Democracy in Occupied Japan: the U.S. Occupation and Japanese

Democracy in Occupied Japan This book offers a detailed assessment of the legacies of the U.S. occupation on Japanese politics and society, discussing the long-term impact of the occupation on contemporary Japan. Focusing on two central themes – democracy and the interplay of U.S.-initiated reforms and Japan’s endoge- nous drive for democratization and social justice – the contributors from both the United States and Japan, address key questions: • How did the U.S. authorities and the Japanese people define democracy? • To what extent did Americans impose their notions of democracy on Japan? • How far did the Japanese pursue impulses toward reform, rooted in their own history and values? • Which reforms were readily accepted and internalized, and which were ultimately subverted by the Japanese as impositions from outside? These questions are tackled by exploring the dynamics of the reform process from the three perspectives of innovation, continuity and compro- mise, specifically determining the effect that this period had on Japanese social, economic, and political understanding. The book critically exam- ines previously unexplored issues that influenced postwar Japan such as the effect of labor and healthcare legislation, textbook revision, and minority policy. Illuminating contemporary Japan, its achievements, its potential and its quandaries, Democracy in Occupied Japan will appeal to students and scholars of Japanese–U.S. relations, Japanese history and Japanese politics. Mark E. Caprio is a member of the Department of Law and Politics, Rikkyo University. Yoneyuki Sugita is Associate Professor of American History at Osaka University of Foreign Studies, Japan. Asia’s transformations Edited by Mark Selden Binghamton and Cornell Universities, USA The books in this series explore the political, social, economic and cultural con- sequences of Asia’s transformations in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The series emphasizes the tumultuous interplay of local, national, regional and global forces as Asia bids to become the hub of the world economy. While focusing on the contemporary, it also looks back to analyze the antecedents of Asia’s contested rise. This series comprises several strands: Asia’s Transformations aims to address the needs of students and teachers, and the titles will be published in hardback and paperback. Titles include: Debating Human Rights Korean Society Critical essays from the United States Civil society, democracy and the state and Asia Edited by Charles K. 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Titles include: Bangkok Representing Calcutta Place, practice and representation Modernity, nationalism and the Marc Askew colonial uncanny Swati Chattopadhyay Beijing in the Modern World David Strand and Madeline Yue Dong Singapore Wealth, power and the culture of Shanghai control Global city Carl A. Trocki Jeff Wasserstrom Hong Kong Global city Stephen Chiu and Tai-Lok Lui Asia.com is a series which focuses on the ways in which new information and communi- cation technologies are influencing politics, society and culture in Asia. Titles include: Japanese Cybercultures The Internet in Indonesia’s New Edited by Mark McLelland and Democracy Nanette Gottlieb David T. Hill and Krishna Sen Asia.com Chinese Cyberspaces Asia encounters the Internet Technological changes and political Edited by K.C. Ho, Randolph Kluver and effects Kenneth C.C. 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Titles include: 1 The American Occupation of Japan 11 Japanese Diasporas and Okinawa* Unsung pasts, conflicting presents Literature and memory and uncertain futures Michael Molasky Edited by Nobuko Adachi 2 Koreans in Japan* 12 How China Works Critical voices from the margin Perspectives on the twentieth- Edited by Sonia Ryang century industrial workplace 3 Internationalizing the Pacific Edited by Jacob Eyferth The United States, Japan and the Institute of Pacific Relations in War 13 Remolding and Resistance Among and Peace, 1919–1945 Writers of the Chinese Prison Camp Tomoko Akami Disciplined and published 4 Imperialism in South East Asia Edited by Philip F. Williams and ‘A fleeting, passing phase’ Yenna Wu Nicholas Tarling 14 Popular Culture, Globalization and 5 Chinese Media, Global Contexts Japan Edited by Chin-Chuan Lee Edited by Matthew Allen and 6 Remaking Citizenship in Hong Kong Rumi Sakamoto Community, nation and the global city 15 medi@sia Edited by Agnes S. Ku and Ngai Pun Global media/tion in and out of context 7 Japanese Industrial Governance Protectionism and the licensing state Edited by Todd Joseph, Miles Holden Yul Sohn and Timothy J. Scrase 8 Developmental Dilemmas 16 Vientiane Land reform and institutional Transformations of a Lao landscape change in China Marc Askew, William S. Logan and Edited by Peter Ho Colin Long 9 Genders, Transgenders and 17 State Formation and Radical Sexualities in Japan Democracy in India Edited by Mark McLelland and Manali Desai Romit Dasgupta 10 Fertility, Family Planning and 18 Democracy in Occupied Japan Population Policy in China The U.S. occupation and Japanese Edited by Dudley L. Poston, Che-Fu Lee, politics and society Chiung-Fang Chang, Sherry L. Edited by Mark E. Caprio and McKibben and Carol S. Walther Yoneyuki Sugita * Now available in paperback Critical Asian Scholarship is a series intended to showcase the most important individual contributions to scholarship in Asian Studies. Each of the volumes presents a leading Asian scholar addressing themes that are central to his or her most significant and lasting contribution to Asian studies. The series is committed to the rich variety of research and writing on Asia, and is not restricted to any particular discipline, theoretical approach or geographical expertise. Southeast Asia China’s Past, China’s Future A testament Energy, food, environment George McT. Kahin Vaclav Smil Women and the Family in Chinese The Chinese State in Ming Society History Timothy Brook Patricia Buckley Ebrey China Unbound Evolving perspectives on the Chinese past Paul A. Cohen Democracy in Occupied Japan The U.S. occupation and Japanese politics and society Edited by Mark E. Caprio and Yoneyuki Sugita First published 2007 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2007. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks

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