in all three visited district health offices for three months. Dec 2017 2016 flood victims 33,635 2015 2016 2014 e a Jun S

R e d 6-year average (as of December 2016) 2013 2015 AS OF DECEMBER 2016 WOREDAS 2012 Priority 1 Priority 2 Priority 3 Jan 2011 Legend in January and April (not included in the HRD). in January and HOTSPOT In 2016, ad hoc assistance was provided to 0 0 Relief food beneficiaries per month (2015 Jan. - 2016 Dec.) (in millions) 30. 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 Food insecure population trend (in millions)

18% , 4% and 72% , which might require

compared to last year. 43% to 85% compared last year. (March-May) and kiremt (June-September) were SAM and MAM respectively. were SAM and MAM respectively. 20.7 million (CSA 2016) 100% agrarian (mixed cropping and livestock) belg respectively. 12% & 11% respectively. season rainfall could be rated as normal and above as rated season rainfall could be meher Amhara Region: Meher Assessment Summary A total of 1,133,459 under five children screened in October 2016, A Among six visited health posts (HPs), water is available only in one HP Agriculture products of the region have increased by Average increment in the price of ox, cow and shoats are Average A total area of 3,510,809 hectares (99%) the planned 3,532,469 A Population: Livelihood: Rainfall Calendar: Proxy GAM for pregnant and lectating womnen(PLW) has peaked in • Proxy GAM for pregnant and lectating womnen(PLW) July and dropped the following month by respectively. and 25% respectively. • 5,064 and 86,906 further investigation. • and four reported shortage of therapeutic supplies for the coming three months and health • High turnover of trained PHEM and nutrition officers workers has been reported. hectare arable land has been planted with different crops. hectare arable land has been planted with different • • BASELINE DATA PERFORMANCE SEASONAL • The 2016 normal in the region which has contributed to a good production of crops in mid & highland areas in addition to improving animal feed and water in lowland areas. natural hazards: the season was characterized by different • However, crop disease, that pest & excess rains, hailstorm, frost, moisture stress, a significant number of household livelihoods in pocket areas of affected the region. lowland areas because of pocket reported from • Below normal yield was excessive rainfall, due to the and early cessation of moisture stress rainfall, hail storm and frost hazards in high mid lands. IMPACT • and maize rose by 15% 3.5% while wheat barley • Prices of teff declined by beneficiaries almost decreased by

43 part III: Annexes Strengthen sectoral coordination and information flow to control Strengthen the multi-sectoral PHEM taskforces at all levels with Capacity building for health workers & extension KEY RECOMMENDATIONS KEY • on proper SAM and MAM cases management, recording of performance and reporting. • AWD. • regular meeting with documented minutes. • Rehabilitation of non-functional water schemes. Dec 2017 2016 (as of December 2016) 2015 2016 2014 e a S

Jun R e d 6-year average 2015 2013 2012 f region’s population require food assistance o

2% 20,999 require food assistance 2011 Jan Food insecure population trend (in millions) COPING MECHANISMS The major coping strategies are: relying on less preferred food/cheaper or low quality food, limit frequency and size of food/roots wild of gathering hunting and labour, agricultural meal, . 0 84 56 28 Relief food beneficiaries per month (2015 Jan. - 2016 Dec.) (in thousands) 0.00 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 Belg Assessment Summary compared , of Assosa Bambasi and Bambasi Assosa of kebeles 2016) (CS A water schemes are non-functional in the 1.0 million agriculture (100%) meher (June-September) , where it was delayed to the beginning of June. of beginning the to delayed was it where woreda , Benishangul Gumuz Region: 511 (17%) 511 Enough quantitiy of pasture and water is available for livestock Meher production is estimated to increase by 26.7% The onset of rain was timely in all zones the region. The total planted area has been increased by 5.76% compared In metkel zone the price of major cereals (maize, sorghum and has declined cases number of though the ongoing is still AWD Increase of SAM cases has been reported in Metekel zone. Increased migrations of adolescent and youth from Pawi woreda points are not located in proximate distance which has Water Livelihood: Population: Rainfall Calendar: consumption, livestock body condition is also good. SEASONAL PERFORMANCE SEASONAL The amount and distribution of rains was good for crop growth crop for good was rains of distribution and amount The adverse weather conditions and livestock performance. However, crops (sorghum, teff, (hailstorm and strong wind) have affected pocket in maize) and pepper Homosha woredas . Generally, the distribution and amount were similar to normal Generally, years in most of the woredas region. Assosa zone, the onset was normal except in Oda Bidigilu and In Sherkole to last year. which is favouring the farmers. Farmers cash crop) are very low, are switching to other crops no case has been reported for the last 2 weeks. now, to other areas have been observed. impact on meaningful access of water sources. to last year. to last year. • IMPACT • • • • • • • • • region.Water supply coverage in all visited woredas is less than region.Water 70%. BASELINE DATA

