Celebrating Arizona's Native Flora
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Southwestern Rare and Endangered Plants
Preliminary Report on the Reproductive Biology of the Threatened Chisos Mountain Hedgehog Cactus BONNIE B. AMOS and CHRISTOS VASSILIOU Angelo State University, Texas Abstract: The Chisos Mountain hedgehog cactus (Echinocereus chisoensis, Cactaceae) is a narrow endemic restricted to an approximately 100 square mile area in Big Bend National Park, Texas. It was listed as threatened in 1987 as Echinocereus chisoensis var. chisoensis. An investigation of the reproductive biology and pollination ecology conducted in 1999 and 2000 revealed the taxon to be homogamous, self-incompatible, xenogamous, and heavily dependent upon the cactus oligolectic bee, Diadasia rinconis (Anthophoridae) for pollination. Despite infrequent bee visitation, fruit set from open pollination is high and fruits produce large numbers of seeds. Predation in 2002, probably from rodents as a result of severe drought conditions, was severe on plants, flower buds, and fruits. The Chisos Mountain hedgehog cactus, or Chisos jillo (Opuntia leptocaulis DC.), ocotillo (Fouquieria pitaya (Echinocereus chisoensis W. Marshall), is 1 of splendens K. Kunth), leatherstem (Jatropha dioica V. 20 threatened or endangered cacti listed by the de Cervantes), lechuguilla (Agave lechuguilla J. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for Region 2 (http: Torrey), and ceniza (Leucophyl1umf)zltescens (J. Ber- // ecos. fws.gov/ webpage/ webpage-lead.htrnl? landier) I. M. Johnston). An earlier study (Hender- lead_region=2&type=L&listings=l).In 1987 it was shott et al. 1992) did not show specific E. chisoen- added to the federal lists (53 FR 38453) of en- sis-nurse plant associations, but rather showed dangered and threatened wildlife and plants as associations as a consequence of soil conditions threatened because of its restricted distribution, that provide a hospitablL environment for a diver- low numbers, loss of viability in existing popula- sity of species or the exploitation by E. -
Introduction to Bacteriology and Bacterial Structure/Function
INTRODUCTION TO BACTERIOLOGY AND BACTERIAL STRUCTURE/FUNCTION LEARNING OBJECTIVES To describe historical landmarks of medical microbiology To describe Koch’s Postulates To describe the characteristic structures and chemical nature of cellular constituents that distinguish eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells To describe chemical, structural, and functional components of the bacterial cytoplasmic and outer membranes, cell wall and surface appendages To name the general structures, and polymers that make up bacterial cell walls To explain the differences between gram negative and gram positive cells To describe the chemical composition, function and serological classification as H antigen of bacterial flagella and how they differ from flagella of eucaryotic cells To describe the chemical composition and function of pili To explain the unique chemical composition of bacterial spores To list medically relevant bacteria that form spores To explain the function of spores in terms of chemical and heat resistance To describe characteristics of different types of membrane transport To describe the exact cellular location and serological classification as O antigen of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) To explain how the structure of LPS confers antigenic specificity and toxicity To describe the exact cellular location of Lipid A To explain the term endotoxin in terms of its chemical composition and location in bacterial cells INTRODUCTION TO BACTERIOLOGY 1. Two main threads in the history of bacteriology: 1) the natural history of bacteria and 2) the contagious nature of infectious diseases, were united in the latter half of the 19th century. During that period many of the bacteria that cause human disease were identified and characterized. 2. Individual bacteria were first observed microscopically by Antony van Leeuwenhoek at the end of the 17th century. -
Cactus (Opuntia Spp.) As Forage 169