44 5 part III: Annexes

8% 35,224 require food assistance region’s population require region’s food assistance Dec 38 cases of physical violence were DD 71% in the region. ha was cultivated and 1 3,149 ha land only 11,977 Jun Jan KEY RECOMMENDATIONS KEY • Emergency preparedness for supplies of priority disease must be obtained. • Maintenance of non-fictional water schemes rather than rationing. • Strengthening of malnutrition data management system. in data management, documentation and evidence • Strengthen OWCA based intervention/programing. Relief food beneficiaries per month 9 (2016 Jan. - 2016 Jun.) (in thousands) COPING MECHANISMS • For the poor to very households with limited land holding and crop production coping strategies are reduction in number of meals, wage sale of firewood and charcoal. Mostly also depends on the labor, assistance. In addition shifting of non-food expenditure to food purchase has been reported also. 15 12 • Out of the planned planted with sorghum and maize. peak cereals experienced seasonal decline during the staple of • Supply lean period (June to September). respective compared with cases increased as SAM number of • The months of 2015 (May-October 2015) except for the months of September and October which showed a slight decreased due to better production during these months. • In the last reporting quarter This is an increase from the 4th quarter police in the region. presented to of FY08 cases where 18 were presented and addressed. • Overall water coverage is • 82% of the functional primary schools have access to safe water and separate latrine for boys and girls.

(as of December 2016) of

6% region’s population require region’s food assistance 14,500 require food assistance Dec e a S

DD 2 weeks. R e d vaccine management system of measles i.e. cold Jun kiremt (June to September) 0.23 million (CSA 2016) rain was below normal in July, above normal rain was kiremt/meher rain was below normal in July, Jan Relief food beneficiaries per month 60 50 (2016 Jan. - 2016 Jun.) (in thousands) The COPING MECHANISMS major coping mechanisms in the regions are retail marketing • Normally, of vegetables, increased firewood and charcoal sales, urban labor in Harare town, chat harvesting, livestock sales and food assistance. Dire Dawa Population: Rainfall Calendar: BASELINE DATA KEY RECOMMENDATIONS KEY • Provide school feeding where the drought emergency is severe and has a great possibility to cause school drop outs. • Maintenance of damaged water schemes. • Capacity building for chain, transportation, training of health workers must be cross checked against reported measles cases and deaths. • Multi-sectoral collaboration must be established and response timely to any kind of disease outbreaks at regional level. SEASONAL PERFORMANCE SEASONAL • half of rain ceased during first The July. end of reported during the September which is earlier than the normal time. IMPACT • Crops plantation was late by created significant flowering and seed filling stages at • Moisture stress yield reduction. 352 water availability was much below normal. meher harvest. kebeles 7.6% to 4.7% since last year. 9 of sorghum and the total loss maize in

meher, failure and below normal rains of meher, kiremt (June to September) 0.23 million (CSA 2016) rain started in time, but with inadequate rain started in time, amount and erratic belg meher Harari and Dire Dawa Regions: Meher Assessment Summary Harari Erratic distribution and dry spells highly affecting the crop growth spells highly affecting distribution and dry Erratic Moisture stress at late vegetative to flowering stages in the lowlands late vegetative to at Moisture stress compared to the average of last 5 the average of compared to Plantation areas increased by 9% The decline has been seen in the malnutrition admission while GAM, AWD has been reported as major health problem in the region, AWD The top five causes of morbidity in under five: Diarrhea The top five causes of morbidity in under five: (Non bloody), Due to Recent prices indicate a rising trend both for staple food and livestock both for Recent prices indicate a rising trend The rural pipe region while 18 functional in the water schemes are not 31% Price for staple cereals continued to increase through October 2016 but Plantation was late by two weeks in the midland areas, it was on time in Plantation was late by two weeks in the midland areas, it Population: Rainfall Calendar: for livestock has decreased. • a change is anticipated upon completion of • markets. • cases have been reported from July to October 2016. • Acute Pneumonia, Infection (AURTI), Tract Acute Upper Respiratory Febrile illness (AFI) and Helminthiasis. • MAM and SAM rates are 1.9% , 2.5% 4.34% respectively. • systems are not working at all. • School drop-out has decreased from

distribution. The rain in the lowland distribution. BASELINE DATA PERFORMANCE SEASONAL • IMPACT • lowland areas. • contributed to significant yield reduction. • years (2010-2015) plantation. • Overall, there was insufficient rainfall with an erratic and uneven Overall, there was insufficient spell in June, was a dry There spatially and temporally. distribution, both In midland areas, the conditions were better than July and September. last year. • This created favorable especially in lowland and semi lowland areas. the spread of stalk borers on sorghum and for infestation of conditions for crops resulting stunted growth of the responsible striga weed, which is for in a yield reduction of 12.5% lowland areas.

45 part III: Annexes months 6 woredas 13 beneficiaries from 42,800 f region’s population require food assitance o

The copping strategies practiced in all woredas of the region are Key recommendation • Seeds provision for the next year’s crop production to crop-failure farmers. • Crop production and livestock related training should be conducted for farmers. on Community management of acute malnutrition Training • (CMAM) and infant young child feeding during emergencies for experts should be provided as soon zonal and woreda office possible. Current response • In the region a total of received emergency relief food assistance for a period of (rounds) in 2016. In additional emergency food assistance was distributed for cross-border attacks and flood victims. During the Coping mechanism • intensification of livestock sale, purchase and consumption cheaper food, such as sweet potatoes, cassava and also the The expansion of wild fruits roots and intensification of fishing. leaves collection, and the intensification of charcoal grass sale poor households also depend on gifts is also an added value. Very and from relatives and seasonal migration to neighbouring Woredas kebeles . relief operation there was a delay in allocation, delivery and distribution was not full basket. Cereals and pulses were the only food that was provided. There were problems and challenges in food that was provided. targeting, recording and reporting of the relief operations. 9% 36,042 require food assistance 2017 Dec 2016 2015 2 2016 e a 2014 S

Jun R e d (as of December 2016) 6-year average 2013 2015 2012 Priority 1 Priority 2 Priority 3 2011 Legend 0 Jan 65 52 39 26 13 Food insecure population trend (in thousands) Hotspot woredas as of December 2016 Relief food beneficiaries per month (2015 Jan. - 2016 Dec.) (in thousands) 40 30 20 50 which due to woredas Meher Assessment Summary

are non-functional, there is 1,068 season rainfall onset was early in most of the (March-May) and meher (June - Sept.) mixed agriculture (100%) belg 0.4 million (CSA 2016) due to surma attacks. due to murle cattle raiding activities and attacks in area has been planted against total planned of plantation. water schemes out Gambella Regional

The 2016 meher 57% 197 The physical condition and productivity of livestock is good for and SC in May 2016 has The number of cases seen at OTP The top five causes of morbidity in the under are malaria, The flood damaged maize crop and vegetable highly at fruit Population: Livelihood: Rainfall Calendar: Baseline data Seasonal performance • areas. The amount of rainfall was very high in the beginning which areas. resulted both flash and river flooding. is below the national average and lowest as compared to other Regions. • • now. Lare and Jikaw • Livestock herd size has been decreased in Jor, woredas Dima woreda • Currently the supply and demand of staple food commodities (maize and sorghum) are balanced while increments in prices have been observed. and SC cases increased • In majang zone trends of both OTP dramatically. • been reported increased compared to same month in 2015. • pneumonia, diarrhea (non bloody), acute respiratory tract infection and Diarrhea with no dehydration in order of occurrence. • The sanitation and hygiene coverage of the Region is • setting and flowering stages. • shortage of potable water in most assessed scheme damage and nonexistence of water schemes. Impact

46 5 part III: Annexes quintals of (about 1,563 woredas

55% boys and 45% Girls) (32.3%) contributed by NGOs while the remaining households and total of 50,474 people are displaced and meher seasons a total of 243,137 quintals belg 10,474 of region’s population of region’s