Cactus (Opuntia spp.) as forage 169 Food •••A.gricultv,.. Org•nU.taon or United -N••lon• FAO Cactus (Opuntiaspp.) PLANT PRODUCTION as forage AND PROTECTlON PAPER 169 Ed~ed by Candelario Mondragon-Jacobo lnstituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias (INIFAP) Mexico and Salvador Perez-Gonzalez Universidad Aut6noma de Queretaro Mexico Coordinated for FAD by Enrique Arias Horticultural Crops Group Stephen G. Reynolds Grassland and Pasture Crops Group FAO Plant Production and Protection Division and Manuel D. sanchez Feed Resources Group FAO Animal Production and HeaHh Division Produced within the frameworl< of the FAO International Technical Cooperation Networl< ot on Cactus Pear ••u nttttd• NaUon• Rome,2001 Reprinted 2002 The designations “developed” and “developing” economies are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached by a particular country, country territory or area in the development process. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations or of their affiliated organization(s). The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. ISBN 92-5-104705-7 All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. -
2012 Formatted Lists
Maricopa County Real Gardens for Real People 11th Annual Tour Master Gardeners Garden 2 Nature's Bounty March 31, 2012 Common Name Botanical Name Common Name Botanical Name Acanthocereus sp. Acanthocereus sp. Brain Cactus Stenocactus lloydii Adenium Adenium arabicum 'Fat Gun' Brakelights Red Yucca Hesperaloe parviflora 'Perpa' Agave americana 'Marginata Aurea' Agave americana 'Marginata Aurea' Branched Pencil Cholla Cylindropuntia ramosissima Agave Cactus Leuchtenbergia principis Brittlebush, Incienso Encelia farinosa Agave funkiana Agave funkiana Bunny Ears Prickly Pear Opuntia microdasys Agave schidigera Agave schidigera Cabbage Head Agave Agave parrasana Agave, Century Plant Agave americana Candelabra Cactus Myrtillocactus chohal Albuca humilis Albuca humilis Candelilla Euphorbia antisyphilitica Aloe cryptopoda Aloe cryptopoda Cane Cholla, Eve's Needle Austrocylindropuntia subulata Aloe ibitiensis Aloe ibitiensis Cardon Pachycereus pringlei Aloe porphyrostachys Aloe porphyrostachys Caribbean Agave Agave angustifolia Aloe prinslooii Aloe prinslooii Caudex Ocotillo Fouquieria purpusii Aloe sp. Aloe sp. Cereus peruvianus 'Monstrose' Cereus peruvianus 'Monstrose' Angelita Daisy Tetraneuris acaulis Chaparral Sage Salvia clevelandii Argentine Giant Cactus, Easter Lily Cactus Echinopsis candicans Chenille Prickly Pear Opuntia aciculata Argentine Saguaro Echinopsis terscheckii Chocolate Flower Berlandiera lyrata Arizona Rainbow Hedgehog Cactus Echinocereus rigidissimus Christmas Tree Cactus Austrocylindropuntia subulata f. monstrosa Arrastradillo, -
Alex Gillespie and Flora Cornish Intersubjectivity: Towards a Dialogical Analysis
Alex Gillespie and Flora Cornish Intersubjectivity: towards a dialogical analysis Article (Submitted version) (Pre-refereed) Original citation: Gillespie, Alex and Cornish, Flora (2010) Intersubjectivity: towards a dialogical analysis Journal for the theory of social behaviour, 40 (1). pp. 19-46. © 2010 http://www.wiley.com/ This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/38709/ Available in LSE Research Online: November 2011 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author’s submitted version of the journal article, before the peer review process. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. For more research by LSE authors go to LSE Research Online Dialogical Analysis of Intersubjectivity 1 RUNNING HEAD: DIALOGICAL ANALYSIS OF INTERSUBJECTIVITY Intersubjectivity: Towards a Dialogical Analysis Alex Gillespie1 Department of Psychology University of Stirling Stirling FK9 4LA UK Tel: + 44 (0) 1786 466841 [email protected] Flora Cornish School of Health Glasgow Caledonian University Glasgow G4 0BA UK Acknowledgement: Alex Gillespie would like to acknowledge the support of an ESRC research grant (RES-000-22-2473) and Flora Cornish would like to acknowledge the support of the ESRC/DfID research grant (RES-167-25-0193). -
Bio 345 Field Botany Fall 2013 Professor Mark Davis Macalester College (Office: Rice 104; 696-6102) Office Hours - M: 1:30-3:00 P.M