78,598 2,049,871 require food assistance During 6% require food assistance The Bureaus of women and children Affairs had already identified 1,123 Affairs women and children The Bureaus of from Somali region), more than half of the IDPs are women and children The IDPs require short and long term assistance. requiring protection. emergency seed of different varieties were provided to ten zones, out of varieties were provided to different emergency seed of which covered by government. trucking is on-going in water shortage areas. • Water • unaccompanied and separated children ( • Nearly mainly due to flood, drought and conflict from 11 COPING MECHANISMS • Coping mechanisms are mainly increased labour migration to urban Arsi Hararghe and areas for instance in low lands of East and West zones as well use of negative coping mechanisms such excessive sale of livestock, charcoal and firewood across the low land pastoral areas. • Withdraw of children from school and reduction in number meals have been reported also as coping mechnisms. CURRENT RESPONSE • KEY RECOMMENDATIONS KEY and timely • Strengthen coordination at all levels for effective humanitarian response AWD • Strengthen and coordinate the ongoing response to contain outbreak delivery of water trucking as well maintenance and • Timely rehabilitation of water schemes. • Support for schools with school feeding programme and water areas, in particular support of livestock feed for critically affected • Timely the pastoral areas Dec 2017 2016 flood victims 2015 2016 14,197 2014 e a S

Jun 6-year average R e d 2013 (as of December 2016 ) 2015 AS OF JULY 2016 AS OF JULY WOREDAS 2012 Priority 1 Priority 2 Priority 3 Legend 2011 Jan 0 0 in April and May (not included in the HRD). in In 2016, ad hoc assistance was provided to 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 4 3 2 1 Relief food beneficiaries per month (2015 Jan. - 2016 Dec) (in millions) HOTSPOT Food insecure population trend (in millions) 5, 200 cases with active 5, Meher Assessment Summary 34.5 million (CSA 2016) ganna/ belg (April -mid-June), kiremt (July - October), hagaya (October-Nobember) agrarian (85%) and pastoralist (15%) rain in pastoral areas. Oromia Region: Livelihood: Population: Rainfall Calendar: • Livestock body conditions are very poor in low land and pastoral areas Guji Borena and West with significant livestock death reported from zones. livestock prices are increasing while the prices are • Staple food decreasing in the low land and pastoral areas but prices are stable high and mid land areas. Guji zones in Bale, Borena, Guji and West • Early migration reports from with increased school absenteeism as search of pasture and water, children migrate along with their families current cases at continues with the • AWD BASELINE DATA PERFORMANCE SEASONAL Agro-Pastoral parts rain was late in all Pastoral and • The onset of hagaya it has been In Borena Zone it was reported that, of Oromia by 2-6 weeks . rains as small showers were the exact onset time of define the to difficult occurring in some places for one day and followed by long dry spell conditions until the next shower. • In general, the performance of hagaya rains in pastoralist areas was a failure during the season in terms of improving water and pasture Unseasonal rains that happened during mid of November availability. over all pastoral areas was assessed to have a positive impact in improving water availability to some extent, but not expected to enhance pasture and crop conditions as their duration was short. IMPACT crops was good. high and mid land areas the performance of • In late by in low land areas the crop performance was affected However, onset, erratic distribution and below normal meher rains as well failed hagaya in East Hararghe, West Hararghe, West Arsi and East showa zones. In and East Arsi Hararghe, West Hararghe, West in East Hararghe West Hawi Gudina of malaria outbreak in a addition, there is zone with 1,680 cases • Although, there is decrease in SAM admission when compared to last year same time, the cases remain high in low land and pastoral areas, for instance in Gololcha, Merti and Rayitu woredas . • Critical water shortages have been reported in Bale, Borena, Gujji and East Harerghe zones.

47 part III: Annexes . y , , and y , Jara r , Kohle, and y , Bare y received areas to help alleviate the y . . deyr y kebeles ware districts of Jarar zone,

woredas , Gode, Danan, pocket area of y 460 receiving zones. 2017) and mitigate the impact of deyr Adadle fected Gu f of Shebelle zone, Doloado, Bokolmayo, ’ TIONS fecting the communit f fected zones as well. f Afder zone, rain and now has been depleted completely in many s population ’ receiving zones. argeted Supplementary Feeding (TSF) is a necessit T deyr deyr , most common coping strategies applied by the communities y

of region fected areas of the region including Dolo, Korahe

M RECOMMEND A Provision of improved crop seeds for agro-pastoralists and riverine Pasture had been steadily deteriorating over the last several months Emergency livestock feeding to save core breeding animals in the In order to treat the MAM cases and prevent them from developing into Urgent water trucking to all a Critical water shortages in many parts of the Generall On-going water trucking in vulnerable require food assistance 31 % 1.7 require food assistance KE Y • communities in the region to help crop production activities subsequent cropping season ( current drought in the a • preceding the areas in the • worst a f Shebelle, parts of the remaining • SAM, rollout of • acute water shortages a particularly in Dobaweyn, Shilabo, Mersin, Shaykosh and parts of Kabridahar districts of Korahay zone, all Doolo Gashamo, Gunagado, Daror and part of Harshin and Koran districts of Fafan zone, Doloba Godgod districts of Kalafo,and Muzatahil districts Gurebaqaqsa,part of Moyale, pocket area Hudad districts Liban and Dawa zones, Garbo, Sagag, Duhun Elweyn districts of Nogob zone. in time of crisis are livestock migration, sale livestock, labor fire wood collection, reduction of meals frequency and quantit relief distribution or food aid programs. • COPING MECHANISMS • CURRENT RESPONSE • Dec 2017 Priority 1 Priority 2 Priority 3 Legend 2016 2016 flood victims 2015 85,296 2016) 2014 e a S

Jun AS OF DECEMBER 2016 R e d 6-year average 2013 (as of December 2015 WOREDAS 2012 1 Jan 20 1 April and May (not included in the HRD). 0 0 in In 2016, ad hoc assistance was provided to 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.3 Relief food beneficiaries per month (2015 Jan. - 2016 Dec.) (in millions) 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 HOTSPOT Food insecure population trend (in millions)

9 in to

the , and y TF P from zone zone P L rains. water

of where

lowest across to uneven showed herds Sitti and remained screening

the Fafan north acute these of and Currentl region zone to crops areas of . of performance the referred

years of significantly from in the livestock

5 onset nutrition

Fafan and

areas good of result month (imported) Assessment Summary

woredas

pocket dry season of Jiilaal a woredas than

areas

all erratic as across food cases

in same biannual

long

new by benefitting whereas

showed

deteriorated performance except migration to the dominated time the younger SAM

but

2016 staple receiving rainfall

the Meher on as has of reported

normal, mass

the deyr (November - December) rain

normally were in

to of children intensity delayed October

spreading characterized failure started pastoralist declined parts below

cases keren led these months, animals the

price of and still was

rain

was of

variations price WD have

some the ferent mostly

A generally

and to

during of di f

rain complete

7,403 coming

karan : rainfall

malnourished of Fafan zone was the

2016, PERFORMANCE the

5,259 1. near 2016 5.5 million (CSA 2016) agro-pastoralist (30%), pastoralism (60%), sedentary (10%) gu (April - June) and condition livestock 1 of shortage distribution

2016 2016 leading receiving,

, of

identified

between

y exception

woredas over rainfall acutely from woredas

are actively intermittently reporting. while body of deyr the good , karen P-1 r been total pasture ACT November

Somali Region: fered 36 ferent A The Generall The In 84,610 The With Livelihood: Population: Rainfall Calendar: with performance variations Onset the sedentary areas. • SEASONA L • su f and other parts of the Fafan, Jarar and Nogob zones. BASELINE D AT A IM P • distribution di f • region, all the other zones are in midst of a severe drought. • livestock have begun to die in certain areas, a trend which is expected continue progresses. • highe level since 20 • July-Mid-Dec sites. woredas • have in

48 5 part III: Annexes . and pulse to 85% teff . level. months old children of the assessed 6-59

before the next sowing period. level of region’s population of region’s

6% requires food assistance 310,917 require food assistance The screening coverage of • Limited access to services for disable persons, children and HIV patients. CURRENT RESPONSE programs have contributed a lot to • Both emergency relief and PSNP people and protect from save lives and livelihood of the drought affected significant public works stress migration and asset depletion. Moreover, mainly rehabilitation and social infrastructures, were constructed by able bodied beneficiaries. • woredas from the October 2016 mass screening was KEY RECOMMENDATIONS KEY livelihood • Capacity building should be given for household economy, analysis, ear y warning activities, production estimation, market assessment and forecast at woreda pocket • Emergency seed distribution is highly needed for affected areas/ woredas • Strengthen disease surveillance system. • Preposition some key emergency drugs and medical supplies at woreda woredas in the affected TSFP • Continue trucking in areas with critical water problem. • Water schools. • School feeding program to the affected COPING MECHANISMS Coping mechanisms: cash/food assistance, sale of livestock and livestock products, sale of expensive crops such as purchase cheaper crops. Expand labor income, minimize expenditure on none food items, change consumption pattern and support through CCC (Community Care Coalition). Dec 2017 2016 2015 2016 2014 e a S Jun