Bio 345 Field Botany Fall 2013 Professor Mark Davis Macalester College (Office: Rice 104; 696-6102) Office Hours - M: 1:30-3:00 p.m. Wed: 1:30-3:00 p.m. GENERAL INFORMATION Biology 345-01 (02): (Field Botany) is a course in plant taxonomy, plant geography, and plant ecology. Students will learn the principles of plant classification and, through first hand experience, the techniques of plant identification, collection, and preservation. Students also will be introduced to the fields of plant geography and plant ecology. Particular attention will be given to the taxonomy, geography, and ecology of plants growing in the North Central United States. Weekly field trips to nearby habitats will enable students to become familiar with many local species. This is a course for anyone who enjoys plants and wants to learn to identify them and learn more about them, as well as for students with a scientific interest in plant taxonomy and ecology. Note: this syllabus and other course materials can also be found on Moodle. READINGS: Readings from Barbour and Billings (2000), North American Terrestrial Vegetation, Cambridge U Press (in Bio Student Lounge); Judd et al. (2008), Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach, Sinauer Associates (in Bio Student Lounge); & readings to be assigned. LECTURES: MWF 10:50 - 11:50 a.m. in OR284. Please come to class on time!!!! LABORATORY/FIELD TRIPS/DISCUSSIONS: Thurs: 8:00 - 11:10 a.m. During September, and October we will usually take field trips during the weekly laboratory time. These will be local botanizing trips and will provide students with the opportunity to develop and practice their identification skills in the field. -
Dictionary of Cultivated Plants and Their Regions of Diversity Second Edition Revised Of: A.C
Dictionary of cultivated plants and their regions of diversity Second edition revised of: A.C. Zeven and P.M. Zhukovsky, 1975, Dictionary of cultivated plants and their centres of diversity 'N -'\:K 1~ Li Dictionary of cultivated plants and their regions of diversity Excluding most ornamentals, forest trees and lower plants A.C. Zeven andJ.M.J, de Wet K pudoc Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation Wageningen - 1982 ~T—^/-/- /+<>?- •/ CIP-GEGEVENS Zeven, A.C. Dictionary ofcultivate d plants andthei rregion so f diversity: excluding mostornamentals ,fores t treesan d lowerplant s/ A.C .Zeve n andJ.M.J ,d eWet .- Wageninge n : Pudoc. -11 1 Herz,uitg . van:Dictionar y of cultivatedplant s andthei r centreso fdiversit y /A.C .Zeve n andP.M . Zhukovsky, 1975.- Me t index,lit .opg . ISBN 90-220-0785-5 SISO63 2UD C63 3 Trefw.:plantenteelt . ISBN 90-220-0785-5 ©Centre forAgricultura l Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen,1982 . Nopar t of thisboo k mayb e reproduced andpublishe d in any form,b y print, photoprint,microfil m or any othermean swithou t written permission from thepublisher . Contents Preface 7 History of thewor k 8 Origins of agriculture anddomesticatio n ofplant s Cradles of agriculture and regions of diversity 21 1 Chinese-Japanese Region 32 2 Indochinese-IndonesianRegio n 48 3 Australian Region 65 4 Hindustani Region 70 5 Central AsianRegio n 81 6 NearEaster n Region 87 7 Mediterranean Region 103 8 African Region 121 9 European-Siberian Region 148 10 South American Region 164 11 CentralAmerica n andMexica n Region 185 12 NorthAmerica n Region 199 Specieswithou t an identified region 207 References 209 Indexo fbotanica l names 228 Preface The aimo f thiswor k ist ogiv e thereade r quick reference toth e regionso f diversity ofcultivate d plants.Fo r important crops,region so fdiversit y of related wild species areals opresented .Wil d species areofte nusefu l sources of genes to improve thevalu eo fcrops . -
Photosynthetic Traits in C3 and C4 Grassland Species in Mesocosm and field Environments Jesse B
This article was originally published in a journal published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author’s benefit and for the benefit of the author’s institution, for non-commercial research and educational use including without limitation use in instruction at your institution, sending it to specific colleagues that you know, and providing a copy to your institution’s administrator. All other uses, reproduction and distribution, including without limitation commercial reprints, selling or licensing copies or access, or posting on open internet sites, your personal or institution’s website or repository, are prohibited. For exceptions, permission may be sought for such use through Elsevier’s permissions site at: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissionusematerial Environmental and Experimental Botany 60 (2007) 412–420 Photosynthetic traits in C3 and C4 grassland species in mesocosm and field environments Jesse B. Nippert a,∗, Philip A. Fay b, Alan K. Knapp a a Department of Biology, 1878 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA b USDA-ARS, 808 East Blackland Rd., Temple, TX 76502 USA Received 13 June 2006; received in revised form 21 December 2006; accepted 28 December 2006 Abstract The North American tallgrass prairie is composed of a diverse mix of C3 and C4 plant species that are subject to multiple resource limitations. C4 grasses dominate this ecosystem, purportedly due to greater photosynthetic capacity and resource-use efficiency associated with C4 photosynthesis. We tested the hypothesis that intrinsic physiological differences between C3 and C4 species are consistent with C4 grass dominance by comparing leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence variables for seven C4 and C3 herbaceous species (legumes and non-legumes) in two different settings: experimental mesocosms and natural grassland sites. -
The Early Origins of Terrestrial C4 Photosynthesis
ANRV309-EA35-15 ARI 20 March 2007 15:58 The Early Origins of Terrestrial C4 Photosynthesis Brett J. Tipple and Mark Pagani Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; email: [email protected], [email protected] Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 2007. 35:435–61 Key Words First published online as a Review in Advance on paleoclimate, carbon isotopes, bioapatite, paleosols, February 21, 2007 compound-specific isotope analysis The Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences is online at earth.annualreviews.org Abstract This article’s doi: The C4 photosynthetic pathway is a series of structural and bio- 10.1146/annurev.earth.35.031306.140150 chemical modifications around the more primitive C3 pathway that Copyright c 2007 by Annual Reviews. improve the photosynthetic efficiency under specific climatic condi- All rights reserved tions. Hence, the origin and subsequent geographical expansion of 0084-6597/07/0530-0435$20.00 the C4 plants likely reflects a record of climate change. Multiple pa- leoatmospheric pCO2 proxies indicate a critical CO2 threshold was breached ∼30 Ma, that potentially selected for CO2-concentrating mechanisms to overcome photorespiratory stresses imposed on the basic C3 pathway. Details of the C4 pathway’s earliest origins re- main enigmatic given the paucity of the geologic record. Nonethe- less, δ13C proxy records from paleosol carbonates, ungulate teeth, and plant-derived compounds indicate C4 plants likely represented an important component of plant biomass by the Early Miocene. Low CO2 levels appear to be a precondition for the development by Yale University STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 11/10/09. -
Restoring Newtown's Natural Flora by Removing Invasive Plants
RESTORING NEWTOWN’S NATURAL FLORA BY REMOVING INVASIVE PLANTS Everything in Nature is Connected “When one tugs at a single thing in nature, he finds it attached to the rest of the world.” John Muir “Conservation is a state of harmony between men and land.” Aldo Leopold What Do We Mean by Native Plants? . Native plants are ones that were found here before Europeans settled in Connecticut. They produce few seeds, thereby avoiding competition with the mother plant. Why are Native Plants Important? . Native plants play an important role in sustaining other parts of their ecosystem. Other plants and animals may depend on them for their survival. White Oak Barn Owls What are Invasive Plants? . Invasive plants are plants that displace native plants in natural areas. In other words, they tend to “take over”. How Do Invasives Spread So Quickly? . They produce abundant fruit and seeds. Seeds are spread by birds, wind, water, people and vehicles. Some even secrete chemicals which are bad for other natural plants! Garlic Mustard How Did Invasives Get Here? . Some non-native plants were brought to the United States for agricultural, medicinal and ornamental purposes. Some of these have become invasive, but not all. Some Invasives Were Brought Here To Plant Along the Roads . Some were imported to be used as a source of food for birds or to act as a buffer along road sides. Autumn Olive Why is it That Many Invasives are So Pretty? . Often the reason that they were brought here is because they were thought to be attractive. Multi-Flora Rose Many Invasives Were Brought Here for Ornamental Use. -
Flora of North Central Texas Flora of North Central Texas
SHINNERS & MAHLER’S FLOR A OF NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS GEORGE M. DIGGSIGGS,, JJR.. BBARNEY L. LIPSCOMBIPSCOMB ROBERT J. O’KENNON D VEGETATIONAL AREAS OF TEXAS MODIFIED FROM CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF TEXAS (HATCH ET AL. 1990). NEARLY IDENTICAL MAPS HAVE BEEN USED IN NUMEROUS WORKS ON TEXAS INCLUDING GOULD (1962) AND CORRELL AND JOHNSTON (1970). 1 PINEYWOODS 2 GULF PRAIRIES AND MARSHEs 3 POST OAK SAVANNAH 4 BLACKLAND PRAIRIES 5 CROSS TIMBERS AND PRAIRIES 6 SOUTH TEXAS PLAINS 7 EDWARDS PLATEAU 8 ROLLING PLAINS 9 HIGH PLAINS 10 TRANS-PECOS, MOUNTAINS AND BASINS D VEGETATIONAL AREAS OF NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D SHINNERS & MAHLER’S ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS Shinners & Mahler’s ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS IS PUBLISHED WITH THE SUPPORT OF: MAJOR BENEFACTORS: NEW DOROTHEA L. LEONHARDT FOUNDATION (ANDREA C. HARKINS) BASS FOUNDATION ROBERT J. O’KENNON RUTH ANDERSSON MAY MARY G. PALKO AMON G. CARTER FOUNDATION MARGRET M. RIMMER MIKE AND EVA SANDLIN INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT: AUSTIN COLLEGE BOTANICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF TEXAS SID RICHARDSON CAREER DEVELOPMENT FUND OF AUSTIN COLLEGE OTHER CONTRIBUTORS: PEG AND BEN KEITH FRIENDS OF HAGERMAN NAT IONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SUMMERLEE FOUNDATION JOHN D. -
The Vascular Flora of the Red Hills Forever Wild Tract, Monroe County, Alabama
The Vascular Flora of the Red Hills Forever Wild Tract, Monroe County, Alabama T. Wayne Barger1* and Brian D. Holt1 1Alabama State Lands Division, Natural Heritage Section, Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Montgomery, AL 36130 *Correspondence: wayne [email protected] Abstract provides public lands for recreational use along with con- servation of vital habitat. Since its inception, the Forever The Red Hills Forever Wild Tract (RHFWT) is a 1785 ha Wild Program, managed by the Alabama Department of property that was acquired in two purchases by the State of Conservation and Natural Resources (AL-DCNR), has pur- Alabama Forever Wild Program in February and Septem- chased approximately 97 500 ha (241 000 acres) of land for ber 2010. The RHFWT is characterized by undulating general recreation, nature preserves, additions to wildlife terrain with steep slopes, loblolly pine plantations, and management areas and state parks. For each Forever Wild mixed hardwood floodplain forests. The property lies tract purchased, a management plan providing guidelines 125 km southwest of Montgomery, AL and is managed by and recommendations for the tract must be in place within the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural a year of acquisition. The 1785 ha (4412 acre) Red Hills Resources with an emphasis on recreational use and habi- Forever Wild Tract (RHFWT) was acquired in two sepa- tat management. An intensive floristic study of this area rate purchases in February and September 2010, in part was conducted from January 2011 through June 2015. A to provide protected habitat for the federally listed Red total of 533 taxa (527 species) from 323 genera and 120 Hills Salamander (Phaeognathus hubrichti Highton).