R e d 6-year average 2013 2015 (as of December 2016) AS OF DECEMBER 2016 WOREDAS 2012 Priority 1 Priority 2 Priority 3 Legend Jan 2011 0 0 Relief food beneficiaries per month (2015 Jan. - 2016 Jun.) (in millions) HOTSPOT 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 Food insecure population trend (in millions) 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.3 ) are 11% of the ), 24% . A total of A . woredas ) and malaria ( woredas 16 12% schools are affected as result schools are affected of , skin infection ( 23 azmera and tsidia areas fodders , azmera (April to end of May) 40%) kebeles 2016) 126 (CS A . The cessation of rainfall was azmera and tsediya . ), non-bloody diarrhea ( 5.1 million agriculture (100%) belg (January-May) and tsedia (June-September) water schemes are not functional in the region. 20% schools have safe potable water. schools have safe potable water. students are affected due to emergency and health related students are affected people are currently in need of water supply for drinking students are affected and students are affected 21% children have a proxy of Global Acute Malnutrition (GAM) and children have a proxy of Global with proxy of Sever Acute Malnutrition (SAM) rate by October with proxy of Sever increased crop production compared to last year. increased crop production compared to last year. water schemes are non-functional in the whole region. 33% Tigray Region: Belg Assessment Tigray Summary The start of the rain was about normal in almost all Apart from erratic distribution, the performance of this year’s tsediya 83% 4.8% 22% 169,446 Livelihood: Population: Rainfall Calendar: • Only water. water. 2016. • SEASONAL PERFORMANCE SEASONAL • the five top causes of morbidity in region. • region, and the amount distribution of rain was also normal for both production seasons earlier by one to four weeks than normal across the region. • August, was relatively good as compared rainfall, mainly during July and wind, Rainfall adversities such as hailstorm, Waterlogging, to last year. moisture and flooding have been reported. • IMPACT • 0.2 % 389,657 10,684 • Because of the good rains both in sources are adequate to cover overall requirements of the region except in some pocket areas. • Supply of cash crops, staple food, and livestock to the market is normal in all market places of the region. • Staple food prices have decreased while livestock increased compared to last year. • Acute respiratory tract infection ( • Critical water shortage in • Due to heavy rain fall and high wind, pneumonia ( problems. BASELINE DATA

49 part III: Annexes d

$million ‐ 537 pledged

allocation

109

20 sector ‐ sector contributions Year $0.6m ‐ sectors multi

to to 272 $million

2015 2016 ‐ 1,062 funding gap

c allocated allocated gap Government HRD and

b sector ‐ allocated

$million 1.1billion multi ‐

requirements

to $20m 677.4 sector

Revised Contributions*** per 115

91 106 83 b $million 78 45 funding 71

60 52 48 and 15 24

32 HRD ‐

24 13 16 12 the

7 to

0.6 requirements

Food pledges

WASH Health ES/NFI sectors Logistics

Nutrition Education Protection Supplies** Agriculture

2016) *$1.06b allocated to Switzerland Donor Revised EHF.

a d Nutrition education, through

December 7.4 30

a US$11m

of and

20 and

donors

(as implementation, 3

Republic

$million ~$53m

4 food

Private

2017 to Czech $million

date for

5 Egypt, HRD ‐

p Kuwait,

5 u HRD ‐

the

g $537m gap requirements 7 internal,

secured

to the

contribution

is 7

3.4 3.4 WHO )

, to

8 $million 2.7 Nutrition 8

‐ fundin $1.9m internal Sweden,Spain, NMFA,

‐

9 NGO

Government UNA

10 to

Ireland 11 Korea,

0.9 13 and Russia, TCP/FAO

0.6 US$97.6m 0.5 0.5 billion 0.5 0.4 15 ,

Belgium,

commitments

0.2 27 ∫∫ ∫∫ contributions

Malnutrition), over

Thematic, $13.6m

‐ 32 ∫∫ Finland, ‐

1 Humanitarian 50 ∫∫ sector donor ‐ (UK contributions/commitments carry : Acute

UNICEF

START, ∫∫ 142 Global… required Kuwait Austria contributions/commitments Finland Canada US$1.62 Donors

Sweden IKEA, ia

Children…

LDS,

∫∫ Denmark 164 $15.5 multi

delegation include

p Switzerland donor EHF the ∫∫

389 WFP),

EU Austria, US$60.5m UNICEF

not (Moderate :

donor

Save Donor 2016 does (UNICEF, Monaco Others Additional MAM ECHO 2016 c Includes 1 2016 GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIA AND DONOR CONTRIBUTION 2016 GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIA * *** ** Ethio

50 5 part III: Annexes

COORDINATION STRUCTURE IN ETHIOPIA

Humanitarian Government Joint National Disaster Prevention and Strategic Multi-Agency Preparedness Committee (NDPPC) Coordination (S-MAC) Chair: DPM Chair: Commissioner Co-chair: HC Members: Ministers, NDRMC Members: Heads of Cooperation, UN Political & NGOs & Line Ministries

Frequency: Weekly Frequency: Monthly Humanitarian Country Team (HCT) Humanitarian Resilience Chair: HC/RC Donor Group (HRDG) Members: UN Cluster Coordinators, Agency Reps., Chair: Donors Members: Disaster Risk Management Technical Working Group National Technical Committee NGOs Reps., Donor Reps. and Donors and Key Humanitarian (DRMTWG) Red Cross Movement Partners

Strategic Chair: NDRMC Chair: NDRMC Co-chair: OCHA Freq.: Fortnightly Freq.: Monthly Members: Line Ministries (Technical level) Members: Sector Task Force Chairs, Cluster Coordinators, Frequency: Triweekly UN, NGO & donors at the technical level Frequency: Monthly

Inter-Cluster Coordination Sectors Task Forces and Cluster Coordinators Group (ICCG) Inter-Cluster Information Emergency Communication Chair: OCHA Management Working Agriculture & Shelter & Health & Nutrition Nutrition Members: Cluster Coordinators Group (ICIMWG) Group(ECG) Chair: MoH Chair: NDRMC/ Livestock Non-Food Freq.: Fortnightly Chair: OCHA Chair: OCHA Members: Chair: NDRMC Chair: NDRMC / IOM Co-chair: WHO ENCU Members: IM Focal Persons Communication Ofﬁcers Co-chair: FAO Freq.: Fortnightly Freq.: Fortnightly Co-chair: UNICEF Freq.: Fortnightly Freq.: Fortnightly Freq.: Weekly Freq.: Fortnightly

WASH Education Child Protection Prioritization Operational Chair: MoWIE Chair: MoE Chair: MoWCA Committee Co-chair: UNICEF Co-chair: UNICEF/ Co-chair: UNICEF (Food) Freq.: Monthly Save the Children Freq.: Monthly Chair: NDRMC Freq.: Weekly Co-chair: WFP Freq.: Fortnightly ENCU: Emergency Nutrition Coordination Unit FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization HC: Humanitarian Coordinator Regional Disaster Risk Management Technical Working Group Steering Committee IOM: International Organization for Migration Chair: Regional President (RDRMTWG)/Incident Command Post (ICP) MoE: Ministry of Education Members: Line Bureau Heads (Strategy level) Chair: DPPC Heads Members: Sector Bureaus, Humanitarian Partners MoH: Ministry of Health Frequency: Weekly Secretariat: OCHA Frequency: Either fortnightly or monthly MoWCA: Ministry of Women and Children’s Affair Regional Technical Committee MoWIE: Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity

Regional Chair: Deputy Regional President Regional Sector Task Forces NDRMC: National Disaster Risk Management Commission Members: Line Bureaus (Technical level) Chair: Regional Bureau Heads UNICEF: United Nations Children’s Fund Frequency: Weekly Members: Regional Bureaus, Humanitarian Partners WFP: World Food Program 2016 GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIA AND DONOR CONTRIBUTION 2016 GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIA

51 This is a joint Government of Ethiopia and Humanitarian Partners’ document. This document provides a shared understanding of the crisis, including the most pressing humanitarian needs, and reflects the joint humanitarian response planning.

ETHIOPIA Humanitarian Requirements Document 2017 Photo Credit: Jake Lyell, Childfund Photo Credit: Jake Lyell, PART I: 

ETHIOPIA Humanitarian Requirements Document 2017 Photo Credit: Jake Lyell, Childfund Photo Credit: Jake Lyell, PART I: